年代80初中英语第四册

.......专业.专注.初中英语课本第四册DRILLS（句型练习）LESSON1WhenshallwevisittheScienceMuseum?Sometimenextweek.AA:ShallIgetsomechalk?changethemapsonthewall?returnthesebookstothelibrary?B:Yes,please.(No,thanks.LetLiPingdoit)BA:WhatshallwedoinourEnglishclasstomorrow?B:We’llgooverthenewwords.haveatest.talkaboutsomepictures.CA:Whenshallwehavetheclassmeeting?theEnglishevening?thetalkonthehistoryoftheparty?B:NextWednesdayafternoon.A:Whereshallwehaveit?B:Inthemeeting-room.DIALOGUE（对话）W---WomanL----LiumeiPPolicemanHHusband(Atastreetcorner.)LETMEHELPYOUW(Lookingveryworried):Oh,dear!WhatshallIdo?(LiuMeiisonherwaytoseeafilm,butshestops.)L:What’sthematter,Granny?CanIhelpyou?W:I’mheretoseemyhusband.He’sinhospital.Hewrotethenameofthehospitalinhisletter,butIcan’tfindtheletternow.whatshallIdo?L:It’snotinanyofyourpockets?W:No.L:Maybeyouputitinyourbasket.W(lookinginherbasket:)Ah,yes,hereitis!(SheshowsittoLiuMei.)L:Yes,thisisit.W:HowcanIgetthere?Idon’tknowtheway.L:Idon’t,either,Granny.I’llaskthepoliceman.(Runstothepolicemanatthecorner.)L:Excuseme,whichisthewaytotheEastStreetHospital?P:Godownthisstreet,thenturnrightatthesecondcrossing.Attheendoftheroadyou’llfindthehospital.It’sabouthalfanhour’swalk.Butyoucangettherebybus.L:WhichbusshallItake?P:TheNo.3busoverthere.It’lltakeyourightthere.L:Thankyou.(Runsbacktotheoldwoman.)Granny,thehospitalisabitfarfromhere.Shallwegobybus?W:Allright.(Twentyminuteslatertheoldwomanfindsherhusband.Howhappytheyaretoseeeachother!)H:Buthowdidyougethere?W:Thislittlegirlbroughtme.H:Whichgirl?(TheylookaroundbutLiuMeiisalreadygone)W:Whatagoodgirl!(LiuMeiisverylateforthefilm,butshedoes’tnmind.)GRAMMAR（语法）冠词(TheArticle)冠词是一种虚词，放在名词的前面，帮助说明名词的含义。冠词分不定冠词（TheIndefiniteArticle）和定冠词（TheDefiniteArticle）两种。a(an)是不定冠词，a用在辅音之前，如abook,aman;an用在元音之前，如anoldwoman,anhour等。the是定冠词。1、不定冠词的用法指人或事物的某一种类。这是不定冠词a(an)的基本用法。如：Iamaboy.Passmeanapple,please.指某人或某物，但不具体说明何人或何物。如：Aboyiswaitingforyou.Heborrowedastory-bookfromthelibrary.表示数量，有“一”的意思，但数的概念没有one强烈。如：Ihaveamouth,anoseandtwoeyes.用于某些固定词组中。如：abit,afew,alittle,alotof,apieceof,acupof,aglassof,apileof等。2、定冠词的用法特指某些人或某些事物。这是定冠词the的基本用法。如：BeijingisthecapitalofChina.Thebookonthedeskismine.（特指桌上的那本书。注意名词book被短语onthedesk所限定。）指谈话双方都知道的人或事物。如：Whereistheteacher?（双方都知道指的是哪一位教师。）Openthewindow,please.（双方都知道指的是哪一扇窗。）指上文提过的人或事物。如：Therewasachairbythewindow.Onthechairsatayoungwomanwithababyinherarms.Thebabywasthin.用在世界上独一无二的事物前。如：Theearthisbiggerthanthemoon,butsmallerthanthesun.用在序数词和形容词的最高级前。如：MrGreentaughtthefirstclass.Aliceisthetallestinherclass.用在某些专有名词前。如：theGreatWall,theSummerPalace,theHistoryMuseum,theScienceMuseum,theCapitalStadium,theChildren’sPalace,theEastStreetHospital,theParty等。用在一些习惯用语中。如：intheday,inthemorning(afternoon,evening),thedayaftertomorrow,thedaybeforeyesterday,thenextmorning,bytheway等。3、下列情况中一般不用冠词在专有名词和不可数名词前。如：China,GradeTwo,ClassThree,science,chalk,ink,paper,water,tea,milk等。名词前已有做定语的this,that,my,your,some,any等代词。