DOC-2016年全国职称英语等级考试(理工类A级)模拟题(三)

DOC-2016年全国职称英语等级考试(理工类A级)模拟题(三) 2016年全国职称英语等级考试(理工类A级)模拟题 (三) 2016年全国职称英语等级考试(理工类A级)模拟题(三) 一、词汇选项 本大题共有15小题,每小题1.0分,共15.0分 1、[单选题]I wasn't qualified for the job really but I got it (anyhow). A besides B anyway C well D anymore 答案:B 解析:anyhow的一种意思是:不管其他句子所说的，本命题为真。可以看出，该词用在该句中非常合适，因为I wasn't qualified for the job really是"不管其他句子所说的"，I got it这个命题是真的。又如:I am coming anyhow，no matter what others say.其中的no matter what others say是说:不管其他人怎么说。I am coming这个命题是真的。anyway在绝大多数情况下表达的意义跟anyhow都相同，因而两者常可替换。anyhow有一种意思是后面所说的支持前面所说的，在这一种意思上，它等于besides. Mother certainly won't let him stay with her and anyhow he wouldn't.此处的anyhow可由besides替换。但练习题中的anyhow不是这个意思。anyhow也可用来结束会话，这也是well的一个功能。如:Anyhow，thanks a lot. Bye bye.但练习题中的anyhow不是用来结束会话的，因而不能由well替换。 2、[单选题]They have been living under the most (appalling) conditions for two years. A dreadful B bad C unpleasant D poor 答案:A 解析:appalling表示条件之差使人感到吃惊。dreadful有类似的意义。 如:My financial situation is dreadful.此句改用appalling也是可以 的。bad，unpleasant和poor都可以跟 condition搭配。因此可以说: They have been living under bad conditions for two years. They have been living under unpleasant conditions for two years. They have been living under poor conditions for two years.注意: appalling conditions蕴涵bad(或unpleasant或poor) conditions.但 反向的蕴涵是不成立的。用句通俗的话说，是appalling conditions必定 是bad(或unpleasant或poor) conditions，但是，bad(或unpleasant或 poor)conditions未必都是 appalling conditions。也就是说， appalling跟bad，unpleasant和poor在意义上存在着明显的差别。注 意:如果用bad或poor替换appalling，生成的都是错误的句子。 3、[单选题]The powers of the European Commission to (regulate) competition in the Community are increasing. A fight B abolish C remove D control 答案:D 解析:regulate:调整;控制。control:控制。She also had a temper, but she controlled it.fight:搏斗;战斗。More units to fight forest fires are planned. abolish:废除。The whole system should be abolished.remove:除去;消除。Most of her fears have been removed. 4、[单选题]Contact your doctor if the cough (persists). insists perseveres continues resists 答案:C 解析:persist:坚持;持续。continue:特续。She continued the work day after day. insist:坚持;坚持主张。My family insisted that I should not give in, but stay and fight. persevere:坚持。Despite the failure of his early experiments, the scientist persevered in his research. resist:反抗;顶住。The nation was able to resist the invasion. insist和persist在意义上并不完全相同。insist缺乏"持续" 这个义项。persevere也缺少"持续"这个义项。因此，正确的选择是 continue。"坚持""持续"在意义上似乎很接近，但在语义上的差别是很明显 的。"坚持"至少要求有生命的东西作主语，但"持续"就没有这个要求。 5、[单选题]These old buildings are (gorgeous). ridiculous lovely magnificent peculiar 答案:C 解析:gorgeous:好极了;壮丽的。magnificent:壮丽的;宏伟的。 There is a magnificent country house near the river.ridiculous:可 笑的。 It was an absolutely ridiculous decision.lovely:可 爱的;美 丽的。The girl is lovely.peculiar:奇特的;奇怪的。This house is peculiar in lots of ways.这些词都可替换，所生成的句子在语法上都是 正确的。相比之下，magnificent最接近gorgeous。 6、[单选题]Their interpretation was (faulty). wrong ambiguous unclear unbelievable 答案:A 解析:faulty:有错误的;有毛病的。wrong:有错误的;有毛病的。 Cheating is always wrong. ambiguous:歧义的;模棱两可的。This sentence is ambiguous. unclear:不清楚的。His itinerary is still unclear. unbelievable:不可信的。I find it unbelievable that people can accept this sort of behavior. 7、[单选题]Society is now much more (diverse) than ever before. colorful attractive flexible varied 答案:D 解析:diverse:多种多样的;不同的。varied:多种多样的;不同的。It is important that your diet is varied and balanced. colorful:多色 的;绚丽的。People in this small town wear colorful clothes. attractive:迷人的;吸引人的。She is both attractive and intelligent. flexible:灵活的。My schedule is flexible. 8、[单选题]Jack is a (diligent) worker. ambitious lazy hardworking clever 答案:C 解析:diligent:勤奋的，努力的。hardworking:勤奋的，努力的。 Jack was hardworking and energetic. ambitious:雄心勃勃的;有野心 的。Chris is so ambitious, so determined to do it all. lazy:懒惰 的。I was too lazy to read music. clever:聪明的。She is beautiful and clever. 9、[单选题]His claims seem (credible) to many people. workable convincing practical reliable 答案:B 解析:credible:可信的。convincing:可信的。That is the least convincing excuse that you could offer. convincing可替换credible而不改变句子的意思。workable:可行的，行得通的。 Your plan is workable. practical:实际的，现实的。He is weak in practical matters. reliable:靠得住的。John is a reliable man. 10、[单选题]The army should have operated (in conjunction) with the fleet to raid the enemy's coast. together in succession in alliance in connection 答案:A 解析:in conjunction with:与……共同(或协力)。together with具 有相同的意思，用together代入后，所生成的也是一个在语法上正确的句 子。in succession:接连发生，不跟with，如: He had missed five dinners in succession. in alliance with:结盟。They are now in a position to govern the state in alliance with either the Free Democrats or the Green Party. in connection with:与……一起; 与……相关。13 men were questioned in connection with the murder. 11、[单选题]The standards set four years ago in Seoul will be far below the athletes' (capabilities) now. capacities strengths possibilities abilities 答案:D 解析:capability:能力，力量。如:Now we have the capability of defending our country，all thanks to our own efforts. The country has the capability to defeat any aggressor. ability:能力，本领。 From each according to his abilities, to each according to his work. ability和 capability在意义上有相同的一面，因而在一定语境中 可以互换。