英语语法There be 结构的各种用法

There be 结构的各种用法 There be 结构是一常见的示“存在”的句型,但是,该结构不表示“存在”意义的现象又广见于书面语及口语,它以否定句的形式出现,用于对某一具体行为和抽象概念的否定。其惯用结构一般有以下三种: 一、There is + no + Noun + in doing something 1.其中名词为表“利弊”、“用途”的抽象名词,如: There is no good in going. 去没有什么好处。 There is no harm in doing that. 那样做并无害处。 There is no use in doing it. 干此事毫无用处。 2.其中名词为表“价值”、“意义”的抽象名词,如: There is no sense in waiting here. 在这里等候下去毫无意义。 There is no point in doing so. 这样做毫无意义。 There is no disgrace in failing once. 一旦失败也不丢脸。 (注:此结构中的介词可以省略,如:There is no use asking her—she doesn’t know anything.) 二、There is + no + doing something 1.其中的动词(do)多为“转述”或“认知”等意义的动词,如:tell, say, know等,其后一般跟疑问句,如when,what等。 There is no saying what may happen. 很难说会发生什么事。 There is no telling when he will return. 说不清他何时回来。 There is no knowing when we shall meet again. 不知何时我们能再相会。 2.其他动词,其意义相当灵活。 There is no mistaking what ought to be done. 应该做什么是清楚的。 There is no denying the fact. 事实无可否认。 There is no holding back the wheel of history. 历史的车轮不能倒转。 There is no getting along with him. 他很难相处。 Once she starts talking, there is no stopping her. 一旦她打开话匣子,就说个没完。 There is no joking with him. 和他不能开玩笑。 三、There is + no + Action Noun 此结构的含义相当于It’s impossible /unnecessary to do something。如: There is no hurry about it. 没有必要这么急匆匆的。 There is no question of his honesty. 他的诚实是勿庸置疑的。 有时,在此结构中的Action Noun被动名词形式所取代,其意义不变。试比较: There is no escape from the evident. There is no escaping the fact. 两句都表示:无法逃(躲)避…… 但是,有时也存在意义上的区别,试比较: a. There is no doubt at all about it. b. There is no doubting her virtue. 句a为“存在句”,意即:对于此事不存在任何的疑问。 句b则是不表“存在”的一种惯用结构,意即:她的贞操勿庸置疑。 以上三种结构除用于陈述句外,尚可见于疑问句。如: Is there any use in discussing the matter further? 这种事再讨论下去有何益处? Is there any hurry about it? 这事需要匆忙吗? 此惯用结构中的be有时可与情态动词连用,其语气更趋委婉。如: There could be no mistaking where he had come from. 他从哪里来是相当清楚的。 此结构中的no也不是一成不变的,它可被其他形式所取代。如: There isn’t any getting away from it. 要从它那里逃脱是不可能的。 There was never believing half of what he said. 他的话连一半也不信。 There’s never any predicting what they will do next. 无法料及他们下一步将会干什么 There to be 和there being 的用法 There+be是一种常见的“表示存在”的句型。There+be后可接名词或动名词。 There must be rules for the changes. 这些变化一定是有规则的。 There is no knowing what may happen. 谁也不知道将要发生什么事。 下面就there to be 和there being 的用法做一简要介绍。 1.there to be 的用法 1) 用作动词的复合宾语。 Would you like there to be a picture on the wall?你喜欢墙壁上挂一张画吗? We don't want there to bve any commrade lagging behind.我们不希望有一个同志掉队。 I don't want there to bwe any misunderstanding between us.我不希望我们之间有什么误会。 2) 用在It be + adj. for...的结构中 It is impossible for there to be any more chance. 不可能在有机会了。 It was too late for there to be any buses. 时间太晚,不会有汽车了。 We waited for there to be another opportunity.我们期待着还有下一次机会。 2.there being 的用法 1) 用作介词后的复合宾语 I never dreamed of there being a picture on the wall. 我从未想到墙壁上有幅画。 I was wrong about there being some misunderstanding between us.认为我们之间有误解是我的错误。 2) 作状语用的独立结构 There being nothing to do, we went home. 因为没有什么事要办,我们就回家了。 There being nobody else at hand, I had to do it by myself.由于身边没有别人,我只得自己干了。