如：Theletterisinherbasket.Godownthisstreet.复数名词表示一类人或事物时。如：Myfatherandmotherareteachers.Shelikesreadingstories.在节日、日期、月份、季节前。如：TodayisNewYear’sDay.ItisSunday(Monday,Tuesday,etc)March8isWomen’sDay.Itiscoldinwinter.在称呼语或表示头衔的名词前。如：What’sthematter,Granny?ThisisComradeWang.在某些习惯用语中的名词前。如：atmoon,atnight,atfirst,atlast,bybus,inbed,intime,infrontof,gotoschool,gotobed等。在三餐饭和球类运动名称前。如：Hegoestoschoolafterbreakfast.Wearegoingtoplayfootball.DRILLS（句型练习）LESSON2Whatwereyourparentsdoingateightlastnight?Mumwassewing.AndDadwasreading.AA:Wereyouathomeyesterdayevening?B:Yes.Iwasdoingsomecooking.doingsomewashing.learningEnglishontheradio.Wereyoudoingthesamethingatthattime?A:No,Iwasn’t.Iwasdoingmyhomework.BA:Whatwereyoudoingthistimeyesterday?wereTomandPeterwasJennyB:Wewerecopyingthenewtext.TheywereShewasTEXT（课文）THEMONKEYANDTHECROCODILEOnedayalittlemonkeywasplayinginatalltreebytheriver.Acrocodilewasswimmingslowlynearthebankwithherbaby.Shelookedaroundforsomefood.Suddenlyshesawthemonkey.“Aha,there’smymeal,”shethought.Shethenturnedtoherson,“Doyouloveme,Son?”“Why,ofcourse,Mum!”thebabycrocodilesaid.“Wellthen,youcatchthatmonkeyandgivemehishearttoeat.”“ButhowcanI?”thebabycrocodileasked.“Monkeyscan’tswim,andIcan’tclimbtrees.”“Youneedn’tclimbthetree”,you’llfindaway.”hismothersaid.“Useyourhead,thenThebabycrocodilethoughthard.Thehehadanidea.Heswamnearthetreeandshouted,“Hey,Monkey!Wouldyoulikesomebananas?”“Bananas!Mm!Ilovethem,”saidthemonkey.“Butwherearethey?”“Ontheothersideoftheriver.Therearesomebananatreesthere,andtheyhavelotsofbananasonthem.I’lltakeyouthereonmyback”.“Good,”themonkeycamedownandjumpedontothecrocodile’sback.(Tobecontinued)GRAMMAR（语法）疑问句(TheInterrogativeSentence)英语的疑问句有四种：一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句和反意疑问句。1、一般疑问句(TheGeneralQuestion)用yes或no回到的疑问句，叫做一般疑问句。这种疑问句通常是把动词be或have，助动词或情态动词放在主语之前，说时用升调。如：Issheaworker?Haveyouanypaper?DoeshestudyEnglish?2、特殊疑问句(TheSpecialQuestion)用what，who，which等疑问代词和when，where，why，how等疑问副词引起的疑问句，叫做特殊疑问句。这种疑问句不能用yes或no回答，说时用降低。如：What’sthis?Who’stheboyoverthere?Whendoyougetup?3、选择疑问句(TheAlternativeQuestion)提出两种或两种以上的情况，要求对方选择一种，这种疑问句叫做选择疑问句。它的结构是“一般疑问句+or+一般疑问句”，但常把后面一部分里面和前一部分相同的成分省略。说时or前面部分用升调，后面部分用降调。如：Isherbrotheradoctororateacher?Doyouwantanewspaperoramagazine?Shallwehaveameetingthisweekornext?4、反意疑问句(TheDisjunctiveQuestion)在陈述句之后附上一个简短问句，对陈述句所叙述的事实提出相反的疑问，这种疑问句叫做反意疑问句。如前一部分为肯定式，后一部分用否定式。反之，如前一部分为否定式，后一部分就用肯定式。说时，反意疑问句的前一部分用降调，后一部分，在表示疑问时用升调，在表示强调时用降调。如：He’sateacher,↗isn’the?他是教师，是不是？She’sanurse,↘isn’tshe?她是护士，不是吗？对反意疑问句的回答，不管问题的提法如何，若事实是肯定的，就要用yes，事实是否定的，就要用no。这和汉语不一样，应特别注意。如：Heisn’taworker,ishe?他不是工人，是吗？Yes,heis.不，他是工人。No,heisn’t.对，他不是工人。