2014年专业八级考试试题及答案解析(二十三)

专业八级考试试题及答案解析(二十三) 一、Listening Comprehension (News Broadcast)（共4小题,共4.0分）In this section, you will hear several news items. Listen to them carefully and then answer the questions that follow. 第1题   What do you know about the resort Cancun? A There were 13,000 people needed to be moved. B The hurricane came in 1988 killed 300 people. C It is the largest resort in the world. D It never experienced a mass evacuation. 【正确答案】：B 【本题分数】：1.0分 【答案解析】 [听力原文]   A massive evacuation of tourists in one of the world's largest resorts began Sunday, with hundreds of buses dispatched to move tens of thousands of vacationers away from Hurricane Emily, heading for a direct hit on Mexico's coast. The size of the task was daunting: About 500 buses were ordered to move 30,000 tourists in Cancun--part of a total of 70,000-80,000 mostly foreign visitors to be evacuated statewide to temporary shelters in ballrooms and convention centers. "We have very little hope that this will change course," said a grim-faced Cancun Mayor Francisco Alor. "This hurricane is coming with the same force as Gilbert," a legendary hurricane that killed 300 people in Mexico and the Caribbean in 1988. That was the last time Cancun faced a mass evacuation. But back then, the city and surrounding resort areas were fairly new and had only about 8,000 hotel rooms; that number has since grown to more than 50,000. By 8 a.m. Sunday, Emily was located about 305 miles east-southeast of Cozumel, and was moving toward the island at about 20 mph, with sustained winds of nearly 150 mph. The eye of the storm was expected to make landfall on the Yucatan Peninsula late Sunday or early Monday morning, according to the National Hurricane Center in Miami. Along the narrow spit of land that holds most of Cancun's palatial hotels, workers scrambled to board up businesses and remove traffic lights along the eight-mile main strip, to keep them from becoming wind-borne projectiles when the hurricane hit. 第2题 Emily will land on the Yucatan ______. A early Sunday B early Monday C late Sunday D late Monday 【正确答案】：C 【本题分数】：1.0分 第3题   Where were the Kuwaitis captured? A Afghanistan and Iraq. B Pakistan and Kyrgyzstan. C India and Pakistan. D Pakistan and Afghanistan. 【正确答案】：D 【本题分数】：1.0分 【答案解析】 [听力原文]   Tom Wilner is a lawyer who represents the 11 Kuwaitis being held at Guantanamo Bay. He told reporters in a telephone news conference that the Kuwaitis. were beaten soon after their capture in Afghanistan and Pakistan before they were transferred to the U.S. Naval Base in Cuba. Mr. Wilner also says that several of them falsely confessed to being members of the Taliban regime in Afghanistan. "Each of them has, during custody, been treated really terribly and physically abused," Mr. Wilner says. "All of them were hung from their wrists and beaten, sometimes beaten with chains. At least one was hung upside down from his ankles and beaten. They were all beaten, they said, until they would pass out." Mr. Wilner spoke to reporters only after his notes from recent meetings with the detainees were declassified by the U.S. government, which also gave him permission to discuss their cases. Human-rights groups have long expressed concern about the treatment of the more than 500 detainees at Guantanamo Bay, many of whom have been held there for more than three years. 第4题 According to the news, which of the following statements is true? A Many detainees in Guantanamo Bay have been held for more than 2 years. B U.S government doesn't permit Wilner to discuss their cases. C Some of the Kuwaitis are members of Taliban. D Human rights group are deeply concerned about the situation of the detainees. 【正确答案】：D 【本题分数】：1.0分 二、Reading Comprehension (Comprehension)（共20小题,共20.0分）In this section there are four passages followed by questions or unfinished statements, each with four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that you think is the best answer. Mark your answers on Answer Sheet Two. 第1题 Think all of Kansas is flat? Think again. The Flint Hills, in the eastern part of the state, fan out over 183 miles from north to south, stretching 30 to 40 miles wide in parts, the land folding into itself, then popping up in gentle bumps, with mounds looming far off on the horizon. Seemingly endless, the landscape offers up isolated images--a wind-whipped cottonwood tree, a rusted cattle pen, a spindly windmill, an abandoned limestone schoolhouse, the metal-gated entrance to a hilltop cemetery. Proud of the region's beauty, Kansas has seen to it that 48 miles of its Highway 177, leading through the heart of the hills, are designed the Flint Hills National Scenic Byway. This stretch starts about 50 miles northeast of Wichita and leads north to the Tallgrass Prairie National Preserve, one of the few place left in the United States where a visitor can see the grasses that once covered so much of the American heartland. While up to a million head of cattle graze each summer in the Flint Hills' rolling pastures, they're long gone from Wichita, a metropolitan area of half a million people, at the confluence of two narrow curving rivers. But when a strong dusty wind blows through, it's a reminder of the city's roots as a wild cow town. The Flint Hills Scenic Byway winds through almost treeless rolling land where bison once roamed; they have been replaced by prairie chicken, great blue herons, coyote, deer, collared lizards, bobcats and, of course, cattle. The route starts in the tiny ranch town of Cassoday (population 130), where the dirt Main Street has a few weathered 19th-century wooden buildings housing an antiques store and a caré popular with cowboys, truck drivers and bikers. It then goes through a handful of small towns and past the tallgrass prairie preserve to Council Grove, a former staging area on the Santa Fe Train. But what this ribbon of a highway offers most is wide-open space. For dramatic effect, visit at sunset when the sky is awash in reds, purples and blues. Of late, tourist amenities have been beefed up in Flint Hills, especially in Chase County, made famous by William Least Heat-Moon's 1991 book "PrairyEarth." In Cottonwood Falls, with about 1,000 residents, the two-block shopping district is dominated by the grand Chase County Courthouse, the oldest country courthouse (1873) still in use in Kansas. Made of native honey-hued limestone with a red mansard roof, it resembles a small chateau. In small shops along Broadway Street, a bumpy road paved in red brick, you can find Western gear at Jim Bell & Son, antiques and art at the Gallery of Cottonwood Falls, and bison burger and chicken-friend steak dinners ($ 6.95) at the Emma Chase Caré. One of the town's biggest annual events took place last month, the weeklong Prairie Fire Festival, paying tribute to the annual controlled burning, to clear out old dry grass and promote new growth, an astonishing sight of flames sweeping through the