新编大学英语视听说教程第六册听力原文Unit_4

新编大学英语视听说第六册听力原文Unit_4 Unit 4 View Scene 1: In a classroom (Three students are discussing a news story for the campus TV.) Pauline: Hi, all right. We already have three pieces of news for tomorrow's morning news program for our campus TV. Have we left out anything important or exciting? Mary: Mm... we've missed one, I guess. Ian: Oh, that must be Dr. Johnson's talk. He's a professional photographer from downtown, from the art gallery. Uh... were you there, Pauline? The lecture hall was packed. Pauline: No, I couldn't go! I had a lab class that afternoon. Tell me about it, won't you? Mary: I've never thought of photography as an art. It was simply a skill. It was too mechanical and not creative enough. But now I'm fully convinced that photography is a unique and very important form of art. Pauline: Mm, they must have used a computer. Modern computer technology can change many things about a photo. Ian: Exactly. Dr. Johnson showed many examples of how digital photography works. He even invited some of the audience to come up on stage and experience the power of modern technology. Mary: There's an exhibition of his photos in the Student Union. Pauline, you should go and see it. Pauline: Yes, I will. OK, that's a good news item to put on air tomorrow. Please discuss the story and write it up. The report should be ready by nine tonight, all right? Ian & Mary: OK! Yeah. Sure. No problem! Scene 2: In a TV room (Two boys are watching a football game on TV.) Terry: Oh!... City United haven't scored yet. What's wrong with them? Ian: It's only the first half. They've only been on the field for half an hour. Terry: Look, there's Michael. He's running up the wing. He's good. Ian: No, he's not; he's bad. He's worse than the other winger. Terry: He's good. He's already scored one goal for City United. Oh look! He's near the ten yard line. And there's Philips. He's Bulls' worst defender. He's tackling Michael. Ian: No, that's not Philips; that's Tony. He's Bulls' best player. Terry: Frank is better than Tony. Look! Michael is near the in-zone now. He usually scores... Yes! Look at that... touchdown! Ian: Wow! What's the score now? Terry: Bulls 14, City United 7. What a game! Scene 3: On the way (Three people have just left the library. On the way, Alice is telling her experience of witnessing a woman who was accused of shoplifting in a ) supermarket. Alice: Do you know what I saw in the supermarket this afternoon? I saw a woman caught shoplifting! Dolly: Are you serious? Peter: Did you see the whole thing? What happened to the woman? Alice: Well, it wasn't really the woman taking things. She came to the supermarket with a baby boy in her arms. And you know, the baby was pretty excited to see so many colorful things on the shelf. So while the mom was taking things and putting them in her shopping cart, the baby was also picking things from off the shelf. Dolly: Did the mom see all this? Alice: Yes, I think so, because I saw her taking things and putting them back onto the shelf. Peter: How was that shoplifting then? Alice: It was fine when they came to the checkout point to pay. And there was nothing in the baby's hands. But when they came to the exit, the alarm rang and two store detectives stopped them. Dolly: What did they find? Alice: The detectives found a tube of toothpaste and a toothbrush under the baby's coat. The woman was taken to an office and was questioned. Dolly: Poor woman! Alice: The woman tried to explain the matter, but they wouldn't believe her at all. I later learned that they wouldn't let the woman go unless she paid $100 fine. Scene 4: In the campus TV studio (In the campus TV studio, Mary is reporting the news for the morning news program, the ) "Campus News". News Report 1: Talk on Photography Attracting Audience Good afternoon. Yesterday afternoon a talk on modern photography was held in the Grand Hall and attracted a full house. The talk, sponsored by the Student Union, was given by Dr. Johnson, a professional photographer from Arts Studio in the city. Dr. Johnson explained and demonstrated how an image in modern photography can be converted into numbers, which are later translated back into various shades of colors. His photos, some of which have won national awards, are now put on display in the Students' Center. News Report 2: Bulls Wins the Friendship Football Game Bulls played City United on the University football field this afternoon. The first half of the game was not very exciting. The score was pretty close with Bulls ahead of City United by one goal. But the situation changed completely in the second half. Bulls got a sound defense and the forwards combined very nicely. Although there were a few bad misses, Tony from Bulls made two goals in a row. The final score was Bulls 35 with City United scoring 7. News Report 3: Mother Fined for Shoplifting A mother was accused of shoplifting at Morrison Supermarket this afternoon. It was not really the mother who stole things from the supermarket. The mother came to the market with her baby boy in her arms. While the mother was putting her goods into the shopping cart, the boy, obviously fascinated by the colorful goods on the shelves, was also taking things. When they paid for what they had taken and reached the exit, they were stopped by two store detectives. It turned out that the boy had a tube of toothpaste and a toothbrush under his