专业英语-专业四级模拟455

专业英语-专业四级模拟455 专业四级模拟455 PART ? DICTATION 1、Listen to the following passage. Altogether the passage will be read to you four times. During the first reading, which will be done at normal speed, listen and try to understand the meaning. For the second and third readings, the passage will be read sentence by sentence, or phrase by phrase, with intervals of 15 seconds. The last reading will be done at normal speed again and during this time you should check your work. PART ? LISTENING COMPREHENSION In Sections A, B and C you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. SECTION A CONVERSATIONS In this section you will hear several conversations. Listen to the conversations carefully and then answer the questions that follow. 2、 What instrument does the director of the group play in the city orchestra? A. Cello. B. Viola. C. Violin. D. Bass. 3、 What is the level of musical proficiency of the group members? A. Beginning. B. Intermediate. C. Advanced. D. Professional. 4、 What will the man probably do this evening? A. Meet the woman at 7 o'clock. B. Practice playing the cello. C. Join in a regular meeting. D. Attend a music course. 5、 The hotel serves breakfast at the following time EXCEPT ______. A. 6 o'clock. B. 7:30 a.m. C. 9 o'clock. D. 10 o'clock. 6、 Where can the man get a flee wireless Internet connection? A. In his hotel room. B. In the restaurant and the lobby. C. Outside of the hotel. D. In the exercise room. 7、 What can we know about the refrigerator in the man's room? A. It needs additional 10 dollars a night. B. It needs 7.95 dollars totally. C. It is included in the price of the room. D. It is completely free. 8、 What does the man decide to do at the end of the conversation? A. To accept the unfortunate circumstances and stay at the hotel. B. To leave the hotel and go to another one across the street. C. To reschedule his hotel reservation for a different day. D. To go on claiming for better services. 9、 Which of the following statements about the man is TRUE? A. He is the manager and fives in the same building. B. He knows the size of the apartment is just what the woman wanted. C. If something is broken, he will come to mend it. D. He won't allow children as tenants. 10、 The woman is now living ______. A. in a hotel B. in a two-bedroom apartment C. in a smaller house D. in her office 11、 According to the man, the woman can move in tomorrow if ______. A. her husband agrees with her decision B. the document concerned is signed C. the lease is signed by both the woman and her husband D. the owner of the apartment agrees SECTION B PASSAGES In this section, you will hear several passages. Listen to the passages carefully and then answer the questions that follow. 12、 What was Allen's favorite hobby in his childhood? A. Playing woodwind instrument. B. Playing jazz music. C. Writing movies. D. Reading comic books. 13、 What did Allen do first to earn money before becoming a stand-up comedian? A. Selling jokes to newspaper columnists. B. Writing scripts for some movies. C. Telling jokes in comedy clubs. D. Being a comedian actor in some movies. 14、 Which of the following movies was not directed by Allen? A. What's New, Pussycat? C. Bananas B. Sleeper D. Love and Death 15、 When was the British museum founded? A. In 1972. B. In 1982. C. In 1753. D. In 1973. 16、 At whose demand was the British Museum's Domed Reading Room designed? A. Charles Dickens. B. George Bernard Shaw. C. Karl Marx. D. Sir Anthony Panizzi. 17、 How many books are there in the British Library Document Supply Centre? A. Over 260,000. B. Over 3 million. C. Nearly 5,000,000. D. About 4,000,000. 18、 Which of the following is not mentioned about the invention of paper? A. More jobs could be provided than before. B. More people could be educated than before. C. More books could be printed and distributed. D. More ways could be used to exchange knowledge. 19、 Which of the following countries uses more paper for each person a year? A. China. B. Sweden. C. Egypt. D. Japan. 20、 When did the Egyptians begin to use paper widely? A. Around 1400. B. Around 1900. C. Around 400. D. Around 900. 21、 What is mainly used to write on in Europe before the introduction of paper? A. Shell. B. Cloth. C. Parchment. D. Bone. SECTION C NEWS BROADCAST In this section, you will hear several news items. Listen to them carefully and then answer the questions that follow. 22、 How many people were killed at least? A. Two. B. Three. C. Four. D. Five. 23、 According to Mr. Dabo's security chief, what was Baciro Dabo doing after security forces broke into his house? A. Sleeping. B. Reading. C. Bathing. D. Dining. 24、 Who has controlled the largest town in the Swat Valley again? A. Taliban Militants. B. The Pakistani army. C. Swat people. D. Civilians. 25、 According to the spokesman, what would be done? A. Meeting pockets of resistance. B. Regaining the control of the military affairs. C. Building new civilian administration. D. Restoring local services. 26、 What is worse than the American government had anticipated a few months ago? A. Unemployment rate in America. B. Birth rate in America. C. The Obama administration. D. The economy in America. 27、 What percentage did U.S. unemployment jump? A. 9.4 percent. B. 4.7 percent. C. 8.9 percent. D. 0.5 percent. 28、 The debris spotted in the Atlantic Ocean involves the following EXCEPT ______. A. seats B. wires C. metal D. plastic 29、 According to the news, how many children were abused? A. Less than 118. B. Less than 11,800. C. More than 1,200. D. More than 12,000. 30、 Which of the following is the goal of launching a five-year project worth US $7.5 million by the US African Development Foundation? A. Expanding economic opportunity in Africa. B. Reducing poverty in rural communities in Africa. C. Controlling the economy in Malawi gradually. D. Helping promoting the bilateral economic relations. 31、 According to the news, the launch of the five-year project follows ______. A. a multi lateral agreement B. finding economic reform projects C. signing contract with the Malawi government D. a memorandum of understanding PART ? CLOZE Decide which of the choices given below would best complete the passage if inserted in the corresponding blanks. Painting, the execution of forms and shapes on a surface by means of pigment, has been continuously practiced by humans for some 20,000 years. 32 other activities that may have been ritualistic in origin but have come to be designated as artistic such as music or dance, painting was one of the earliest ways in which man 33 to express his own personality and his 34 understanding of an existence beyond the material world. 35 music and dance, however, examples of early forms of painting have 36 to the present day. The modem eye can derive aesthetic as well as antiquarian satisfaction 37 the 15,000-year-old cave murals of Lascaux—some examples 38 to the considerable powers of draftsmanship of these early artists. And painting, like other arts, exhibits universal qualities that make it 39 for viewers of all nations and civilizations to understand and appreciate. The major 40 examples of early painting anywhere in the world are found in Western Europe and Russia. But some 5,000 years ago, the areas in which important paintings were executed 41 to the eastern Mediterranean Sea and neighboring regions. 