247-网院大学英语一级面授辅导

247-网院大学英语一级面授辅导 网院大学英语一级面授辅导 第七、八单元 2001-07-14 Tutorial Lectures on College English (1) Units 7—8, Book 1 2001.7.14. Part I Intensive Reading The Major Points I. A Brief Introduction to the Text II. Words & Expressions III. Cloze / Reading And Memorizing Unit 7 The Sampler I. A Brief Introduction to the Text One day, in a certain store, an old gentleman limped up to the counter and, having accepted the spoon offered by a shop girl, began to sample the puddings one after another. He acted as if he were planning to buy one. Since his little black figure seemed pitiful amidst the Christmas shoppers, in a burst of benevolence, I went up to him and offered to buy him a pudding. To my amazement, he was very much shocked and hurt. To save his honour, he bought one of the largest and most expensive of the puddings in the shop with all the shillings and pennies he had. After the event, he never came back to the store again. I wish I had not said such tactless words to him. II. Words & Expressions 1. advantage n. sth. useful or helpful; sth. likely to bring success 利益、好处、优点 ---This method has at least three advantages: quickness, convenience and reliability (可靠). ---It would be of no advantage to us if we stuck to the old concept. ---The teacher asked us to write about the advantages and disadvantages of living in the country. gain / have an advantage over sb. 比某人有优势 ---I had already lived in France for a year, and this gave me a big advantage over the other students when I began learning French. ---As a scientist I have a slight advantage over him in using computers. 1 2. afford vt. be able to do, spend, buy, bear etc. especially without serious loss or damage 负担得起 (费用, 时间, 损失等) ---I can’t afford so much money to buy a fashionable bike. I can’t afford watching TV every night because I have to spend much time --- on my computer course. ---He was envious of his sister because she could afford to pay such a price for the house. 3. elderly a. old (a polite way to talk about old people) 上了年纪的; 年岁大的; 年长的 ---The elderly people are taken very good care of in this village. ---Mr. Howard is getting elderly now and can’t walk very fast. ---Do you know what the elderly woman came to consult him about yesterday? 4. intention n. a determination to act in a certain way 目的; 意向; 意图 ---Her intention was to help you but you misunderstood her. ---He was suspicious of the government's intentions. have (no) intention of (doing) sth.: (do not) have an idea or plan to do sth. (不) 打算干某事 ---She had no intention of spending the rest of her life working as a waitress. ---I have no intention of cheating you. 5. suspect vt. feel doubt about; guess or suppose 怀疑;猜测 ---I suspect him of giving false information. ---We suspect him to be ill, otherwise he would have come to the party. ---We suspected that he had lost his way in the wood. n. a person who is suspected of guilt, esp. in a crime 嫌疑犯 ---The police have arrested two suspects. ---Last week a suspect for the murder was arrested. 6. to one’s taste to one’s liking or preference 合某人的口味;合某人心意 ---Your opinion is just to my taste. 7. what’s more more important; also; more serious 更重要的是; 而且 ---The book is useful; what’s more, it is not expensive. 8. break off end abruptly; discontinue, stop 突然停止 ---The birthday party broke off because of the sudden illness of the host. 9. do sb. a favour (= do a favour for sb.) do sth. kind for sb.; do sth. to help sb. 给......以恩惠; 帮 ...... 的忙 ---Do me a favour by turning off the radio. 10. mistake (sb. or sth.) for think wrongly that (a person or thing ) is (someone or sth. else ) 认错(人或 物); 把......误认为 ---Sorry, I mistook your pen for mine. 2 III. Reading aloud and memorizing All the time it was quite evident that he sincerely believed that he might eventually buy one of these puddings, and I am positive that he did not for a moment feel that he was in any way cheating the store. Poor old chap! Probably he had come down in the world and this sampling was all that was left him from the time when he could afford to come and select his favorite pudding. Amidst the crowd of happy, prosperous looking Christmas shoppers, the little black figure of the old man seemed pitiful and out of place, and in a burst of benevolence, I went up to him and said: ―Pardon me, sir, will you do me a favor? Let me purchase you one of these puddings. It would give me such pleasure.