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Joint Communique of the United
States of America and the People’s
Republic of China
February 28, 1972
1.President Richard Nixon of the United States of America visited the
People’s Republic of China at the invitation of Premier Chou En-lai of the
People’s Republic of China from February 21 to February 28, 1972.
Accompanying the President were Mrs. Nixon, U.S. Secretary of State William
Rogers, Assistant to the President Dr. Henry Kissinger, and other American
officials.
2.President Nixon met with Chairman Mao Tsetung of the Communist
Party of China on February 21. The two leaders had a serious and frank
exchange of views on Sino-U.S. relations and world affairs.
3.During the visit, extensive, earnest and frank discussions were held
between President Nixon and Premier Chou En-lai on the normalization of
relations between the United States of America and the People’s Republic of
China, as well as on other matters of interest to both sides. In addition,
Secretary of State William Rogers and Foreign Minister Chi Peng-fei held talks
in the same spirit.
4.President Nixon and his party visited Peking and viewed cultural,
industrial and agricultural sites, and they also toured Hangchow and Shanghai
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where, continuing discussions with Chinese leaders, they viewed similar
places of interest.
5.The leaders of the People’s Republic of China and the United States of
America found it beneficial to have this opportunity, after so many years
without contact, to present candidly to one another their views on a variety of
issues. They reviewed the international situation in which important changes
and great upheavals are taking place and expounded their respective positions
and attitudes.
6.The Chinese side stated: Wherever there is oppression, there is
resistance. Countries want independence, nations want liberation and the
people want revolution——this has become the irresistible trend of history. All
nations, big or small, should be equal: big nations should not bully the small
and strong nations should not bully the weak. China will never be a
superpower and it opposes hegemony and power politics of any kind. The
Chinese side stated that it firmly supports the struggles of all the oppressed
people and nations for freedom and liberation and that the people of all
countries have the right to choose their social systems according their own
wishes and the right to safeguard the independence, sovereignty and
territorial integrity of their own countries and oppose foreign aggression,
interference, control and subversion. All foreign troops should be withdrawn
to their own countries. The Chinese side expressed its firm support to the
peoples of Viet Nam, Laos and Cambodia in their efforts for the attainment of
their goal and its firm support to the seven-point proposal of the Provisional
Revolutionary Government of the Republic of South Viet Nam and the
elaboration of February this year on the two key problems in the proposal, and
to the Joint Declaration of the Summit Conference of the Indochinese Peoples.
It firmly supports the eight-point program for the peaceful unification of
Korea put forward by the Government of the Democratic People’s Republic of
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Korea on April 12, 1971, and the stand for the abolition of the ―U.N.
Commission for the Unification and Rehabilitation of Korea‖. It firmly
opposes the revival and outward expansion of Japanese militarism and firmly
supports the Japanese people’s desire to build an independent, democratic,
peaceful and neutral Japan. It firmly maintains that India and Pakistan
should, in accor- dance with the United Nations resolutions on the Indo-
Pakistan question, immediately withdraw all their forces to their respective
territories and to their own sides of the ceasefire line in Jammu and Kashmir
and firmly supports the Pakistan Government and people in their struggle to
preserve their independence and sovereignty and the people of Jammu and
Kashmir in their struggle for the right of self-determination.
7.The U.S. side stated: Peace in Asia and peace in the world requires
efforts both to reduce immediate tensions and to eliminate the basic causes of
con- flict. The United States will work for a just and secure peace: just,
because it fulfills the aspira- tions of peoples and nations for freedom and
progress; secure, because it removes the danger of foreign ag- gression. The
United States supports individual free- dom and social progress for all the
peoples of the world, free of outside pressure or intervention. The United
States believes that the effort to reduce ten- sions is served by improving
communication between countries that have different ideologies so as to
lessen the risks of confrontation through accident, miscalculation or
misunderstanding. Countries should treat each other with mutual respect and
be willing to compete peacefully, letting performance be the ulti- mate judge.
No country should claim infallibility and each country should be prepared to
re-examine its own attitudes for the common good. The United States stressed
that the peoples of Indochina should be al- lowed to determine their destiny
without outside in- tervention; its constant primary objective has been a
negotiated solution; the eight-point proposal put forward by the Republic of
Viet Nam and the United States on January 27, 1972 represents a basis for the
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attainment of that objective; in the absence of a negotiated settlement the
United States envisages the ultimate withdrawal of all U.S. forces from the
region consistent with the aim of self-determination for each country of
Indochina. The United States will maintain its close ties with and support for
the Republic of Korea; the United States will support efforts of the Republic of
Korea to seek a relaxation of tension and increased communication in the
Korean peninsula. The United States places the highest value on its friendly
relations with Japan; it will continue to develop the existing close bonds.
