全新版大学英语综合教程2答案

Vocabulary I. 1. 1) incredible 3) hits home 2) remainder 4) investment -126- Appendix I 5) by nature 6) lap 7) decorate 8) harmony 9) move on to 10) bulletin 11) at intervals 12) client 13) theory 14) item 15) military 2. 1) Though Roger is absolutely convinced that the plan will work, I am still skeptical of/about it- 2) Carol's worrying about her daughter has much to do with her being hooked on the Internet recently. 3) Alison's so disorganized— I wish she'd get her act together. 4) Despite her resolution not to believe such modern fairy tales any more, she couldn't resist the idea of admiring superheroines. 5) Mention of the controversy over the matter would still undo her. 3. 1) Don't be taken in by his charming manner; he is hard and cruel by nature and rarely shows pity for the poor, rusrnc 2) The rescue team is racing the clock to salvage (打捞) the bodies of the sailors trapped in the sunken submarine (潜水艇) with sophisticated equipment. 3) The original draft of the declaration strongly reproaches some big powers for possessing large numbers of nuclear weapons and consuming too much of the earth's natural re?sources. 2. as well/too 4. also 6. too 8. Also II. Synonyms 1. also 3. too 5. as well/too 7. also III. Usage 1. I used to hate jogging but I'm actually growing to like it now. 2. We didn't have the chance to see her — she was too busy. 3. It seems she was coming to understand it better as she grew older. 4. How did you manage to become a television anchorwoman? 5. Gradually I came to like the proposal she brought forward in the group discussion. Appendix I - 129 - 6. You're becoming more and more like your mother. Structure 1. 1) If only it were that simple! 2) We could go out this afternoon if only it would stop raining. 3) If only she hadn't told David about that, everything would have been all right. 4) If only she hadn't come into the room at that particular moment. 2. 1) Tom is/was too intelligent for his class so he is/was not learning anything there. 2) The task is/was far too difficult for a nine-year-old. 3) There are/were too many people for such a small room. 4) The noise became too much for me so I went and complained. Comprehensive Exercises I. Cloze (A) 1. incredible 3. care for 5. decorate 7. put pen to paper 9. piece of cake 11. despite (B) l.One 3. having 5. wrong 7. with 9. to 11. in 13. true 15. Eventually 17. later 2. corporation 4. set aside 6. move on 8. draft 10. get our act together 12. charmed 2. when 4. However 6. not 8. if 10. reads 12. should 14. up 16. plus II. Translation Barbara has dreamed of becoming a CEO for a long time. To achieve her heart's desire, she applied for a job in many a multi-national corporation, but failed to get it. However, nothing seems to be able to undo her. With a loan from a local bank she opened a restaurant not long ago. While doing business she is having two young children to care for. Also, she is working at/studying for an MBA degree. Despite all th is she manages to get her act together. Nevertheless, even to her, racing the clock is by no means a piece of cake. It's a very exhausting job. Part III TextB Comprehension Check l.b 3.d 5. d 7. a 2. a 4. b 6. c Translation (#J& Appendix III) Language Practice 1. set out 3. temporary 5. weighed down 7. plentiful 9. pleaded 11. in control of 13. expense 15. reaction 17. at every opportunity 19. soak up 2. renewed 4. sought after 6. quit 8. takes all the credit 10. died of 12. party 14. lives for 16. semester 18. stir 20. take ... back . Appendix I - 181 Part IV Theme-Related Language Learning Tasks Model paper Women Hold up Half the Sky "Men are born free but everywhere they are in chains," wrote the French philosopher Rousseau. Being a man he forgot to add that the chains that hold women back are often stronger and heavier. It is true that women are no longer tied to the home, and have entered fully into the world of work. Nevertheless, childbirth and greater responsibilities for childcare can put women at a disadvantage in competition with men. The situation is made all the more difficult by discrimination against women in selection and promotion in certain professions. There are a number of ways to remedy this situation. Improving women's confidence about what they can achieve is one. Destroying male prejudices is another. But the answer lies not just in changing ideas. Material support in the form of improved childcare facilities is needed, as is greater protection from the law against sexual discrimination. (152 words) Unit? Part I Pre-Reading Task Script for the recording: English is the most widely used language in the history of our planet. One in every seven human beings can speak it. More than half of the world's books and three quarters of international mail are in English. Of all languages, English has the largest vocabulary — perhaps as many as two million