2004----2013考研英语翻译

2013考研英语(一)翻译真题- 46. yet when one looks at the photographs of the gardens created by the homeless, it strikes one that, for all their diversity of styles, these gardens speak of various other fundamental urges beyond that of decoration and creative expression. 然而当我们观看那些由无家可归的人创建的家园的照片时,它们的那些各种各样的风格,会给人以深深的震撼。这些家园在它的装饰和创造性示之上,透露出了其他基本的需求。 47. A sacred place of peace, however, crude it may be, is a distinctly human need, as opposed to shelt which is a distinctly animal need. 一块神圣的和平之地,不管它有多么粗糙,它都是一种人类基本的需求,和庇护所相反,那只是动物的基本需求。 48. The gardens of the homeless which are in effect homeless garden introduce from in to an urban environment where it either didn’t exist or was not discernible as such 无家可归的人的家园,事实上是无所谓家的家园,给要么是不存在的,要么是无法分辨得清的城市环境引入了一种形式。 49 . Mast of us give in to a demoralization of spirit which we usually blame on some psychological conditions until one day we find ourselves in a garden and feel the oppression vanish as if by magic 我们当中大多数人都屈服于精神的道德败坏,我们经常把这种精神上的败坏推卸到心理环境上,直到有一天我们发现自己处于一个家园当中,并感受到这种压迫好像魔法一样消失. 50. It is this implicit or explicit reference to nature that fully justifies the use of the word garden, though in a “liberated”sense, to describe these synthetic constructions. 正是这种隐晦或明显的涉及自然,尽管是从一种解放的意义上来说, 充分地证实了用来描述这些人造建筑的花园这个单词很贴切。 2012年考研英语(一)翻译部分答案及解析 46)In physics, one approach takes this impulse for unification to its extreme, and seeks a theory of everything — a single generative equation for all we see. 46. 物理学中,有一种将这种对统一性的紧迫需求发挥到了极致,追求一种具有普遍意义的理论,即为我们所见之物寻求一种单一的生成公式。 47)Here, Darwinism seems to offer justification, for if all humans share common origins, it seems reasonable to suppose that cultural diversity could also be traced to more constrained beginnings. 47. 在此,达尔文似乎给出了合理化的解释,这是因为如果整个人类有相同的起源,那么我们就有理由认为,文化的多样性同样也可以追溯到更为具体的开端。 48)To filter out what is contingent and unique from what is shared might enable us to understand how complex cultural behaviour arose and what guides it in evolutionary or cognitive terms. 48. 从共性中过滤出独特性,我们就可以明白文化行为起源的复杂性,以及文化行为在进化方面和认知方面的源动力。 49)The second, by Joshua Greenberg, takes a more empirical approach to universality, identifying traits (particularly in word order) shared by many languages, which are considered to represent biases that result from cognitive constraints. 49. 第二个为此做出努力的人是约书亚·格林伯格,他采用经验主义的方法来研究普遍性,确认多种语言(尤其是语序方面的)共同特征,这些特征被认为是体现了由于认知局限性而带来的偏见。 50)Chomsky’s grammar should show patterns of language change that are independent of the family tree or the pathway tracked through it, whereas Greenbergian universality predicts strong co-dependencies between particular types of word-order relations. 50. 乔姆斯基的语法体现了与树型结构及其间路径不相关的语言变化模式,而格林伯格的普遍性理论则预见了各种类型的语序关系中存在强烈的相互依存性。 2011 1 (46) Allen’s contribution was to take an assumption we all share-that because we are not robots we therefore control our thoughts-and reveal its erroneous nature. 参考翻译:、艾伦的贡献在于提供了我们能分担和揭示错误性质的假设--因为我们不是机器人,因此我们能够控制我们的理想 (47) while we may be able to sustain the illusion of control through the conscious mind alone, in reality we are continually faced with a question: “Why cannot I make myself do this or achieve that? ” 参考翻译:我们可以单独通过意识维持控制的感觉,但实际上我们一直面临着一个问题,为什么我不能完成这件事情或那件事情 (48) This seems a justification for neglect of those in need, and a rationalization of exploitation, of the superiority of those at the top and the inferiority of those at the bottom. 参考翻译:这似乎可能为必要时的忽视正名,也能合理说明剥削,以及在顶层的人的优越感及处于后层人们的劣势感 (49)circumstances seem to be designed to bring out the best in us and if we feel that we have been “wronged” then we are unlikely to begin a conscious effort to escape from our situation 参考翻译:环境似乎是为了挑选出我们的强者,而且如果我们感觉受了委屈,那么我们就不可能有意识的做出努力逃离我们原来的处境 (50) The upside is the possibilities contained in knowing that everything is up to us; where before we were experts in the array of limitations, now we become authorities of what is possible. 参考翻译:正面在于我们处于这样的位置,知道所有事情都取决与我们自己,之前我们对着一系列的限制,而现在我们成了权威 2010年英译汉 46. Scientists jumped to the rescue with some distinctly shaky evidence to the effect that insects would eat us up if birds failed to control them. 参考翻译: 科学家急忙介入,但提出的证据显然站不住脚,其大意是,如果鸟类不能控制昆虫的数量,昆虫便会吞噬我们人类。 