coat. The mother was questioned and left the store after paying a fine of $100. Campus Television, Mary Smith. Listen1-1 In the past, the different types of media usually acted independently of one another and often competed against each other. It was rare that people from the various media groups worked together to combine their resources. Recently, however, professionals from several different fields of journalism created a multimedia production called River of Song: A Musical Journey down the Mississippi It is a documentary production that will be shown on TV. In addition to the River. television series, there is also a series that will air on the radio, a two-CD soundtrack, and a 352-page book. The aim of the entire production, irrespective of the media involved, is to document the musical traditions along the Mississippi River. The story is told through a series of lively personal portraits of the musicians who live in the cities and towns along the river. These musicians are not superstars. Most of them are known only locally. For them, music isn't simply a means of acquiring wealth or fame; it is a method of preserving traditions and a way of life. Many people in the United States plan to watch the series on television, listen to it on the radio, and read about it in the book as well as in newspapers and magazines. They might also buy the CDs. Listen1-2 Listen 2-1 Host: Good evening, everyone. I feel privileged tonight to introduce to you our guest speaker, Dr. James Taylor. Dr. Taylor is an educational psychologist from the School of Education at the University of Leeds. He is a well-known researcher in the field of childhood education and has published extensively on related topics. Tonight he's going to talk to us about the effect of TV on children's academic development. Now without further delay, Dr. Taylor. Dr. Taylor: Thanks very much, Catherine. Well, I feel very pleased to be here to talk to you about a topic of common concern. Most of what I'm going to say tonight is, in fact, from findings of a research project I have been engaged in during the past two years. First, I'd like to discuss the relationship between TV and the development of children's brain power. And then I'll move on to suggest ways you can take charge of your TV and bring up smarter, happier and healthier kids. Did you know that children, on average, watch TV for more hours than they are in school? That's 16,000 hours in front of the telly by age 17! Television is not all bad—it certainly makes things easier for mom and dad. But the danger lies in overuse. New evidence suggests that, for little kids, television actually prevents the development of certain parts of the brain needed for thinking and relating. In other words, too much can make one's brain inactive! Children come with millions of brain cells ready for use. If they're not used in the early years, areas of the brain begin to die. You may think TV stimulates the brain—all that color and movement—but it does everything for you. It makes the pictures and provides the words, so you never have time to think. Watching it uses less of your brain than sleeping! A kid who watches television for many hours a day doesn't learn to make mind pictures, remember or imagine. By comparison, having a story read to them, or even listening to a taped story, means that your child learns to imagine, anticipate and express moods and emotions. They also enjoy this time with a parent. Children need to play and go outside in the yard. Television stops them from doing these things, and they can, literally, forget how to be creative. The result? Teachers find that kids are less able to voice their ideas clearly or reason things out today than 30 years ago. Now before I move on, any questions? Questions: 1. What is Dr. Taylor's research field? 2. How many hours do children generally spend in front of television by the age of 17? 3. Which of the foll owing is best supported by Dr. Taylor's talk? 4. Which of the following best expresses Dr. Taylor's attitude toward television? Listen2-2 Mlisten1-1 In Britain the tradition of buying a paper every day is very strong. Despite competition from other media, newspapers are still extremely popular and most households have a national daily. Britain's press is unusual in that it is divided into two very different types of newspapers—the so-called "quality" papers or broadsheets and the popular press or tabloids. Broadsheet newspapers contain a large amount of political, industrial and cultural news and also devote some pages to financial matters and international news. They have a formal layout style with quite lengthy articles. Tabloid papers are half the size of a broadsheet and compress the news into short, sharp articles. They often contain sensational stories and aim to excite the readers visually, by using techniques such as large headlines, pictures and cartoons. The different tabloids vary in their political views and content. It's not unusual for broadsheet readers to buy one of the tabloids—to get a different perspective on the news, perhaps. According to certain surveys, a few tabloid-format papers—like The Daily Mail and The —are in the middle ground between broadsheets and the other tabloids in Daily Express their style and views. There is another division in the British Press—that between national papers, covering national, foreign and political matters, and regional or local papers, serving a particular community. Regional papers can cater to a large area—The Scotsman, for example, is a regional paper for Scotland, and the Yorkshire Post is a regional for the county of Yorkshire in the north of England. The nationals are more popular than the regional papers; the total readership of all the regional and local dailies amounts only to about half the total readership of all the national dailies. Questions: 1. What are the two types of newspapers in Britain? 