42 , Western shared a European cultural tradition—the Middle East and Mediterranean Basin and, later, the countries of the New World. Western painting is 43 distinguished by its concentration on the representation of the human 44 , whether in the heroic context of antiquity or the religious context of the early Christian and medieval world. The Renaissance 45 this tradition through a 46 examination of the natural world and an investigation of balance, harmony, and perspective in the visible world, linking painting 47 the developing sciences of anatomy and optics. The first real 48 from figurative painting came with the growth of landscape painting in the 17th and 18th centuries. The landscape and figurative traditions developed together in the 19th century in an atmosphere that was increasingly concerned with "painterly" qualities of the 49 of light and color and the expressive qualities of paint handling. In the 20th century these interests 50 to the development of a third major tradition in Western painting, abstract painting, which sought to 51 and express the true nature of paint and painting through action and form. 32、 A. In stead of B. In spite of C. Regardless of D. Together with 33、 A. resorted B. sought C. strived D. struggled 34、 A. emerging B. emergency C. merging D. mixing 35、 A. As B. Unlike C. Like D. Since 36、 A. renovated B. revived C. survived D. inhabited 37、 A. from B. of C. at D. for 38、 A. ratify B. testify C. certify D. gratify 39、 A. impossible B. easy C. convenient D. hard 40、 A. extinct B. classical C. extant D. living 41、 A. switched B. averted C. shook D. shifted 42、 A. Nevertheless B. Moreover C. However D. Therefore 43、 A. in total B. in all C. in general D. in the end 44、 A. figure B. shape C. shadow D. form 45、 A. extracted B. extended C. extorted D. extruded 46、 A. cautious B. close C. careful D. painstaking 47、 A. on B. for C. with D. to 48、 A. break B. breakage C. breakdown D. breaking 49、 A. reaction B. action C. interaction D. relation 50、 A. distributed B. attributed C. contributed D. construed 51、 A. open B. uncover C. recover D. expose PART ? GRAMMAR AND VOCABULARY There are thirty sentences in this section. Beneath each sentence there are four words, phrases or statements marked A, B, C and D. Choose one word, phrase or statement that best completes the sentence. 52、 ______ in the past, at the moment it is a favorite choice for wedding gown. A. Unpopular has as white been B. White has been as unpopular C. Unpopular has been as white D. Unpopular as white has been 53、 ______ for a long time, the fields are all dried up. A. There has been no rain B. Having no rain C. There having been no rain D. There being no rain 54、 The millions of calculations involved, ______ by hand, would have lost all practical value by the time they were finished. A. had they been done B. they had been done C. having been done D. they were done 55、 Televisions enable us to see things happen almost at the exact moment ______. A. which they are happening B. they are happening C. which they happen D. they have happened 56、 Which of the following is correct? A. Not on any account should such disasters be repeated. B. On no account should such disasters be repeated. C. Not on any account such disasters should be repeated. D. On no account such disasters should be repeated. 57、 According to the law which he later produced, everything in the universe attracts everything else towards ______. A. it B. everything C. itself D. each 58、 ______ me most was that the young boy who had lost both arms in an accident could handle a pen with his feet. A. That amazed B. It amazed C. Which amazed D. What amazed 59、 It was in this house ______ his father told him the touching story. A. that B. where C. which D. there 60、 Which of the following sentences expresses "probability"? A. You must be feeling sorry. B. You must go home before 8 o'clock. C. You must work harder to get that position. D. You must complete the task within the required time. 61、 You should know better than ______ your little sister at home by herself. A. to leave B. leaving C. to have left D. left 62、 As the train will not leave until one hour later, we ______ grab a bite at the snack bar. A. may well B. just as well C. might as well D. as well 63、 She resorted to ______ when she had no money to buy foods for her children. A. have stolen B. steal C. stole D. stealing 64、 The boy has admitted to ______ the window while playing football yesterday. A. breaking B. having been broken C. break D. be breaking 65、 Betty advised me to label our luggage carefully in case it gets ______ in transit. A. misused B. mishandled C. mistaken D. mislaid 66、 ______ money, she is quite rich. However, this does not mean that she is happy. A. Concerning B. As to C. In terms of D. In the light of 67、 A well written composition ______ good choice of words and clear organization among other things. A. calls for B. calls on C. calls up D. calls off 68、 It is ______ with the customer not to let the shop assistants guess what she really likes and wants until the last moment. A. in her honor B. on her honor C. a point of honor D. an honor 69、 This house will probably come on the ______ next month. A. fair B. market C. shop D. store 70、 George was introduced to ______ activities at a young age, when he was hired to act as a lookout for drug dealers. A. illegal B. lawful C. faithful D. peaceful 71、 An institution that properly carries the name of university is a more comprehensive and complex institution than any other kind of higher education ______. A. settlement B. establishment C. construction D. structure 72、 People's status in society is frequently ______ by how much they own. A. measured B. examined C. tested D. questioned 73、 It would seem more ______ to apply standards flexibly rather than rigidly. A. insensitive B. allergic C. sensible D. infected 74、 If the supply of vitamins and minerals in the diet is ______, this will result in changes in body chemistry. A. inadequate B. incapable C. incompatible D. invalid 75、 Our country had made great efforts to promote the family-planning policy, but ______ the birth rate is getting higher and higher. A. as it were B. as it is C. as it was D. as is it 76、 The average daily ______ of fruit and vegetables is around 200 grams. A. dissipation B. consumption C. disposal D. expenditure 77、 Two officers on patrol became ______ of two men in a car. A. generous B. suspicious C. appreciative D. tolerant 78、 He caused a false account of the event ______ in the newspaper. A. had published B. to be published C. being published D. to have published 79、 He lent money, made ______ and encouraged others to do likewise. A. pensions B. earnings C. salaries D. donations 80、 The ______ here has remained predominantly rural in appearance. A. perspective B. view C. landscape D. scene 81、 He had lived illegally in the United States for five years after his visitor's visa ______. A. abolished B. expired C. amended D. constrained PART ? READING COMPREHENSION In this section there are four passages followed by questions or unfinished statements, each with four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that you think is the best