可以看出，ability和 capability在搭配上是有差别的，前者 只可跟to搭配，但后者既可跟to又可跟of搭配。两者的形容词分别是 able和capable:I ought to be able to live on my salary. She was perfectly capable of taking care of herself.注意:capable只能跟of而不能 跟to搭配。不难看出，词的意义不决定句法结构。strength:力量;优 点。Their military strength has gone down because their air force has proved to be an effective force.此句中的strength可由capacity 替代而不改变句子的意义。possibility:可能性。 12、[单选题]The story was (touching). inspiring boring moving frightening 答案:C 解析:touching:动人的;感人的。moving:动人的;感人的。The beggar told her such a moving story that she almost wept. inspiring:鼓舞 人心的。He made an inspiring speech. boring:令人厌烦的。Not only are mothers not paid but also most of their boring work is unnoticed. frightening:吓人的。He gave us a frightening, but believable account of his childhood. 13、[单选题]He (achieved) success through hard work. reached reaped attained took 答案:C 解析:attain有通过努力取得了某种东西或达到某种状态的意思。如: He attained the position of minister. They were unable to attain their objectives. achieve的意思是通过努力取得或达到某种目标，意思 跟attain很接近，因而可由后者替换。reached也有"达到"的意思，但它 本身并不含"需要通过努力"，因而它不可替代achieved.下面举一个reach 用法的例子:The process of political change in South Africa has reached the stage where it is irreversible. reap是"收获，获得"的 意思。The painting depicted a group of peasants reaping a harvest of fruits and vegetables. You'll soon begin to reap the benefits of being fitter.take也有"获得，取得"的意思，但它不能跟success搭 配。 14、[单选题]From my (standpoint), you know, this thing is just ridiculous. position pointofview knowledge opinion 答案:B 解析:standpoint:立场:观点。point of view:观点;看法。The novel is shown from the girl's point of view. position:位置;立场。The union may shift its position on the question. knowledge:知识。To my knowledge, he owns three houses, and he may own more. opinion: 看法;意见。In my opinion, this book is the best book on the subject.虽然position也有"立场"的意思，但不能说from my position。 同样地我们也不能说from my opinion。 15、[单选题]They (scattered) after dinner. separated fled departed spread 答案:A 解析:scatter:分散;散布;消散。separate:分散;分离。We didn't separate until nightfall. flee:逃走;消失。The robbers tried to flee，but they were caught. depart:离开;出发。We are ready to depart. spread:展开;散布。The rumour quickly spread through the village. spread与scatter有相同的义项--"散布"。但此处只能是"分散" 的意思。 二、阅读判断 本大题共有7小题,每小题1.0分,共7.0分 1、[材料题]Bill Gates: Unleashing Your Creativity I've always been an optimist and I suppose it is rooted in my belief that the power of creativity and intelligence can make the world a better place. For as long as I can remember, I've loved learning new things and solving problems. So when I sat down at a computer for the first time in seventh grade, I was hooked. It was a clunky old teletype machine and it could barely do anything compared to the computers we have today.But it changed my life. When my friend Paul Allen and I started Microsoft 30 years ago, we had a vision of "a computer on every desk and in every home",which probably sounded a little too optimistic at a time when most computers were the size of refrigerators. But we believed that personal computers would change the world. And they have. And after 30 years, I'm still as inspired by computers as I was back in seventh grade. I believe that computers are the most incredible tool we can use to feed our curiosity and inventiveness - to help us solve problems that even the smartest people couldn't solve on their own. Computers have transformed how we learn, giving kids everywhere a window into all of the world's knowledge. They're helping us build communities around the things we care about and to stay close to the people who are important to us, no matter where they are. Like my friend Warren Buffett, I feel particularly lucky to do something every day that I love to do. He calls it"tap-dancing to work". My job at Microsoft is as challenging as ever, but what makes me"tap-danceing to work"is when we show people something new, like a computer that can recognize your handwriting or your speech, or one that can store a lifetime's worth of photos, and they say, "I didn't know you could do that with a PC!" But for all the cool things that a person can do with a PC, there are lots of other ways we can put our creativity and intelligence to work to improve our world. There are still far too many people in the world whose most basic needs go unmet. Every year, for example, millions of people die from diseases that are easy to prevent or treat in the developed world. I believe that my own good fortune brings with it a responsibility to give back to the world.My wife, Melinda, and I have committed to improving health and education in a way that can help as many people as possible. As a father, I believe that the death of a child in Africa is no less poignant or tragic than the death of a child anywhere else, and that it doesn't take much to make an immense difference in these children's lives. I'm still very much an optimist, and I believe that progress on even the world's toughest problems is possible - and it's happening every day. We're seeing new drugs for deadly diseases,new diagnostic tools, and new attention paid to the health problems in the developing world. I'm excited by the possibilities I see for medicine, for education and, of course, for technology. And I believe that through our natural inventiveness, creativity and willingness to solve tough problems, we're going to make some amazing achievements in all these areas in my lifetime. 