Consistent with the United Nations Security Council Resolution of december
21, 1971, the United States favors the continuation of the ceasefire between
India and Pakistan and the withdraw- al of all military forces to within their
own territo- ries and to their own sides of the ceasefire line in Jammu and
Kashmir; the United States supports the right of the peoples of South Asia to
shape their own future in peace, free of military threat, and without having the
area become the subject of great power rivalry.
8.There are essential differences between China and the United States in
their social systems and foreign policies. However, the two sides agreed that
coun- tries, regardless of their social systems, should conduct their relations
on the principles of respect for the sovereignty and territorial integrity of all
states, non-aggression against other states, non-in- terference in the internal
affairs of other states, equality and mutual benefit, and peaceful coexistence.
International disputes should be settled on this basis, without resorting to the
use or threat of force. The United States and the People’s Republic of China
are prepared to apply these principles to their mutual relations.
9.With these principles of international relations in mind the two sides
stated that:
o progress toward the normalization of relations between China and
the United States is in the inter- ests of all countries
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o both wish to reduce the danger of international military conflict
o neither should seek hegemony in the Asia-Pacif- ic region and each
is opposed to efforts by any other country or group of countries to establish
such hege- mony
o neither is prepared to negotiate on behalf of any third party or to
enter into agreements or under- standings with the other directed at other
states.
10.Both sides are of the view that it would be against the interests of the
peoples of the world for any major country to collude with another against
other countries, or for major countries to divide up the world into spheres of
interest.
11.The two sides reviewed the long-standing serious disputes between
China and the United States. The Chinese side reaffirmed its position: the
Taiwan question is the crucial question obstructing the nor- malization of
relations between China and the United States; the Government of the
People’s Republic of China is the sole legal government of China; Taiwan is a
province of China which has long been returned to the motherland; the
liberation of Taiwan is China’s internal affair in which no other country has
the right to interfere; and all U.S. forces and military installations must be
withdrawn from Taiwan. The Chinese Government firmly opposes any
activities which aim at the creation of ―one China, one Taiwan‖, ―one China,
two governments‖, ―two Chinas‖, an ―independent Taiwan‖ or advocate that
―the status of Taiwan remains to be determined‖.
12.The U.S. side declared: The United States ac- knowledges that all
Chinese on either side of the Taiwan Strait maintain there is but one China
and that Taiwan is a part of China. The United States Govern- ment does not
challenge that position. It reaffirms its interest in a peaceful settlement of the
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Taiwan question by the Chinese themselves. With this pros- pect in mind, it
affirms the ultimate objective of the withdrawal of all U.S. forces and military
installa- tions from Taiwan. In the meantime, it will progres- sively reduce its
forces and military installations on Taiwan as the tension in the area
diminishes. The two sides agreed that it is desirable to broaden the
understanding between the two peoples. To this end, they discussed specific
areas in such fields as science, technology, culture, sports and journal- ism, in
which people-to-people contacts and exchanges would be mutually beneficial.
Each side undertakes to facilitate the further development of such contacts
and exchanges.
13.Both sides view bilateral trade as another area from which mutual
benefit can be derived, and agreed that economic relations based on equality
and mutual benefit are in the interest of the peoples of the two countries. They
agree to facilitate the progressive development of trade between their two
countries.
14.The two sides agreed that they will stay in con- tact through various
channels, including the sending of a senior U.S. representative to Peking from
time to time for concrete consultations to further the normal- ization of
relations between the two countries and continue to exchange views on issues
of common inter- est.
15.The two sides expressed the hope that the gains achieved during this
visit would open up new prospects for the relations between the two countries.
They believe that the normalization of relations between the two countries is
not only in the interest of the Chinese and American peoples but also
contributes to the relaxation of tension in Asia and the world.
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16.President Nixon, Mrs. Nixon and the American party expressed their
appreciation for the gracious hospitality shown them by the Government and
people of the People’s Republic of China.
Joint Communique of the United States of America and the
People’s Republic of China
January 1, 1979
(The communique was released on December 15, 1978, in Washington and
Beijing.)
The United States of America and the People’s Republic of China have
agreed to recognize each other and to establish diplomatic relations as of
January 1, 1979.
1.The United States of America recognizes the Government of the People’s
Republic of China as the sole legal Government of China. Within this context,
the people of the United States will maintain cultural, commercial, and other
unofficial relations with the people of Taiwan.
2.The United States of America and the People’s Republic of China
reaffirm the principles agreed on by the two sides in the Shanghai
Communique and emphasize once again that:
3.Both wish to reduce the danger of international military conflict.