hills. But near Cottonwood Falls, there are guided tours of the high open hills available now on foot, horseback, four-wheel all-terrain vehicle and 19th-century covered wagon. Kansas Flint Hills Adventures offers two-hour tallgrass prairie interpretive tours, wildflower tours and trail rides led by a naturalist who expounds on local history, cowboy culture, American Indian traditions, plants and animals. Wanna-be cowboys can help out with the chores (or not) at the Flying W Ranch, a 10,000-acre, fifth-generation, working cattle ranch to the west of the byway, off Route 50 in the one-building town of Clements. It offers modern bunkhouse lodging, chuck wagon meals, trail rides, longhorn-roping demonstrations and sunset rides in a 1959 Ford wheat truck. In the summer and early fall, weekend .pioneers can pick up the Flint Hills Overland Wagon Train in Council Grove. Riders camp overnight and are duly fed several "pioneer meals" cooked over an open fire. Saturday night's entertainment is a performance of cowboy songs and poems. The Flint Hills National Scenic Byway ______. A is part of the Highway 177 B starts from Wichita, a metropolitan area of half a million people C leads through rolling pastures where bison and cattle roam D winds through a few small towns and the Tallgrass Prairie National Preserve to Cassoday 【正确答案】：A 【本题分数】：1.0分 【答案解析】 细节题。本题不难，答案就在第二段的第一句话“Proud of the region's beauty, Kansas has seen to it that 48 miles of its Highway 177, leading through the heart of the hills, are designed the Flint Hills National Scenic Byway.”，据此，我们很容易就能选对答案A。 第2题 According to the passage, which of the following descriptions of the Flint Hills is NOT right? A The Flint Hills, stretching 183 miles from north to south and about 30 to 40 miles wide, is located in the eastern part of America. B The Tallgrass Prairie National Preserve is part of the Flint Hills. C The Flint Hills's pastures about in cattle, deer and other animals. D The Flint Hills Overland Wagon Train can be found in Council Grov 【正确答案】：A 【本题分数】：1.0分 【答案解析】 推理题。这道题比较简单，但是解答需要看完全文才可得出正解，本题采用排除法，B在原文的第二段“of Wichita and leads north to the Tallgrass Prairie National Preserve，”，C项中原文的第四段“they have been replaced by prairie chicken, great blue herons, coyote, deer, collared lizards, bobcats and, of course, cattle.”有提及，D项中原文的最后一段可以找到“In the summer and early fall, weekend pioneers can pick up the Flint Hills Overland Wagon Train in Council Grove.”，所以，排除了BCD，A为最佳答案。 第3题 Which of the following small towns holds the Prairie Fire Festival annually? A Cassoday. B Cottonwood Falls. C Chase County. D Clements. 【正确答案】：B 【本题分数】：1.0分 【答案解析】 此题为细节题。答案可以在第九段“One of the town's biggest annual events took place last month, the weeklong Prairie Fire Festival, paying tribute to the annual controlled burning,”中找到，句中town就是指前面提到的Cottonwood Falls．由此可见，B为正确答案。 第4题 Where can people obtain a most vivid experience of being a cowboy? A Wichita. B Cassoday. C The Flying W. Ranch. D Council Grov 【正确答案】：C 【本题分数】：1.0分 【答案解析】 此题为细节题。这题难度不大，可在文章倒数第二段找到，“Wanna-be cowboys can help out with the chores (or not) at the Flying W Ranch, a 10,000-acre, fifth-generation”，说明了人们可以在the Flying W Ranch得到当牛仔最生动的体验。C为正确答案。 第5题 What do you think is this passage most probably taken from? A A book about the natural beauty of Kansan. B A book on geography. C A book on the cowboy culture in the western parts of America. D A tourist's guid 【正确答案】：D 【本题分数】：1.0分 【答案解析】 此题主旨题。题干问的是本文最有可能从哪里节选的?通读全文都是介绍旅游景点及其相关的地理、人文等等，不难看出应该是选自旅游指南。A、B、C都是以偏概全，属干扰项。 第6题 I am ashamed to begin with saying that Touraine is the garden of France; that remark has long ago lost its bloom. The town of Tours, however, has something sweet and bright, which suggests that it is surrounded by a land of fruits. It is a very agreeable little city; few towns of its size are more ripe, more complete, or, I should suppose, in better humor with themselves and less disposed to envy the responsibilities of bigger places. It is truly the capital of its smiling province; a region of easy abundance, of good living, of genial, comfortable, optimistic, rather indolent opinions. Balzac says in one of his tales that the real Tourangeau will not make an effort, or displace himself even, to go in search of a pleasure; and it is not difficult to understand the sources of this amiable cynicism. He must have a vague conviction that he can only lose by almost any change. Fortune has been kind to him: he lives in a temperate, reasonable, sociable climate, on the banks, of a river which, it is true, sometimes floods the country around it, but of which the ravages appear to be so easily repaired that its aggressions may perhaps be regarded (in a region where so many good things are certain) merely as an occasion for healthy suspense. He is surrounded by fine old traditions, religious, social, architectural, culinary; and he may have the satisfaction of feeling that he is French to the core. No part of his admirable country is more characteristically national. Normandy is Normandy, Burgundy is Burgundy, Provence is Provence; but Touraine is essentially France. It is the land of Rabelais, of Descartes, of Balzac, of good books and good company, as well as good dinners and good houses. George Sand has somewhere a charming passage about the mildness, the convenient quality, of the physical conditions of central France, "son climat souple et chaud, ses pluies abondantes et courtes." In the autumn of 1882 the rains perhaps were less short than abundant; but when the days were fine it was impossible that anything in the way of weather could be more channing. The vineyards and orchards looked rich in the fresh, gay light; cultivation was everywhere, but everywhere it seemed to be easy. There was no visible poverty; thrift and success presented themselves as matters of good taste. The white caps of the women glittered in the sunshire, and their well-made sabots clicked cheerfully on the hard, clean roads. Touraine is a land of old chateaux, a gallery of architectural specimens and of large hereditary properties. The peasantry have less of the luxury of ownership than in most other parts of France; though they have enough of it to give them quite their share of that shrewdly conservative look which, in the little, chaffering, place of the market-town, the stranger observes so often in the wrinkled brown masks that surmount the agricultural blouse. This is, moreover, the heart of the old French monarchy; and as that monarchy was splendid and picturesque, a reflection of the splendor still glitters in the current of the Loire. Some of the most striking events of French history have occurred on the banks of that river, and the soil it waters bloomed for a while with the flowering of the Renaissance. The Loire gives a great "style" to a landscape of which the features are not, as the phrase is, prominent, and carries the eye to distances even more poetic than the green horizons of Touraine. It