answer. TEXT A A twenty-year-old immigrant, Levi Strauss, came to the United States in 1850 to seek his fortune in the gold fields. But strangely enough, this man made his fortune on heavy canvas that he found suitable for working clothes. Strauss's jeans were particularly good for prospectors and cowboys. In the early days of jeans, this man couldn't have guessed that his pants, made only for rough work, would become so popular at all levels of society. Yes, this is a fact: jeans have become fashionable in our society. Furthermore, these pants have come to symbolize changes in social attitude. In the last decade or two we have seen movements toward equality as well as defiance of authority. Jeans, now worn by everybody, can be said to symbolize these changes for the better. In the past, only men wore jeans, and these men were at the bottom—socially and economically. Jeans were worn by truck drivers, farm and factory workers. Today, jeans no longer are looked down upon. They are worn by both men and women, by both skilled and unskilled workers, by both employees and employers. This common way of dressing symbolizes respect for individuality, no matter what your occupation or sex. In the fight against authority, young people have been the leaders. So it is natural that teenagers would defy parents and school administrators over the right to wear jeans to class and win. Jeans are the typical dress of civil rights marchers, fans at rock concerts, "hippies" returning to nature, and serious college students. Because everyone can be comfortable in them, the blue jeans invented for the use of workers are now accepted almost anywhere, anytime. This is true not only in the United States, but in many other countries in the world. I strongly agree with the following statement: "Old or new, glorified or plain, jeans are likely to be around for a long time to come. Already they have succeeded where statesmanship has failed. Although unable to speak the same language, the inhabitants of this embattled planet have at least agreed to wear the same pants." 82、 Jeans, originally designed by Levi Strauss, ______. A. have become a symbol of the fashionable class B. have come to symbolize changes in social attitude C. are suitable wear for rough work only D. are no longer so popular as they used to be 83、 What is implied but not directly stated in the passage is that ______ A. young people have been the leaders in the fight against authority B. today jeans are no longer looked down upon C. jeans are the typical dress of civil rights marchers D. formerly students were not allowed to wear jeans to class 84、 The author is of the opinion that ______ A. jeans are likely to be a short-lived fashion B. jeans are popular only in the United States C. jeans are likely to be popular for a long time to come D. jeans are no longer fashionable 85、 The last two sentences imply that ______ A. statesmen in the world are less competent than jeans B. the inhabitants of the world should speak the same language C. statesmen have failed to reach agreement on many major issues of the world D. jeans will help statesmen to reach agreement on some world issues TEXT B Parkour is a physical activity that is difficult to categorize. It is not an extreme sport, but an art or discipline that resembles self-defense in the martial arts. According to David Belle, the physical aspect of parkour is getting over all the obstacles in your path as you would in an emergency. You want to move in such a way, with any movement, as to help you gain the most ground on someone or something, whether escaping from it or chasing toward it. Thus, when faced with a hostile confrontation with a person, one will be able to speak, fight, or flee. As martial arts are a form of training for the fight, parkour is a form of training for the flight. Because of its unique nature, it is often said that parkour is in its own category: "Parkour is parkour." An important characteristic of parkour is efficiency. Practitioners move not only as fast as they can, but also in the least energy-consuming and most direct way possible. This characteristic distinguishes it from the similar practice of free running, which places more emphasis on freedom of movements, such as acrobatics. Efficiency also involves avoiding injuries, short and long-term, part of why parkour's unofficial motto is tre et durer (to be and to last). Tracers claim that parkour also influences one's thought process by enhancing critical thinking skills that allow one to overcome everyday physical and mental obstacles. There are fewer predefined movements in parkour than gymnastics, as it does not have a list of appropriate "moves." Each obstacle a tracer faces presents a unique challenge on how they can overcome it effectively, which depends on their body type, speed and angle of approach, the physical make-up of the obstacle, etc. Parkour is about training the body mind to react to those obstacles appropriately with a technique that works. Often that technique cannot and need not be classified and given a name. In many cases effective parkour techniques depend on fast redistribution of body weight and the use of momentum to perform seemingly impossible or difficult body maneuvers at speed. Absorption and redistribution of energy is also an important factor, such as body rolls when landing which reduce impact forces on the legs and spine, allowing a tracer to jump from greater heights than those often considered sensible in other forms of acrobatics and gymnastics. There are many basic techniques that are emphasized to beginners for their versatility and effectiveness. Most important are good jumping and landing techniques. The roll, used to limit impact after a drop and to carry one's momentum onward, is often stressed as the most important technique to learn. Many tracers develop joint problems from too many large drops and rolling incorrectly. Due to large drops parkour has sometimes received criticism for its questionable safety. Several communities in Great Britain have been warned by law enforcement or fire and rescue of the potential dangers of parkour. Although David Belle has never been seriously injured while practicing parkour, there is no careful study about the health issues of large drops and tracers stress gradual progression to avoid any problems. 86、 Parkour is a physical activity that ______. A. is categorized in extreme sports B. will be useful when someone flees C. originate from martial arts D. can help us walk faster and faster 87、 According to the passage, "critical thinking skills" (Line 1, Para. 3 ) refers to skills of A. judging and giving comments on something B. decisive thinking C. conquering crisis D. finding out essentials 88、 Which of the following is NOT a determinant to the effectiveness of parkour? A. Participator's figure. B. Participator's relative location to the obstacle. C. Participator's reaction to the obstacle. D. Participator's experience of parkour. 89、 The following are parkour techniques EXCEPT ______. A. reducing energy waste during the process B. making poses while moving at speed C. fighting against someone blocking the path D. preventing oneself from being injured or hurt 90、 What can we learn from the passage? A. Tracers believe long-term effective practice can help avoid injuries. B. Beginners should train their endurance above all. C. All parkour participators pay less attention to their safety. D. Large drops are the most difficult techniques of parkour. 91、 Which of the following activities is mostly close to parkour? A. Martial art. B. Obstacle race. C. Gymnastics. D. Acrobatics. TEXT C Certainly no creature in the sea is odder than the common sea cucumber. All living creature, especially human beings, have their peculiarities, but everything about the little sea cucumber seems unusual. What else can be said about a bizarre animal that, among other eccentricities, eats mud, feeds almost continuously day and night but can live without eating for long periods, and can be poisonous but is considered supremely edible by gourmets? For some fifty million years, despite all its eccentricities, the sea cucumber has subsisted on its diet of mud. It is adaptable enough to live attached to rocks by its tube feet, under rocks in shallow water, or on the surface of mud fiats. Common in cool water on both Atlantic and Pacific shores, it has the ability to suck up mud or sand and digest whatever nutrients are present. Sea cucumbers come in a variety of colors, ranging from black to reddish brown to sand color and nearly white. One form even has vivid purple tentacles. Usually the creatures are cucumber shaped—hence their name— and because they are typically rock inhabitants, this shape, combined with flexibility, enables them to squeeze into crevices where they are safe from predators and ocean currents. Although they have voracious appetites, eating day and night, sea cucumbers have the capacity to become quiescent and live at a low metabolic rate—feeding sparingly or not at all for long periods, so that the marine organisms that provide their food have a chance to multiply. If it were not for this faculty, they would devour all the food available in a short time and would probably starve themselves out of existence. But the most spectacular thing about the sea cucumber is the way it defends itself. Its major enemies are fish and crabs, when attacked, it squirts all its internal organs into water. It also casts off attached structures such as tentacles. The sea cucumber will eviscerate and regenerate itself if it is attacked or even touched; it will do the same if the surrounding water temperature is too high or if the water becomes too polluted. 92、 According to the passage, why is the shape of sea cucumbers important? A. It helps them to digest their food. B. It helps them to protect themselves from danger. C. It makes it easier for them to move through the mud. D. It makes them attractive to fish. 93、 The words "this faculty" (Line 3, Para.4) refers to the sea cucumber's ability to ______. A. squeeze into crevices B. devour all available food in a short time C. suck up mud or sand D. live at a low metabolic rate 94、 The 4th paragraph of the passage primarily discusses ______. A. the reproduction of sea cucumbers B. the food sources of sea cucumbers C. the eating habits of sea cucumbers D. threats to sea cucumbers' existence 95、 Compared with other sea creatures the sea cucumber is very ______. A. sensitive B. intelligent C. aggressive D. fat 96、 Which of the following would NOT cause a sea cucumber to release its internal organs into the water? A. A touch. B. Ocean currents. C. Unusually warm water. D. Pollution. TEXT D Cultural norms so completely surround people, so permeate thought and action, that few people ever recognize the assumptions on which their lives and their sanity rest. As one observer put it, if birds were suddenly endowed with scientific curiosity they might examine many things, but the sky itself would be overlooked as a suitable subject; if fish were to become curious about the world, it would never occur to them to begin by investigating water. For birds and fish would take the sky and sea for granted, unaware of their profound influence because they comprise the medium for every fact. Human beings, in a similar way, occupy a symbolic universe governed by codes that are unconsciously acquired and automatically employed. So much so that they rarely notice that the ways they interpret and talk about events are distinctively different from the ways people conduct their affairs in other cultures. As long as people remain blind to the sources of their meanings, they are imprisoned within them. These cultural frames of reference are no less confining simply because they cannot be seen or touched. Whether it is an individual neurosis that keeps an individual out of contact with his neighbors, or a collective neurosis that separates neighbors of different cultures, both are forms of blindness that limit what can be experienced and what can be learned from other. It would seem that everywhere people would desire to break out of the boundaries of their own experiential worlds. Their ability to react sensitively to a wider spectrum of events and peoples requires an overcoming of such cultural parochialism. But, in fact, few attain this broader vision. Some, of course, have little opportunity for wider cultural experience, though this condition should change as the movement of people accelerates. Others do not try to widen their experience because they prefer the old and familiar, seek from their affairs only further confirmation of the correctness of their own values. Still others recoil from such experiences because they feel it dangerous to probe too deeply into the personal or cultural unconscious. Exposure may reveal how tenuous and arbitrary many cultural norms are; such exposure might force people to acquire new bases for interpreting events. And even for the many who do seek actively to enlarge the variety of human beings with whom they are capable of communicating there are still difficulties. Cultural myopia persists not merely because of inertia and habit, but chiefly because it is so difficult to overcome. One acquires a personality and a culture in childhood, long before he is capable of comprehending either of them. To survive, each person masters the perceptual orientations, cognitive biases, and communicative habits of his own culture. But once mastered, objective assessment of these same processes is awkward since the same mechanisms that are being evaluated must be used in making the evaluations. 97、 The examples of birds and fish ______. A. show that they, too, have their respective cultures B. illustrate that human beings are unaware of the cultural codes governing them C. demonstrate the similarity between man, birds, and fish in their ways of thinking D. explain humans occupy a symbolic universe as birds and fish occupy the sky and the sea 98、 The term "parochialism" ( Line 3, Para. 3 ) most possibly means ______. A. open-mindedness B. provincialism C. superiority D. discrimination 99、 It can be inferred from the last two paragraphs that ______. A. everyone would like to widen their cultural scope if they can B. childhood is an important stage in comprehending culture C. provided one's brought up in a culture, he may be with bias in making cultural evaluations D. the obstacles to overcoming cultural parochialism lie mainly in people's habit of thinking 100、 Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage? A. People's visions will be enlarged if only they know that cultural differences exist. B. Individual and collective neurosis might prevent communications with others. C. People in different cultures may be governed by the same cultural norms. D. If cultural nouns are something tangible, they won't be so confining. 101、 The passage might be entitled "______" A. How to Overcome Cultural Myopia B. Behavioral Patterns and Cultural Background C. Harms of Cultural Myopia D. Cultural Myopia—A Deep-rooted Collective Neurosis PART ? WRITING SECTION A COMPOSITION Nowadays, we are producing more and more rubbish. You are to suggest only ONE way to solve the problem. Write a composition of about 200 words on the following topic: 102、One Way to Solve the Rubbish Problem You are to write in three parts. In the first part, state specifically what your opinion is. In the second part, provide one or two reasons to support your opinion. In the last part, bring what you have written to a natural conclusion or make a summary. Marks will be awarded for content, organization, language and appropriateness. Failure to follow the instructions may result in a loss of marks. SECTION B NOTE-WRITING Write a note of about 50-60 words based on the following situation: 103、Your friend Jane invited you to join them in the fancy ball this Saturday evening, but you have got to prepare for an important examination next Tuesday. Write to her to explain that you will not be able to get there. Marks will be awarded for content, organization, grammar and appropriateness. 答案: PART ? DICTATION 1、 [听力原文] There are many different kinds of soils. / Different soils have different types of rock and minerals in them. / Some soils have more water in them than others. / Some soils might have more plant and animal material in them, too. Different kinds of soils are found in different parts of the world. / There are several kinds of soils found in the United States. / In some areas, the soil has a lot of clay. / Other soils are very sandy. / Loam is a kind of soil that has a good mixture of clay and sand. In some places, soil layers are very thick. / Lots of plants grow in places with a thick soil layer. / In dry and windy places, soil layers are much thinner. / Layers of soil on mountains are thin / because gravity pulls the soil downhill. / The type of soil in a particular place affects what kinds of plants can grow there. PART ? LISTENING COMPREHENSION SECTION A CONVERSATIONS 2、C [听力原文] W: David, you play the cello, don't you? M: I did for about six years. But I haven't practiced much since I came to college. Why do you ask? W: I'm signing up for a non-credit string ensemble course that meets once a week on Wednesday night. We have several violinists, violas and two bass players, but only one cello. M: Who's directing the group? W: Janet Hanson. Maybe you've heard of her. She plays violin in the city orchestra, and she also directs three other small local music groups. M: Em, I have my cello here, but I think I would need to do a lot of work before my playing would sound any good at all. W: Miss Hanson will give individual instruction as well as teach us as a group. There are only ten of us now. Try to join us. We are all on the intermediate level. And anyway you won't get a grade for the course. M: I'll tell you what. I'll play a little this evening and see how it goes. W: I'm sure you'll be fine. I'll expect to see you at seven o'clock tomorrow in Room 14 at the fine arts building. I hope you can come to our regular meeting. 对话中多处出现了乐器名，本题出题点在细节易混处。对话中女士说，珍妮特?汉森在市管弦乐队中 拉小提琴，故选C。 3、B 本题出题点在重要细节处。对话中女士提到，乐队成员都是中级水平，故选B。 4、B 本题是对将来行为的判断，注意对动作的描述及对应的时间状语。对话中男士提到，他今天晚上要稍 微练习一下大提琴，故选B。 5、A [听力原文] M: I have a reservation for tonight, and I just want to check in. W: Sure. Your name, please? M: Mike Adams. W: Okay. Let me check here. Um. Here's your key to open your door. You're in Room 360. M: Okay and what time is the restaurant open for breakfast? W: It serves breakfast from 6:30-10:00 a.m. M: And, where's the exercise room? I'd like to run a couple of miles before going to bed tonight. W: It's on the second floor, and it's open till 10:00 tonight, but the treadmill isn't working. M: Oh, well. Do you have wireless Internet in the room? W: We do! It's for $7.95 a night. M: I thought something like that would be free. W: No, sorry, but you can get free wireless access if you sit in the parking lot on the far north side. You see, the hotel next to us has wireless and... M: Oh, great. Forget that. And every room has a refrigerator, right? W: Well, we can have one put in your room for an additional ten dollars a night. M: Ahhhh. I thought something like that would be included in the price of the room. W: Sorry, sir. M: I think all the other hotels provide these amenities for free. W: Sorry, sir. It's just the way it is at this hotel. M: And the bed? Is that extra too? W: Of course...not. M: Oh. I'll just try the hotel across the street. I'm sure they'll give me better service. W: Okay, but you'd be canceling your reservation here, so we'll have to charge you a cancellation fee of 50% of the cost of the room. M: Damn! Forget it! I can't win either way. What's my room again? W: 360. 本题的出题点在对话中的时间处。对话中酒店女接待员提到上午六点半到十点提供早餐，故选A。 6、C 本题的出题点在对话中的转折处。对话中女士告诉男士，如果他坐在最靠北面的停车场，可能会接收 到免费无线网络信号，因为挨着这家酒店的另一家酒店提供免费的无线网……由此可见男士只能从这 个酒店外面免费连接无线网络了，故选C。 7、A 本题的出题点在对话中的数字处。对话中女士提到，男士若想在房间里使用冰箱，每天晚上需另加10 美元，故选A。 8、A 本题的出题点在对话结尾。男士最后说任何选择他都不会赢，接着又问了一句，他的房间号是多少， 可见男士接受了一切，打算入住这家酒店，故选A。 9、A [听力原文] M: I know that it is smaller than what you wanted, but it is one of the nicest apartments in the building. W: Does it have three bedrooms? M: No. There are two. The master bedroom is quite spacious, though. Maybe you could let the children share the larger room, and you and your husband could use the smaller one. W: I suppose I could do that. M: A three-bedroom apartment will be difficult to find. W: Yes, I know. Believe me. I've been looking for over a week. The few three bedroom apartments that I have found are either extremely expensive or the owner won't allow children as tenants. M: Well, the owner allows two children in this apartment complex. W: Aren't you the owner? M: No, I am the manager. I live hem, too, on the first floor of this building. W: Oh. That's nice. Then if anything gets broken... M: Just leave a note on my door. W: You said that the rent would be $150 a month. Does that include any of the utilities? M: Yes. It includes gas. Your furnace and stove use gas, so, as you can imagine, your other utilities, electricity and water, are quite inexpensive. W: That sounds better. But before I sign a lease, I would like my husband to see it. M: Why not stop by with him this evening? W: How late are you open? He doesn't get off work until five. M: Come by at six. I will still be in the office. I am sure you are eager to move from the hotel, and [ 10] if we get the paper work out of the way tonight, you can move in tomorrow. W: Oh, that would be fine. 本题需听清对话的多个细节，再对选项作出判断。对话中男士说他是房屋经纪人，就住在这栋楼的一 层，故选A。男士说他知道这间房子比女士想要的房子小一些，故B错误;男士说如果有东西坏了， 就留个便条在他的门上，但并没有说他会亲自来修理，故排除C;对话中男士建议女士让孩子们住大 的卧室，由此可以判断他同意让孩子住进公寓，故排除D。 10、A 本题出题点在人物观点处(I'm sure)。对话中男士说:“我想你一定迫不及待地想从宾馆搬出来吧”， 由此可知女士现在住在宾馆，故选A。 11、B 本题出题点在条件句式处。对话中男士说“如果我们今天晚上把合同签了，你明天就可以搬进来了”， 答案中的the document concerned is signed同义转述了原文中的get the paperwork out of the way，故选B。至于这份合同是否需要夫妻二人都签字，对话中并未提及，故排除C。 SECTION B PASSAGES 12、D [听力原文] One of the leading scriptwriters, stand-up comedians and film-makers of his era, Woody Allen was born Allen Stewart Konigsberg on December 1st 1935. Born and brought up in Brooklyn in New York, he loved reading comic books best and sometimes watching movies. At school he was noted for his extraordinarily high IQ, but school is said to have held little interest for him. When he was fifteen he took up the woodwind instrument and become an accomplished player, particularly of jazz music. Allen began selling jokes to newspaper columnists, and in the early 1960s began appearing in comedy clubs telling his own jokes, and is now known as one of the greatest stand-up comedians ever. In the mid-sixties, Allen moved into the world of film-making, at first as a writer and actor. What's New, Pussycat? came out in 1965. Woody Allen proved himself a productive writer as well as movie scriptwriter; he had two hit theatre shows on Broadway. He became a film director in the late sixties and produced some hugely successful film comedies, notably Sleeper, a comedy set in the future, Bananas, a comedy set in a Banana Republic, and Love and Death, his classic satire of Tolstoy's War and Peace. As the 70s progressed, Allen found his voice as a filmmaker. In 1977, his film, Annie Hall, was a huge success and won him praise from audiences and critics alike, and it won three Oscars, for director, screenplay and best picture. 本题出题点在最高级处。短文提到，艾伦在纽约市的布鲁克林区出生和长大，最喜欢看连环画，有时 候还爱看电影，而当他15岁的时候才开始学习演奏木管乐器和爵士乐，故选D。 13、A 本题出题点在重要时间状语处(in 1960s)。短文提到，艾伦开始向报社专栏作家卖笑话，后来又在 喜剧俱乐部讲自己编的笑话，而后成为了现在众所周知的最杰出的喜剧演员，由此可见艾伦在成为杰 出喜剧演员之前，首先是向报社专栏作家卖笑话，故选A。 14、A 本题出题点重要时间状语处(in 1965)。短文提到，60年代中期，艾伦开始接触电影制作领域，一 开始在电影What's New，Pussycat?中做编剧和演员，该片在1965年上映，故选A。 C 15、 [听力原文] Following the passing of the British Library Act by Parliament in 1972, the British Library came into operation with effect from the 1st of July 1973. The British Library has a number of components. The major sections of the organization known as the British Library are the Library of the British Museum, National Central Library, and the British Library Document Supply Centre. The Department of Printed Books of the British Museum was founded in the same year of the foundation of the British museum, in 1753. The Library has the privilege of legal store, which means that a copy of a large proportion of all printed material in the UK goes to the British Library. These include not only books, journals and magazines, but also newspapers, maps and printed music. The British Museum's Domed Reading Room is well known in intellectual circles, and was designed in the 1850s at the urge of Sir Anthony Panizzi, then Chief Librarian. Originally the Reading Room was open to the general public, but due to overcrowding, a pass was required for admission. In addition to Vladimir Lenin, other famous readers in this exclusive place of study included Karl Marx, and the writers Charles Dickens and George Bernard Shaw. The British Library Document Supply Centre administers a stock of over 260,000 journal titles, over 3 million books, almost 500,000 conference proceedings, nearly 5,000,000 scientific reports. Its 20,000 customers from all over the world make about 4,000,000 requests every year. 本题出题点在重要时间状语处(in 1753)。短文提到，大英博物馆印刷图书部与大英博物馆都是在 1753年成立的，故选C。短文开头提到，1972年英国议会通过了《大英图书馆法案》之后，1973年 7月1日大英图书馆正式成立，故排除A和D。 16、D 本题出题点在专有名词人名处。短文提到，大英博物馆的半球形阅览室是19世纪50年代在潘尼齐的 敦促下出来的，故选D。 17、B 本题出题点在数字处。短文提到，大英图书馆文献提供中心藏书超过300万册，故选B。文中提到， 大英图书馆文献提供中心共管理超过26万种期刊，逾300万册图书，以及大约500万篇科学，世 界各地的2万顾客每年向大英图书馆提出大约400万条请求，故均排除A、C和D。 18、A [听力原文] Paper is one of the most important products ever invented by man. Wide spread use of written language would not have been possible without some cheap and practical material to write on. The invention of paper meant that more people could be educated because more books could be printed and distributed. Together with the printing press, paper provided an extremely important way to communicate knowledge. How much paper do you use every year? Probably you cannot answer that question quickly. In 1990 the world's use of paper was about one kilogram for each person a year. Now some countries use as much as 50 kilograms of paper for each person a year. Countries like the United States, England and Sweden use more paper than other countries. Paper, like many other things that we use today, was first made in China. In Egypt and the West, paper was not very commonly used before the year 1400. The Egyptians wrote on a kind of material made of a water plant. Europeans used parchment for many hundreds of years. Parchment was very strong; it was made from the skin of certain young animals. We have learnt of the most important facts of European history from records that were kept on parchment. 回答本题需要听懂短文中的多处细节。短文提到，纸的发明意味着更多的人可以接受教育，有了纸我 们可以印发更多的书，纸张和印刷机提供了交流信息的重要方式，B、C、D三项文章都提到了，故选 A。 19、B 本题出题点在举例及比较级处。短文提到，美国、英国、瑞典等国家每年人均用纸量超过了其他国家， 故本题选B。 20、A 本题出题点在重要时间状语处(before the year 1400)。短文提到，在1400年以前的埃及和西 方国家，纸张还没有被普遍应用，故选A。 21、C 本题在短文结尾处出题，考查细节。短文结尾处提到，欧洲人在1400年以前还没有使用纸张，之前 使用了数百年羊皮纸，故选C。 SECTION C NEWS BROADCAST 22、C [听力原文] Security forces in Guinea Bissau have shot dead at least four people, including two senior politicians they accused of plotting a coup just over three weeks before presidential elections. A statement by the Interior Ministry said former Defense Minister Helder Proenca and the presidential candidate Baciro Dabo are shot dead while resisting arrest, but according to Mr. Dabo's security chief, he was asleep when men in military uniform burst into his house and killed him. A UN spokesman, Farhan Haq said Secretary General Ban Ki-moon was concerned about the series of killings. "These developments emphasize once again the importance and urgency of conducting a thorough, credible and transparent investigation into the circumstances surrounding the assassinations in Guinea Bissau. The United Nations will be consulting with national authorities and International Contact Group on Guinea Bissau to explore what more needs to be done to end impunity and restore the respect for the rule of law in the country." 本题考查新闻事件中的相关人数。新闻提到，几内亚比绍的安全部队射杀了至少四个人，包括两名资 深政客，故选C。 23、A 本题考查新闻事件中相关人物的观点，在转折处出题(but…)。新闻提到，内政部称，前国防部长 Helder Proenca和总统候选人Baciro Dabo在拒捕时被射杀了，而Baciro Dabo的安保队长说 安全部队人员射杀Baciro Dabo时他还在睡觉，故选A。 24、B [听力原文] The Pakistani army says it has regained control of the largest town in the Swat Valley from Taliban Militants. An army spokesman General Athar Abbas said Mingora was now under military control. But soldiers were still meeting pockets of resistance on the outskirts of the town. He said the next step would be for the civilian administration to restore local services, so residents could start returning. Humphrey Hawksley reporting. 本题考查新闻事件中人物的行为。新闻提到，巴基斯坦军方称，他们已经重新获得了对斯瓦特山谷最 大城镇的控制权，故选B。 25、D 本题考查新闻事件中人物的观点。新闻提到，一位军方人说，下一步将会恢复地方服务，故选D。 26、A [听力原文] The White House says America's employment picture is worse than the Obama administration anticipated just a few months ago. The somber admission follows the latest jobless report showing the highest unemployment rate the United States has seen in more than 25 years. U.S. unemployment jumped a half percent in May, to 9.4 percent prompting this comment by Austan Goolsbee, a member of President Barack Obama's Council of Economic Advisors: "The economy clearly has gotten substantially worse from the initial predictions that were being made, not just by the White House, but by all of the private sectors," said Austan Goolsbee. 本题实质是对新闻主要内容的考查，新闻首句是解题的关键。新闻首句提到，白宫指出，美国的就业 图景比奥巴马政府在几个月前所预期的更差，故选A。 27、D 本题的出题点新闻事件中的数字处。新闻提到，美国的失业率在五月上升了0.5%，达到了9.4%，故 选D。 28、D [听力原文] The Brazilian defense minister has said there is no doubt the debris spotted in the Atlantic Ocean is from the missing Air France jet which disappeared on Monday. The minister, Nelson Jobim, said the debris which appeared to include aircraft seats as well as wires and metal stretched over a wide area. "Here we have an area of around 9,785 square kilometers, and in this region the aircraft KC130 has located and spotted debris over a total length of 5 kilometers. And that debris is confirmed to be from the plane." 本题的出题点在人物观点处(said…)。新闻提到，在大西洋海域发现的法航客机残骸似乎包括座位、 电线和金属，故选D。 29、D [听力原文] In Ireland, Roman Catholic religious orders found to have abused children have agreed to pay more compensation to the victims. A controversial deal in 2002 cut the amount of compensation the Roman Catholic orders were required to pay to victims in the Irish Republic, at just under 118 million dollars. Taxpayers have funded the bulk of the damages to more than 12,000 victims. Now after a meeting with the Prime Minister Brian Cowan, the orders have agreed to make additional contributions and allow an independent audit of their assets, but another meeting is to take place in 2 weeks to determine the amounts the orders will provide. 本题的出题点在新闻事件中的数字处。新闻提到，纳税人已经为12000多名受害者资助了大量的赔偿 金，故选D。 30、B [听力原文] In Malawi, the US African Development Foundation (USADF) has launched a five-year project worth US $7.5 million. It's an agency of the US government dedicated to expanding economic opportunity in Africa. It says the project goal is to reduce poverty in rural communities at the grassroots level in Africa. The launch of the program follows a bilateral agreement and a memorandum of understanding the foundation signed with the Malawi government last year. The USADF and the government announced their intentions to fund economic development projects. 本题考查新闻事件中相关事件实施的目的。新闻提到，美国的非洲发展基金会称，这项工程的目的是 减少非洲基层农村社区的贫穷状况，故选B。 31、D 本题的出题点在新闻事件中的重要时间处(last year)。新闻提到，这个项目的投入遵循双边 和与马拉维政府去年签订的谅解备忘录，故选D。 PART ? CLOZE D 32、 考查词组辨析。四个选项中instead of意为“代替”，in spite o意为“尽管”，regardless of 意为“不管，不顾”，together with意为“同……一起，连同”。此句意为“绘画与音乐、舞蹈一起， 最初都与仪式有关，但后来被划定为艺术……”，故本题选D。 B 33、 考查动词词义的辨析。resort意为“诉诸，求助”，要与介词to连用;strive意为“努力，奋斗”; struggle意为“挣扎，努力”;seek意为“探索，寻求”，结合句意可知此处应该是“探索，寻求”之 意，该句意为“绘画是人们寻求表达自己个性最早的方式之一”，故选B。 34、A 考查同源词词义辨析。emerging意为“形成的;出现的;新兴的;最初的”;emergency意为“紧急 情况”;merging意为“合并的，并入的”;mixing意为“使混合的”，结合句意“绘画是人们寻求表 达自己个性以及对超物质世界的存在的早期理解的最早的方式之一”，故本题选A。 35、B 考查逻辑衔接。由本句的转折连词however可知，此处只有unlike符合题意，故选B。 36、C 考查动词词义的辨析。根据上下文语义关系可知，该句意为“然而，不像音乐和舞蹈，早期的绘画形 式已经幸存至今”，故本题选C，survive意为“幸存”。renovate意为“修复，翻新”;revive意 为“复兴;复活”;inhabit意为“居住于”，均不符合题意，可排除。 37、A 考查动词与介词的固定搭配。derive from为固定搭配，意为“源于，得自”，故选A。 38、B 考查动词词义辨析。ratify意为“批准，认可”;testify意为“证明，证实”;certify意为“证明， 保证”;gratify意为“使满足”，选项中只有testify后可接to，故选B。 39、B 考查篇章语义。该句意为“跟其他艺术一样，绘画展示的是普遍特征，这就使得所有国家和文化群体的人都能很容易地理解和欣赏它”，故本题选B。 40、C 考查形容词词义辨析。extinct意为“灭绝的，耗尽的”;classical意为“经典的，古典的”;extant意为“现存的，未毁的”;living意为“活着的;使用中的”。分析上下文可知此处是指“世界各地未毁掉的作品都可以在西欧和苏联找到”，故本题选C。 41、D 考查动词词义辨析。switch意为“转换;开关(电闸等)”;avert意为“转开，避开;避免;防止”;shake意为“摇晃，晃动”;shift意为“改变;转为”，结合此处句意“但大约5000年前重要绘画产生之地(由原来的西欧和俄罗斯)转到了地中海东部及邻近地区”，可知本题应选D。 42、D 考查逻辑衔接。结合上下文可知，此处应填一个表因果关系的词，nevertheless表转折，moreover表递进，however表转折，therefore表因果，故本题选D。 43、C 考查副词性介词短语辨析。in total意为“总共”;in all意为“总计，合计”;in general意为“一般说来，大体上”;in the end意为“最终”，结合此处句意“总体而言，西方绘画以专注于人体画像而出名……”，可知本题应选C。 44、A 考查惯用搭配。该句意为“总体而言，西方绘画以专注于人体画像而出名……”，human figure意为“人体”;human form意为“人形”，故本题选A。 45、B 考查动词词义辨析。extract意为“榨取，吸取”;extend意为“延伸，扩充”;extort意为“敲诈，勒索”;extrude"挤压出;突出”，结合上下文可知，此处是指文艺复兴扩充了专注人体这一传统，故本题选B。 46、B 考查形容词词义辨析。cautious意为“谨慎的，小心的”;close意为“近的，密切的”;careful意为“小心的，认真的”;painstaking"艰苦的，辛苦的”，结合上下文可知，此处意为“密切检查”，故本题选B。 47、D 考查惯用搭配。link…to为固定搭配，意为“把……和……联系起来”，故本题选D。 48、A 考查同根词词义辨析。break可作为名词，意为“分离，决裂”，该句意为“与具象画第一次分离是随着十七、十八世纪风景画的发展而发生的”，故本题选A。其他选项breakage意为“破坏，破损”，breakdown意为“崩溃;衰竭”，breaking意为“破坏”，均排除。 49、C 考查名词词义辨析。本句前半句提到，“十九世纪时，风景画与具象画共同发展，越来越关注画的光与色______的美术特征”，结合上下文可以知，此处选C，interaction意为“相互作用”。其他三项:reaction意为“反应，反作用”;action意为“行动;作用”;relation意为“关系，联系”，均不符合文意。 50、C 考查动词词义辨析。distribute意为“分发，分配”;attribute意为“归结于”;contribute意为“有助于，促成”;construe意为“解释，分析”，结合句意只有contribute符合，故选C。 51、B 考查动词词义辨析。open意为“打开，开放”;uncover意为“揭开，揭露”;recover意为“重新获得;恢复”;expose意,为“使暴露，使曝光”，结合上下文可知此处是“揭露，揭开”之意，故选B。expose之后需接to。 PART ? GRAMMAR AND VOCABULARY 52、D 虽然白色过去不受欢迎，但目前它是婚纱的首选颜色。考查让步状语从句。as是连词，引导让步状语从句时，往往使用部分倒装形式，故选D。如:Beautiful as she is，she is foolish(尽管她很漂亮，但她很笨。 53、C 由于长时间不下雨，田地都干旱了。考查独立主格。该句前半部分是There be的完成式独立结构，与时间状语for a long time相吻合，故选C。 54、A 数百万次的计算如果用手工操作，等到计算结束的时候，将失去其全部的实际意义。考查虚拟语气。这是一个虚拟沿气的句子，条件句使用了省略if的倒装句形式(还原后应为if they had been done)，动作与过去事实相反。 55、B 电视使我们几乎能够在事情发生的那一瞬间就看到它们是如何发生的。考查定浯从句。moment后接的是省略关系副词when的定语从句，B项符合要求。关系副词when通常不能省略，但用于day，year，time，moment等词后时可以省略。 56、B 这种灾难绝不能再重演了。(正确选项B的译文)考查倒装句。句中on no account意为“绝不”，当置于句首时，句子要使用部分倒装，由此可知B项正确。 57、C 根据他后来提出的定律，宇宙万物是相互吸引的。考查不定代词。该句中反身代词itself与主语everything形成互指关系，表示向它自身的方向吸引另一物体，故选C。it指前面提到过的事物，each后常接各词或者与other构成固定短语。 58、D 最令我惊讶的是，这个在车祸中失去双臂的小男孩能够用脚使用钢笔。考查主语从句。分析句子结构可知，空格所填词与后面的me most共同做主句的主语，而该主语从句中缺少主语和谓语，而且结合选项，只有what amazed符合，故选D。 59、A 就是在这所房子里，他的父亲给他讲了那个感人的故事。考查强调句型。本句考查强调句型，即:It is/was+被强调部分+that/who+其他，被强调部分如果是人，用that或who连接都可以，如果是物不可用who。本题中被强调部分是句子的地点状语in this house，应由that连接，故选A。 60、A 下面哪个句子是表达可能性的?考查情态动词。A项意为“你一定感觉很遗憾”;B项意为“你必须在八点前回家”;C项意为“你必须更加努力工作才能获得那个职位”;D项意为“你必须在规定时间内完成那项任务”，根据句意只有A项表达的是可能性。 61、A 你应该知道，不该把你妹妹一个人留在家里。考查惯用表达。to know better than to do sth(是一个常见的表示责备的结构，意为“应该知道不该做某事”，故选A。 62、C 既然火车一个小时以后才开，我们不妨到快餐店吃东西。考查惯用表达。might as well后接动词原形，意为“不妨，何不”，故选C。 63、D 当她没钱为孩子买吃的东西时，她开始偷盗。考查固定搭配。resort to为固定搭配，意为“求助于”，其中to是介词，后接动名词，故选D。 64、A 那个男孩承认在昨天踢足球的时候打破了窗户。考查固定搭配。admit to中的to是介词，后接名词或动名词。由于本句中动名词的逻辑主语是人，二者为主动关系，应使用动名词的主动形式，故选A。 65、D 贝蒂建议我把我们的行李认真地贴上标签以免运输中被放错位置。考查动词词义辨析。misuse意为“错用，滥用”;mishandle意为“瞎弄，胡乱操作”;mistake意为“误解，弄错”;mislay意为“把…… 放错地方，遗失”。结合句意，本题选D。 66、C 就金钱而言，她很富裕。然而这并不意味着她幸福。考查固定搭配的辨析。concerning意为“关于”;as to也是“关于;至于”;in terms of意为“从……方面来说”;in the light of意为“按照，根据”，故选C。 67、A 一篇好文章，除其他因素外，还要求选词优关，思路清晰。考查动词词组辨析。call for意为“要求，需要”;call on意为“号召，请求”;call up意为“使人想起”;call off。意为“取消，停止做”，故选A。 68、C 对于顾客来说，直到最后时刻才让售货员猜出她真正喜欢什么，真正想买什么，这是一个涉及面子的问题。考查固定搭配。a point of honor意为“涉及名誉的事情”;in one's honor意为“为某人的荣誉”;on one's honor意为“以某人的名誉担保”;an honor意为“光荣的人或事”，故选C。 69、B 这座房子可能下月出售。考查固定搭配。on the market意为“上市，出售”;fair意为“集市，庙会，交易会”;shop指“商店”;store意为“储存;仓库”，故选B。 70、A 乔治小的时候就被介绍参与了非法活动，受雇为毒贩子放哨。考查形容词词义辨析。illegal意为“不合法的，非法的”;lawful意为“依法的，守法的”;faithful意为“忠实的，守信的”;peaceful意为“平静的;安宁的”，故选A。 71、B 能称得上是大学的机构是一个比其他种类高等教育机构综合性和复杂性更高的机构。考查名词词义辨析。settlement意为“定居点，殖民地”;establishment意为“企业，社会公共机构(学校、医院、教会等)”;construction意为“建造，建筑物”;structure是“结构，构造”，故选B。 72、A 人的社会地位常常通过他们拥有多少财富来衡量。考查动词词义辨析。measure意为“估量，衡量”;examine意为“检查，调查”;test意为“试验，测试”;question意为“询问，审问”，故选A。 73、C 就标准而言，灵活应用似乎比生搬硬套更明智。考查形容词词义辨析。insensitive意为“对……没有感觉的”;allergic意为“过敏的”;sensible意为“明智的，合情理的”;infected意为“(伤口)被感染的”，结合句意本题选C。 74、A 如果饮食中的维生素和矿物质供给不够，就会导致体内发生化学变化。考查形容词词义辨析。inadequate意为“不充分的，不适当的”;incapable意为“无能力的，不能的”;incompatible意为“性质相反的，不相容的”;invalid意为“(法律上)无效的;有病的，病弱的”，由句意可知本题选A。 75、B 为了促进生育政策，我们国家做出了巨大努力，但实际上，出生率越来越高。考查固定词组用法。as it were表示“可以说，可谓”，用以评断自己的用词是否恰当;as it is表示“事实上，实际上”;as it was是as it is的过去时用法，没有as is it的说法，故本题选B。 76、B 每天平均吃掉约200克水果和蔬菜。考查名词词义辨析。dissipation意为“浪费;摄取，吃，喝”;consumption意为“消费，消费量”;disposal意为“处理，处置”;expenditure意为“支出，花费”，此处是指吃水果和蔬菜，故选B。 77、B 两位正在巡逻的警官对小汽车里的两个男人产生了怀疑。考查形容词词义辨析。generous意为“慷慨的，大方的”;suspicious意为“可疑的;怀疑的”;appreciative意为“欣赏的”;tolerant意为“容忍的”，结合句意本题选B。 78、B 他使对这一事件的不正确描述即将见诸报端。考查固定搭配。cause A to do B为固定搭配，本题中event与publish构成动宾关系，故应用不定式被动语态，所以本题选B。 79、D 他不仅自己借给别人钱，捐款，而且还鼓励别人也这样做。考查名词词义辨析。pension意为“养老金，退休金”;earning意为“所赚的钱，收入”;salary意为“工资”;donation意为“捐款”，结合句意可知本题选D。 80、C 看起来这里还是以田园风光为主。考查名词词义辨析。perspective意为“远景，景观”;view意为“景色”，尤其指从某一个特定的地方看到的景色;landscape意为“风景，风光”，侧重指田园风光;scene指某一个场面或场景。根据rural可知，此处是指田园风光，故本题选C。 81、B 访问签证期满后，他在美国非法生活了五年。考查动词词义辨析。abolish意为“废止，废除”;expire意为“期满，终止”;amend意为“修正”;constrain意为“强迫，抑制”，由句意可知本题选B。 PART ? READING COMPREHENSION TEXT A 82、B 本题考查对文中细节的理解。根据题干线索词Levi Strauss将答案锁定在文章第一段。根据A项中fashionable定位到第一段倒数第二句jeans have become fashionable in our society(牛仔裤已成为社会的时尚)，但不能说牛仔裤是时尚阶层的标志，故排除A;根据B项的changes in social attitude定位到第一段最后一句Furthermore，the pants have come to symbolize changes in social attitude(更进一步说，牛仔裤已代表了社会态度的转变)，所以B为正确答案。C和D明显与原文不符，故排除。 83、D 本题的出题点在段尾的结果处(so)。根据原文第二段倒数第二句so it is natural that teenagers would defy parents and school administrators over the right to wear jeans to class…(所以很自然，年轻人会违抗父母及学校管理者的意愿，争取穿牛仔裤上学的权利)，由此可推知在此之前学生是不允许穿牛仔裤到学校的，A、B和C三项在文中均明确提及，故选D。 84、C 本题出题点在直接引语处。根据选项判断此题与“牛仔裤的流行”有关。根据原文最后一段…(jeans are likely to be around for a long time to come(在未来很长的一段时间内，牛仔将继续存在)可知本题选C。 85、C 本题的出题点在让步状语从句处。根据原文最后两句Already they have succeeded where statesmanship has failed(Although unable to speak the same language(the inhabitants of this embattled planet have at least agree to wear the same pants((它们已获得了政治家们不能达到的成功。尽管语言不通，但是这个处于战备状态的星球上的居民至少已经同意穿同样的裤子了)，由此可知，最后两句暗示了政治家们就许多全球问题未能达成一致，故选C。 TEXT B 86、B 本题考查对文中细节的理解。根据题干关键词parkour和physical activity，可将答案锁定在文章第一段。该段第二句提到，跑酷不是极限运动，而是一种技艺或与武术中的自卫类似的训练，但并未说跑酷源于武术，故排除A和C。首段倒数第二句又提到，武术是一种格斗训练，而跑酷是一种逃跑训练，由此可以推断跑酷对于逃跑的人来说，十分有用，故选B。文章第二段第二句提到，从事跑酷的人不只移动得快，而且消耗的能量最少，但并未说跑酷能帮助我们走得越来越快，故排除D。 87、C 本题的出题点在人物观点处(Tracers claim…)。根据题干信息词定位到第三段。文章第三段首句提到，跑酷者声称，跑酷也通过提高批判性思考的能力来影响一个人的思维过程，这种批判性思考的能力可以使一个人克服日常身体和精神上的障碍，也就是可以克服危机的能力，C项的conquering crisis与原文的overcome every physical and mental obstacles属于同义转换，故选C。 88、D 本题需要根据选项一一定位排除。第三段第三、四句提到，跑酷者每次面对的障碍物都向其提出了挑战:如何才能有效地克服这一障碍?这取决于他们的身体类型、速度和靠近的角度、障碍物的组成等等，A项的Participator's figure相当于原文中的their body type，B项的relative location相当于原文中的angle of approach，故排除A和B。第三段倒数第二句提到，许多情况下，有效的跑酷技巧取决于对体重的快速分配和对冲力的应用，其实也就是面对障碍物所做出的反应，故排除C。只有D项原文中未提及，故选D。 89、C 本题需要根据选项一一定位排除。文章第二段第二句提到，从事跑酷的人不仅移动得快，而且消耗的能量最少，可见人们在跑酷的过程中需要减少能量消耗的技能，故排除A;文章首段倒数第二句As martial arts are a form of training for the fight，parkout is a form of training for the flight提到，练习武术是为了格斗，而练习跑酷是为了逃跑，所以C项明显是错的;文章最后一段提到了避免在跑酷中受伤的技巧，故排除D。 90、A 本题需要根据选项一一定位排除。根据A项的avoid定位到原文末段最后一句，该句提到练习跑酷的人强调循序渐进的练习以避免出现问题，也就是他们相信长期有效的练习可以避免伤害，A项是对原文的同义转述，故选A。根据B项中的Beginners定位到末段第一句，该句强调初学者应该多学一些基本技能，以锻炼其技能的多样性和有效性，由此可知，对于初学者忍耐力并不是第一位的，故排除B。C项“所有的跑酷者都不怎么关心自己的安全”，太过绝对，可排除;文中并未提到large drops是否是跑酷最难的技术，只是说large drops有一定的危险性，故排除D。 91、B 本题的出题点在人物观点处(According to…)。根据文章第一段第三句，该句提到跑酷的物质方面就是在紧急情况下尽力越过面前的所有障碍，结合选项可以推断跑酷最接近于障碍赛，故选B。 TEXT C 92、B 本题的出题点在因果关系句式处(because…)。根据题干信息词the shape of sea cucumbers 定位到原文第三段末句。该旬提到，通常这种生物是黄瓜状的，也因此而得名，因为它们生活在岩石上，它的这种形状加上它们的灵活性，使得它们能挤进裂缝里，躲避食肉动物和洋流，由此可以推断海参的形状可以帮助它们保护自己免受危险，故选B，选项中的help与原文的enable属于同义转换。 93、D 本题考查the faculty的指代含义，出题点在条件句式处(Although…)。根据题干信息词定位到原文第四段。第四段首句提到，虽然它们食欲极佳，日夜不停地吃，但是海参也有能力停下来并且将新陈代谢率降到很低的水平，这样提供给它们食物的其他生物有机体就有机会繁殖了。接下来第二句提到，如果不是因为这一本领(If it were not for this faculty…)，它们就会在短时间内吃掉所有可吃的食物，最后很可能会饿死。由此可知this faculty就是指前文的the capacity to become quiescent and live at a low metabolic rate，即指它们能把新陈代谢率降到很低的水平，故选D。 94、C 本题考查段落大意，需通读全段，重点找出中心句。结合上题的解析可知，第四段提到了海参既可以大量进食，又可以长时间不吃任何东西，由于海参有这一本领，海参的食物得以有机会繁殖，从而保证海参长期有食物。由此可知本段主要介绍的是海参的进食习惯，故选C。 95、A 本题的出题点在文章结尾的条件句式处(if...)。最后一段末句提到，即使轻轻地触摸海参，或者水温太高，或者水体污染严重，海参都会做出反应:喷出自己的内脏，再生等。这反映出海参是很敏 感的，故选A。 96、B 本题的出题点与上题相同，但考查的问题不同。根据题干信息词定位到末段最后一句。该句提到，当 海参受到袭击时，它们就会喷出所有的内脏，如果温度太高或水体污染严重，它们也会做同样的事， 题干的release its internal organs同义转述了原文的eviscerate，因此排除A、C和D，选 B。 TEXT D 97、B 本题的出题点在类比处(in a similar way)。根据题干信息词birds and fish将答案锁定在 文章首段第三、四句。这两句提到，鸟和鱼把天空和大海当作是理所当然的事，并未意识到它们深远 的影响，人类也一样，他们存在于一个充斥着文化规范的世界中，这些文化规范是在不知不觉中学得 又不假思索地应用的，由此可以推断，鸟和鱼的例子证明了人类也没有意识到自己受制于文化规范的 约束，故本题选B。 98、B 本题出题点在段落中心句处。根据题干信息词将答案锁定在第三段第二句。本题需要结合第三段第一 句来综合理解，该段前两句提到，世界各地的人们都希望打破他们自己的经验世界的束缚。他们敏锐 地应对更多的事件和民族，就要克服______，结合上下文可推断parochialism的意思最接近于B 项，provincialism意为“地方风尚，地方主义”。其他三项:open-mindedness意为“思想开放”， superiority意为“优越性”，discrimination意为“辨别力”，均排除。 99、C 本题是对两段中心论点的综合推断。根据题干信息词定位到最后两段。文章第三段介绍了人们渴望打 破原有的经验世界的束缚，但他们又有各种各样的理由不去这样做。第四段介绍了文化上的短视一时 间很难克服，因此在进行文化评价时难免带有偏见，综合理解可以推断出，假如一个人在一种文化中 长大，他在进行文化评价时就可能带有偏见，故本题选C。 100、B 本题出题点在段尾的并列句式处(whether…or…，both)。文章第二段末句提到，不论它是使一个 人与他的邻居脱离联系的个人神经症还是把不同文化的邻居分离开来的集体神经症，二者都限制了彼 此的互相学习和经验探讨。由此可以推断，个人和集体神经症都可能阻止一个人与其他人的交流，故 本题选B。 101、D 本题考查文章主旨，需着眼于全文。本文全篇讲的都是人类对文化的忽视，由此可以推断出本文标题 应该是D(文化近视——根深蒂固的集体神经症)。 PART ? WRITING SECTION A COMPOSITION 102、One Way to Solve the Rubbish Problem The world is developing very fast, but it is faced with a very serious environmental problem: the rubbish. Every day, people are throwing away garbage, and the increase in the amount has been sharper and sharper. As I see it, to reduce the huge amount of rubbish, government supervision is of essential importance. Evidence has shown that self-control is not sufficient for solving the rubbish problem. If governments take effective environment-oriented measures like imposing taxes on packaging, providing recycling services and fining households and shops that do not attempt to recycle their waste, environment protection actions will be highly encouraged. In addition, government participation in environmental protection will set a good example for the general public and people's awareness of the issue will be aroused. By publicizing the seriousness of the rubbish problem and the potential dangers it may bring to human beings, governments can make people fully convinced of the urgency of the problem and thus motivated to deal with it. Once people's awareness is aroused, they will tend to produce less rubbish either in their daily life or in the industrial production, and then the problem will be solved gradually. To sum up, governments play an important role in dealing with the rubbish problem because with the political will and effective measures, not only will the current production of rubbish be controlled, but also people's attitude towards rubbish and environmental protection will be changed, which will contribute to the ultimate solution to the problem. SECTION B NOTE-WRITING 103、April 3rd, 2012 Dear Jane, I'm so glad to receive your invitation and thank you very much for inviting me to your fancy ball this Saturday evening. But I am sorry that I will not be able to join you for I've got to take an important examination next Tuesday and I have to prepare for it these days. Thank you again for inviting me, anyway. Yours, Michelle