1、[单选题]A computer was as big as an icebox when Bill Gates was a high school student. Right Wrong Not mentioned 答案:A 解析: 2、[单选题]Bill Gates has been dreaming of the popularity of computers for his lifetime. Right Wrong Not mentioned 答案:A 解析: 3、[单选题]Bill Gates compares his hard work on a PC to "tap- dancing to work". Right Wrong Not mentioned 答案:B 解析: 4、[单选题]To Bill Gates' mind, there is a big difference between the death of the poor's children and the death of the rich's children. Right Wrong Not mentioned 答案:B 解析: 5、[单选题]So far Bill Gates has contributed several dozen billion dollars to the charities. Right Wrong Not mentioned 答案:C 解析: 6、[单选题]Bill Gates and his wife consider it their duty to help the poor better their health and education as much as possible. Right Wrong Not mentioned 答案:A 解析: 7、[单选题]Bill Gates will leave only a small portion of his wealth for his children. Right Wrong Not mentioned 答案:C 解析: 答案: 解析: 三、概括大意与完成句子 1、[材料题]Maglev Trains 本大题共有8小题,每小题1.0分,共8.0分 1 A few countries are using powerful electromagnets to develop high-speed trains, called maglev trains. Maglev is short for magnetic levitation, which means that these trains float over a guideway using the basic principles of magnets to replace the old steel wheel and track trains. 2 If you've ever played with magnets,you know that opposite poles attract and like poles repel each other. This is the basic principle behind electromagnetic propulsion. Electromagnets are similar to other magnets in that they attract metal objects, but the magnetic pull is temporary. You can easily create a small electromagnet yourself by connecting the ends of a copper wire to the positive and negative ends of an AA-cell battery.This creates a small magnetic field. If you disconnect either end of the wire from the battery, the magnetic field is taken away. 3 The magnetic field created in this wire-and-battery experiment is the simple idea behind a maglev train rail system. There are three components to this system: A large electrical power source, metal coils lining a guideway or track, and large guidance magnets attached to the underside of the train. 4 The big difference between a maglev train and a conventional train is that maglev trains do not have an engine - at least not the kind of engine used to pull typical train cars along steel tracks. The engine for maglev trains is rather unnoticeable. Instead of using fossil fuels, the magnetic field created by the electrified coils in the guideway walls and the track combine to propel the train. 5 The magnetized coil running along the track, called a guideway, repels the large magnets on the train's undercarriage, allowing the train to levitate between 1 to 10 cm above the guideway.Once the train is levitated, power is supplied to the coils within the guideway walls to create a unique system of magnetic fields that pull and push th train along the guideway. The electric current supplied to the coils in the guideway walls is constantly alternating to change the polarity of the magnetized coils. This change in polarity causes the magnetic field in front of the train to pull the vehicle forward, while the magnetic field behind the train adds more forward thrust. 6 Maglev trains float on a cushion of air, eliminating friction. This lack of friction allows these trains to reach unprecedented ground transportation speeds of more than 500 kph, or twice as fast as the fastest conventional train. At 500 kph, you could travel from Paris to Rome in just over two hours. 1、[单选题]Paragraph 3_______ The Main Components of the Maglev Train System High-speed Maglev due to Zero Friction The Working Principle of the Maglev Train Differences between Polarity and Magnetic Field Comparison of Maglev Trains with Traditional Ones Maglev with a Powerful Motor 答案:A 解析: 2、[单选题]Paragraph 4 _______ The Main Components of the Maglev Train System High-speed Maglev due to Zero Friction The Working Principle of the Maglev Train Differences between Polarity and Magnetic Field Comparison of Maglev Trains with Traditional Ones Maglev with a Powerful Motor 答案:E 解析: 3、[单选题]Paragraph 5_______ The Main Components of the Maglev Train System High-speed Maglev due to Zero Friction The Working Principle of the Maglev Train Differences between Polarity and Magnetic Field Comparison of Maglev Trains with Traditional Ones Maglev with a Powerful Motor 答案:C 解析: 4、[单选题]Paragraph 6 _______ The Main Components of the Maglev Train System High-speed Maglev due to Zero Friction The Working Principle of the Maglev Train Differences between Polarity and Magnetic Field Comparison of Maglev Trains with Traditional Ones Maglev with a Powerful Motor 答案:B 解析: 5、[单选题]Several countries in the world are using strong