words — and one of the noblest bodies of literature. Nonetheless, let's face it. English is a crazy language. There is no egg in eggplant, neither pine or apple in pineapple and no ham in a hamburger. English muffins weren't invented in England or French fries in France. Sweetmeats are candy, while sweetbreads, which aren't sweet, are meat. Sometimes I wonder if all English speakers should be sent to a madhouse. In what other -132- Appendix I language do people drive on a parkway and park in a driveway? Ship by truck and send cargo by ship?1 Have noses that run and feet that smell?2 How can a slim chance and a fat chance be the same, while a wise guy and a wise man3 are opposites? How can overlook and oversee are opposites, while quite a lot and quite a few are alike? How can the weather be hot as hell one day and cold as hell the next? You have to marvel at the glorious messiness of a language in which your house can burn up as it burns down, in which you fill in a form by filling it out and in which your alarm clock goes off by going on. English was invented by people, not computers, and it reflects the creativity of the human race, which, of course, isn't a race at all. That is why when stars are out they are visible, but when the lights are out they are invisible. And why, when I wind up my watch I start it, but when I wind up this speech I end it. Part II Text A Text Organization 1. Parts Paragraphs Main Ideas Part One Paras 1-3 Massive borrowing from other languages is a major feature of the English language. Part Two Paras 4-16 Tells about the history of the English language from the Indo-European parent language to modern English. Part Three Paras 17-19 Tolerance, love of freedom, and respect for the rights of oth?ers — these qualities in the English-speaking people explain the richness of their language. 1 Ship by truck and send cargo by ship: The first "ship" means "send", the second one "a large boat". 2 Have noses that run and feet that smell: This refers to what people usually say" have a running nose", "have smelly feet". 3 a wise guy and a wise man: The former refers to a person who pretends to know more than he does; the latter to a man of unusual learning. Appendix I - 188 2. Paras 4-9 The introduction of the Indo-European language — the parent language of En- riyioj won-gksh Paras 10-11 Germanic tribes came to settle in Britain and brought Anglo-Saxon words — Old English Para 12 The Christian religion enriched English with words from Greek and Latin Para 13 The Vikings from Scandinavia came with words from Old Norse Para 14 The Norman Conquest — French influence Para 15 The European Renaissance and the printing press brought many new words from Latin and Greek Para 16 The American revolution — the emergence of a new variety — American En?glish Vocabulary I. 1. 1) independent 2) Strictly speaking 3) drifted 4) resembles 5) virtually 6) invaded 7) conquered 8) fascinating 9) snack 10) will be put into practice 11) classics ..12) source 13) climate 14) surrendered 15) were ... aroused 2. 1) In the United States, private cars are an absolute necessity rather than a luxury. 2) Everyone thinks that the new member is a valuable addition to the football team. 3) I am afraid the fire will get out of control if the firemen do not arrive within ten minutes. 4) As all flights to the United States have been cancelled, you have no alternative but to go via Vancouver to get to Seattle. 5) The government has declared all beef imports will be banned for the next six months for fear of the spread of mad cow disease. 3. 1) Through systematic research, scientists have invented many drugs that are said to help us live longer, but the cause of aging remains, to a very real extent, one of life's mysteries. 2) The two parties have reached an agreement to establish a joint venture in Beijing, but before a formal contract is signed, some clauses in the draft agreement need to be modi- - 184 - Appendix I fied/modifying so that no misunderstanding will arise as to their interpretation. 3) Our ancestors have passed onto us the wisdom that to ensure the long-lasting prosperity of a country, we must show tolerance for the errors made by those who strike out revolution?ary paths. These people, with their new ideas and practice, will enrich the national experi?ence. II. Synonyms 1. a) wish 2. a) skin 3. a) rear/raise 4. a) royal b) wish b) hide/skin b) raise b) kingly/royal c) want c) hide c) rear/raise c) sovereign d) wish/want d) skin d) raise d) royal/kingly III. Usage 1.Indeed 3. Frankly 5. To my knowledge 7. Nevertheless 9. instead i 2. though 4. Moreover 6. however 8. Yet 10. in other words Structure l 1) We are literally crawling. There must be some traffic accident ahead. 2) Thomas sounds very knowledgeable about traditional Chinese medicine. He must have had some special training. 