LESSON3DRILLS（句型练习）Iwascookingwhensheknockedatthedoor.AA:Yousawtheboysintheclassroomjustnow,didn’tyou?B:Yes,Idid.A:Whatweretheydoing?B:TheyweredoingmathsexerciseswhenIleft.drawingamapoftheworldputtingupsomepicturesonthewallBA:Didyouseeyourteacherintheoffice?B:Yes,Idid.A:Wasshehavingameeting?B:No,shewasn’t.ShewastalkingtosomeparentswhenIsawher.goingoverourexercisespreparingthenewlessonwithotherteachersTEXT（课文）THEMONKEYANDTHECROCODILE(Continued)Soontheywereinthemiddleoftheriver.Suddenlythecrocodilewentdownunderthewater.Whenhecameupagain,themonkeywasallwet.“Don’tdothat!”themonkeycried.“Don’tdothatagain!Ican’tswim,youknow.”“Iknow,butIhaveto”,toeatyourheart.”answeredthecrocodile.“MymotherwantsThelittlemonkeywasclever.“Whydidn’tyoutellmeearlier?”heasked.“Myheartisn’therewithme.Ileftitinthattreeoverthere.”“Thenwe’llhavetogobackforit.Motherdoesn’twantyouwithoutyourheart.”Thecrocodileturnedandswambacktothebank.Soontheyreachedthebank.Themonkeyjumpedoffthecrocodileatonce,pickedupabigstoneandquicklyclimbedupthetree.Thecrocodilewaitedandwaited.Ashewaswaiting,hesuddenlyheardavoicefromabove:“Hey,Crocodile!”Thecrocodilelookedup.Themonkeywashangingfromthetreebyhistailandlaughing.“Here’smyheart.Comeupandgetit.Don’tkeepyourmotherwaiting…Youcan’tcomeup?Well,catch!”Withthesewords,hethrewthebigstoneatthecrocodile.GRAMMAR（语法）过去进行时(ThePastContinuousTense)1、过去进行时由“was(were)+现在分词”构成。2、过去进行时的用法：表示在过去某一时刻或某一段时间正在进行的动作。这一特定的过去时间，除有上下文暗示以外，一般用时间状语来表示。如：A:Whatwereyoudoingthistimeyesterday?B:Wewerecleaningtheclassroom.Mumwasdoingsomewashingyesterdayevening.TheteacherwastalkingtosomeparentswhenIsawher.3、一般过去时与过去进行时用法比较：一般过去时表示在过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态，而过去进行时则表示过去某个时间正在进行的动作。如：Marywrotealettertoherfriendlastnight.玛丽昨晚给她的朋友写了封信。（信写完了）Marywaswritingalettertoherfriendlastnight.玛丽昨晚一直在给她的朋友写信。（信不一定写完）DRILLS（句型练习）LESSON4WhendidyougogotheChildre’snPalace?IwentthereafterIfinishedmyhomework.toAA:Wasyesterday?rainingwhenyoucameitwhenschoolwasoverschoolwhenyoutookyourgrandmothertothehospitalB:Yes,itwas.Itwasraininghard.（No,itwasn’t.Butthegroundwasquitewet）BA:Wheredidyourbrotherstudybeforehebecameanartist?beforehewenttocollege?beforehejoinedthearmy?B:HestudiedattheNo.2MiddleSchool.CA:Whendidyougotobedlastnight?B:IwenttobedatabouttenafterIdidmyhomework.afterIwrotealettertomygrandfather.aftertheTVplaywasoverTEXT（课文）IT’SUNFAIRJennywasagoodgirl,butshehadoneshortcoming.Shewasoftenlateforschool.Onemorningwhenshecameinlate,MrBlack,herteacher,gotangry.“I’llwritetoyourfatherifyouaren’thereontimetomorrow,”hetoldher.Jennydidn’twanthimtodothatbecauseherparentswereverystrictwithher.Thenextdayshegotupveryearlyandwenttoschoolwithoutbreakfast.Whenthebellrang,shewaswaitinginherseat.Thedooropenedandtheteachercamein.Butitwasn’tMrBlack.ItwasMissGreen.MrBlackwasill,soshewastakinghisclassinstead.HowdisappointedJennywas!ThenextmorningJennygotupevenearlier.Afteraquickbreakfastshehurriedtoschool.Justbeforeshegottoschoolgate,shestopped.Therewasawalletlyingontheground.Shepickeditup.“Whoseisthis?”shewondered.Asshestoodthere,sheheardthefirstbell.“WhatshallIdo?”sheaskedherself.