electromagnets_______. to develop a maglev train rail system To explain why maglev trains are faster to pull and push the train forward to create a magnetic field to experiment with the maglev train to travel from Paris to Rome in about two hours 答案:A 解析: 6、[单选题]You can connect a wire to the positive and negative ends of a battery_______. to develop a maglev train rail system To explain why maglev trains are faster to pull and push the train forward to create a magnetic field to experiment with the maglev train to travel from Paris to Rome in about two hours 答案:D 解析: 7、[单选题]A unique system of magnetic fields is created by the coils_______. to develop a maglev train rail system To explain why maglev trains are faster to pull and push the train forward to create a magnetic field to experiment with the maglev train to travel from Paris to Rome in about two hours 答案:C 解析: 8、[单选题]The frictionless maglev train enables you_______. to develop a maglev train rail system To explain why maglev trains are faster to pull and push the train forward to create a magnetic field to experiment with the maglev train to travel from Paris to Rome in about two hours 答案:F 解析: 答案: 解析: 四、阅读理解 本大题共有15小题,每小题3.0分,共45.0分 1、[材料题]Putting Plants to Work Using the power of the sun is nothing new. People have had solar-powered calculators and buildings with solar panels for decades. But plants are the real experts: They've been using sunlight as an energy source for billions of years. Cells in the green leaves of plants work like tiny factories to convert sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water into sugars and starches,stored energy that the plants can use. This conversion process is called photosynthesis. Unfortunately, unless you're a plant, it's difficult and expensive to convert sunlight into storable energy. That's why scientists are taking a closer look at exactly how plants do it. Some scientists are trying to get plants, or biological cells that act like plants, to work as miniature photosynthetic power stations. For example, Maria Ghirardi of the National Renewable Energy Laboratory in Golden, Colo, is working with green algae. She's trying to trick them intoproducing hydrogen instead of sugars when they perform photosynthesis. Once the researchers can get the algae working efficiently, the hydrogen that they produce could be used to power fuel cells in cars or to generate electricity. The algae are grown in narrow-necked glass bottles to produce hydrogen in the lab.During photosynthesis, plants normally make sugars or starches. "But under certain conditions,a lot of algae are able to use the sunlight energy not to store starch, but to make hydrogen."Ghirardi says.For example, algae will produce hydrogen in an airfree environment. It's the oxygen in the air that prevents algae from making hydrogen most of the time. Working in an airfree environment, however, is difficult. It's not a practical way to produce cheap energy. But Ghirardi and her colleagues have discovered that by removing a chemical called sulfate from the environment that the algae grow in, they will make hydrogen instead of sugars,even when air is present. Unfortunately, removing the sulfate also makes the algae's cells work very slowly, and not much hydrogen is produced. Still, the researchers see this as a first step in their goal to produce hydrogen efficiently from algae. With more work, they may be able to speed the cells' activity and produce larger quantities of hydrogen. The researchers hope that algae will one day be an easy-to-use fuel source. The organisms are cheap to get and to feed, Ghirardi says, and they can grow almost anywhere: "You can grow them in a reactor, in a pond. You can grow them in the ocean. There's a lot of flexibility in how you can use these organisms. " 1、[单选题]What does the writer say about plants concerning solar energy? Plants are the real experts in producing solar energy. Plants have been used to produce solar energy. Plants have been using solar energy for billions of years. Plants have been a source of solar energy. 答案:C 解析: 2、[单选题]Why do some scientists study how plants convert sunlight,carbon dioxide, and water into sugars and starches? Because they want algae to produce sugars and starches. Because they want green plants to become a new source of energy. Because they want to turn plant sugars to a new form of energy. Because they want to make photosynthesis more efficient. 答案:B 解析: 3、[单选题]According to the fifth paragraph, under what conditions are algae able to use solar energy to make hydrogen? When there is a lot of oxygen in the air. When there is no oxygen in the air. When photosynthesis is taking place. When enough starch is stored. 答案:B 解析: 4、[单选题]Researchers have met with difficulties when trying to make algae produce hydrogen efficiently.Which one of the following is one such difficulty? It is not possible to remove sulfate from the environment. It is not possible to work in an airfree environment to produce hydrogen. It is not easy to make sugars instead of hydrogen. It is too slow for algae to produce hydrogen when the sulfate is removed. 