2. Why do some broadsheet newspaper readers like to buy a tabloid according to the speaker? 3. Which of the following is in the middle ground between broadsheets and tabloids? 4. What is the main topic of the passage? Mlisten1-2 Mlisten2-1 Katharine Graham was one of the most powerful women in America. She was born in 1917 into a wealthy New York family. Her father, Eugene Meyer, was a banker. She remembered her upbringing as a lonely one of governesses and boarding schools. When she was 16, her father bought a bankrupt newspaper at auction, The Washington Post. Six years later, Katharine Meyer was working at that paper on the editorial page. That work ended early, though, when in 1940 she married a brilliant young lawyer, Philip Graham. She became a housewife and mother. Her husband was brought into her family's business as associate publisher, and then, at 31, as publisher of The Post. Philip Graham was trying to build up the troubled newspaper, but he also suffered from manic depression. One August weekend in 1963, he shot himself to death at their Virginia farm. At the age of 46, Katharine Graham became the new president of The , and its sister magazine, Newsweek. Washington Post By her own account, though, she felt inadequate and struggled to become comfortable in the job. She finally built it into a profitable media empire. Perhaps her finest hour came during the Watergate scandal, when she stood by her journalists and backed the investigation that eventually brought down the President. Also, during The Post's aggressive coverage of the scandal, Katharine Graham set in motion the investigative reporting that has become a feature of today's news media. Her enduring role brought her into contact with generations of America's powerful. And tributes have come from all sections of Washington's society. But perhaps the greatest tribute is that the sense of purpose and integrity that Katharine Graham brought to her publications earned her the respect and admiration of her journalists and political enemies alike. Questions: 1. When did Katharine Graham's father buy The Washington Post? 2. How old was Katharine Graham when she became the president of The Washington ? Post 3. Which of the following is NOT true about Katharine G raham? 4. Which quality earned Katharine Graham the greatest tribute? Mlisten2-2 Mlisten3-1 Broadcaster: Welcome to "Information Highway". I am Dr. Linda Parker broadcasting live across the country from Washington. Tonight, we're talking about information revolutions. Now in our studio, we have Professor Bryan Wilson, an expert from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Well, Professor Wilson, how many information revolutions do you identify in Western history? And when did the first information revolution begin? Prof. Wilson: I have identified six periods in Western history that fit the description of an information revolution. The first revolution may be called the "Writing Revolution" and it began primarily in Greece about the eighth century B.C. When writing could be used to store knowledge, humans were no longer bound by the limits of memory. Broadcaster: You mean that knowledge would be boundless? Prof. Wilson: Exactly. Then came the second, the "Printing Revolution". It began in Europe in the second half of the 15th century, with the combination of paper, an import originally from China, and a printing system that the German goldsmith Johannes Gutenberg assembled. With printing, information spread through many layers of society. Broadcaster: What is the third revolution then? Prof. Wilson: That's the "Mass Media Revolution", which began in western Europe and the eastern United States during the middle of the 19th century. Broadcaster: Why is it called the "Mass Media Revolution?" Prof. Wilson: Because first there were advances in paper production and printing press methods. Then came the invention of the telegraph. All these combined to change the way information was conveyed. You know, for the first time, newspapers and magazines reached out to the common people. The fourth revolution may be called the "Entertainment Revolution" toward the end of the 19th century, with such technologies like stored sound, affordable cameras and motion photography. Stories were printed and sold cheaply. Like the pots and pans coming off the assembly lines of the Industrial Revolution, entertainment could now be infinitely replicated and canned. Broadcaster: It's interesting to compare entertainment products to the pots and pans produced from the assembly lines. The fifth and sixth revolutions may be revolutions our generation is now experiencing. Prof. Wilson: Right. The fifth revolution is the creation of the "Communication Toolshed Home". Begun in the middle of the 20th century, it has transformed the home into the central location for receiving information and entertainment. The telephone, broadcasting, recording, improvements