‖ He jumped back as if he had been stung, and the blood rushed into his wrinkled face. Unit 8 You Go Your Way, I’ll Go Mine I. A Brief Introduction to the Text When the door opened, the messenger saw a beautiful Mexican woman. It was evident that she was shocked at the appearance of a messenger at her door. Studying the boy’s eyes, she immediately knew that it was not a good telegram, so when the boy extended the telegram to her, she refused to touch it. She asked the messenger in and insisted that he read her the telegram. When the boy told her that her son was dead, she pretended not to hear. After making the boy sit at the table, she brought him some candy. However, while the messenger sat chewing the dry candy, the Mexican woman suddenly broke into tears. Through the young messenger’s experience in sending a tragic telegram to an unfortunate Mexican woman whose son had lost his life in battle, we can see the true feelings of both the woman towards Homer as well as towards her son and the young messenger towards the woman. However, it was impossible for Homer to make the woman less grieved because he could neither make her dead son alive nor take the place of her son. II. Words and expressions 1. deliver vt. take things (letters, newspapers, goods, etc.) to places where they should go 交付; 递送 ---A postman is a man employed to deliver letters and parcels. ---Newspapers are delivered every day in this community but letters are not. 3 ---The store will deliver your washing-machine to your door tomorrow morning. 2. eager a. marked by strong interest or impatient desire 热切的; wanting (to do) sth. very much 渴望的 We are eager for you to give us a talk on current affairs. --- ---The majority were eager to express their opinions. ---The president is eager that the project (should) be started early. ---He found that her eyes were fixed on his with an eager expression. 3. interrupt vt. break the flow of speech or action of sb. by saying or doing sth.; disturb 打 断; 打扰 ---His speech was continuously interrupted by applause. ---Stop interrupting me; I’m trying to talk to your brother! ---She is studying for an exam tomorrow, so you’d better not interrupt her. 4. shock vt. cause unpleasant or angry surprise to (sb.) 使(某人)震惊 ---The child’s four-letter words (脏话) shocked everyone. ---What really shocked me was that no one seemed to care about the beggars. ---We were shocked to hear of Brian's death --- he was so young. 5. whoever pron. 1) anybody that (引导名词从句) 谁 ---Whoever comes will be welcome. ---We wrote a letter of thanks to whoever had helped us. 2) no matter who 无论谁; 不管谁 ---Whoever you are, you can’t pass this way. ---Whoever wins the war, there will be little peace. ---Whoever you vote for, prices will keep on rising. 6. hear of be informed or told of; have knowledge of or receive information about听到; 听说 ---I’ve heard of that company but I’ve never had dealings with it. 7. be responsible for be the cause of; be one's duty to deal with... 应对......负责; 负责 ---It was the storm that was responsible for most of the damage. 8. hold oneself in control one’s feelings 控制住(某人)的感情; 克制 ---Her words made me angry but I held myself in. 9. take the place of replace代替, 取代 ---In most offices, computers have taken the place of typewriters. 10. get (rise) to one’s feet stand up especially slowly or with difficulty 起立; 站起来 ---The little boy fell down. He glanced round quickly and then got to his feet. 4 III. Reading aloud and memorizing Now suddenly she began to sob, holding herself in as if weeping were 13a disgrace. Homer wanted to get up and run, but he knew he would stay. He even thought he might stay the rest of his life. He just didn’t know what else to do to try to make the woman less unhappy, and if she had asked him to take the place of her son, he would not have been able to refuse, because he would not have known how. He got to his feet, as if by standing he meant to begin correcting what could not be corrected and then he knew the foolishness of this intention and became more awkward than ever. In his heart he was saying over and over again, ―What can I do? What the hell can I do? I’m only the messenger.‖ Part II Focus Listening Lessons 13—16 The Major Points , Teaching Objective教学目标 , Cultural & Background Information文化背景 , Functions & Expressions功能意念及其习惯达 , Learning Strategies 学习策略 , Oral Practice 口头练习 I. Teaching Objective教学目标 , Micro-skills微技能——Distinguishing teens from tens, numbers of 3 to 4 digits, sizes and prices; Identifying liaison in connected speech; , Functions & Notions功能意念—— Apologizes & shopping , Skills技能——Listening for the general idea and the key words and expressions听对话抓大意、关键词以及习惯表达 II. Cultural & Background Information文化背景 1. Christmas: is an annual festival in memory of the birth of Jesus Christ held from Xmas Eve (Dec.24) till after New Year’s Day. It is a public holiday in many countries and is celebrated with religious services, traditional foods and various forms of merrymaking. It is the usual time for people to stay with their families and to send greetings to their friends far away. Here are some widely practiced events that take place on and around Christmas. Christmas Eve, typically four things happen on this day. 1) Midnight Mass: a holy and symbolic re-enactment(重新展现)of the sacrificial death of Jesus and the joyful celebration of his resurrection(复 5 活) into Heaven. After attending Mass many go home and open their Christmas presents. 