答案:D 解析: 5、[单选题]What is NOT true of algae? They are easy to grow. They can be a very good fuel source. They are cheap to eat. They can be used in many ways. 答案:C 解析: 答案: 解析: 2、[材料题]Clone Farm Factory farming could soon enter a new era of mass production. Companies in the US are developing the technology needed to "clone" chickens on a massive scale. Once a chicken with desirable traits has been bred or genetically engineered, tens of thousands of eggs, which will hatch into identical copies, could roll off the production lines every hour. Billions of clones could be produced each year to supply chicken farms with birds that all grow at the same rate, have the same amount of meat and taste the same. This, at least. is the vision of the US's National Institute of Science and Technology, which has given Origen Therapeutics of Burlingame, California, and Embrex of North Carolina ,4.7 million to help fund research. The prospect has alarmed animal welfare groups, who fear it could increase the suffering of farm birds. That's unlikely to put off the poultry industry, however, which wants disease-resistant birds that grow faster on less food. "Ptoducers would like the same meat quantity but to use reduced inputs to get there," says Mike Fitzgerald of Origen. To meet this demand, Origen aims to "create an animal that is effectively a clone", he says. Normal cloning doesn't work in birds because eggs can't be removed and implanted. Instead, the company is trying to bulk-grow embryonic stem cells taken from fertilized eggs as soon as they're laid. "The trick is to culture the cells without them starting to distinguish, so they remain pluripotent," says Fitzgerald. Using a long-established technique, these donor cells will then be injected into the embryo of a freshly laid, fertilized recipient egg, forming a chick that is a"chimera". Strictly speaking a chimera isn't a clone, because it contains cells from both donor and recipient. But Fitzgerald says it will be enoughif,say, 95 percent of a chicken's body develops from donor cells. "In the poultry world, it doesn't matter if it's not 100 percent," he says. Another challenge for Origen is to scale up production. To do this,it has teamed up with Embrex, which produces machines that can inject vaccines into up t0 50,000 eggs an hour.Embrex is now trying to modify the machines to locate the embryo and inject the cells into precisely the right spot without killing it. In future, Origen imagines freezing stem cells from different strains of chicken. If orders come in for a particular strain, millions of eggs could be produced in months or even weeks. At present, maintaining all the varieties the market might call for is too expensive for breeders, and it takes years to bread enough chickens to produce the billions of eggs that farmers need. 1、[单选题]Which statement is the best description of the new era of factory farming according to the first paragraph? Eggs are all genetically engineered. Thousands of eggs are produced every hour. Cloned chickens are bulk-produced with the same growth rate, weight and taste. Identical eggs can be hatched on the production lines. 答案:C 解析: 2、[单选题]Which institution has offered ,4.7 million to fund the research? The US's National Institute of Science and Technology. Origen Therapeutics of Burlingame, California. Embrex of North Carolina. Animal welfare groups. 答案:A 解析: 3、[单选题]In the third paragraph, by saying "Producers would like the same meat quantity but to use reduced inputs to get there," Mike Fitzgerald means that he wishes chickens' quality could be maintained but with less investment. chickens' taste could be improved but at less inputs. chickens' growth rate could be quickened but with less inputs. chickens could grow to the same weight but with less feed. 答案:D 解析: 4、[单选题]Which of the following statements about Origen and Embrex is correct according to the fifth paragraph? Origen and Embrex will jointly invent machines to increase production. Origen wants to purchase an efficient donor cells injecting machine. Origen has joined hands with Embrex in producing cell-injecting machines. Origen is the leading company in producing embryo-locating machines. 答案:C 解析: 5、[单选题]The technology of freezing stem cells from different strains of chicken can do all the following EXCEPT that farmers can order certain strains of chicken only. Origen can supply all the strains of chicken the market might need. chicken farmers order certain strains of chicken for economic reasons. chicken farmers can be supplied with whatever strain they need. 