3) The draft document is complete in virtually every detail. It must have taken him months to prepare it. 4) Cathy must have missed the train. She should have arrived here two hours ago. 5) What? It cost you one thousand dollars to fill a hollow tooth? You must be exaggerating! 2. 1) Are we supposed to deposit our bags before entering the supermarket? 2) The spaceship is supposed to land on Mars at 10:40 this morning. 3) As a car driver, you are supposed to know how to change a tire. 4) The nurses in the hospital are supposed to take good care of the patients. 5) We are supposed to speak only in English when we discuss text organization. Appendix I - 185 - Comprehensive fxercises I. Cloze (A) 1. fascinating 3. invented 5. ban 7. out of control 9. Fortunately 11. sources (B) 1) early 3) found 5) source 7) in 9) how 11) given/delivered 13) by 15) without 2. tolerance 4. addition 6. corrupt 8. establishing 10. Massive 12. enrich 2) those 4) must 6) further 8) began 10) in 12) than 14) so 16) common II. Translation Though how the English language came into existence remains a mystery, linguists/language scientists now tend to believe that English and most other European languages have descended from a common source; the Indo-European parent language. English was first spoken by the Anglo-Saxons who invaded England in the fifth century. They passed onto us the basic vocabu?lary of English. In its over 15 centuries of development, English has borrowed from other lan?guages massively, and such borrowing has greatly enriched its vocabulary. As settlers landed in America and established the United States as an independent nation, a new variety was added to the English language: American English. Though some people worry that the language is running out of control, many native speakers of English take pride in the tolerance of their language. - 136 - Appendix I Part III TextB Comprehension Check 1. c 2. c 3. c 4. d 5. b 6. d Translation (#J& Appendix III) Language Practice 1. give way to 2. predict 3. substantial 4. integrate 5. in transition 6. aspect 7. professionals 8. genuine 9. economic 10. to name a few 11. authority 12. dominate 13. crude 14. trend 15. shift 16. had contributed to 17. unique 18. exceeding 19. rid yourself of 20. status Part IV Theme-Related Language Learning Tasks Model paper Estimates of English Speakers from 1950 to 2050 This graph shows the changes of the estimated numbers of English speakers from 1950 to 2050. English speakers are divided into three groups, i.e., LI speakers, L2 speakers and EFL speak?ers. According to the graph, it is estimated that the number of LI speakers was a little over 200 Appendix I -137- million in 1950, a figure that will increase to around 450 million by 2050. L2 speakers will triple during the same period, from less than 200 million to around 600 million. EFL speakers will double in number over the period, starting from about 400 million in 1950 and reaching to over 900 million in 2050. Although the numbers of English speakers in all three groups tend to increase, their patterns of increase are different. LI speakers increase steadily over the entire period, but not as rapidly as L2 speakers. This rapid growth is predicted to lead to L2 speakers outnumbering LI speakers by the year 2010. Trends for the number of EFL speakers follow a somewhat different path. While the figures remained stable during the 1950s they then began to experience an increasingly sharp rise that is expected to level off and remain stable from 2020. (195 words) Unit 8 Part I Pre-Reading Task Script for the recording: Listen to the song called Big Yellow Taxi the singer, Amy Grant, will sing, and see what it is about: They paved paradise and put up a parking lot With a pink hotel, a boutique, and a swinging hot spot Don't it always seem to go That you don't know what you got till it's gone They paved paradise and put up a parking lot They took all the trees and put 'em in a tree museum ? And then they charged all the people twenty-five bucks just to see 'em Don't it always seem to go That you don't know what you got till it s gone They paved paradise and put up a parking lot - 186 - Appendix I Hey farmer, farmer, put away your DDT now Give me spots on my apples out leave me the birds and the tees, please Don't it always seem to go That you don't know what you got till it's gone They paved paradise and put up a parking lot Don't it always seem to go That you don't know what you got till it's gone They paved paradise and put up a parking lot Late last night I heard the screen door slam And a big yellow taxi carried off my old man Don't it always seem to go That you don't know what you got till it's gone They paved paradise and put up a parking lot 8 H Don't it always seem to go That you don't know what you got till it's gone They paved paradise and put up a parking lot . When people live in the countryside