2) Last minute shopping: it is common to see more people putting off shopping for gifts until the last minute. 3) Office parties: it is a national pastime for the workplace to throw a party at Christmas. If a business has done very well, it will distribute a Christmas bonus to all this party. 4) Placing presents under the Christmas tree: Everybody likes to get gifts and what is most delightful about Christmas is the emphasis upon giving gifts. The tradition is for the Christmas gifts to be opened until Christmas Day. If someone far away is unable to come to get the gift, the giver says something like, ―I have you under the tree and it is waiting for you.‖ Christmas music, another aspect of Christmas is the constant playing of Christmas music heard everywhere, including department stores and on the radio. The most popular songs are ―Here Comes Santa Claus‖, ―Rudolf the Red Nosed Reindeer‖, ―Jingle Bells‖, ―Silent Night‖, ―Little Town of Bethlehem‖ and ―White Christmas‖, and so on. Santa Claus, is also called St. Nick, Saint Nicolas, or Father Christmas, is portrayed as a jolly fat old man with a white beard and red suit. It is commonly assumed that Santa won’t come to a house where the children are up. This myth is, in fact, used to get the excited children into bed so that the real-life ―Santa‖ can fill the stockings with presents and put them under the tree. The Christmas tree, evolved from the fifth century Europe where people adorned trees with colored papers and silver balls to make the gods happy. People celebrating Christmas like an artificial or freshly cut tree in their house. The tree is adorned with lights and ornaments. Because the Christmas tree is felt to be part of the Christmas Spirit, trees are found everywhere, including police and fire departments, hotels, college dorm rooms and so on. III. Functions & Expressions功能意念及其习惯表达 , How to apologize and how to respond to apologies. Apologies: I’m awfully sorry. / I’m very sorry. / Oh, I’m sorry. / It’s my fault. / Sorry to trouble you. / I’m afraid I can’t … / Excuse me. / Excuse me for smoking here. / Pardon me. / Pardon me for sneezing. / (Informal) Oh, my fault. / My fault for breaking the glass. / Sorry about that. / Sorry for not phoning you. Responses: That’s (quite) all right. / It doesn’t matter. / Not at all. / It’s nothing. / Never mind. / Please don’t worry. / (Informal) Forget it. / 6 It’s ok. / No harm. / No problem. / What for? , How do you ask and tell about prices? It comes to 65 yuan, sir. / How do you sell the water melons? It costs 10 dollars. / How much do I owe you? / It’s 60 cents a piece. / How much do you charge for the bunch of flowers? / It sells for/at 3 marks per kilograms. / How much do you ask for it? / It’s priced at 80 dollars. / How much do you say it is? / It’s sold by the yard. / How much do you want for it? / Say 14 dollars. Would that suit you? / How much does it cost? / That’ll be 50 pounds. / How much shall I pay for it? The price depends on the quality. / What do you charge for it? They’re 200 dollars for a set of three. / What does it sell for? Well, the cost will come to 150 yuan. / What’s it worth? / What’s the price of the apples? / How much does it come to? / How much does the bill come to? / How much is it altogether? / How much will that be altogether? / What does it come to? , How to attend a customer: Anything I can do for you? / Are you being seen to? /served? / Are you looking for some chocolates? / Can / May I help you in any way? / Good morning, sir. Do you want to buy something here? / May I help you? / What can I do for you? / What can I show you? IV. Learning Strategies 学习策略 , Pre-listening: predict the content of a passage or dialogue according to the topic, the picture, and the choices given. , While-listening: first, grasp the main idea or the general idea of what you’re hearing; second, try to understand the sentences instead of individual words; third, take notes. , Post-listening: try to sum up the main points orally or in a written form, understand the author’s purpose, the major details, and the conclusion. Lesson 13 APOLOGIES ( I ) Part A Micro-Listening 1. Teens and tens: Do remember there is a nasal sound /n/ when we pronounce teens while there is no nasal sound /n/ when we pronounce tens. In teens the stress is on the second syllable while in tens the stress is on the first syllable. We always spell English numbers in Arabic numbers e.g.: 13 / WE:` ti:n/ 30 / `WE:ti/ 15 / fif `ti:n / 50 / `fifti / 2. Listen to me and write down numbers in the sentences you’re going to 7 hear. 1) There are 40 students in our class. 