2021英语六级仔细阅读真题及答案(卷二)

2021英语六级仔细阅读真题及答案（卷二）Facingwatershortagesandescalatingfertilizercosts,farmersindevelopingcountriesareusingrawsewage下水道污水toirrigateandfertilizenearly49millionacresofcropland,accordingtoanewreport-anditmaynotbeabedthing.Whilethepracticecarriesserioushealthrisksformany,thosedangersareoutweighedbythesocialandeconomicgainsforpoorurbanfarmersandconsumerswhoneedaffordablefood."Thereisalargepotentialforwastewateragriculturetobothhelpandhurtgreatnumbersofurbanconsumers,"saidLiqaRaschid-Sally,wholedthestudy.Thereportfocusedonpoorurbanareas,wherefarmsinornearcitiessupplyrelativelyinexpensivefood.Mostoftheseoperationsdrawirrigationwaterfromlocalriversorlakes.Unlikedevelopedcities,however,theseareaslackadvancedwater-treatmentfacilities,andriverseffectivelybecomesewers.下水道Whenthiswaterisusedforagriculturalirrigation,farmersriskabsorbingdisease-causingXX,asdoconsumerswhoeattheproducerawandunwashed.Nearly2.2millionpeopledieayearbecauseofdiarrhea-related与腹泻相关的diseases,accordingtoWHOstatistics.XXXthan80%ofthosecasescanbeattributedtocontantwithcontaminatedwaterandalackofXXXanitation.ButPayDrechsel,anenvironmentalscientist,arguesthatthesocialandeconomicbenefitsofusinguntreatedhumanwastetogrowfoodoutweighthehealthrisks.Thosedangerscanbeaddressedwithfarmerandconsumereducation,hesaid,whilethefreewaterandnutrientsfromhumanwastecanhelpurbanfarmersindevelopingcountriestoescapepoverty.Agricultureisawater-intensivebusiness,accountingfornearly70%ofglobalfreshwaterconsumption.Inpoor,dryregions,untreatedwastewateristheonlyviableirrigationsourcetokeepfarmersinbusiness.Insomecases,waterissoscarcethatfarmersbreakopensewagepipestransportingwastetolocalrivers.Irrigationistheprimaryagriculturaluseofhumanwasteinthedevelopingworld.Butfrequentlyuntreatedhumanwasteisusedongraincrops,whichareeventuallycooked,minimizingtheriskoftransmittingwater-bornediseases.Withfertilizerpricesjumpingnearly50%permetrictonoverthelastyearinsomeplaces,humanwasteisanattractive,andoftennecessary,alternative.Incaseswheresewagemudisused,expensivechemicalfertilizeruscanbeavoided.Themudcontainsthesamecriticalnutrients."Overlystrictstandardsoftenfail,"JamesBartram,aWHOwater-healthexpert,said."Weneedtoacceptthatfactacrossmuchoftheplanet,sowastewithlittleornotreatmentwillbeusedinagricultureforgoodreason."47.【题干】Whatdoestheauthorsayabouttheuseofrawsewageforfarming?【选项】A.Itsriskscannotbeoverestimated.B.Itshouldbeforbiddenaltogether.C.Itsbenefitsoutweighthehazardsinvolved.D.Itispollutingmillionsofacresofcropland.【答案】D【解析】48.【题干】Whatisthemainproblemcausedbytheuseofwastewaterforirrigation?【选项】A.Riversandlakesnearbywillgraduallybecomecontaminated.B.Itwilldriveproducersofchemicalfertilizersoutofbusiness.C.Farmersandconsumersmaybeaffectedbyharmfulbacteria.D.Itwillmakethefarmproducelesscompetitiveonthemarket.【答案】C【解析】49.【题干】WhatisenvironmentalscientistPayDrechsel'sattitudetowardstheuseofuntreatedhumanwasteinagriculture?【选项】A.Favorable.B.Indifferent.C.Skeptical.D.Responsible.【答案】A【解析】50.【题干】WhatdoesPayDreschselthinkoftherisksinvolvedinusinguntreatedhumanwasteforfarming?【选项】A.Theyhavebeensomewhatexaggerated.B.Theycanbedealtwiththrougheducation.C.Theywillbeminimizedwithnewtechnology.D.Theycanbeaddressedbyimprovedsanitation.【答案】B【解析】Thosedangerscanbeaddressedwithfarmerandconsumereducation,hesaid,51.【题干】WhatdowelearnaboutJamesBartram'spositionontheuseofhumanwasteforfarming?【选项】A.HeechoesPayDrechsel'sopinionontheissue.B.HechaltengesLiqaRaschid-Sally'sconclusionC.Hethinksittheonlywayoutofthecurrentfooderisis.D.Hedeemsitindispensableforcombatingglobalpoverty.