in print technologies, and cheap, universal mail services, all these have contributed to the fifth revolution. The sixth revolution is the "Information Highway", and is now being constructed out of the combining of computers, broadcasting, satellites, and visual technologies. Mlisten3-2 Mlisten4-1 News 1: ADHD Runs in Families: Scientists Search to Identify Gene Five percent of all school-age children in the United States have some form of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, or ADHD. A research team at Washington University in St. Louis is studying ADHD to identify the genes that seem to increase the risk of developing the disorder. Washington University child psychiatrist Richard Todd says it is clear that ADHD runs in families. "ADHD has always been shown in twin and family studies to be extremely heritable—on the order of 70 to 80 percent—just as heritable as height, intelligence and many other behaviors." Richard Todd also says that some people with ADHD are hyperactive. Others cannot focus. Still others suffer from both problems. Todd says several genes might be involved and slight differences among them might predispose a person to inattention or hyperactivity. "What probably distinguishes these different syndromes is which parts of the brain are involved," he says, and adds, "It may very well be that all forms of ADHD that have prominent problems with inattention involve prefrontal areas of the brain, whereas those forms that also involve hyperactivity or impulsivity may also have abnormalities in other parts of the brain." Todd says understanding how genes influence risk may make it possible to develop better and more specific treatment for the disorder. The study appears in the Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. News 2: Remembering War Dead Under a gray November sky, military and civilian survivors of Britain's wars gathered at the Cenotaph memorial to remember those who died in past conflicts. At the first stroke of Big Ben at 11 o'clock GMT on this cold morning, the crowd observed a two-minute silence. A bugler sounded the Last Post. Then the Queen laid a wreath of blood red poppies at the foot of the stone memorial. Thousands of men and women, young and old, many with war medals pinned to their suits marched past the Cenotaph and saluted Prince Charles as they walked down the government district of Whitehall. Senior military officer, Air Chief Marshal, Jock Stirrup, was at the ceremony. "This day is not just about the Second World War, or about the First World War. It's about the sacrifice and the contribution of so many people over the years, right up until the present day." On the outskirts of the Iraqi city of Basra, British soldiers paused for a moment. Thousands of kilometers away from home their thoughts turned towards those they left behind, both on the battlefield and at home in Britain. News 3: Growth in Air Travel Harms Environment Falling ticket prices and rising incomes are leading to rapid growth in global air travel. According to the British government, the number of British air passengers, for example, will more than double in the next quarter of the century. Increases of such an order would mean much more aviation fuel being burned and aviation fuel may be more harmful to the environment than other fuels because the resulting smoke is emitted at high altitudes. A group of scientists at the environmental research group, the Tyndall Centre, say that if Britain is to meet its overall target for cutting damaging emissions, other uses of fuel like for heating homes or driving cars would have to be cut dramatically. The British government wants the use of aviation fuel covered by international agreement on the environment. The difficulty for any individual government is that taxing fuel used at its own airports might push airlines to move their operations to competing airports in other countries. Mlisten4-2 Questions: 1. According to News 1, what might cause ADHD? 2. In News 1, which of the following is mentioned as the symptom of ADHD? 3. In News 2, why did people gather at the Ce notaph memorial in London? 4. In News 2, who were also reported to observe the occasion? 5. According to News 3, what harms the environment with rapid growth in air travel? 6. According to News 3, why do more and more people like to travel by air? Quiz1-1 Bill: Everywhere I look I see magazines. Why do we have so many, Jean? Jean: Because we each have different ones, including you. I like the fashion magazines and the ones about young women in general. Bill: And your brother likes to read about cars and airplanes. Uh... things have really changed since I was young. There weren't many choices, and we all read the same magazines. Jean: True. Mom is always saying that when she was young she read The Ladies Home , and she could hardly wait for it to come each month. But there are many Journal other ladies' magazines now that I like better, such as Women's World and . Family Circle Bill: My family read Life magazine and Saturday Evening Post, which we got every Friday. Now they come out only four times a year, and they don't seem as interesting as they were then. I wonder what happened. Jean: I think people's interests have changed, and as Mom said, we have lots of choices now. Yes, I counted 15 different magazines on the newsstand the other day dealing with aviation. Hey, Dad, I wish I could read them all. Do you want to get them for me? Bill: No way! If you all keep buying so many magazines there won't be room for anything else in the home. Jean: Remember, Dad, you have your magazines too. You still read Reader's Digest, even though not many people read it any more. Dad, you're a bit old fashioned, I guess. Bill: Ha, ha, ha, ha ... Questions: 1. Which of the following magazines does Jean like to read? 2. Which of the following statemen ts is true according to the dialog? 