2) Please turn to page 16! 3) The color TV costs 70 dollars. 4) He was born in 1914 and died in 1990. 3. Listen to the tape and do the related exercises, paying attention to the group of sounds we’ve just read. Lesson 14 APOLOGIES ( II ) Part A Micro-Listening 1. 3–4 Digit Numbers: when we listen to 3–4 digit numbers, pay attention to the pronunciation and spelling. e.g.: 253 two hundred and fifty-three 305 three hundred and five 1,340 one thousand, three hundred and forty 4, 015 four thousand, and fifteen 2, 209 two thousand, two hundred and nine 8, 888 eight thousand, eight hundred and eighty eight 2. Now listen to me and write down the numbers you’ll hear. 1) Nile River (尼罗河)is 6,671 kilometers long. 2) There are 9,999 houses in the Palace Museum. (故宫) 3) The Red Sea (红海)is 1,764 feet deep. 4) The party cost Mary 215 dollars. 5) They have sold 830 tickets. 3. Listen to the tape and do the related exercises, paying attention to the group of sounds we’ve just read. Part B Macro-Listening Passage Sorry, I Can’t Accept It 1. Read aloud the following after me: accept service aunt Christmas Chicago Rose 2. Look at the title and picture: the title: There is a person who expresses apologies. Why? The picture: There is a woman who is reading a letter. What is in the letter? 3. Go over exercises: Linda wrote to Rose, and Rose returned a letter to Linda; pay attention to the time and what they wrote. Making Predictions: 1. The passage is a letter about apologies. Did Linda write to Rose or 8 Rose write to Linda? 2. In the passage, she may mention Chicago and Christmas. Lesson 15 SHOPPING (I) Part A Micro-Listening: 1. Sizes: generally we always use cardinal numbers to express sizes. e.g. I wear size 11. Her shoes are 36 size. But S (small), M (medium), L (large), XL (extra large) are used to make the sizes of clothing. They are usually labeled on the inside of the clothing. For other things such as comforters(被子)or quilts, pillows, sheets, mattresses, etc. King, Queen and Standard are used to refer to different sizes. 3. Prices: different countries have their own currencies, then their pronunciations and conversions are also different. e.g. China: 1 yuan = 10 jiao =100 fen U.S.A. 1 dollar = 100 cents Britain 1 pound = 100 pence Hong Kong 1Hong Kong dollar = 100 Hong Kong cents France 1 franc = 100 centimes(生丁) Germany 1 mark = 100 pfennid Macro 1 pataca = 100 avos Japan 1 yen = 100 sen Now listen to me and write down the numbers of sizes and prices. 1) I wear size 13. 2) My mother’s shoes are size 36. 3) Tom earns $400.14 one week. 4) The house Miss Smith bought last month is worth ?5,515.50 now. 5) Such a color TV costs ?1,233.57. 3. Listen to the tape and do the related exercises, paying attention to the group of sounds we’ve just read. Lesson 16 SHOPPING (II) Part A Micro-Listening 1. Liaison: 1) consonant + vowel e.g. come in / work out / first of all / not at all / stand up 2) r-linking e.g. there is / more over / far away / for instance / for an hour 3) vowel + vowel e.g. I am / she is / try it / May I? / go away / no objection 9 2. Listen to the tape and do the related exercises, paying attention to the group of sounds we’ve just read. Part B Macro-Listening Dialogue That’s a bargain 1. Read aloud the following after me bargain dollar furniture soft discount on sale 2. Look at the title and picture the title: The person is shopping. He or she thinks the price is very low. the picture: There are three persons in the picture. From the picture, we know it is a furniture store, and there are some sofa. 3. Go over exercises: Pay attention to Ex. 2. Making Predictions 1. The woman and the man are shopping in a furniture store. 2. The salesman is attending the customers. 3. The customers are choosing furniture. Pay attention to the price, the reason why they like or don’t like it. , Oral Practice 口头练习 1. You can’t go to a Christmas Party, so you make an apology to your friend. Try to find a brief explanation or an excuses. 