is a very fitful stream, and is sometimes observed to run thin and expose all the crudities of its channel, a great defect certainly in a river which is so much depended upon to give an air to the places it waters. But I speak of it as I saw it last full, tranquil, powerful, bending in large slow curves, and sending back half the light of the sky. Nothing can be finer than the view of its course which you get from the battlements and terraces of Amboise. As I looked down on it from that elevation one lovely Sunday morning, through a mild glitter of autumn sunshine, it seemed the very model of a generous, beneficent stream. The most channing part of Tours is naturally the shaded quay that overlooks it, and looks across too at the friendly faubourg of Saint Symphorien and at the terraced heights which rise above this. Indeed, throughout Touraine, it is half the charm of the Loire that you can travel beside it. The great dike which protects it, or, protects the country from it, from Blois to Angers, is an admirable road; and on the other side, as well, the highway constantly keeps it company. A wide river, as you follow a wide road, is excellent company; it heightens and shortens the way. From this essay, we can see all of the following EXCEPT that ______. A Touraine is an area frequently devastated by floods B Touraine is surrounded by a land of fruits C the peasantry here are worse off than in most other parts of France D the peasantry here are more conservative 【正确答案】：A 【本题分数】：1.0分 【答案解析】 都兰是一片古老的土地。这里的农民比起法国其他大部分地区的农民能够享有的对财物的支配权都更少，却偏偏恰好够他们十足地拥有那种带着精明味道的保守神情。 第7题 Touraine features all of the following except ______. A the shaded quay B the Loire C the great dike D French history. 【正确答案】：A 【本题分数】：1.0分 【答案解析】 这一题应当从整个都兰地区范围内来考虑。图尔是卢瓦尔河上的城市，都兰地区的首府；和绵延都兰地区的卢瓦尔河及河堤，以及整个地区弥漫的历史气息相比，那里最为迷人的浓荫下的码头就不能代表整个地区了。 第8题 As the author sees it, ______. A the Loire is a wide river which follows a wide road B that you can travel beside the Loire reduces the charm of it C people here hate to see the Loire exposing all the crudities of its channel D the Loire is always full, tranquil, and powerful 【正确答案】：C 【本题分数】：1.0分 【答案解析】 由原文可知，卢瓦尔河流量会发生间歇性变化，有些时候甚至会见到它河道里零乱粗陋的景象暴露出来。这对于这样一条人们依赖它给予流经的土地带来某种气质的河流显然是一个巨大的遗憾。 第9题 Which of the following word is not proper for Touraine? A Prominent. B Green. C Amiable. D Tast 【正确答案】：A 【本题分数】：1.0分 【答案解析】 从原文不难发现，尽管法国历史上很多惊人、显赫的事件在这块土地上发生；然而这是一片平和的土地，小康、富足；人们的观念温和、安详。 第10题 "In the autumn of 1882 the rains perhaps were less short than abundant; but when the days were fine it was impossible that anything in the way of weather could be more charming." This tells us that ______. A the rainfall of that autumn was scarce B weather during that period was utterly terrible C although the rains were a little more than enough, weather sometimes was the finest D the abundant rains flooded the region with terrible weather accompanying 【正确答案】：C 【本题分数】：1.0分 【答案解析】 本题是关于“less...than...”的用法，所以文章中这句话意思是说，那年秋天雨水并不少，倒是十分充沛；而在天气晴好的时候，你不可能看到比那时节更加迷人的日子。 第11题 This spring, disaster loomed in the global food market. Precipitous increases in the prices of staples like rice (up more than a hundred and fifty percent in a few months) and maize provoked food riots, toppled governments, and threatened the lives of tens of millions. But the bursting of the commodity bubble eased those pressures, and food prices, while still high, have come well off the astronomical levels they hit in April. For American, the drop in commodity prices has put a few more bucks in people's pockets; in much of the developing world, it may have saved many from actually starving. So did the global financial crisis solve the global food crisis? Temporarily, perhaps. But the recent price drop doesn't provide any long-term respite from the threat food shortages or future price spikes. Nor has it reassured anyone about the health of the global agricultural system, which the crisis revealed as dangerously unstable. Four decades after the Green Revolution, and after waves of market reforms intended to transform agricultural production, we're still having a hard time insuring that people simply get enough to eat, and we seen to be vulnerable to supply shocks than ever. It wasn't supposed to be this way. Over the past two decades, countries around the world have moved away from their focus on "food security" and handed market forces a greater rote in shaping agricultural policy. Before the nineteen-eighties, developing countries had so-called "agricultural marketing boards", which would buy commodities from farmers at fixed prices (prices high enough to keep farmers farming), and then store them in strategic reserves that could be used in the event of bad harvests or soaring import prices. But in the eighties and nineties, often as part of structural-adjustment programs imposed by the I.M.F. or the World Blank, many marketing boards were eliminated or cut back, and grain reserves, deemed inefficient and unnecessary, were sold off. In the same way, structural-adjustment programs often did away with government investment in and subsidies to agriculture--more notably, subsidies for things like fertilizers and high-yield seeds.. The logic behind these reforms was simple: the market would allocate resources more efficiently than government, leading to greater productivity. Farmers, instead of growing subsidized maize and wheat at high cost, could concentrate on cash crops, like cashews and chocolate, and use the money they made to buy staple foods. If a country couldn't compete in the global economy, production would migrate to countries that could. it was also assumed that, once governments stepped out of the way, private investment would flood into agriculture, boosting performance. And international aid seemed a more efficient way of relieving food crises than relying in countries to maintain surpluses and food-security programs, which are wasteful and costly. This "marketization" of agriculture has not, to be sure, been fully carried through. Subsidies are still endemic in rich countries and poor, while developing countries often place tariffs on imported food, which benefit their farmers but drive up prices for consumers. And in extreme circumstance countries restrict exports, hoarding food for their own citizens. Nonetheless, we clearly have a leaner, more market-friendly agriculture system than before. It looks, in fact, a bit like global manufacturing, with low inventories (wheat stocks are at their lowest since 1977), concentrated production (three countries provide ninety percent of corn exports, and five countries provide eighty percent of rice exports,) and fewer redundancies. Governments have a much smaller role, and public spending on agriculture has been cut sharply. The problem is that, while this system is undeniably more efficient, it's also much more fragile. Bad weather in just a few countries can wreak havoc across the entire system. When prices spike as they