4.Neither should seek hegemony in the Asia-Pacific region or in any other
region of the world and each is opposed to efforts by any other country or
group of countries to establish such hegemony.
5.Neither is prepared to negotiate on behalf of any third party or to enter
into agreements or understandings with the other directed at other states.
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6.The Government of the United States of America acknowledges the
Chinese position that there is but one China and Taiwan is part of China.
7.Both believe that normalization of Sino-American relations is not only
in the interest of the Chinese and American peoples but also contributes to the
cause of peace in Asia and the world.
The United States of America and the People’s Republic of China will
exchange Ambassadors and establish Embassies on March 1, 1979.
Joint Communique of the United States of America and the
People’s Republic of China
August 17, 1982
1.In the Joint Communique on the Establishment of Diplomatic Relations
on January 1, 1979, issued by the Government of the United States of America
and the People’s Republic of China, the United States of America recognized
the Government of the People’s Republic of China as the sole legal
Government of China, and it acknowledged the Chinese position that there is
but one China and Taiwan is part of China. Within that context, the two sides
agreed that the people of the United States would continue to maintain
cultural, commercial, and other unofficial relations with the people of Taiwan.
On this basis, relations between the United States and China were normalized.
2.The question of United States arms sales to Taiwan was not settled in
the course of negotiations between the two countries on establishing
diplomatic relations. The two sides held differing positions, and the Chinese
side stated that it would raise the issue again following normalization.
Recognizing that this issue would seriously hamper the development of United
States – China relations, they have held further discussions on it, during and
since the meetings between President Ronald Reagan and Premier Zhao
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Ziyang and between Secretary of State Alexander M. Haig, Jr. and Vice
Premier and Foreign Minister Huang Hua in October 1981.
3.Respect for each other’s sovereignty and territorial integrity and
non-interference in each other’s internal affairs constitute the fundamental
principles guiding United States China relations. These principles were
confirmed in the Shanghai Communique of February28, 1972 and reaffirmed
in the Joint Communique on the Establishment Of Diplomatic Relations
which came into effect on January 1, 1979. Both sides emphatically state that
these principles continue to govern all aspects of their relations.
4.The Chinese Government reiterates that the question of Taiwan is
China’s internal affair. The Message to Compatriots in Taiwan issued by China
on January 1, 1979promulgated a fundamental policy of striving for peaceful
reunification of the motherland. The Nine-Point Proposal put forward by
China on September 30, 1981 represented a further major effort under this
fundamental policy to strive for a peaceful solution to the Taiwan question.
5.The United States Government attaches great importance to its
relations with China, and reiterates that it has no intention of infringing on
Chinese sovereignty and territorial integrity, or interfering in China’s internal
affairs, or pursuing a policy of ―two Chinas‖ or ―one China, one Taiwan.‖ The
United States Government understands and appreciates the Chinese policy of
striving for a peaceful resolution of the Taiwan question as indicated in
China’s Message to Compatriots in Taiwan issued on January 1, 1979 and the
Nine-Point Proposal put forward by China on September 30, 1981. The new
situation which has emerged with regard to the Taiwan question also provides
favorable conditions for the settlement of United States – China differences
over United States arms sales to Taiwan. Having in mind the foregoing
statements of both sides, the United States Government states that it does not
seek to carry out a long-term policy of arms sales to Taiwan, that its arms sales
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to Taiwan will not exceed, either in qualitative or in quantitative terms, the
level of those supplied in recent years since the establishment of diplomatic
relations between the United States and China, and that it intends gradually to
reduce its sale of arms to Taiwan, leading, over a period of time, to a final
resolution. In so stating, the United States acknowledges China’s consistent
position regarding the thorough settlement of this issue.
6.In order to bring about, over a period of time, a final settlement of the
question of United States arms sales to Taiwan, which is an issue rooted in
history, the two Governments will make every effort to adopt measures and
create conditions conducive to the thorough settlement of this issue.
7.The development of United States – China relations is not only in the
interests of the two peoples but also conducive to peace and stability in the
world. The two sides are determined, on the principle of equality and mutual
benefit, to strengthen their ties in the economic, cultural, educational,
scientific, technological and other fields and make strong, joint efforts for the
continued development of relations between the Government sand peoples of
the United States and China.
8.In order to bring about the healthy development of United States -
China relations, maintain world peace and oppose aggression and expansion,
the two Governments reaffirm the principles agreed on by the two sides in the
Shanghai Communique and the Joint Communique on the Establishment of
Diplomatic Relations. The two sides will maintain contact and hold
appropriate consultations on bilateral and international issues of common
interest.