【答案】A【解析】"Overlystrictstandardsoftenfail,"JamesBartram,aWHOwater-healthexpert,said."Weneedtoacceptthatfactacrossmuchoftheplanet,sowastewithlittleornotreatmentwillbeusedinagricultureforgoodreason."Thesedays,nobodyneedstocook.Familiesgrazeonhigh-cholesteroltake-awaysandmicrowavedready-meals.Cookingisanoccasionalhobbyandavehicleforcelebritychefs.Whichmakesitoddthatthekitchenhasbecometheheartofthemodernhouse,whatthegreathallwastothemedievalcastle,thekitchenistothe21st-centuryhome.Themoneyspentonkitchenshasrisenwiththeirstatus.InAmericathekitchenmarketisnowworth$170billion,fivetimesthecountry'sfilmindustry.IntheyeartoAugust2021,IKEA,aSwedishfurniturechain,soldoveronemillionkitchensworldwide.Theaveragebudgetfora"major"kitchenoverhaulin2021,calculatesRemodelingmagazing,wasastaggering$54,000,evena"minor"improvementcostonaverage$18,000.Exclusivity,morefamiliarintheworldofhighfashion,hasreachedthekitchen:Robinson&Cornish,aBritishmanufacturerofcustom-madekitchens,offersaGeorgian-styleonewhichwouldcost£145,000-155,000—excludingbuilding,plumbingandelectricalwork.Itsbigsellingpointisthatnobodyelsewillhaveit:"Youwon'tseethiskitchenanywhereelseintheword."Theelevationoftheroomthatoncebelongedonlytotheservantsforthemodemfamilytellsthestoryofacenturyofsocialchange.Rightintotheearly20thcentury,kitchensweresmoky,noisyplaces,generallylocatedunderground,ortothebackofthehouse,asfarfromlivingspaceaspossible.Thatwasasitshouldbe:kitchenswereforservants,andtheaspiringmiddleclasseswantednothingtodowiththem.Butastheworkingclassesprosperedandtheservantshortagesetin,housekeepingbecameanatterofinteresttotheeducatedclasses.OneofthepioneersofaradicalnewwayofthinkingaboutthekitchenwasCatharineEstherBeecher,sisterofHarrietBeecherStowe.InAmericanhuman'sHome、publishedin1869,theBeechersistersrecommendedascientificapproachtouseholdmanagement,designedtoenhancetheefficiencyofawoman'sworkandpromoteorder.ManycontemporaryideasaboutkitchendesigncanbetracedbacktoanotherAmerican,ChrisFrederick,whosetaboutenhancingtheefficiencyofthehousewife.Her1919work,House-Engineering:ScientificManagementintheHome,wasbasedondetailedobservationofawife'sdailyroutine.SheborrowedthePrincipleofefficiencyonthefactoryfloorandappliedmestictasksonthekitchenfloor.Frederick'scentralidea,that"stove,sinkandkitchentablemustbeplacedinsucharelationthatuselessstepsareavoidedentirely".Inspiredthefirstfullyfittedkitchen,designedinthe1920sbyMangareteSchutter.Libotsky.Itwasamodernisttriumph,andmanyelementsremaincentralfeaturesoftoday'skitchen.52.【题干】Whatdoestheauthorsayaboutthekitchenoftoday?【选项】A.Itiswherehousewivesdisplaytheircookingskills.B.Itiswherethefamilyentertainsimportantguests.C.Ithasbecomesomethingoddinamodernhouse.D.Itisregardedasthecenterofamodernhome.【答案】D【解析】Whichmakesitoddthatthekitchenhasbecometheheartofthemodernhouse,whatthegreathallwastothemedievalcastle,thekitchenistothe21st-centuryhome.53.【题干】WhydoestheGeorgian-stylekitchensellataveryhighprice?【选项】A.Itisbelievedtohavetremendousartisticvalue.B.Noduplicateistobefoundinanyotherplace.C.ItismanufacturedbyafamousBritishcompany.D.Noothermanufacturercanproduceanythinglikeit.【答案】B【解析】Itsbigsellingpointisthatnobodyelsewillhaveit:"Youwon'tseethiskitchenanywhereelseintheword."54.【题干】Whatdoesthechangeinthestatusofthekitchenreflect?【选项】A.Improvedlivingconditions.B.Technologicalprogress.C.Women'selevatedstatus.D.Socialchange.【答案】D【解析】55.【题干】WhatwastheBeechersisters'ideaofakichen?【选项】A.Aplacewherewomencouldworkmoreefficiently.B.Aplacewherehightechnologycouldbeapplied.C.Aplaceofinteresttotheeducatedpeople.D.Aplacetoexperimentwithnewideas.【答案】A【解析】theBeechersistersrecommendedascientificapproachtouseholdmanagement,designedtoenhancetheefficiencyofawoman'sworkandpromoteorder.56.【题干】Whatdowelearnabouttoday'skitchen?【选项】A.Itrepresentstherapidtechnologicaladvanceinpeople'sdailylife.B.Manyofitscentralfeaturesarenodifferentfromthoseofthe1920s.C.Ithasbeentransformedbeyondrecognition.D.Manyofitsfunctionshavechangedgreatly.【答案】B【解析】Inspiredthefirstfullyfittedkitchen,designedinthe1920sbyMangareteSchutter.Libotsky.Itwasamodernisttriumph,andmanyelementsremaincentralfeaturesoftoday'skitchen.感谢您的阅读，祝您生活愉快。