“I’llturnitinfirst,”shedecided.Andsoshedid.Whenshehurriedintoherclassroom,MrBlackwasalreadybeginninghislesson.“JennyWhite,”hesaidassoonashesawher“.Didn’tItellyoutobehereontime?”(Tobecontinued)GRAMMAR（语法）句子的类型(TypesofSentences)1、简单句(TheSimpleSentence)由一个主语（或并列主语）和一个谓语（或并列谓语）构成的句子叫简单句。如：Igetupatsixinthemorning.MysisterandIgotoschooltogether.2、并列句(TheCompoundSentence)由并列连词(如and,so,but,yet,or等)把两个或两个以上的简单句连在一起而构成的句子叫并列句。如：Ihelphimandhehelpsme.MrBlackwasill,soshewastakinghisclassinstead.ZhangYinglikesEnglish,butheneedshelp.Youcandrawagoodhorseinfiveminutes,yetyoukeptmewaitingforayear.3、复合句(TheComplexSentence)由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成的句子叫复合句。例如：I’lltellhimassoonasIseehim.(状语从句)Whenthecrocodilecameupagain,themonkeywasallwet.(状语从句)I’llgotoseeyouifIhavetime.(状语从句)Ithinkyoucanfindhimathome.(宾语从句)DRILLS（句型练习）LESSON5Willyougowithmetothezoothisafternoon?Yes,Iwilliftherainstops.AA:WillyoupleasegivethisnotetoTom?B:Certainly.I’llgiveittohimassoonashecomesback.assoonasIseehim.assoonasschoolisover.(Sorry,Iwon’tbeabletoseehimtoday.)BA:Willyougowithmetothecinemathisafternoon?B:Yes,IwillifI’mfine.ifmymotherletsme.ifwedon’thaveanyhomework.CA:Willtheswimmingpoolbeopentoday?B:No,itwon’t.A:Whynot?B:Becausethey’recleaningthepool.they’rechangingthewater.they’remakingrepairs.TEXT（课文）IT’SUNFAIR(Continued)“I’msorry,sir,”Jennytriedtoexplain.“IwaslatebecauseIhadto….”“Iwillnotlistentoanyexcuse”,MrBlackstoppedher.“Ifyoucan’tgethereontime,I’llhavetowritetoyourfather.”“ButMrBlack,that’s…that’sunfair!”“Unfair!Howdareyousaythat?”MrBlacksaidangrily.“I’llreportyoutotheheadmaster!”“Iwasonlytryingtodoagooddeed,”Jennythought,“andnow….”Shecouldn’tkeepbackhertears.Assoonasthebellrangforthebreak,thedooropenedandincameMrSmith,theheadmaster.Hewasholdingawalletinhishand.“Excuseme,MrBlack,”hesaid,“butisthiswalletyours?”it.”“Why,yes.Itismine”.MrBlackwassurprised.“Ididn’tknowIlost“Oneofourgirlsfounditandturneditinjustbeforeschoolstarted,”MrSmithsaid.“Oh?Whowasit?”MrBlackasked.“Imustthankher.”“ItwasJennyWhite.”MrBlack’sfaceslowlyturnedred.HelookedatJennyandsaid,“I’mverysorry,Jenny.ItakebackwhatIsaid.”“AndI’msorry,MrBlack.I’lltrynotbelateagain,”Jennysaid.GRAMMAR（语法）状语从句(TheAdverbialClause)在复合句中修饰主句中的动词、形容词或副词等的从句叫做状语从句。状语从句根据它表达的意思的不同可分为时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、让步、比较（或：方式）和条件等类。1、时间状语从句由when,before,after,assoonas,as等连词引导。Wasitrainingwhenyoucametoschoolyesterday?Wheredidyourbrotherstudybeforehejoinedthearmy?IwenttobedaftertheTVplaywasover.I’llgivethenotetohimassoonasIseehim.Asthecrocodilewaswaiting,hesuddenlyheardavoicefromabove.2、条件状语从句由if等连词引导I’llgowithyoutothecinemathisafternoonifI’mfree.3、原因状语从句由because等连词引导。Theswimmingpoolwon’tbeopentodaybecausethey’rechangingthewater.4、比较（或：方式）状语从句由than,as…as,notas(so)…as等引导。