did this spring, the result is food shortages and malnutrition in poorer countries, since they are far more dependent on imports and have few food reserves to draw on. And, while higher prices and market reforms were supposed to bring a boom in agricultural productivity, global crop yields actually rose less between 1990 and 2007 than they did in the previous twenty years, in part because in many developing countries private-sector agricultural investment never materialized, while the cutbacks in government spending left them with feeble infrastructures. These changes did not cause the rising prices of the past couple of years, but they have made them more damaging. The old emphasis on food security was undoubtedly costly, and often wasteful. But the redundancies it created also had tremendous value when things went wrong. And one sure thing about a system as complex as agriculture is that things will go wrong, often with devastating consequences. If the just-in-time system for producing cars runs into a hitch and the supply of cars shrinks for a while, people can easily adapt. When the same happens with food, people go hungry or even starve. That doesn' t mean that we need to embrace price controls or collective farms, and there are sensible market reforms, like doing away with import tariffs, that would make developing-country consumers better off. But a few weeks ago Bill Clinton, no enemy of market reform, got it right when he said that we should help countries achieve "maximum agricultural self-sufficiency". Instead of a more efficient system. We should be trying to build a more reliable one. What can be learned from the first paragraph? A Global financial crisis destabilized governments. B Food riots resulted from skyrocketing food bills. C Financial crisis worsened food crisis. D Food prices surged by 150% in April. 【正确答案】：B 【本题分数】：1.0分 【答案解析】 第一个问题问的是从第一段话中可以推断出什么。第一段话第二句“Precipitous increases in the prices of staples like rice and maize provoked food riots...”，意为“主食，比如大米和玉米，价格的激增引起了因为食物产生的暴动”我们可以得知答案为B。第二句后半句话“precipitous increases in the prices...toppled government”意为由于食物价格激增，政府动荡不安，因此A项说是全球财政危机使得政府动荡不安是不正确的。第一段第三句“But the bursting of the commodity bubble eased those pressures”说的是全球财政危机某种程度上缓和了粮食价格上涨带来的压力，因此C项说财政危机恶化了食物危机也是不正确的；第一段中第二句话说到“粮食价格在几个月内上涨了超过150%，而后在第三句话里面又提到四月份时粮食价格达到最高点，因此涨幅一定是超过了150%，所以D项说涨幅为150%显然是不正确的，因此答案为B。 第12题 The food crisis revealed the global agricultural system as ______. A fragile B unresponsive C costly D unbearable 【正确答案】：A 【本题分数】：1.0分 【答案解析】 本道题目可以在第二段第二句找到答案“Nor has it reassured anyone about the health of the global agricultural system, which the crisis revealed as dangerously unstable”，说的是此次粮食危机暴露了全球农业体系还存在的问题就是unstable，意为不牢固的、不稳定的。四个选项中，A：fragile意为易碎的，脆的；B：unresponsive意为无答复的、反应迟钝的；C：costly意为昂贵的、贵重的；D：unbearable意为无法忍受的：承受不住的；只有A意思接近，为正确答案。 第13题 According to the third paragraph, structural-adjustment programs ______. A were designed to cope with poor harvests B were introduced as part of "market forces" policies C removed price controls and state subsidies D encouraged countries to focus on food security 【正确答案】：C 【本题分数】：1.0分 【答案解析】 通过阅读第三段我们可以得到如下信息：在20世纪80年代之前，多数发展中国家都对农产品实施了保护政策，保证了农民生产的积极性；但是到了80、90年代，由于国际货币基金组织或者世界银行实施的这种农业结构调整，很多国家就取消了之前对农业的保护性政策，具体表现就是不再控制谷物价格，并且废除了政府对农业的补助，因此答案为C。A项涉及到得应对粮食歉收那是粮食储备的功能，而不是结构调整政策的功能：B项没有讲到这个问题；原文中提到由于实行了市场化，国家不再那么关注food security，而D项恰恰与原文意思相反，因此不正确。 第14题 The marketization of agriculture probably means ______. A private investment floods into agriculture B market forces provide efficiency to agriculture C agricultural policy works with the free market system D agricultural production is free from government intervention 【正确答案】：B 【本题分数】：1.0分 【答案解析】 从第四段第一句话后半部可以看出，市场可以比政府更有效地分配资源，因此答案为B“市场为农业带来效率”。因此答案为B。A项说的是私人投资涌入市场，有些夸大其辞；C项“自由市场下的农业政策是有效的”，与原文题一题意不符。从第五段最后一句话“Governments have a much smaller role, and public spending on agriculture has been cut sharply”可以看出，政府是在减少自身的干预，而不是完全“农业生产完全不受政府干预”，因此D也不正确。所以答案为B。 第15题 Which of the following is NOT a feature of the existing agricultural system? A Reduced government spending. B Concentrated production. C Self sufficiency. D Low wheat stocks. 【正确答案】：C 【本题分数】：1.0分 【答案解析】 从第五段最后一句“Governments have a much smaller role, and public spending on agriculture has been cut sharply”可以看出，A项是正确的；从第五段第五句“It looks, in fact, a bit like global manufacturing, with low inventories(wheat stocks are at their lowest since 1977), concentrated production, and fewer redundancies.”可以看出，B项和D项都是正确的，因此只有C项自给自足不是现存农业体系的一个特征，因此为正确答案。 第16题 Patents, said Thomas Jefferson, should draw "a line between the things which are worth to the public the embarrassment of an exclusive patent, and those which are not". As the value that society places on intellectual property has increased, that line has become murkier-and the cause of some embarrassment, too. Around the world, patent offices are being inundated with applications. In many cases, this represents the extraordinary inventiveness that is occurring in new fields such as the internet, genomics and nanotechnology. But another, less-acceptable reason for the flood is that patent offices have been too lax in granting patents, encouraging many firms to rush to patent as many, often dubious, ideas as possible in an effort to erect legal obstacles to competitors. The result has been a series of messy and expensive court battles, and growing doubts about the effectiveness of patent systems as a spur to innovation, just as their importance should be getting bigger. In 1998 America introduced so-called "business-method" patents, granting for the first time patent monopolies simply for new ways of doing business, many of which were not so new. This was a mistake. It not only ushered in a wave of new applications, but it is probably inhibiting, rather than encouraging, commercial innovation, which had never received, or needed, legal protection in the past. Europe has not, so far, made the same blunder, but the European Parliament is considering the easing of rules for innovations incorporated in software. This might have a similarly deleterious effect as business-method patents, because many of these have been simply the application of computers to long-established practices. In Japan, firms are winning large numbers of patents with extremely narrow claims, mostly to obfuscate what is new and so to ward off rivals. As more innovation happens in China and India, these problems are likely to spread there as well. There is an urgent need for patent offices to return to first principles. A patent is a government-granted temporary monopoly (patents in most countries are given about 20 years' protection) intended to reward innovators in exchange for a disclosure by the patent holder of how his invention works, thereby encouraging others to further innovation. The qualifying tests for patents are straightforward--that an idea be useful, novel and not obvious. Unfortunately most patent offices, swamped by