3. In Jean's opinion, why are magazines not as interesting as they were? 4. How often do Life magazine and Saturday Evening Post come out now? 5. Why does Jean say that her father is old -fashioned? Quiz2-1 Digital mp3 players like Apple's iPod can download and play hours of music and thousands of images. It's not surprising that they are among the nation's most popular entertainment devices. Now, a handful of U.S. colleges and universities are using them as educational devices. When El Centro Community College in Dallas, Texas, introduced iPods to its classrooms in January of this year, instructor Cathy Carolan wasn't excited. But she dutifully recorded her lectures and diagrams for downloading to computers and iPods. And she went along with the plan that made her students long-distance learners—meaning they rarely had to show up in class for lessons. "I was the biggest cynic going," she admits. "I didn't trust it. Because I wondered, what about the connection with the students? I like to see the whites of their eyes. I want to see them understand it." So in a small panic early on in the download experiment, she called the students back to the downtown campus. "I said 'OK, you haven't sent me e-mails of questions, or any other work. I don't care. I want to see you; come up to class.' I sat with them and in the end I said, 'So you're fine with this?' They said, 'Yes, we're fine.' And I said 'So you're really just here because I had separation anxiety?' They said 'Yes, Miss Carolan. Can we go now?'" The students in Carolan's yearlong, intensive medical technology training program are not the typical undergrads. Many are professional nurses and work full-time. They're usually older, and have families, homes, and other responsibilities. Sharla Scovel, 52, who lives nearly an hour away from the downtown campus, explains that the iPod lets her listen to lectures in the grocery store line, or study diagrams while commuting to work. "I watch them as I travel by train. This morning I drove, but I was able to listen to the lecture that I had previously watched. I was able to review it as I was driving. It was great because we have such a volume of material that we have to learn, that one time over the material doesn't do it. This gives us the opportunity to review without having to sit down in front of a computer tied to a desk." That chance to listen as many times as necessary makes a difference, according to Cathy Carolan. "Back in the dark days, when students came to class, they got one try. They heard what I said, relied on the notes that they took, and then they had only one chance to pass a test." With the lectures on iPods and online discussion forums when requested by students, Carolan says her students grasp the material more quickly. Quiz3-1 The Seed School in Washington, D.C., provides an intensive educational program in a boarding school environment. Students live at a boarding school. The Seed School is one of the few public boarding schools in the country. It opened in 1998. It is a modern, high-technology school in the poorest part of the District of Columbia. Most of the students are black. Often they have grown up in areas of poverty and crime. Seed officials say the school provides a safe and secure environment 24 hours a day. The educational program is designed to prepare students for college. The boarding program is designed to help them learn life skills. School representatives work with local teachers and the community to identify students who could be helped by the school. Parents and children decide together if the Seed program is the best educational choice for them. It is not for everyone. Students enter the program in the seventh grade. They agree to stay for six years. The goal is to prepare them for success in college and in future employment. This means that learning continues after classes are over for the day. School officials say the students receive family and community support. They learn about personal responsibility. They learn to balance work and play. They can help teach younger students, or do community service. The school also offers sports and social activities. The Seed School currently has more than 300 students. So far, two classes have completed the program. School officials say all of the young people were accepted at universities. The Seed School is a charter school. This means it is privately operated but receives public money. Private gifts also help pay for the school. The Seed School has had some important supporters and guests. In November, Britain's Prince Charles and his wife, Lady Camilla, spent an afternoon there with First Lady Laura Bush. The boarding school in the nation's capital is the first opened by the Seed Foundation. The group says it plans to open schools in other cities, such as Baltimore and Los Angeles. More information about the program can be found on the Web at seedfoundation.com.