2006年考研英语真题(英语一)

SectionⅠUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDonANSWERSHEET1.(10points)ThehomelessmakeupagrowingpercentageofAmerica’spopulation.1,homelessnesshasreachedsuchproportionsthatlocalgovernmentscan’tpossibly2.Tohelphomelesspeople3independence,thefederalgovernmentmustsupportjobtrainingprograms,4theminimumwage,andfundmorelow-costhousing.5everyoneagreesonthenumberofAmericanswhoarehomeless.Estimates6anywherefrom600,000to3million.7thefiguremayvary,analystsdoagreeonanothermatter:thatthenumberofthehomelessis8.Oneofthefederalgovernment’sstudies9thatthenumberofthehomelesswillreachnearly19millionbytheendofthisdecade.Findingwaysto10thisgrowinghomelesspopulationhasbecomeincreasinglydifficult.11whenhomelessindividualsmanagetofinda12thatwillgivethemthreemealsadayandaplacetosleepatnight,agoodnumberstillspendthebulkofeachday13thestreet.Partoftheproblemisthatmanyhomelessadultsareaddictedtoalcoholordrugs.Andasignificantnumberofthehomelesshaveseriousmentaldisorders.Manyothers,14notaddictedormentallyill,simplylacktheeveryday15skillsneededtoturntheirlives16.BostonGlobereporterChrisReidynotesthatthesituationwillimproveonlywhenthereare17programsthataddressthemanyneedsofthehomeless.18EdwardZlotkowski,directorofcommunityserviceatBentleyCollegeinMassachusetts,19it,“Therehastobe20ofprograms.What’sneededisapackagedeal.”1.[A]Indeed [B]Likewise [C]Therefore [D]Furthermore2.[A]stand [B]cope [C]approve [D]retain3.[A]in [B]for [C]with [D]toward4.[A]raise [B]add [C]take [D]keep5.[A]Generally [B]Almost [C]Hardly [D]Not6.[A]cover [B]change [C]range [D]differ7.[A]Nowthat [B]Although [C]Provided [D]Exceptthat8.[A]inflating [B]expanding [C]increasing [D]extending9.[A]predicts [B]displays [C]proves [D]discovers10.[A]assist [B]track [C]sustain [D]dismiss11.[A]Hence [B]But [C]Even [D]Only12.[A]lodging [B]shelter [C]dwelling [D]house13.[A]searching [B]strolling [C]crowding [D]wandering14.[A]when [B]once [C]while [D]whereas15.[A]life [B]existence [C]survival [D]maintenance16.[A]around [B]over [C]on [D]up17.[A]complex [B]comprehensive [C]complementary [D]compensating18.[A]So [B]Since [C]As [D]Thus19.[A]puts [B]interprets [C]assumes [D]makes20.[A]supervision [B]manipulation [C]regulation [D]coordinationSectionIIReadingComprehensionPartADirections:Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSNEET1.(40points)Text1Inspiteof“endlesstalkofdifference,”Americansocietyisanamazingmachineforhomogenizingpeople.Thereis“thedemocratizinguniformityofdressanddiscourse,andthecasualnessandabsenceofdeference”characteristicofpopularculture.Peopleareabsorbedinto“acultureofconsumption”launchedbythe19th-centurydepartmentstoresthatoffered“vastarraysofgoodsinanelegantatmosphere.Insteadofintimateshopscateringtoaknowledgeableelite,”thesewerestores“anyonecouldenter,regardlessofclassorbackground.Thisturnedshoppingintoapublicanddemocraticact.”Themassmedia,advertisingandsportsareotherforcesforhomogenization.Immigrantsarequicklyfittingintothiscommonculture,whichmaynotbealtogetherelevatingbutishardlypoisonous.WritingfortheNationalImmigrationForum,GregoryRodriguezreportsthattoday’simmigrationisneitheratunprecedentedlevelsnorresistanttoassimilation.In1998immigrantswere9.8percentofthepopulation;in1900,13.6percent.Inthe10yearspriorto1990,3.1immigrantsarrivedforevery1,000residents;inthe10yearspriorto1890,9.2forevery1,000.Now,considerthreeindicesofassimilation－language,homeownershipandintermarriage.The1990Censusrevealedthat“amajorityofimmigrantsfromeachofthefifteenmostcommoncountriesoforiginspokeEnglish‘well’or‘verywell’aftertenyearsofresidence.”ThechildrenofimmigrantstendtobebilingualandproficientinEnglish.“Bythethirdgeneration,theoriginallanguageislostinthemajorityofimmigrantfamilies.”HencethedescriptionofAmericaasa“graveyard”forlanguages.By1996foreign-bornimmigrantswhohadarrivedbefore1970hadahomeownershiprateof75.6percent,higherthanthe69.8percentrateamongnative-bornAmericans.Foreign-bornAsiansandHispanics“havehigherratesofintermarriagethandoU.S.