applications that can run to thousands of pages and confronted by companies wielding teams of lawyers, are no longer applying these tests strictly or reliably. For example, in America, many experts believe that dubious patents abound, such as the notorious one for a "sealed crustless sandwich". Of the few patents that are re-examined by the Patent and Trademark Office itself, often after complaints from others, most are invalidated or their claims clipped down. The number of duplicate claims among patents is far too high. What happens in America matters globally, since it is the world's leading patent office, approving about 170,000 patents each year, half of which are granted to foreign applicants. Europe's patent system is also in a mess in another regard: the quilt of national patent offices and languages means that the cost of obtaining a patent for the entire European Union is too high, a burden in particular on smaller firms and individual inventors. The European Patent Office may award a patent, but the patent holder must then file certified translations at national patent offices to receive protection. Negotiations to simplify this have gone on for over a decade without success. As a start, patent applications should be made public. In most countries they are, but in America this is the case only under certain circumstances, and after 18 months. More openness would encourage rivals to offer the overworked patent office evidence with which to judge whether an application is truly novel and non-obvious. Patent offices also need to collect and publish data about what happens once patents are granted--the rate at which they are challenged and how many are struck down. This would help to measure the quality of the patent system itself, and offer some way of evaluating whether it is working to promote innovation, or to impede it. But most of all, patent offices need to find ways of applying standards more strictly. This would make patents more difficult to obtain. But that is only right. Patents are, after all, government-enforced monopolies and so, as Jefferson had it, there should be some "embarrassment" (and hesitation in granting them. Which of the following is the main problem of the current patent system? A Patent offices have been too lax in granting patents. B Most patent offices are swamped by applications. C It is probably inhibiting, rather than encouraging, commercial innovation. D The quilt of national patent offices and languages 【正确答案】：A 【本题分数】：1.0分 【答案解析】 文章的核心内容就是围绕着目前专利授权过于宽松，因而导致大量专利申请淹没各国专利事务机构的情况展开议论。文中的关键句“But another,...to competitors”和“But most of all, patent offices...strictly”等，正是理解文章的要点所在。 第17题 In the last 3rd paragraph, "The qualifying tests for patents are straightforward--that an idea be useful, novel and not obvious." Here, "obvious" means ______. A easily perceived or understood B quite apparent C standing in the way or in front D transparent 【正确答案】：C 【本题分数】：1.0分 【答案解析】 “obvious”这里是采了古语用法(Archaic usage)，结合上下文应当也能做出正确的判断。关键是不能简单地把这个词的普通含义拿来理解文章。这句话的意思是，判断专利是否合资格，其标准是十分明白的——即一个想法须实用、新颖，而且不构成障碍和麻烦。 第18题 What's wrong with Europe's patent system? A Lack of a unified patent system. B Smaller firms and individual inventors tend to be neglected. C Patent protection is not secure enough. D Patent application process is too complex. 【正确答案】：A 【本题分数】：1.0分 【答案解析】 这题主要考的是倒数第三段的内容。欧洲专利与美国相比存在另一方面的问题，造成某种混乱的局面，即欧洲各国专利局各自为政，加之各国语言差异，造成种种障碍。 第19题 What suggestion does the author offer for the solution of those problems? A More openness and stricter standards. B To promote innovation. C To reward innovators. D To embarrass those applying for a patent. 【正确答案】：C 【本题分数】：1.0分 【答案解析】 这题主要涉及解决目前问题的方法，即最后两段的内容。 第20题 Which of the following is NOT among the many problems with the current patent system? A Patent offices are being inundated with applications. B A series of messy and expensive court battles. C Patent offices collect and publish data about what happens once patents are granted. D Large numbers of patents with extremely narrow claims. 【正确答案】：C 【本题分数】：1.0分 【答案解析】 这题只需排除现存的问题即可。问题主要包括由于专利标准过于宽松导致法律纠纷，大量仅有极其狭窄适用范围的专利申请使得专利机构疲于应付等。 三、Listening Comprehension ( Interview )（共5小题,共5.0分）the next questions are based on an interview with an architect. At the end of the interview you will be given 15 seconds to answer each of the following questions. Now listen to the interview. 第1题   Paul Ray said they discovered that a clear cultural change was happening in many areas EXCEPT______. A people's lives B environmental issues C consumption patterns D media advertisements 【正确答案】：D 【本题分数】：1.0分 【答案解析】 [听力原文] 1-5 Interview with PAUL RAY: AD: How did you discover the Cultural Creatives? PR: When in 1986 I co-founded American LIVES, I was less interested in traditional market research and more in how America was changing. One of the first things we discovered in our research was that a clear cultural change was happening: not just change in one area of people's lives, but in many areas, from environmental issues to consumption patterns, from media preferences to the purchase of food products. We also discovered that the people who were changing were a definite subculture and part of a longer-term pattern. Although most Cultural Creatives in our surveys thought they were alone or part of a very small group, it turned out that they represented a sizable and fast-growing portion of the American population, now reaching over 50 million. AD: How do you explain this impression of Cultural Creatives that they are not part of a larger group? PR: Cultures are generally self-maintaining, and the Cultural Creatives differ from the official culture of the U.S.: i. e., the modem culture, which is a culture of getting and spending, a culture of materialism, a culture of big government, big corporations, and big media. That official culture is adhered to by just under half of Americans. The other half of Americans doesn't believe in it at all. Mainstream media usually describe Cultural Creatives as isolated individuals often labeled as tree huggers, protesters, New Agers, etc. When Cultural Creatives follow the news media, they see they are hardly mentioned, and therefore come to the false conclusion that they are only part of a very small group. Another reason why Cultural Creatives believe they are alone is that when you go to the workplace, you are supposed to check your values at the door. Cultural Creatives in the average workplace don't express themselves as such. A third reason is that in the process of becoming a Cultural Creative, one frequently has to shed old friendships, old marriages, old careers, because their views were changing in ways others weren't. This is a very individualized process, the benefit of which is that it really lets you change. The cost is that you believe you are unique and the only one going through this process. AD: You indicate that there are 50 million Cultural Creatives in the U.S. and 80 million in Europe. What