Theearthisbiggerthanthemoon(is).Thisstoryisasinterestingasthatone(is).BettyisnotastallasRose(is).LESSON6TEXT（课文）THERAILSSINGThisstoryisaboutabrightboyinasmallvillageinEurope.Heworkedinatownfaraway.Everydayhewenttherebytrain.Inthosedays,trainsranveryslowly.Fewpeoplelikedtakingtrains.Butthisboydidn’tmindbecauseheenjoyedlisteningtotheclick,clickoftherails.Oneeveningafterwork,theboywasgoinghomeonthetrain.Hesatinhisseatquietly.Hewaslisteningtotheclickoftherails.Suddenlytherewasabreakinthesingingoftherails.“Somethingiswrong,”saidtheboytohimself.Hestoodup.“Stopthetrain!”hecried.“Somethingiswrongwiththatboy,”someonesaid.Onemanshoutedattheboy,“Bequiet,boy!What’sthematterwithyou?”Anothermansaid,“Don’tbefoolish,boy!”Buttheboywouldnotbequiet.“Stopthetrain!Stopthetrain!There’sdangerahead!”hecried.Hewenttolookfortheconductorofthetrain.“Conductor,”hesaidwhenhefoundtheman.“Pleaselistentotheclickoftherails.Somethingiswrong.”Theconductorlistened.Thenhesaid,“You’requiteright,boy.Wemuststopthetrain.”Thetrainstopped.Theconductorgotoffandcheckedtherails.Whenhegotonthetrainagain,hesaidtotheothers,“Theboywasright.There’ssomethingwrongwithoneoftherailsaboutthirtymetresahead.Hesavedourlives.”Thisboylaterbecameamusician.Manypeoplelikehismusic.Whenyoulistentooneofhispieces,youcanhearclick,click,click.Itsoundslikethesingingofrails.LESSON8DRILLS（句型练习）Here,haveanapple.No,thanks.I’vejusthadone.AA:Whenareyougoingtorenewthebook?postthephotos?visitthefarm?B:I’vealreadyrenewthebook.postthephotos.visitedthefarm.BA:Haveyoureturnedthebook?borrowedanyEnglishmagazines?boughtanEnglish-Chinesedictionary?B:Yes,Ihave.I’vejustreturnedit.borrowedone.boughtone.CA:HasPeterseenthedoctor?HasJennyHavetheyB:No,hehasn’t.Buthe’sgoingtoseehimthisafternoon.shehasn’t.she’stheyhaven’t.they’reDIALOGUE（对话）WHAT’SWRONGWITHTOM?Tomwasveryquietthismorning.Hesaidhefeelsick.“Oh,ooh!Ifeelterrible,”hesaid.“Mum,Ican’tgotoschooltoday”.tookhimtoseethedoctor.(Atthedoctor’s)Mother:Goodmorning,Doctor.SohismotherDoctor:Goodmorning,MrsBrown.Goodmorning,Tom.What’syourtrouble,youngman?Tom:I…I’vegotaheadacheand…(Beginstocough.)M:Why,Tom,you’recoughingtoo!T:Ooh…Ifeelterrible!D:Haveyoutakenhistemperature?M:Yes.Ihave.Hehasn’tgotafever.D:Tom,openyourmouthandsay“ahh”.T:Ahh!D(toTom’smother):Howlonghashebeenlikethis?M:Eversincethismorning.D:Hashehadanythingtoeat?M:He’shadsomebread,twoeggs,aglassofmilkandanorange.D:Didyougivehimanymedicine?M:No.Hehasn’thadanymedicine.D:Mmm.Howareyoufeelingnow,youngman?T:Verybad,Doctor.Infact,Ifeelevenworse,Ooh!Ooh!IthinkI’mgoingtodie.D:Die!Youwon’tdie,Tom.You’llbeallrightsoon.M:Soit’snothingserious,Doctor?D:No.Yoursonwillbeallrightbysuppertime.Tom’stroubleisverycommontoboysthesedays.Itcomesandgoesveryquickly.M:ButIdon’tunderstand,Doctor.D:Thisafternoon,thebiggestfootballgameoftheyearwillbeonTV.IfyoursongfeelswellenoughtowatchTVbythen,he’llbefineafterthegame.Youwaitandsee.M:Oh,Isee!Thankyouverymuch,Doctor.Comealong,Tom.D:Goodbye!DRILLS（句型练习）LESSON9Howmanyphotoshaveyoutaken?Twelve.AA:Whatareyoudoing?B:I’mreadingSnow-whiteandRose-red.doingmygeographyexercises.makingpaperflowers.A:Howmanypageshaveyouread?exercisesdone?flowersmade?B:Five.BA:Hastheplanearrived?theshipleft?thetraingone?B:Yes,ithas.A:Whendiditarrive?leave?go?B:Halfanhourago.TEXT（课文）IHAVESUNGALREADYOncearichwomaninvitedMartinBrown,afamoussinger,toherhouse.Shewantedhimtosingforherfriends.Butshedid’ntinvitehimtohavedinnerwiththem.Shetoldhimtoeatdownstairswiththeservants.Thesingerwassurprised.Buthesaidnothingandwentdownstairs.Afterthemealhestoodupandsaidtotheservants:“Now,mygoodfriends,Ishallsingforyou.”Ofcourse,theservantswerequitepleased.Hesangthemseveralsongs.Therewasnopianointheroom,buthedidn’tmind.Whentheyaskedformore,hesangmore.Atnineo’clocktherichwomanaskedthesingertocomeuptothesitting-room.Whenhecameintheguestswereallseatedandwaitingfortheconcert.“Wearereadynow,MrBrown”,saidthewoman,“youmaybegin.”“Readyforwhat?”askedthesinger.“Foryoursongsofcourse,”sheanswered.“ButIhavesungalready”,oneevening.”saidMrBrown,“andIcan’tsingtwicein“Youhavesungalready!”saidtherichwomaninsurprise.“Butwhen?Andwheredidyousing?”“Justnow,downstairs.”“Impossible!”shecried.“Butit’squitetrue,madam,”saidthesinger.“IsangforthepeopleafterIhadsupperwiththem,youknow.”Andwithapolite“Goodnight”,helefttherichwoman’shouse.LESSON10DRILLS（句型练习）HowlonghasMrSmithtaughtinHangzhou?Forhalfayear.AA:WhendidyougettoknowJack?begintolearnEnglish?cometothisschool?B:Theyearbeforelast.A:Thenyou’veknowneachotherforabouttwoyears.learnedEnglishbeenhereB:That’sright.BA:Howlonghasyouruncletaughtinthatvillage?livedinthatstreet?workedonthatfarm?B:He’staughttheresince1965livedhecametothiscity.workedheleftthearmy.TEXT（课文）DearPeter,ANAUSTRALIANBOYINBEIJING809WestChang’anStreetBeijing,ChinaDecember21st,1983I’vebeenhereinBeijingforhalfayearnow.BeijingisinthenorthofChina,soit’squitecoldinwinter.Ithasjustsnowedtwicehere.I’mgoingtohavethefirst“WhiteChristmas”inmylife!It’shardtobelieve,isn’tit----sowarminAustraliaandsocoldhere?Thankyouforthewonderfulstamp!I’vecollectedoverthreehundredChinesestampssinceIcamehere.I’msendingsomeMonkeyKingstampstoyou.Ithinkyouwilllikethem.Nowtoanswersomeofyourquestions.Yes,I’mlearningChinese.Chineseisquiteadifficultlanguageforme.LasttimeMumaskedforsomequiltsinashop.Theyshowedhersomecups.DadandIhadagoodlaughoverthat.I’velearnedaboutfivehundredChinesewords.IcanevenwritealittleChinesenow.HaveyoulookedatthewordsontheChristmascard?Iwrotethemmyself!No,I’mnotswimming.Instead,I’mlearningtoskateonrealice!I’vehadsomanyfallsthatI’mblackandblueallover.ButI’mlearningfast.I’vetraveledtoseveralplacesinSouthChinawithMumandDadsincewecametoChina.I’veseenalotofinterestingthings.I’vemadequiteafewgoodfriends,too.Ihavetofinishthisletternow.AskUncleJohnandAuntAlicetobringyou,too,whentheycomeinAugust.We’llhaveagoodtimetogetherthen.Yours,MikeGRAMMAR（语法）现在完成时(ThePresentPerfectTence)(Ⅰ)1、现在完成时的构成助动词have(has)+过去分词(规则动词的过去分词的构成与动词过去式相同。不规则动词的过去分词见本书末《不规则动词表》2、现在完成时的基本概念和用法表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果，如：Ihavealreadypostedthephotos.