47. But we have at least drawn nearer the point of admitting that birds should continue as a matter of intrinsic right, regardless of the presence or absence of economic advantage to us. 参考翻译: 但是我们至少近乎承认,无论鸟类能否带给我们经济价值,它们自有生存下去的权利。 48. Time was when biologists somewhat overworked the evidence that these creatures preserve the health of game by killing the physically weak, or that they prey only on “worthless” species. 参考翻译: 有证据表明:这些生物杀死体弱者来保持种群的健康,或者说它们仅仅捕食“没有价值”的物种。曾经有段时间,生物学家或多或少滥用了这一证据。 49. In Europe, where forestry is ecologically more advanced, the non-commercial tree species are recognized as members of the native forest community, to be preserved as such, within reason. 参考翻译: 在林业生态更为发达的欧洲,没有商业价值的树种被合理地看成是当地森林群落的成员,并得到相应的保护。 50. It tends to ignore, and thus eventually to eliminate, many elements in the land community that lack commercial value, but that re essential to its healthy functioning. 参考翻译: 这种保护体系往往忽视陆地群落中诸多缺乏商业价值,但对其健康运作至关重要的物种,而最终导致它们灭绝。 2009年真题翻译 It may be said that the measure of the worth of any social institution is its effect in enlarging and improving experience; but this effect is not a part of its original motive. 虽然我们可以说衡量任何一个社会机构价值的是其在丰富和完善人生方面所起的作用,但这种作用并不是我们最初的动机的组成部分。 Only gradually was the by-product of the institution noted, and only more gradually still was this effect considered as a directive factor in the conduct of the institution. 人们只是逐渐地才注意到机构的这—副产品,而人们把这种作用视为机构运作的指导性因素的过程则更为缓慢。 While it is easy to ignore in our contact with them the effect of our acts upon their disposition, it is not so easy as in dealing with adults. 虽然在与年轻人的接触中我们容易忽视自己的行为对他们的性情所产生的影响,然而在与成年人打交道时这种情况就不那么容易发生。 Since our chief business with them is to enable them to share in a common life we cannot help considering whether or no we are forming the powers which will secure this ability. 由于我们对年轻人所做的首要工作在于使他们能够在生活中彼此相融,因此我们不禁要考虑自己是否在形成让他们获得这种能力的力量。 We are thus led to distinguish, within the broad educational process which we have been so far considering, a more formal kind of education -- that of direct tuition or schooling. 这就使我们得以在一直讨论的广义的教育过程中进一步区分出一种更为正式的教育形式,即直接讲授或学校教育。 2008年翻译 he believes that this very difficulty may have had the compensating advantage of forcing him to think long and intently about every sentence, and thus enabling him to detect errors in reasoning and in his own observations. 他认为或许正因为(语言表达上的)这种困难,他不得不对自己要说的每句话都经过长时间的认真思考,从而能发现自己在推理和观察中的错误,结果这反而成为他的优点。 He asserted, also, that his power to follow a long and purely abstract train of thought was very limited, for which reason he felt certain that he never could have succeeded with mathematics. 他还坚持认为自己进行长时间纯抽象思维的能力十分有限,由此他也认定自己在数学方面根本不可能有大的作为。 On the other hand, he did not accept as well founded the charge made by some of his critics that, while he was a good observer, he had no power of reasoning. 另一方面,某些人批评他虽然善于观察,却不具备推理能力,而他认为这种说法也是缺乏根据的。 He adds humbly that perhaps he was “superior to the common run of men in noticing things which easily escape attention, and in observ ing them carefully.” 他又自谦的说,或许自己“在注意到容易被忽略的事物,并对其加以仔细观察方面优于常人”。 Darwin was convinced that the loss of these tastes was not only a loss of happiness, but might possibly be injurious to the intellect, and more probably to the moral character. 达尔文确信,没有了这些爱好不只是少了乐趣,而且可能会有损于一个人的思维能力,更有可能导致一个人道德品质的下降。 2007年真题翻译 Traditionally, legal learning has been viewed in such institutions as the special preserve of lawyers, rather than a necessary part of the intellectual equipment of an educated person. 长久以来,法律知识在这类学校里一起被视为律师们专有的,而不是一个受教育者的知识素养的必要组成部分。 On the other, it links these concepts to everyday realities in a manner which is parallel to the links journalists forge on a daily basis as they cover and comment on the news. 另一方面,这一学科把这些概念结合到日常生活中,这与新闻记者每天报道和评论新闻的做法是相同的。 But the idea that the journalist must understand the law more profoundly than an ordinary citizen rests on an understanding of the established conventions and special responsibilities of the news media. 新闻记者应比普通公民更加透彻地了解法律,而这种看法是基于他们对新闻媒体业已确立的规约和特殊责任的理解。 In fact, it is difficult to see how journalists who do not have a clear grasp of the basic features of the Canadian Constitution can do a competent job on political stories. 事实上,很难设想那些对加拿大宪法的基本要点缺乏清晰了解的新闻记者何以能胜任政治新闻的报道工作。 While comment and reaction from lawyers may enhance stories, it is preferable for journalists to rely on their own notions of significance and make their own judgments. 尽管律师的见解和反应会提高报道的质量,但新闻记者最好凭借他们自己对重要性的理解自行做出判断。 2006年真题翻译 I shall define him as an individual who has elected as his primary duty and pleasure in life the activity of thinking in Socratic (苏格拉底) way about moral problems. 我将他定义为一个对道德问题进行苏格拉底式思考并将此作为自己人生首要责任和快乐的人。 His function is analogous to that of a judge, who must accept the obligation of revealing in as obvious a manner as possible the course of reasoning which led him to his decision. 他的职责与法官相似,必须承担这样的责任:用尽可能明了的方式来展示自己做出决定的推理过程。 I have excluded him because, while his accomplishments may contribute to the solution of moral problems, he has not been charged with the task of approaching any but the factual aspects of those problems. 我之所以把他(普通科学家)排除在外,是因为尽管他的成果可能会有助于解决道德问题,但他承担的任务只不过是研究这些问题的事实方面。 But his primary task is not to think about the moral code, which governs his activity, any more than a businessman is expected to dedicate his energies to an exploration of rules of conduct in business. 但是,他的首要任务并不是考虑支配自己行为的道德规范,就如同不能指望商人专注于探索行业规范一样。 They may teach very well and more than earn their salaries, but most of them make little or no independent reflections on human problems which involve moral judgment. 他们可以教得很好,而且不仅仅是为了挣薪水,但他们大多数人却很少或没有对需要进行道德判断的、人的问题进行独立思考。 2005年真题翻译 Television is one of the means by which these feelings are created and conveyed -- and perhaps never before has it served so much to connect different peoples and nations as in the recent events in Europe. 电视是创造和传递感情的手段之一。也许在此之前,就加强不同的民族和国家之间的联系而言,电视还从来没有像在最近的欧洲事件中起过如此大的作用。 In Europe, as elsewhere, multi-media groups have been increasingly successful: groups which bring together television, radio newspapers, magazines and publishing houses that work in relation to one another. 多媒体集团在欧洲就像在其他地方一样越来越成功了。这些集团把相互关系密切的电视台、电台、报纸、杂志、出版社整合到了一起。 This alone demonstrates that the television business is not an easy world to survive in, a fact underlined by statistics that show that out of eighty European television networks no less than 50% took a loss in 1989. 仅这一点就表明在电视行业不是一个容易生存的领域。这个事实通过统计数字一目了然,统计表明在80家欧洲电视网中1989年出现亏损的不少于50%。 Creating a “European identity” t hat respects the different cultures and traditions which go to make up the connecting fabric of the Old Continent is no easy task and demands a strategic choice 创造一个尊重不同文化和传统的“欧洲统一体”绝非易事,需要战略性选择。正是这些文化和传统组成了连接欧洲大陆的纽带。 In dealing with a challenge on su ch a scale, it is no exaggeration to say “United we stand, divided we fall” 在应付一个如此规模的挑战过程中,我们可以毫不夸张地说,“团结,我们就会站起来;分裂,我们就会倒下去。” 2004年真题翻译 The Greeks assumed that the structure of language had some connection with the process of thought, which took root in Europe long before people realized how diverse languages could be. 希腊人认为, 语言结构与思维过程之间存在着某种联系。这一观点在人们尚未认识到语言的千差万别以前就早已在欧洲扎下了根。 We are obliged to them because some of these languages have since vanished, as the peoples who spoke them died out or became assimilated and lost their native languages. 我们之所有感激他们(两位先驱), 是因为在此之后, 这些(土著) 语言中有一些已经不复存在了, 这是由于说这些语言的部族或是消亡了, 或是被同化而丧失了自己的本族语言。 The newly described languages were often so strikingly different from the well studied languages of Europe and Southeast Asia that some scholars even accused Boas and Sapir of fabricating their data. 这些新近被描述的语言与已经得到充分研究的欧洲和东南亚地区的语言往往差别显著, 以至于有些学者甚至指责Boas和Sapir编造了。 Being interested in the relationship of language and thought, Whorf developed the idea that the structure of language determines the structure of habitual thought ma society. Whorf对语言与思维的关系很感兴趣, 逐渐形成了这样的观点:在一个社会中, 语言的结构决定习惯思维的结构。 Whorf came to believe in a sort of linguistic determinism which, in its strongest form, states that language imprisons the mind, and that the grammatical patterns in a language can produce far-reaching consequences for the culture of a society. Whorf进而相信某种类似语言决定论的观点, 其极端说法是:语言禁锢思维, 语言的语法结构能对一个社会的文化产生深远的影响。