are the reasons for their rise? PR: In part this is because our planet is in deep trouble. There is a daily drumbeat that we are moving into a crisis period for humanity. People who are good at synthesis, like most Cultural Creatives, see that if we continue our way of life we will be in deep trouble. At the same time there are personal changes happening at a psychological and spiritual level. Today, for the first time in human history, people who are interested in an inner life have access to every esoteric tradition in the world. Access to information about personal growth is enormous. Access to information about what is going on around the planet is never ending~ In short, better information, large crises at the social level, and miniature crises at the individual level all contribute to more and more people being exposed to the opportunity to deal with personal change. AD: Why are there so many women among Cultural Creatives? PR: Women as both wage earners and homemakers feel the contradictions more in our society. They feel more subtle, institutional discrimination. If a society inherits disfunctional institutions then it is often the people with intelligence, skills, and an alternative perspective who are going to come up with better answers, rather than the people who have inherited positions that were already favored, in these cases, it is women who will play an increasingly important role. Besides this, approximately 80 percent of the people in the western world are concerned that their children will inherit a worse world than the one in which they grew up. People tend to do for their children what they wouldn't do for themselves. Women, especially, will push for change and for a better world because of their" children. AD: You are currently researching how the political system is affected by cultural changes. What attracts you to this political research? PR: I have been an activist all my life. I was involved in the environmental and peace movements in the 60s. I have always been interested in many different issues, from the impact to new technologies to how the economy works, from government politics to civil society. I am now connecting the dots between citizen activism, political activity, and change in business, as they are all part of one big picture. What I actually care most about is social change. Social change, however, is only possible through system change. AD: What do you mean with systems change? PR: If you are taking a system perspective of what is going on, one should ask what is our need as a whole system. As a planet, can we continue with 10 percent of the population having 80 percent of the resources? As a planet, can we survive if eco-systems all around the world are being destroyed? Looking at this big picture means changing the usual way of looking at the world and changing politics as usual. If all your time as a politician is spent on what bill is coming up or what political power struggle is being played out, you miss what it is all for. What I am trying throughout my life is to keep looking at that big picture. 第2题 According to Ray, the official culture is featured by ______. A small government B dynamic media C materialism D the massive support from most Americans 【正确答案】：C 【本题分数】：1.0分 第3题 Why do cultural creatives regard themselves alone in the society? A They are seldom mentioned by mass media. B They don't express themselves. C They have to sacrifice many things which are parts of their old lives. D All of the abov 【正确答案】：D 【本题分数】：1.0分 第4题 Why are there so many women among Cultural Creatives, according to Ray? A Because they are not burdened so much as men. B Because they are more sensitive and feel more. C Because they will push for change and for a better world because of their husbands. D Because they have more intelligence and skills. 【正确答案】：B 【本题分数】：1.0分 第5题 Ray said he had been an activist, involved in ______. A anti-discrimination movement B environmental movement C non-violence movement D human rights movement 【正确答案】：B 【本题分数】：1.0分 none、四（共Listening Comprehension ( Mini-Lecture )小题,10共分）10.0 第1题 The Stock Market When a new company is organized and shares are sold, it is not hard to determine the value of each share: all the shares together represent the total value of the company. Ⅰ. The best way to explain how the stock market works. To imagine you form a company to produce a soda with 4 friends: 1) putting in $600 together for the expenses involved in the (1) of  the company; 2) stating every (2) represents $10 of the present value of the company; 3) owning a share signifies--a part owner of the company. Ⅱ. Stock price increases when (3) is good and the value of the company  jumps. 1) the (4) $600 invested→$1,800 in value at present  2) $10 per share originally → (5) each currently  Ⅲ. Stock price falls when business is worse and the value of the company drops. 1) (6) of $1,800 → a low point of $300  2) $30 per share $5 → per share Ⅳ. How to buy stocks? 1) to find a (7) buying and selling stock for other people;  2) the stockbroker's entering a stock market; 3) the stockbroker's inquirement of other brokers about your buying; 4) the stockbroker's (8) of the stock purchase; 5) to pay the bill the amount of purchase & the stockbroker's (9) You have to pay the broker whenever he buys and sells for you, (10) each time you sell stock and sometimes when you buy. You may also pay a small fee to the owners of the place where the stock is bought or sold. 【正确答案】： 答案:value [本题分数]： 1.0 分 【答案解析】 [听力原文] 1-10 The Stock Market Good morning, ladies and gentlemen. Today, I am going to talk about the Stock Market in an easy way. I dare to say most of you will understand it after listening. The best way to explain how the stock market works is to imagine that you get together with four of your friends and form a company to produce a soda with a new flavor, which you are going to sell in a pressurized can. You find that you need $600 for the expenses involved in starting the business. One of you contributes $200; a second, only $50; a third, $150; a fourth, $100; and the fifth, also $100. In order to be clear to everyone, you decide that each of you will be given sheets of paper on which it is stated that every sheet of paper represents $10 of the present value of the company. This means that there will be 60 sheets of paper altogether. The person who contributed $200 will receive 20 of these sheets, while the one who gave $50 will get 5. If you gave $100, then you will receive 10 of these sheets. Each sheet, which is called a stock certificate, actually indicates that you own 1 share of stock in the company. Therefore, you now own 10 shares in the company. To own a share signifies that you are a part owner of the company. Imagine now that when people taste the soda they want to drink more and more of it. In fact, business is so good-that the original $600 invested by the five of you jumps to $1,800 in value. Thus, the 60 shares of stock that were originally worth $i0 each are now worth $30 each. This means that your 10 shares have jumped in value to $300. If you want to sell some or all of these shares to anyone else, the price will be $30 per share. However, in time business may take a turn for the worse. People find that the pressurized can does not work well--the spray of soda goes everywhere. It isn't long then before the value of the company drops from a high point of $ 1,800 to a low point of $300. When this happens, each of the 60 shares, which were worth $30, is now worth $5. Hence, people who want to buy the shares will now pay only $5 each for them. Most companies today get started in exactly the same way as the small soda company above. Since a great deal of money is needed to operate a business, a great many people are needed to become part owners. When a company is first organized and shares are sold, it is relatively simple to determine the value of each share; because all the shares together represent the total value of the company. But how can you go about buying stocks? It is very unlikely that you would personally know someone who happens to own shares in the company in which you wish to invest. Hence, you will probably go to a stockbroker--a man who buys and sells stock for other people. He, in turn will go to a stock market--a place where stocks are bought and sold. There he will inquire of other brokers if they know of anyone who would like to sell the stock that you want to purchase. Usually there will be some such persons. In that event, your broker will arrange to buy the stock for you and then bid you not only for the amount he had to pay but also a small additional fee to cover the cost of his services. In the event you want to sell some stocks that you hold, you would follow exactly the same procedure. Now, however, the broker would turn over to you the amount he had received from the buyer, only withholding a small amount to pay for his services. Thus, you have to pay the broker at the time he buys the stock for you and again at the time he sells it for you. This isn't all, though. You may also have to pay a tax each time you sell stock--and, sometimes--when you buy it. In addition, the owners of the place where the stock is bought or sold may also charge a small fee for the privilege of using their facilities. It appears that if you plan to sell your stock at some gain to yourself, you had better wait until its value increases by at least a few dollars on each share or you may find that what you thought was a profit for you is actually eaten up by the many fees you had to pay. 第2题 【正确答案】： 答案:sheet of paper 第3题 【正确答案】： 答案:business 第4题 【正确答案】： 答案:original 第5题 【正确答案】： 答案:$30 第6题 【正确答案】： 答案:a high point 第7题 【正确答案】： 答案:stockbroker 第8题 【正确答案】： 答案:arrangement 第9题 【正确答案】： 答案:services 第10题 【正确答案】： 答案:pay a tax none、五（共Proofreading and Error Correction小题,10共分）10.0 第1题 The world's population continues to grow. There now are about 4 billion of us on earth. That could reach 6 billion by the end of the century and 11 billion in a farther 75 (1) ______ years. Experts have long been concerned about such a growth. Where will we find the food, water, works, houses, schools and health care for all these people? A major new (2) ______ study shows that the situation may be changing. A large and rapid drop in the world's birth rate have taken place during the past 10 years. Families generally are smaller now (3) ______ than they were a few years ago. It is happened in both developing and industrial nations. (4) ______ Researchers said they found a number of reasons for this. More men and women are waiting more longer to get married and are using birth control devices and methods to (5) ______ prevent and delay pregnancy. More women are going to school or working at jobs away (6) ______ from home instead having children. And more governments, especially in developing (7) ______ nations, now support family planned programs to reduce population growth. China is (8) ______ one of the nations that has made great program in reducing its population growth. (9) ______ China has already cut off its rate of population growth by about one half since 1970. (10) ______ 【正确答案】： 答案:farther→further。 [本题分数]： 1.0 分 【答案解析】 都是far的比较级，意思都是“更远的”，但是farther修饰的是实际距离，further则用于抽象方面，比如时间、关系、学习程度等。 第2题 【正确答案】： 答案:works→jobs。 [本题分数]： 1.0 分 【答案解析】 work表工作的时候是不可数，works这一复数形式意思是“作品”。 第3题 【正确答案】： 答案:have→has。 [本题分数]： 1.0 分 【答案解析】 主语是单数。 第4题 【正确答案】： 答案:happened→happening。 [本题分数]： 1.0 分 【答案解析】 语态是主动，且为现在进行时。 第5题 【正确答案】： 答案:more→。 [本题分数]： 1.0 分 【答案解析】 longer本身就是比较级，不需再加more。 第6题 【正确答案】： 答案:and→or。 [本题分数]： 1.0 分 【答案解析】 表示另一种可能、选择。 第7题 【正确答案】： 答案:instead⊥having→of。 [本题分数]： 1.0 分 【答案解析】 固定搭配。 第8题 【正确答案】： 答案:planned→planning。 [本题分数]： 1.0 分 【答案解析】 plan和family是主动关系，故用现在分词。 第9题 【正确答案】： 答案:has→have。 [本题分数]： 1.0 分 【答案解析】 主语是the nations，故用复数。 第10题 【正确答案】： 答案:off→。 [本题分数]： 1.0 分 【答案解析】 cut off表示“切断”，此处是减少的意思，所以要去掉off。 六、Chinese to English （本大题1小题．每题10.0分，共10.0分。Translate the following underlined part of the text into English. ） 第1题 社区教育是外来名词，由联全国教科文组织对社区教育的界定引入到对我国社区教育的定义。随着我国经济的发展，城市化进程的加快，大批城乡有居发搬迁新居，从而产生一个个居发小区，社区由此形成。而社区教育适应了社区居民精神生活和终身学习的需要，满足了居民的受教育的权利和自身和谐发展的需要，促进了社会的稳定和生产力的发展。我围社区教育的发展，需要全社会转变教育观念，树立终身教育、大教育观和社区教育观念，将社区教育放在一定社会经济、社会发展的大背景下去考虑。   【正确答案】： 答案: Community Education is a foreign term, which is introduced to define our country's community education according to the definition of UNESCO. With the development of economy, acceleration of urbanization, lots of people move to new houses, for which residences come into being as well as communities. Community education adapts to the requirements of the residents spiritual life and life-long learning. Meanwhile, it meets the needs of the residents education right and their own harmonious development, and thus promotes social stability and the development and productivity. The development of our country's community education demands people to alter their educational values, form the concepts of life-long education, macro-education and community education, and consider the community education against certain economic and social development. [本题分数]： 10.0 分 【答案解析】 本篇翻译使用了转化定语从句、省略、顺译等技巧。本文是关于社科教育的说明文，文体正式，文字严谨、，句式紧凑。翻译应忠实于原文，注意用词应得体、简练，句子通顺易懂，处理好长句中内容与句式的关系。 1．社区教育是……，由……：处理为定语从句，“联合国教科文组织”：UNESCO，“界定”：definition。 2．城市化进程的加快：acceleration of urbanization。 3．从而产生了……：for which…come into being。 4．精神生活和终身学习：spiritual life and life-long learning。 5．自身和谐发展：their own harmonious development。 6．全社会：意指“人民”因此译为people。 7．树立终身教育、大教育观和社区教育观念：form the concepts of life-long education, macro-education and community education。 七、English to Chinese （本大题1小题．每题10.0分，共10.0分。