答案:A 解析: 答案: 解析: 3、[材料题]Forecasting Methods There are several different methods that can be used to create a forecast. The method a forecaster chooses depends upon the experience of the forecaster, the amount of information available to the forecaster, the level of difficulty that the forecast situation presents, and the degree of accuracy or confidence needed in the forecast. The first of these methods is the persistence method; the simplest way of producing a forecast. The persistence method assumes that the conditions at the time of the forecast will not change. For example, if it is sunny and 87 degrees today, the persistence method predicts that it will be sunny and 87 degrees tomorrow. If two inches of rain fell today, the persistence method would predict two inches of rain for tomorrow. However, if weather conditions change significantly from day to day, the persistence method usually breaks down and is not the best forecasting method to use. The trends method involves determining the speed and direction of movement for fronts, high and low pressure centers, and areas of clouds and precipitation. Using this information, the forecaster can predict where he or she expects those features to be at some future time. For example, if a storm system is l,000 miles west of your location and moving to the east at 250 miles per day, using the trends method you would predict it to arrive in your area in 4 days. The trends method works well when systems continue to move at the same speed in the same direction for a long period of time. If they slow down, speed up, change intensity, or change direction, the trends forecast will probably not work as well. The climatology method is another simple way of producing a forecast. This method involves averaging weather statistics accumulated over many years to make the forecast. For example, if you were using the climatology method to predict the weather for New York City on July 4th, you would go through all the weather data that has been recorded for every July 4th and take an average. The climatology method only works well when the weather pattem is similar to that expected for the chosen time of year. If the pattern is quite unusual for the given time of year, the climatology method will often fail. The analog method is a slightly more complicated method of producing a forecast. It involves examining today's forecast scenario and remembering a day in the past when the weather scenario looked very similar( an analog). The forecaster would predict that the weather in this forecast will behave the same as it did in the past. The analog method is difficult to use because it is virtually impossible to find a predict analog. Various weather features rarely align themselves in the same locations as they were in the previous time. Even small differences between the current time and the analog can lead to very different results. 1、[单选题]What factor is NOT mentioned in choosing a forecasting method? Imagination of the forecaster. Necessary amount of information. Practical knowledge of the forecaster. Degree of difficulty involved in forecasting. 答案:A 解析: 2、[单选题]Persistence method will work well if weather conditions change greatly from day to day. if weather conditions do not change much. on sunny days. on rainy days. 答案:B 解析: 3、[单选题]The limitation of the trends method is the same as the persistence method in that it makes predictions about weather. it makes predictions about precipitation. the weather features need to be well defined. the weather features need to be constant for a long period of time. 答案:D 解析: 4、[单选题]Which method may involve historical weather data? The trends method. The analog method. Both climatology method and analog method. The trends method and the persistence method. 答案:C 解析: 5、[单选题]It will be impossible to make weather forecast using the analog method when the current weather scenario differs from the analog. when the current weather scenario is the same as the analog. when the analog is over ten years old. when the analog is a simple repetition of the current weather scenario. 答案:A 解析: 答案: 解析: 五、补全短文 本大题共有5小题,每小题2.0分,共10.0分 1、[材料题]Musical Training Can Improve Communication Skills American scientists say musical training seems to improve communication skills and language retardation. They found that developing musical skills involves the same process in the brain as learning how to speak. The scientists believe that could help children with learning disabilities. _______(1). She says musical training involves putting together different kinds of information,such as hearing music, looking at musical notes, touching an instrument and watching other musicians. This process is not much different from learning how to speak. _______(2) She further explains musical training and learning to speak each make us think about what we are doing. She says speech and music pass through a structure of the nervous system called the brain stem. _______(3). Until recently, experts have thought the brain stem could not be developedor changed. But Professor Krauss and her team found that musical training can improve a person's brain stem activity. The study involved individuals with different levels of musical ability. They were asked to wear an electrical device that measures brain activity. The Individuals wore the electrode while they watched a video of someone speaking and a person playing a musical instrument - the cello._______(4). The study found that the more years of training people had, the more sensitive theywere to the sound and rhythm of the music. Those who were involved in musical activities were the same people in whom the improvement of sensory events was the strongest._______(5). She says using music to improve listening skills could mean they hear sentences and understand facial expressions better. 