2. Make a dialogue with your partner about the following situation: you’re inclined / not inclined to buy a TV set. Part III Fast Reading Unit7-8 (passage13-16) The major points 1. Understanding the general idea of the passages (finding the topic sentences if possible) 2. Finding proof for the choices of the exercises if necessary / according to the students’ requirement Passage 13 A Surprised Taxpayer The passage is about a misunderstanding between a careful taxpayer and a tax-collector. Check how well the students understand the passage by asking them to give proof for their choices. e.g. st1. D. Proof: in the 1 paragraph, Line 2-4. 2. C. nd3. A. Proof: in the 2 paragraph. 4. B. 10 th5. D. Proof: in the 4 paragraph, Line 1. th6. B. Proof: in the 4 paragraph, Line 2. 7. A. rd8. D. Proof: in the 3 paragraph, Line 1-2. 9. A. 10. C. Proof: Objective(客观的) Critical(批评的，挑剔的) Humorous(幽默的， 好笑的) Sympathetic(同情的) Passage14 A Message from the Battle The passage is about a pigeon that can send messages from the battle. But what it brought back is not about the attack. Check how well the students understand the passage by asking them to give proof for their choices. e.g. st1. B. Proof: in the 1 paragraph, Line 2-3. st2. A. Proof: in the 1 paragraph, Line 3-4. st3. D. Proof: in the 1 paragraph, Line 3-4. nd4. B. Proof: in the 2 paragraph, Line 2-3. rd5. C. Proof: in the 3 paragraph, Line 1. th6. B. Proof: in the 4 paragraph, Line 3-5. th7. C. Proof: in the 5 paragraph, Line 3- 4. th8. D. Proof: in the 10 paragraph. 9. A. 10. D Passage 15 Threats to Wildlife The passage is about wild life. Now animals, fishes, trees and plants are becoming smaller in number. So the author calls people’s attention to the protection of wild life. Check how well the students understand the passage by asking them to give proof for their choices. e.g. 1. D. Proof: from the main points of the passage. st2. A. Proof: in the 1 paragraph. nd3. A. Proof: in the 2 paragraph, Line 1-2. 4. C. rd5. C. Proof: in the 3 paragraph, Line 1-4. 6. A. 7. A. th8. D. Proof: in the 4 paragraph. 9. D. 10. A. 11 Passage 16 No Fish in the Lakes This passage gives us a simple introduction about the pollution. Check how well the students understand the passage by asking them to give proof for their choices. e.g. 1. B. Proof: from the general idea of the passage. st2. B. Proof: in the 1 paragraph. nd3. A. Proof: in the 2 paragraph, Line 1. nd4. B. Proof: in the 2 paragraph, Line 2-3. nd5. C. Proof: in the 2 paragraph, Line 3-4. rd6. C. Proof: in the 3 paragraph, Line 2-3. th7. A. Proof: in the 4 paragraph, Line1. th8. C. Proof: in the 5 paragraph, Line 1. 9. D. 10. A. Proof: in the last paragraph. Part IV Extensive Reading Passages 19-24 阅读策略 1(充分利用课本所提供的帮助。 (1)先读编者所撰写的导言 (2)以查阅方式利用文章前后所提供的Words to know 和Useful phrases and expressions，不宜专门预先细读。 (3)求助于脚注解决中的难点。 2(以阅读理解文章内容为主要目的。 (1)阅读的一般目的 1)We read for information. 2)We read for enjoyment. (2)重点阅读文章的第1段。 (3)注意寻读表示文章内容的主句。(一段的首句经常是主题句。) Passage 21 A Difficult Interview I. Answer the following questions: 1. What kind of person was Mr. Hummer? (Though he was an important modern painter, as people called him, he was interested neither in fame nor in gain. He regarded painting as any other jobs and all he asked in life was to be left alone to do what he liked to do without any interruption. So in the eyes of the public, he seemed a little strange and his behavior unreasonable. Only his 12 friends knew that he had a pleasant personality.) 2. Why did the journalist feel nervous when she was sent to interview Mr. Hummer? (Because she had been warned before she went that Mr. Hummer had a contradictory character. One did not know what to expect from him.) 3. What did the journalist expect from Mr. Hummer? (She expected him to speak like an important modern painter: about his artistic ideas, the importance of the job of painting, and his role in society as a painter.) 4. Why did Mr. Hummer make it such a difficult interview? (Because he did not like being famous and hated to be bothered.) II. Translation of some difficult sentences from the text 1. His friends, however, said that underneath he was charming and only outwardly seemed a little strange. (L10) (他的朋友们都说他特别内秀，只是外表上显得有些古怪。) 2. In what she hoped was a suitable voice, the girl asked him what purpose in society he fulfilled as a painter. She wanted to know whether he saw his duty as a painter to be teaching people or entertaining them. (L23) (女记者拿出恰倒好处的腔调问哈姆先生他作为画家对社会尽了什 么职责。她想了解一下他觉得一位画家的职责是通过他的作品来 教育人民还是给他们增添生活的乐趣。) 3. Painting, … was like coal-mining: it was a job which filled the space between cradle and grave, and he happened to do it quite well. (L36) (画画就好象挖煤一样，它是用来填补生与死之间这段时空的职业， 而他碰巧还算干得不错。) 13