-bornwhitesandblacks.”Bythethirdgeneration,onethirdofHispanicwomenaremarriedtonon-Hispanics,and41percentofAsian-Americanwomenaremarriedtonon-Asians.RodrigueznotesthatchildreninremotevillagesaroundtheworldarefansofsuperstarslikeArnoldSchwarzeneggerandGarthBrooks,yet“someAmericansfearthatimmigrantslivingwithintheUnitedStatesremainsomehowimmunetothenation’sassimilativepower.”AretheredivisiveissuesandpocketsofseethingangerinAmerica?Indeed.Itisbigenoughtohaveabitofeverything.ButparticularlywhenviewedagainstAmerica’sturbulentpast,today’ssocialindiceshardlysuggestadarkanddeterioratingsocialenvironment.21.Theword“homogenizing”(Paragraph1)mostprobablymeans______[A]identifying. [B]associating. [C]assimilating. [D]monopolizing.22.Accordingtotheauthor,thedepartmentstoresofthe19thcentury______[A]playedaroleinthespreadofpopularculture.[B]becameintimateshopsforcommonconsumers.[C]satisfiedtheneedsofaknowledgeableelite.[D]oweditsemergencetothecultureofconsumption.23.ThetextsuggeststhatimmigrantsnowintheU.S.______[A]areresistanttohomogenization.[B]exertagreatinfluenceonAmericanculture.[C]arehardlyathreattothecommonculture.[D]constitutethemajorityofthepopulation.24.WhyareArnoldSchwarzeneggerandGarthBrooksmentionedinParagraph5?[A]Toprovetheirpopularityaroundtheworld.[B]Torevealthepublic’sfearofimmigrants.[C]Togiveexamplesofsuccessfulimmigrants.[D]ToshowthepowerfulinfluenceofAmericanculture.25.Intheauthor’sopinion,theabsorptionofimmigrantsintoAmericansocietyis______[A]rewarding. [B]successful. [C]fruitless. [D]harmful.PartBDirections:Inthefollowingarticle,somesentenceshavebeenremoved.ForQuestions41-45,choosethemostsuitableonefromthelistA-Gtofitintoeachofthenumberedgaps.Therearetwoextrachoices,whichyoudonotneedtouse.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(10points)OnthenorthbankoftheOhioriversitsEvansville,Ind.,homeofDavidWilliams,52,andofariverboatcasino(aplacewheregamblinggamesareplayed).Duringseveralyearsofgamblinginthatcasino,Williams，astateauditorearning$35,000ayear,lostapproximately$175,000.Hehadnevergambledbeforethecasinosenthimacouponfor$20worthofgambling.Hevisitedthecasino,lostthe$20andleft.Onhissecondvisithelost$800.Thecasinoissuedtohim,asagoodcustomer,a“FunCard,”whichwhenusedinthecasinoearnspointsformealsanddrinks,andenablesthecasinototracktheuser’sgamblingactivities.ForWilliams,thoseactivitiesbecamewhathecalls“electronicheroin.”(41).In1997helost$21,000tooneslotmachineintwodays.InMarch1997helost$72,186.Hesometimesplayedtwoslotmachinesatatime,allnight,untiltheboatdockedat5a.m.,thenwentbackaboardwhenthecasinoopenedat9a.m.Nowheissuingthecasino,chargingthatitshouldhaverefusedhispatronagebecauseitknewhewasaddicted.Itdidknowhehadaproblem.InMarch1998afriendofWilliams’sgothiminvoluntarilyconfinedtoatreatmentcenterforaddictions,andwrotetoinformthecasinoofWilliams’sgamblingproblem.ThecasinoincludedaphotoofWilliamsamongthoseofbannedgamblers,andwrotetohima“ceaseadmissions”letter.Notingthe“medical/psychological”natureofproblemgamblingbehavior,thelettersaidthatbeforebeingreadmittedtothecasinohewouldhavetopresentmedical/psychologicalinformationdemonstratingthatpatronizingthecasinowouldposenothreattohissafetyorwell-being.(42).TheWallStreetJournalreportsthatthecasinohas24signswarning：“Enjoythefun…andalwaysbetwithyourhead,notoverit.”Everyentranceticketlistsatoll-freenumberforcounselingfromtheIndianaDepartmentofMentalHealth.NeverthelessWilliams’ssuitchargesthatthecasino,knowinghewas“helplesslyaddictedtogambling,”intentionallyworkedto“lure”himto“engageinconductagainsthiswill”.Well.(43).ThefourtheditionoftheDiagnosticandStatisticalManualofMentalDisorderssays“pathologicalgambling”involvespersistent,recurringanduncontrollablepursuitlessofmoneythanofthethrilloftakingrisksinquestofawindfall.(44).Pushedbyscience,orwhatclaimstobescience,societyisreclassifyingwhatoncewereconsideredcharacterflawsormoralfailingsaspersonalitydisordersakintophysicaldisabilities.(45).Forty-fourstateshavelotteries,29havecasinos,andmostofthesestatesaretovaryingdegreesdependenton—youmightsayaddictedto—revenuesfromwagering.AndsincethefirstInternetgamblingsitewascreatedin1995,competitionforgamblers’dollarshasbecomeintense.TheOct.28issueofNewsweekreportedthat2milliongamblerspatronize1,800virtualcasinoseveryweek.With$3.5billionbeinglostonInternetwagersthisyear,gamblinghaspassedpornographyastheWeb’smostprofitablebusiness.[A]Althoughnosuchevidencewaspresented,thecasino’smarketingdepartmentcontinuedtopepperhimwithmailings.AndheenteredthecasinoandusedhisFunCardwithoutbeingdetected.[B]Itisunclearwhatluringwasrequired,givenhiscompulsivebehavior.Andinwhatsensewashiswilloperative?[C]Bythetimehehadlost$5,000hesaidtohimselfthatifhecouldgetbacktoeven,hewouldquit.Onenighthewon$5,500,buthedidnotquit.[D]GamblinghasbeenacommonfeatureofAmericanlifeforever,butforalongtimeitwasbroadlyconsideredasin,orasocialdisease.Nowitisasocialpolicy:themostimportantandaggressivepromoterofgamblinginAmericaisthegovernment.[E]DavidWilliams’ssuitshouldtroublethisgamblingnation.Butdon’tbetonit.[F]Itisworrisomethatsocietyismedicalizingmoreandmorebehavioralproblems,oftendefiningasaddictionswhatearlier,sternergenerationsexplainedasweaknessofwill.[G]Theanonymous,lonely,undistractednatureofonlinegamblingisespeciallyconductivetocompulsivebehavior.ButevenifthegovernmentknewhowtomoveagainstInternetgambling,whatwouldbeitsgroundsfordoingso?PartCDirections:ReadthefollowingpassagecarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.YourtranslationshouldbewrittenclearlyonANSWERSHEET2.(10points)IsittruethattheAmericanintellectualisrejectedandconsideredofnoaccountinhissociety?Iamgoingtosuggestthatitisnottrue.FatherBruckbergertoldpartofthestorywhenheobservedthatitistheintellectualswhohaverejectedAmerican.Buttheyhavedonemorethanthat.Theyhavegrowndissatisfiedwiththeroleoftheintellectual.Itisthey,notAmerican,whohavebecomeanti-intellectual.First,theobjectofourstudypleadsfordefinition.Whatisanintellectual?(46)IshalldefinehimasanindividualwhohaselectedashisprimarydutyandpleasureinlifetheactivityofthinkinginaSocratic(苏格拉底的)wayaboutmoralproblems.Heexploressuchproblemsconsciously,articulately,andfrankly,firstbyaskingfactualquestions,thenbyaskingmoralquestions,finallybysuggestingactionwhichseemsappropriateinthelightofthefactualandmoralinformationwhichhehasobtained.(47)Hisfunctionisanalogoustothatofajudge,whomustaccepttheobligationofrevealinginasobviousamanneraspossiblethecourseofreasoningwhichledhimtohisdecision.Thisdefinitionexcludesmanyindividualsusuallyreferredtoasintellectuals—theaveragescientist,forone.(48)Ihaveexcludedhimbecause,whilehisaccomplishmentsmaycontributetothesolutionofmoralproblems,hehasnotbeenchargedwiththetaskofapproachinganybutthefactualaspectsofthoseproblems.Likeotherhumanbeings,heencountersmoralissuesevenintheevery-dayperformanceofhisroutineduties—heisnotsupposedtocookhisexperiments,manufactureevidence,ordoctorhisreports.(49)Buthisprimarytaskisnottothinkaboutthemoralcodewhichgovernshisactivity,anymorethanabusinessmanisexpectedtodedicatehisenergiestoanexplorationofrulesofconductinbusiness.Duringmostofhiswakinglifehewilltakehiscodeforgranted,asthebusinessmantakeshisethics.Thedefinitionalsoexcludesthemajorityoffactors,despitethefactthatteachinghastraditionallybeenthemethodwherebymanyintellectualsearntheirliving.(50)Theymayteachverywell,andmorethanearntheirsalaries,butmostofthemmakelittleornoindependentreflectionsonhumanproblemswhichinvolvemoraljudgment.Thisdescriptionevenfitsthemajorityeminentscholars.Beinglearnedinsomebranchofhumanknowledgeinonething；livingin“publicandillustriousthoughts,”asEmersionwouldsay,issomethingelse.SectionⅢWritingPartA1.Directions:YouwanttocontributetoProjectHopebyofferingfinancialaidtoachildinaremotearea.Writealettertothedepartmentconcerned,askingthemtohelpfindacandidate.Youshouldspecifywhatkindofchildyouwanttohelpandhowyouwillcarryoutyourplan.Writeyourletterinnolessthan100words.WriteitneatlyonANSWERSHEET2.Donotsignyourownnameattheendoftheletter;use“LiMing”instead.Donotwritetheaddress.(10points)PartB1.Directions:Studythefollowingphotoscarefullyandwriteanessayinwhichyoushould1)describethephotosbriefly,2)interpretthesocialphenomenonreflectedbythem,and3)giveyourpointofview.Youshouldwrite160-200wordsneatlyonANSWERSHEET2.(20points)