我已经把照片邮寄了。（“邮寄”是过去发生的动作，对现在造成的结果是“照片不在我这里”。）表示过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态，往往和表示一段时间的状语连用，如：HehaslearnedEnglishforabouttwoyear.sTheyhavelivedinBeijingsince1980.和现在完成时连用的时间状语现在完成时属于现在时态范围，因而不能喝表示过去时间的状语连用，如yesterday，lastweek，threeyearsago，in1960等，但可以和already，never（从来没有），ever，just，yet等状语连用，如：Hehasalreadydonehisexercises.Ihaven’tlearnedthewordyet.现在完成时还可以和表示从过去某时刻延续到现在（包括“现在”在内）的一段时间的状语连用，象today，thesedays，since…，foralongtime等。例如：Haveyouseenherthesedays?Wehavelivedinthatstreetforalongtime.Hehastaughtatthisschoolsince1965.DRILLS（句型练习）LESSON11HaveyoueverbeentoAmerica?No,never.AA:Yourbrotherisasolider,isn’the?aLeaguemember,inGuangzhou,inEngland,B:Yes,heis.A:howlonghashebeenasolider?aLeaguemember?there?there?B:Forabouttwomonths.BA:HaveyoueverbeentotheGreatWall?Xi’an?England?B:No,never.Whataboutyou?A:Yes,Ihave.B:Howmanytimeshaveyoubeenthere?A:Onlyonce.TEXT（课文）THEPIANOCONCERTAyoungwomaninasmallGermantownwasgoingtogiveapianoconcert.HerposterssaidshewasapupilofFranzLiszt,thegreatHungarianpianist.Thiswasnottrue.OnedaythewomanlearnedthatLiszthimselfwasintown.Nowpeoplewouldfindoutandshewouldneverbeabletogiveaconcertagain.Whatshouldshedo?Finallyshewenttoseethefamousmanhimself.Shetoldhimeverything.Herparentsweredeadandshewasalone.Shehadtomakealiving.Shedecidedtogivepianolessonstorichchildren.Butwhowouldsendtheirchildrentoanunknownyoungwoman?SoshetoldpeopleFranzLisztwasherteacher.“Ibelieveyou,”Lisztsaid.“You’vedonewrong,butIcanseeyouaretrulysorryaboutit.That’senough.Nowletmehearyouplay.”Theyoungwomanwasshyatfirst.ButthenshesawLisztsmiling.Itmadeherfeelbetter.Nowshewasn’tafraidanymore.Shestartedplaying.Sheputherheartintoitandsheplayedwonderfully.Lisztwasquitepleased.Whenshefinished,sheturnedtolookatLiszt.Therewasasmileonhisface.Shecouldseehewaspleased.ThenLisztgavehersomeadvice.Afterhefinished,hesaid,“Nowyoureallyaremypupil.Goaheadwithyourconcert.Andyoucanaddanotetotheposters.Saythatyourteacherhimselfwillbethere.Hewillplaythelastpiece.”LESSON12DRILLS（句型练习）Where’sMum?She’sgonetothebank.AA:Wherehaveyoubeen?B:I’vejustbeentothelibrary.Didanybodyaskforme?theLeagueoffice.thereading-room.A:Yes,LiPingdid.Hewantedhisbookback.BA:Where’sWeiFang?B:She’sgonetotheshop.thepostoffice.theplayground.A:Pleasetellhertocometotheteachers’officeassoonasshecomesback.B:Allright.I’lldothat.TEXT（课文）THEUNIVERSEANDMAN-MADESATELLITESWhenwetalkabouttheuniverse,wemeannotonlytheearth,thesun,themoonandthestars,butalsoallthethingstoofarawaytosee.Inthepastfiftyyearsorso,scientistshavebeenableto“see”fartherandfartherintothesky.Theyhavefoundmany“new”stars.Thosestarsarenotreallynew.Theyhavebeentheremillionsofyears.Ofallthestarsthesunisthenearesttotheearth.Millionsofotherstarsareevenbiggerandbrighterthanthesun.theylooksmallonlybecausetheyaremuchfartheraway.Youca’ntseetheminthedaytime.Butifyougooutatnight,you