牡丹英文介绍

nullLuoyang Peony By Liu XiaoluLuoyang Peony By Liu XiaoluFirst part First part Brief Introduction The Development of peony The symbol of the peonyBrief IntroductionBrief IntroductionPeony, a flowering plant unique in China, is a kind of deciduous(每年落叶的 ) sub-shrub (灌木)of common peony genus(种 ), buttercup family(毛茛科 ), grows in hilly areas of Shaanxi,Gansu,Sichuan,Shandong and Henan province. It several names: Shrubby Shaoyao(or Tree-Peony);Luoyang flower; Grain-rain (4月20日) flower and Wealth&Honor Flower.DevelopmentDevelopmentBetween the first and second century: First recorded in written form in “Shen Nong’herbal classic” Since the 5th or 6th century in the period of Southern-and-Northern Dynasty: Treated as an ornamental(装饰的) plant and painted in Chinese paintings. Begin to be grown in the Sui Dynasty. Popular in the Tang Dynasty Their flower were known as “the finest of their kind” in the Song Dynasty.Wealth and Honor luck prosperity 富贵吉祥，繁荣昌盛 Wealth and Honor luck prosperity 富贵吉祥，繁荣昌盛 Peony Flowers in Luoyang, Finest under heaven. Peony Flowers in Luoyang, Finest under heaven. A. First of all, it is related to the developed gardens and woods in ancient Luoyang. B. Secondly, it is due to the tradition of being fond of flowers by the local people . C. The third, it is because of the favorable natural conditions. D. The fourth ,a number of well-known Chinese poems, prose and stories from a thousand years ago might be of help to spread the reputation of the peony far and wide. A. First of all, it is related to the developed gardens and woods in ancient Luoyang. B. Secondly, it is due to the tradition of being fond of flowers by the local people . C. The third, it is because of the favorable natural conditions. D. The fourth ,a number of well-known Chinese poems, prose and stories from a thousand years ago might be of help to spread the reputation of the peony far and wide. Why and how do peonies of Luoyang become the finest on earth? Second partA. In the past thousands of years,Louyang has been the centre of China, Luoyang was the capital of China then, Emperors, ministers（大臣）, generals and nobility （贵族） of each dynasty who had great demand for gardens and woods in their pleasure trips all lived here, and in addition, lots of men of letters and refined scholars built their residences and villas in Louyang,and trees and flowers are needed. According to historical records, from Han to Song,palaces,residences and gardens built for emperors, bureaucrats(官僚 ), nobility, scholars and merchants(商人), became scenes of majesty and magnificence with streets and avenues radiated(辐射) to various directions in Luoyang.A. In the past thousands of years,Louyang has been the centre of China, Luoyang was the capital of China then, Emperors, ministers（大臣）, generals and nobility （贵族） of each dynasty who had great demand for gardens and woods in their pleasure trips all lived here, and in addition, lots of men of letters and refined scholars built their residences and villas in Louyang,and trees and flowers are needed. According to historical records, from Han to Song,palaces,residences and gardens built for emperors, bureaucrats(官僚 ), nobility, scholars and merchants(商人), became scenes of majesty and magnificence with streets and avenues radiated(辐射) to various directions in Luoyang.null The only joyous day for human beings is the Cold Food Festival, while the celebrated gardens on the earth are mostly in Louyong. The only joyous day for human beings is the Cold Food Festival, while the celebrated gardens on the earth are mostly in Louyong.Shao Yong(邵雍),the great philosopher in the Northern Song dynasty.人间佳节惟寒食， 天下明园重洛阳 nullB.The tradition of being fond of peonies B.The tradition of being fond of peonies According to certain history books, during the Northern Song ,peonies were grown in every home in Luoyang. The local residents regarded peony as the only worthwhile flowering plant under heaven, while showing contempt to others. So peony has another name:Luo yang Flower. During the flowering season all parks in the city would be crowded with visitors. 