Translate the following underlined part of the text into Chinese. ） 第1题 The days of his youth appeared like dreams before him, and he recalled the serious moment when his father placed him at the entrance of the two roads--one leading to a peaceful, sunny place, covered with flowers, fruits and resounding wit soft, sweet songs; the other leading to a deep, dark cave, which was endless, where poison flowed instead of water and where devils and poisonous snakes hissed and crawled. He looked towards the sky and cried painfully, "O youth, return! O my father, place me once more at the entrance to life, and I'll choose the better way!" But both his father and the days of his youth had passed away. 【正确答案】：答案: 青春的岁月如梦幻般浮现在眼前，他回想起父亲将让在人生岔路口上的关键时刻，当时，他面前有两条路：一条通向和平宁静、阳光灿烂的地方，那里到处是花果，到处回荡着柔和甜美的歌声；另一条则通向黑暗无底的深渊，那里流淌着毒液而不是清水，恶魔肆虐，毒蛇嘶嘶爬动。 他仰望天空，痛苦地哭喊：“哦，青春，你回来吧!哦，爸爸，请把我重新放到人生的路口上吧，我会做出更好的选择。”然而他的父亲和他的青春年华皆离他远去。 [本题分数]： 10.0 分 【答案解析】 本段译文使用了增译、词组转换、断句等翻译方法。原文是关于青春岁月的散文，两段话中只有两个长句子，句式略显复杂，但词汇较容易理解。翻译时要注意用词必须符合原文散文的文风，多选择形象、生动的词句来表达。 1．第一句译文省略his和him的具体翻译，假如此处全译出来会使译文略显啰嗦。 2．appeared like dreams before him：如梦幻股浮现在眼前。 3．he recalled…two roads：原句when引导的从句修饰the serious moment，译文把修饰语前置，并增译“他面前有两条路”，避免了成分堆叠，表述不清的问题。the enhance of the two roads：字面意思是“两条路的入口”，译文表达为“人生岔路口”，更具文采。 4．peaceful, sunny place：分别用四字词语表达“和平宁静、阳光灿烂”。 5．which was…，where…and where：这一句看起来有点指代不明确，翻译时可断句处理，把信息点按原文次序逐一译出。 6．looked towards the sky：假如单纯地译为“望向天空”则显得缺乏表现力，“仰望天空”可令译文增色，而且翻译得更具体生动。 7．最后一句再次出现了“the days of his youth”，此处译文采用了“青春年华”的说法，与首次出现时泽为“青春的岁月”区别开来。 八、Writing（本大题1小题．每题20.0分，共20.0分。 ） 第1题 What are the important things in your life? People have different ideas about this question. You are asked to write an article on this point to express your opinion. Write an article of 400 words on this. You should supply a title for your article. In the first part of your writing you should present your thesis statement, and in the second part you should support the thesis statement with appropriate details. In the last part you should bring what you have written to a natural conclusion with a summary. Marks will be awarded for content, organization, grammar and appropriateness. Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marks. 【正确答案】：答案: Friend, The Most Important Thing in My Life Sometimes people come into your life and you know right away that they were meant to be there, to serve some sort of purpose, teach you a lesson, or to help you figure out who you are or who you want to become. You never know who these people may be a roommate, a neighbor, a professor, a friend, a lover, or even a complete stranger but when you lock eyes with them, you know at that very moment they will affect your life in some profound way. Sometimes things happen to you that may seem horrible, painful, and unfair at first, but in reflection you find that without overcoming those obstacles you would have never realized your potential, strength, willpower, or heart. Illness, injury, love, lost moments of true greatness, and sheer stupidity all occur to test the limits of your soul. Without these small tests, whatever they may be, life would be like a smoothly paved straight flat road to nowhere. It would be safe and comfortable, but dull and utterly pointless. The people you meet who affect your life, and the success and downfalls you experience, help to create who you are and who you become. Even the bad experiences can be learned from. In fact, they are sometimes the most important ones. If someone loves you, give love back to them in whatever way you can, not only because they love you, but because in a way, they are teaching you to love and how to open your heart and eyes to things. If someone hurts you, betrays you, or breaks your heart, forgive them, for they have helped you learn about trust and the importance of being cautious to whom you open your heart. Make every day count. Appreciate every moment and take from those moments everything that you possibly can for you may never be able to experience it again. Talk to people that you have never talked to before, and listen to what they have to say. Let yourself fall in love, break free, and set your sights high. Hold your head up because you have every right to. Tell yourself you are a great individual and believe in yourself, for if you don't believe in yourself, it will be hard for others to believe in you. You can make anything you wish of your life. Create your own life and then go out and live it with absolutely no regrets. And if you love someone tell them, for you never know what tomorrow may have in store. 九、General Knowledge（本大题10小题．每题1.0分，共10.0分。 There are ten multiple-choice questions in this section. Choose the best answer to each question. Mark your answers on your coloured answer sheet. ） 第1题 The Canadian population is chiefly characterized by ______. A. its size B. its growth C. its linguistic duality D. its French origins 【正确答案】：C 【本题分数】：1.0分 【答案解析】 本题考查加拿大文化生活知识。加拿大的官方语言是英语和法语，这种双语现象是加拿大人口的一个主要特征。 第2题 Easter falls officially on the ______ Sunday after the full moon of March. A. first B. second C. third D. fourth 【正确答案】：A 【本题分数】：1.0分 【答案解析】 本题考查美国文化生活知识。复活节(Easter)是三月或四月第一个月圆后的星期天。它是为了纪念耶稣基督的复活而举办的，复活节流行涂彩蛋的习俗。 第3题 The name Australia comes from the Latin words meaning ______. A. happy land B. southern land C. big land D. rich land 【正确答案】：B 【本题分数】：1.0分 【答案解析】 本题考查澳大利亚历史知识。澳大利亚名字来源于拉丁语，意为“南方的土地”。 第4题 ______ linguistics refers to the study of a language or languages at a single point in time, without reference to earlier or later stages. A. Diachronic B. Synchronic C. Historical D. Comparative 【正确答案】：B 【本题分数】：1.0分 【答案解析】 本题考查语言学概念。共时语言学(synchronic linguistics)指对某一种语言或一个特定时期的语言作为研究，不需要以早期或后期的语言作为参考，如现代汉语研究、莎士比亚时代语言研究等都属于此类。 第5题 New England is in the ______ of the United States. A. northwest B. southeast C. southwest D. northeast 【正确答案】：D 【本题分数】：1.0分 【答案解析】 本题考查美国地理知识。新英格兰位于美国东北部，包括缅因州、新罕布什尔州、佛蒙特州、马萨诸塞州、罗德岛州和康涅狄格州。 第6题 Speech act theory was first proposed by ______. A. John Searle B. John Austin C. Noam Chomsky D. John Firth 【正确答案】：B 【本题分数】：1.0分 【答案解析】 本题考查语用学知识。语言行为理论(Speech Act Theory)由英国哲学家约翰·奥斯汀提出，认为语言不仅可以用来表达，更可以用来“做事”，即“以言行事”。 第7题 The Deserted Village was written by ______, the outstanding representative of the sentimentalist school. A. Bums B. Pope C. Goldsmith D. Wordsworth 【正确答案】：C 【本题分数】：1.0分 【答案解析】 本题考查英国文学知识。奥利弗·哥尔德斯密斯(Oliver Goldsmith)是英国新古典主义时期的散文家、诗人和剧作家，他的作品《荒村》(The Deserted Village)是伤感主义的杰出诗作。 第8题 Which of the following exposed the evils of the meatpacking industry? A. The Jungle B. The Octopus C. The History of the Standard Oil Company D. The Shame of the Cities. 【正确答案】：C 【本题分数】：1.0分 【答案解析】 本题考查美国文学作品知识。小说《屠场》(The Jungle)是厄普顿·辛克莱(Upton Sinclair)所写的关于芝加哥肉类加工业的纪实小说，作为一部揭露黑幕的小说，该作品具有强烈的震撼人心的效果。 第9题 The words that contain only one morpheme are called ______. A. bound morphemes B. affixes C. free morphemes D. roots 【正确答案】：C 【本题分数】：1.0分 【答案解析】 本题考查形态学知识。只包含一个语素的词是自由语素，它可以独立出现、独立成词。 第10题 New Deal was the program of social and economic reforms introduced by President ______. A. L. B. JohnsonB. Franklin.D. Roosevelt C. Eisenhower D. Gerald R. Ford 【正确答案】：B 【本题分数】：1.0分 【答案解析】 本题考查美国历史知识。1932年，美国第32任总统富兰克林·罗斯福推行新政，包括一系列的社会和经济改革措施。 跟多试卷请访问《做题室》www.zuotishi.com