1、[单选题]空白(1)处选项是( )。 Both involve different senses. Nina Kraus is a neurobiologist (神经生物学家)at Northwestern University in Illinois. Some disabled children attended the musical training class. It shows the importance of musical training to children with learning disabilities. Professor Krauss says cellos have sound qualities similar to some of the sounds that are important with speech. The brain stem controls our ability to hear. 答案:B 解析:"空白(1)"后面句子的主语是代词"she"，说明"空白(1)"的句子中有一个女性的名字。选项B 中有"Nina Kraus"，句子的内容是介绍Nina Kraus，与后面句子的意思配得上。 参考译文 音乐训练可以提高交流技能 美国科学家称音乐训练可以提高交流技能并改善语言障碍。他们发现，培养音乐技能和学习 如何讲话在人脑中所经历的过程是相同的。科学家发现，音乐训练可以帮助那些存在学习障碍的儿童。 妮娜?克劳斯是伊利诺伊州西北大学的神经生物学家=她说音乐训练包括整合不同类型的信 息，如听音乐、看音符、触摸乐器和观察其他音乐家。这个过程和学习讲话并没有太大的不同，它们涉及不同的感官。 她又进一步解释了音乐训练和学习说话两者都使我们思考正在做的事。她说，话语和音乐 都会通过称为脑干的神经系统组织，脑干控制我们的听力。直到近日，专家们还都认为脑干是不能被改善或改变的。但是克劳斯教授和她的团队却发现音乐训练可以改善一个人的脑干活动。 这项研究包含音乐能力水平各不相同的人。这些人被要求戴上一种可以测量脑部活动的电极 装置。在这些人戴上电极装置的同时，他们会观看某人讲话和某人演奏乐器(大提琴)的视频。克劳斯教授说大提琴的音质和一些对演讲很重要的声音的音质非常相似。这项研究表明，人们接 受音乐训练的年份越长，其对音乐声音和节奏的敏感性就越高。那些接受过音乐训练的人在感官测试中取得的进步也最大。这表明了音乐训练对存在学习障碍的儿童的重要性。克劳斯教授说， 使用音乐来改善听力意味着儿童可以更好地听一些句子和更好地理解一些面部表情。 2、[单选题]空白(2)处选项是( )。 Both involve different senses. Nina Kraus is a neurobiologist (神经生物学家)at Northwestern University in Illinois. Some disabled children attended the musical training class. It shows the importance of musical training to children with learning disabilities. Professor Krauss says cellos have sound qualities similar to some of the sounds that are important with speech. The brain stem controls our ability to hear. 答案:A 解析:本段第二、第三句说，音乐训练和学习这两件事没有很大的不同。 选项A解释了为 什么这么 说，因为两者都涉及不同的感官，也就是上文所列举的"hearing music(耳 听)""looking at musical notes/ watching other niusicians(眼看)""touching an instrument(手触)"等。 参考译文 音乐训练可以提高交流技能 美国科学家称音乐训练可以提高交流技能并改善语言障碍。他们发现，培 养音乐技能和学习 如何讲话在人脑中所经历的过程是相同的。科学家发 现，音乐训练可以帮助那些存在学习障碍的儿童。 妮娜?克劳斯是伊利诺 伊州西北大学的神经生物学家=她说音乐训练包括整合不同类型的信 息，如 听音乐、看音符、触摸乐器和观察其他音乐家。这个过程和学习讲话并没有 太大的不同，它们涉及不同的感官。 她又进一步解释了音乐训练和学习说话两者都使我们思考正在做的事。她 说，话语和音乐 都会通过称为脑干的神经系统组织，脑干控制我们的听 力。直到近日，专家们还都认为脑干是不能被改善或改变的。但是克劳斯教 授和她的团队却发现音乐训练可以改善一个人的脑干活动。 这项研究包含音乐能力水平各不相同的人。这些人被要求戴上一种可以测 量脑部活动的电极 装置。在这些人戴上电极装置的同时，他们会观看某人 讲话和某人演奏乐器(大提琴)的视频。克劳斯教授说大提琴的音质和一些 对演讲很重要的声音的音质非常相似。这项研究表明，人们接 受音乐训练 的年份越长，其对音乐声音和节奏的敏感性就越高。那些接受过音乐训练的 人在感官测试中取得的进步也最大。这表明了音乐训练对存在学习障碍的儿 童的重要性。克劳斯教授说， 使用音乐来改善听力意味着儿童可以更好地 听一些句子和更好地理解一些面部表情。 3、[单选题]空白(3)处选项是( )。 Both involve different senses. Nina Kraus is a neurobiologist (神经生物学家)at Northwestern University in Illinois. Some disabled children attended the musical training class. It shows the importance of musical training to children with learning disabilities. Professor Krauss says cellos have sound qualities similar to some of the sounds that are important with speech. The brain stem controls our ability to hear. 答案:F 解析:在六个选项中，选项F的句子中出现特指的"the brain stem"，说 明前文已出现过这个词 语。这是篇章写作中常用的词汇连接方式。从意义 上看，选项F的句子是解释上文提到的 "brain stem"的功能。上下文意思 连贯，所以F项是答案。 参考译文 音乐训练可以提高交流技能 美国科学家称音乐训练可以提高交流技能并改善语言障碍。他们发现，培 养音乐技能和学习 如何讲话在人脑中所经历的过程是相同的。科学家发 现，音乐训练可以帮助那些存在学习障碍的儿童。 妮娜?克劳斯是伊利诺 伊州西北大学的神经生物学家=她说音乐训练包括整合不同类型的信 息，如 听音乐、看音符、触摸乐器和观察其他音乐家。这个过程和学习讲话并没有 太大的不同，它们涉及不同的感官。 她又进一步解释了音乐训练和学习说话两者都使我们思考正在做的事。她 说，话语和音乐 都会通过称为脑干的神经系统组织，脑干控制我们的听 力。直到近日，专家们还都认为脑干是不能被改善或改变的。但是克劳斯教 授和她的团队却发现音乐训练可以改善一个人的脑干活动。 这项研究包含音乐能力水平各不相同的人。这些人被要求戴上一种可以测 量脑部活动的电极 装置。在这些人戴上电极装置的同时，他们会观看某人 讲话和某人演奏乐器(大提琴)的视频。克劳斯教授说大提琴的音质和一些 对演讲很重要的声音的音质非常相似。这项研究表明，人们接 受音乐训练 的年份越长，其对音乐声音和节奏的敏感性就越高。那些接受过音乐训练的 人在感官测试中取得的进步 也最大。这表明了音乐训练对存在学习障碍的儿童的重要性。克劳斯教授 说， 使用音乐来改善听力意味着儿童可以更好地听一些句子和更好地理解 一些面部表情。 4、[单选题]空白(4)处选项是( )。 Both involve different senses. Nina Kraus is a neurobiologist (神经生物学家)at Northwestern University in Illinois. Some disabled children attended the musical training class. It shows the importance of musical training to children with learning disabilities. Professor Krauss says cellos have sound qualities similar to some of the sounds that are important with speech. The brain stem controls our ability to hear. 答案:E 解析:同上面第三题的解释一样，选项E的句子中出现特指的"the cellos"，与上一句的"cello" 相呼应，该句说明科学家为什么要选择大提琴作为音乐训练的乐器，上下文意思连贯，所以 E项是答案。 参考译文 音乐训练可以提高交流技能 美国科学家称音乐训练可以提高交流技能并改善语言障碍。他们发现，培养音乐技能和学习 如何讲话在人脑中所经历的过程是相同的。科学家发现，音乐训练可以帮助那些存在学习障碍的儿童。 妮娜?克劳斯是伊利诺伊州西北大学的神经生物学家=她说音乐训练包括整合不同类型的信 息，如听音乐、看音符、触摸乐器和观察其他音乐家。这个过程和学习讲话并没有太大的不同，它们涉及不同的感官。 她又进一步解释了音乐训练和学习说话两者都使我们思考正在做的事。她说，话语和音乐 都会通过称为脑干的神经系统组织，脑干控制我们的听力。直到近日，专家们还都认为脑干是不能被改善或改变的。但是克劳斯教授和她的团队却发现音乐训练可以改善一个人的脑干活动。 这项研究包含音乐能力水平各不相同的人。这些人被要求戴上一种可以测量脑部活动的电极 装置。在这些人戴上电极装置的同时，他们会观看某人讲话和某人演奏乐器(大提琴)的视频。克劳斯教授说大提琴的音质和一些对演讲很重要的声音的音质非常相似。这项研究表明，人们接 受音乐训练的年份越长，其对音乐声音和节奏的敏感性就越高。那些接受过音乐训练的人在感官测试中取得的进步也最大。这表明了音乐训练对存在学习障碍的儿童的重要性。克劳斯教授说， 使用音乐来改善听力意味着儿童可以更好地听一些句子和更好地理解一些面部表情。 5、[单选题]空白(5)处选项是( )。 