英美国家概况-Unit2-A-brief-introduction-to-the-UKPPT课件

Unit2AbriefintroductiontotheUK(secondpart)Unit3thegovernmentoftheUnitedKingdomTheIslandofGreatBritainEnglandScotlandWalesNorthernIrelandNorthernIrelandThesmallestamongthefournationsPopulation:1.759millionCapital:BelfastItisMostlyrural,withlowhills,andbeautifullakesFewtroubles(someinternalconflicts)andlowcrimerate.BelfastBritainistheoldestrepresentativedemocracyintheworld.ItsrootscanbetracedbackonethousandyearsagoUNIT3ThegovernmentofUKTHEMONARCHY(君主制)Theoldestinstitutionofgovernmentisthemonarchy.Thecountrywasruledbyakingorqueen.Oppositionarose,andMagnaCarta(英国大宪章)cameintoplace.Anditplacedsomelimitsontheking’sabilitytoabusehisroyalpower.THEPARLIAMENTPARLIAMENT:fordiscussionortalkInthe13thcentury,Thekingwouldgatherbaronsandrepresentativestoraisemoney.Thekingwantedtoenlargethegroupthatgavehimmoney,sothehouseofLordsandthehouseofcommonscameintobeing.Inthe17thcentury,therewasadisputeoverthepowerofkingandparliament,andacivilwarbrokeout.Thekingwasdefeatedandexecuted.AnotherKingJamesthesecondalsotriedtogovernwithouttheconsentofparliament,andwasreplacedbyanotherKing.Whohasmorepower?VSThebirthoftheprimeminister(首相)andcabinet（内阁）ThecrownandCabinet(consistsofsomemembersoftheparliament)needtohavegoodrelationship,sotheyneedtomeeteachotherregularly.In1714,theBritishQueendiedwithoutproducingaheirtothethrone,sotheyfoundakingfromGermany.KingGeorgespokeEnglishverybadly,andwasnotveryinterestedinpolitics.SoheorderedoneofhisministerstomeetthecabinetLaterhewascalledtheprimeminister.In1832,asystemforchoosingtheHouseofCommonsbypopularelectioninsteadofappointmentfromkingscameintobeing.Membersofparliamentlaterdividedintodifferentparties,thepartywiththemostsupportersintheCommonsformsthegovernment,andtheleaderofthatpartybecomesprimeminister.BypopularelectionDifferentpartiesGovernment:thepartywiththemostsupportersTheleadingmanofthemajorpartyistheprimeministerThebritishgovernmenttodayDeeplyinfluencedbyitspast.Britainisbothaparliamentarydemocracy(议会民主制)andaconstitutionalmonarchy（君主立宪制）Theofficialheadofthestate:theQueenAustralia,Canada,NewZealandrecognizetheQueenastheirheadofstate.QUEENELIZABETHBritishgovernancealsohasitsownconstitution(宪法).ParliamenthasanumberofdifferentfunctionsVotingfortaxationPasslawsMakeorchangelawsIncluding:TheQueen(usuallysheisnotincluded),TheHouseofLords,theHouseofCommonsTheroleoftheQueenRepresentBritainathomeandabroad.Setstandardsofgoodcitizenshipandfamilylife.TheQueenhasweeklychatswiththePrimeminister.VerywealthyThemoneywasfromtaxpayersTherunningcostsofBuckinghamPalacewasfromtaxpayers.ThehouseoflordsSomemembersoftheChurchofEnglandLords:heirofthepreviousLords（世袭贵族）lifepeers(终身贵族)THEHOUSEOFCOMMONSAbout646membersoftheParliamentwhowereelected.MostMPsbelongtopoliticalpartiesLabor（工党)Conservatives（保守党）theLiberalDemocrats（自由民主党）THECURRENTCABINETInclude20membersoftheparliamentChosenbythePrimeMinistertobecomegovernmentministersFunction:policy-makingthecoordinationofgovernmentdepartmentsthesupremecontrolofgovernmentVideoaboutparliamenthttp://www.parliamentlive.tv/Main/Player.aspx?Film=YouveGotThePowersecondary&w=460&h=259HouseofLordshttp://www.parliament.uk/education/online-resources/parliament-explained/house-of-lords-resource/what/what-jump-start/