《买花》 白居易    帝城春欲暮，喧喧车马度。      共道牡丹时，相随买花去。      贵贱无常价，酬直看花数：      灼灼百朵红，戋戋五束素。     上张幄幕庇，旁织笆篱护。     水洒复泥封，移来色如故。     家家习为俗，人人迷不悟。     有一田舍翁，偶来买花处。 低头独长叹，此叹无人喻。 一丛深色花，十户中人赋！ 《买花》 白居易    帝城春欲暮，喧喧车马度。      共道牡丹时，相随买花去。      贵贱无常价，酬直看花数：      灼灼百朵红，戋戋五束素。     上张幄幕庇，旁织笆篱护。     水洒复泥封，移来色如故。     家家习为俗，人人迷不悟。     有一田舍翁，偶来买花处。 低头独长叹，此叹无人喻。 一丛深色花，十户中人赋！ Buying Flowers During the late spring in the imperial capital, people went by horse and carriage with joyful bustle, talking about peonies in the gardens and markets, where they would go for enjoying and buying flowers… All great family have their custom to buy peony flowers without pondering（考虑） the price very much, and are enchanted （着魔）with peonies.nullnullC.The Favorable Natural ConditionsC.The Favorable Natural ConditionsLuoyang,which is located in the middle part of China, is endowed with fertile soil, moderate rainfall and mild climate.The soil and climate of Louyang is mostly suitable for flowers, of which peony is exotic（奇异的） and rare under heavenD.A number of Chinese poems, prose（散文） and stories of the peonyD.A number of Chinese poems, prose（散文） and stories of the peonyAccording to “the chronicle（编年史）of Chinese peony", there are 500 poems,90 songs and 78 prose on peonies composed by 230 poets and prosers,who fully expressed their feelings for peonies. From the ancient works we can see the close relationship between peony and Chinese traditional culture as well as its charm against all the other flowers. The famous Tang poet Bai Juyi ardently(热烈的） loved flowering plants especially peonies. He lived in luoyang for 18 years and grew peonies in his countyard.During his stay in Louyang,he wrote a number of poems praising the peony, and some 100 of them are handed down to this day. One of them reads, “Xishi is the greatest beauty of all times, and peony the queen of all flowers.” (绝代只西子，众芳惟牡丹） Bai also organized a Peony-bloom Poetry Club so that he and his poet-friends could often get together to enjoy and compose poems to sing the praises of the peony. It is said that the poem, The peony, the intoxicating(醉人的) beauty, never fails to create a furor(骚乱) in the imperial city when it begins to bloom.(唯有牡丹真国色，花开时节动京城)- was composed right in Bai’countyard by Liu yuxi（刘禹锡）,one of his poet-friends. The famous Tang poet Bai Juyi ardently(热烈的） loved flowering plants especially peonies. He lived in luoyang for 18 years and grew peonies in his countyard.During his stay in Louyang,he wrote a number of poems praising the peony, and some 100 of them are handed down to this day. One of them reads, “Xishi is the greatest beauty of all times, and peony the queen of all flowers.” (绝代只西子，众芳惟牡丹） Bai also organized a Peony-bloom Poetry Club so that he and his poet-friends could often get together to enjoy and compose poems to sing the praises of the peony. It is said that the poem, The peony, the intoxicating(醉人的) beauty, never fails to create a furor(骚乱) in the imperial city when it begins to bloom.(唯有牡丹真国色，花开时节动京城)- was composed right in Bai’countyard by Liu yuxi（刘禹锡）,one of his poet-friends. Among a great number of poets in the Tang and Song times ，Ouyang Xiu was the one who composed the most poems to praise peony. He loved the peonies of Luoyang very much all his life and composed large number of works about the peony. In his “Notes on the Peonies of Luoyang”(洛阳牡丹记）,he vividly described the local varieties and their origins. Comparing them with those grown else where, he wrote with admiration “The beauty of Luoyang peonies can not be equated with those of anywhere else in the country". Since then, the reputation, “Peony Flowers in the Luoyang,Finest under heaven” has been spread far and wide. Among a great number of poets in the Tang and Song times ，Ouyang Xiu was the one who composed the most poems to praise peony. He loved the peonies of Luoyang very much all his life and composed large number of works about the peony. In his “Notes on the Peonies of Luoyang”(洛阳牡丹记）,he vividly described the local varieties and their origins. Comparing them with those grown else where, he wrote with admiration “The beauty of Luoyang peonies can not be equated with those of anywhere else in the country". Since then, the reputation, “Peony Flowers in the Luoyang,Finest under heaven” has been spread far and wide.intoxicating beauty with magic perfume. 国色天香intoxicating beauty with magic perfume. 国色天香 There are also some moving stories to publicize the peony. During the Tang Dynasty, a scholar named Li Zhengfeng（李正封） wrote a poem in praise of the peony, in which he said, It looks like a drunken beauty in the morning, wrapped in a thin silk robe(长袍) and scented with magic perfume in the evening.（国色朝酣酒，天香夜染衣） .Emperor Xuan Zong spoke highly of the poem and regarded it as a vivid description of his favorite concubine Yang Yu-huan when she was a bit tipsy(微醉). From then on, the peony has won the Honor of intoxicating beauty with magic perfume. Part ThreePart ThreeDifferent varieties of LuoYang peony The varieties of peony The varieties of peonyIn total there are over 500 varieties of Luoyang Peony ,which differ in florescence（花期）,color, petal, size and shape,ect. A. Judging by color, it has red,yellow,white,pink, purple,green,lilac（淡紫）,blackish-purple and so on. B. By florescence, it can be divided into early-blooming peony (April 5-15),mid-blooming peony(April15-25)and late-blooming peony (April 25-May5). C. According to the petal and shapes, the Luoyang Peony is divided into single-petal (only a few petals),double-petal(more petals) and terraced-petal(梯形的）, with each divided into a few different groups and species,.nullThe four most famous varieties of peony 牡丹四大名品Yao Huang姚黄Yao Huang姚黄Yao-Huang is the best of the yellow peonies, reputed for the king of peonies, dating back to about 1000 years ago. According to historical record ,it was first grown by a man named Yao who lived at the foot of the Mengshan Hill in the SongDynasty,hence the name,Yao-Huang. As a mid-blooming variety, sorted to the terrace-pedaled type, it measures 17 cm high and 20 cm in diameter（直径） when it is in full-bloom.Wei Zi 魏紫Wei Zi 魏紫Wei-Zi is shaped like an imperial crown, with as many as 250 petals measuring 14 cm high and 18 cm in dia meter, Thus Wei-Zi was honored as “the queen of Peonies”. As the finest of purple strain(种）,Wei-zi flowers in purplish-white at the beginning, and goes pale-purple in full-bloom and purplish-white when nearly withering.Zhao Fen赵粉Zhao Fen赵粉Zhao Fen is the best of the pink peonies. It was grown by a person who named Zhao in the Qing Dynasty. The pink peony is commom,but the pink color of Zhao Fen is so delicate that it is just like the child ‘s face, so in Luoyang， Zhao Fen is also called" child's face”（童子面）.DouLu is the only one of the four famous peonies which didn’t name after the family name of the people who grew it. It is said the flower fairy(花仙子） changed her green hairpin（绿簪子） into DouLu by magic. DouLu is the finest of green flowers and a rare species of the late-blooming peonies with its flower shaping like a rose. It produce a small number of flowers and differs greatly between the on-year and off-year, thus ,it is lucky for one to see bumper（盛大的） flowers of DouLv.DouLu is the only one of the four famous peonies which didn’t name after the family name of the people who grew it. It is said the flower fairy(花仙子） changed her green hairpin（绿簪子） into DouLu by magic. DouLu is the finest of green flowers and a rare species of the late-blooming peonies with its flower shaping like a rose. It produce a small number of flowers and differs greatly between the on-year and off-year, thus ,it is lucky for one to see bumper（盛大的） flowers of DouLv.Dou Lu豆绿null小叶花蝴蝶 null荷包牡丹 紫霞贯 雪山金顶 黑海含金 null黑光司白碧仙子 垂头蓝 八束狮子 null乌龙捧圣 冠世墨玉 芳纪 垂头蓝1 null二乔 Thank you !Thank you !