Both involve different senses. Nina Kraus is a neurobiologist (神经生物学家)at Northwestern University in Illinois. Some disabled children attended the musical training class. It shows the importance of musical training to children with learning disabilities. Professor Krauss says cellos have sound qualities similar to some of the sounds that are important with speech. The brain stem controls our ability to hear. 答案:D 解析:最后一段介绍音乐训练的方法和结果，及其与学习的关联和影响。选项D表达的意思 是音乐训练的结果对存在学习障碍的儿童所产生的正面影响，意思与其前后两句完全配合， 因此D项是答 案。 参考译文 音乐训练可以提高交流技能 美国科学家称音乐训练可以提高交流技能并改善语言障碍。他们发现，培养音乐技能和学习 如何讲话在人脑中所经历的过程是相同的。科学家发现，音乐训练可以帮助那些存在学习障碍的儿童。 妮娜?克劳斯是伊利诺伊州西北大学的神经生物学家=她说音乐训练包括整合不同类型的信 息，如听音乐、看音符、触摸乐器和观察其他音乐家。这个过程和学习讲话并没有太大的不同，它们涉及不同的感官。 她又进一步解释了音乐训练和学习说话两者都使我们思考正在做的事。她说，话语和音乐 都会通过称为脑干的神经系统组织，脑干控制我们的听力。直到近日，专家们还都认为脑干是不能被改善或改变的。但是克劳斯教授和她的团队却发现音乐训练可以改善一个人的脑干活动。 这项研究包含音乐能力水平各不相同的人。这些人被要求戴上一种可以测量脑部活动的电极 装置。在这些人戴上电极装置的同时，他们会观看某人讲话和某人演奏乐器(大提琴)的视频。克劳斯教授说大提琴的音质和一些对演讲很重要的声音的音质非常相似。这项研究表明，人们接 受音乐训练的年份越长，其对音乐声音和节奏的敏感性就越高。那些接受过音乐训练的人在感官测试中取得的进步也最大。这表明了音乐训练对存在学习障碍的儿童的重要性。克劳斯教授说， 使用音乐来改善听力意味着儿童可以更好地听一些句子和更好地理解一些面部表情。 答案: 解析: 六、完形填空 本大题共有15小题,每小题1.0分,共15.0分 1、[材料题]"Liquefaction" Key to Much of Japanese Earthquake Damage The massive subduction zone1 earthquake in Japan caused a significant level of soil "liquefaction" that has surprised researchers with its (1)_______ severity, a new analysis shows. "We've seen localized examples of soil liquefaction as extreme as this before, but the distance and (2)_______ of damage in Japan were unusually severe," said Scott Ashford，a professor of geotechnical engineering at Oregon State University. " Entire structures were tilted and sinking into the sediments，" Ashford said. "The shifts in soil destroyed water, drain and gas pipelines, crippling the utilities and infrastructure these communities need to (3)_______. We saw some places that sank as much as four feet. " Some degree of soil liquefaction is common in almost any major earthquake. It's a phenomenon in which soils soaked with water, particularly recent sediments or sand, can lose much of their (4)_______ and flow during an earthquake. This can allow structures to shift or sink or(5)_______. But most earthquakes are much (6)_______ than the recent event in Japan, Ashford said. The length of the Japanese earthquake, as much as five minutes, may force researchers to reconsider the extent of liquefaction damage possibly occurring in situations such as this. "With such a long-lasting earthquake, we saw (7)_______ structures that might have been okay after 30 seconds just continued to sink and tilt as the shaking continued for several more minutes," he said. "And it was clear that younger sediments， and especially areas built on (8)_______ filled ground, are much more vulnerable. " The data provided by analyzing the Japanese earthquake, researchers said, should make it possible to improve the understanding of this soil (9)_______ and better prepare for it in the future. Ashford said it was critical for the team to collect the information quickly,(10)_______damage was removed in the recovery efforts. "There's no doubt that we'll learn things from what happened in Japan that will help us to reduce risks in other similar(11)_______，"Ashford said. "Future construction in some places may make more use of techniques known to reduce liquefaction, such as better compaction to make soils dense, or use of reinforcing stone columns. " Ashford pointed out that northern California have younger soils vulnerable to liquefaction - on the coast, near river deposits or in areas with filled ground. The "young" sediments, in geologic terms, may be those (12)_______ within the past 10,000 years or more. In Oregon, for instance, that describes much of downtown Portland, the Portland International Airport and other cities. Anything (13)_______a river and old flood plains is a suspect, and the Oregon Department of Transportation has already concluded that 1, 100 bridges in the state are at risk from an earthquake. Fewer than 15 percent of them have been reinforced to (14)_______ collapse. Japan has suffered tremendous losses in the March 11 earthquake, but Japanese construction (15)_______ helped prevent many buildings from collapse - even as they tilted and sank into the ground. 1、[单选题]空白(1)处选项是( )。 internal Different difficult widespread 答案:D 解析: 2、[单选题]空白(2)处选项是( )。 volume length extent width 答案:C 解析: 3、[单选题]空白(3)处选项是( )。 function repair build remove 答案:A 解析: 4、[单选题]空白(4)处选项是( )。 durability Strength ability property 答案:B 解析: 5、[单选题]空白(5)处选项是( )。 ascend compact collapse recover 答案:C 解析: 6、[单选题]空白(6)处选项是( )。 shorter longer simpler stranger 答案:A 解析: 7、[单选题]空白(7)处选项是( )。 when what how which 答案:C 解析: 8、[单选题]空白(8)处选项是( )。 occasionally frequently specially recently 答案:D 解析: 9、[单选题]空白(9)处选项是( )。 development phenomenon formation composition 答案:B 解析: 10、[单选题]空白(10)处选项是( )。 unless until after before 答案:D 解析: 11、[单选题]空白(11)处选项是( )。 findings locations events sources 答案:C 解析: 12、[单选题]空白(12)处选项是( )。 delivered deposited destroyed detached 答案:B 解析: 13、[单选题]空白(13)处选项是( )。 near from inside over 答案:A 解析: 14、[单选题]空白(14)处选项是( )。 prevent accelerate predict detect 答案:A 解析: 15、[单选题]空白(15)处选项是( )。 styles sites facilities standards 答案:D 解析: 答案: 解析: