法律英语总结

Paragraph4 Main idea : Before imposing incarceration ,what should a sentencing court examine? 父母被监禁之前,法院的判决应该哪些考虑的因素? a sentencing court should examine : The first aspect: how incarceration of the parent is likely to affect the child.(two aspects) The second aspect: whether this is necessary to achieve the goals of criminal law? (1)法院判决对孩子的影响: A.circumstances(成长环境) B.where she is in developmental trajectory(发展方向) (infant、toddler stage)(以婴儿和刚学步两个阶段为例) (2)the goals of criminal law a.deterrence(威慑) b.retribution(惩戒) c.incapacitation(剥夺资格) d.rehabilitation(再教育) Paragraph5 Main idea: 对父母的监禁———影响政策制定者———影响判决法官和立法者 1.The incarceration of parent(对父母的监禁) 2.policy makers be forced to confront the costs imposed on children by our system of criminal punishment 立法者将被迫面对我们的犯罪惩罚系统对孩子所施加影 3.sentencing judges and legislators (1)investigate mechanisms of better protecting against the inconsistency of inflicting developmental harm on children- 判决法官和立法者探究更好的途径以保护因监禁对家庭造成的伤害 (2)grapple with the inconsistency of inflicting developmental harm on children and then holding them result when they become adults. 判决法官和立法者把握孩子受到伤害与当孩子长大成人后他们要为这样的结果负责之间的矛盾 Paragraph6 Mian idea .the least controversial approach to balance children’s interests against competing concerns is to address prison policies 平衡儿童的利益与相抵触的各因素之间的关系争议最少的的方法是改善监狱政策。 (1)why we should address prison policies(上文已分析) Harm on children eg: a.Prisons are frequently located in remote places that make visitation difficult for children 监狱的地点太偏僻会妨碍未成年人探视权的实现 b.compound the difficulty by providing for limited visiting hours 只给予有限的探视时间又对探视权的实现增加了困难 (2)the advantages of addressing prison policies a.benefit children b.not reduce the length or the severity of their parents’ sentences.