Transition words
l Chronological Relations
now, nowadays;
when, before, after, while, during;
between… and …; in …(year); since…;
later, afterwards, earlier, formerly; from then on;
at the turn of the century (decade); in the first half of the century; in the 1990s;
at birth, in childhood, in infancy, in adolescence, as an adult, in adulthood, in old age, at death; simultaneously, simultaneous with, at the same time as, the former, the latter, previous, previously, prior to, first, second;
in the first place, in the second place;
to begin with, next, then, subsequently, in the next place;
in conclusion, finally, lastly, in the end
l Process Descriptions
first(ly), then, once, next, until, as soon as, lastly, as, at this point, before, while, at the same time, after, when
l Spatial Relationships
1) where; 2) in which, to which, from which; 3) under, over, inside, beside, on top of; 4) along, through, as far as; 5)north, northern, south, southern; 6) to the left, to the right, to the north; 7) at the back, in front, at the middle;
adjacent to 邻近的;毗邻
parallel
rectangle
corresponding to
parallel to
semicircle 半圆形
Distance
perpendicular to
垂直的;成直角的
Slope
Midpoint
plane水平;平面
Space
Interior
Opposite
Surface
Diagonal
Overlapping
Vertical 垂直的;直立;顶端
Edge
Pyramid
Horizontal水平的
limit
exterior
Intersection 交叉点;相交点
l Giving Specific Details
For example
As an illustration
For instance
In one instance
For one thing
In this instance
To illustrate
As an example
In other words
Take (sth as) example
As follows
In practice
Let me illustrate
According to statistics
Let me cite as proof
According to statistics evidence
l Making Comparison and Contrast
To compare:
Similar to
At the same rate as
Similarly
As
Like, alike
(just) as … so
Likewise
In like manner
Correspond to
In the same way
Correspondingly
To have … in common
Resemble 类似于;与…相像
Common characteristics, etc.
resemblance
To be parallel in …
Almost the same as
Both
To contrast:
Differ from
Unlike
Different from
While
However
Whereas 鉴于;然而;反之
Still
In contrast to
Nevertheless
In opposition to
Otherwise
On the contrary
Even so; although
On the other hand
Less/more/faster … than
On the opposite side
l Discussing Cause and Effect
So; thus
Accordingly
As a result
Hence
Consequently
The result of
Since
The consequence of
Result in
Due to
Therefore
The effect of
The reason for
Have an effect on
As owing to
For this reason
For
Owe … to
The cause of
Because
Thanks of
It follows that
Because of
Out of
So that
Such … that
Seeing that
So as … to
Now … that
For fear that
Make … possible; make it possible/impossible for … to do