they want to live in the city. And when they get to live in the city they begin to miss the beauty of nature. Which is just how the singer feels. She remembers how beautiful the countryside was before it was built over with parking lots, hotels, fashion shops and nightclubs. In her words: i They paved paradise and put up a parking lot With a pink hotel, a boutique, and a swinging hot spot City life has become so far removed from nature that she jokes about how we may have to pay to enjoy it. They took all the trees and put 'em in a tree museum And then they charged all the people twenty-five bucks just to see’em Appendix I - 189 - Not such a wild idea, perhaps, when one remembers city people have to pay for their parks. But the problem is not only in the cities. We are destroying nature even in the countryside, as chemicals such as DDT that farmers use to protect crops wipe out insects and then the birds that feed on them. The singer calls for them to stop. Hey farmer, farmer, put away your DDT now Give me spots on my apples but leave me the birds and the bees, please Sadly we often don't realize just how much things mean to us until it is too late. The same is true of everything: even of people who are close to us. The singer can't help her thoughts coming round to this point, for only last night her lover left her, slamming the door behind him before driving off into the night in a taxi. Late last night I beard the screen door slam And a bid yellow taxi carried off my old man In personal life as with public issues, it is much the same. We only find out how valuable things were to us when we lose them. Which all goes to show that Don't it always seem to go That you don't know what you got till it s gone. Part II Text A Text Organization 1. Parts Central Argument Supporting Details Part One (Paras 1-5) It is important to distinguish be- 1. the ozone layer: skin cancer; plank- tween environmental necessities ton and environmental luxuries and 2. the green house effect: melting ice - 140 - Appendix I apply the fundamental principle caps; disturbed climate; dried up of sensible environmentalism. plains; empty breadbaskets 3. man's self-preservation Part Two (Paras 6-11) A sensible environmentalism 1. the so-called "Gaia theory" does not sentimentalize the earth. 2. Protagoras' principle 3. oil war and the reindeer 4. the spotted owl and logging fami?lies Part Three (Paras 12-14) Man is the master of nature. 1. man's well-being first 2. who should accommodate and how 3. humanistic environmentalism 2. 1) environmental luxuries vs. environmental necessities 2) sensible environmentalism vs. sentimental environmentalism 3) man vs. nature Vocabulary I. 1. 1) universal 2) current 3) worked his way 4) deny 5) melt 6) came through 7) threat 8) combat 9) in the name of 10) raged 11) vote 12) concerns 13) in part 14) reality 15) urgent 2. 1) There has been much debate on the new teaching method invented by a young education- ist. 2) Most kinds of cancer are fatal without proper treatment. 3) John has submitted an application for retirement at the age of 56 on the grounds of ill health. 4) Can you draw a distinction between these two approaches? They sound so similar to me. 5) Cars should stop at red traffic lights. Similarly, bicycles should stop, too. 3. 1) Ecologists constantly call for people to stop cutting trees for the sake of man's own future. Appendix 1 - 141 - As a matter of fact, more and more people have realized that man's fate is closely bound up with his environment. 2) We distinguish the excellent manager from the common one by observing his human rela?tions skills to accommodate all kinds of conflicting interests within his company. The excellent manager can always create a lively atmosphere through various proposals and suggestions while the common one can do nothing more than complain about everything. 3) It goes against the grain of contemporary concept of ecology ( 生态学 ) to overuse our natural resources regardless of serious ecological consequences. While it is ridiculous to worship the earth to the point of excess, to ignore the fundamental principles of ecologi?cal balance is dangerous too. II. Confusable Words 1. 1) sensible 3) sentimental 5) sensible 2. 1) conserve 3) conserve 2) sensitive 4) sensitive 6) sentimental 2) preserves 4) preserving III. Word Formation age-old 古老的 air force 空军 daughter-in-law 儿媳妇 first-rate 一流的 greenhouse 温室 half brother 同母异父兄弟；同父异母兄弟 ice-cream 冰激凌 lifelike 逼真的 light year 光年 salesperson 售货员；推销员 self-centered 以自己为中心的，自私的 threefold 三倍 overuse 过度使用 stone-still 石头似的一动不动 worldwide 全世界范围的；在全世界范围的 - 142 - Appendix I Structure 1. 1) Now that he has begun a new life in a foreign country, everything seems so different and he is understandably excited. 2) The things I've worked so hard for appear to me so shallow and worthless now that I've achieved them. 3) Now that the warmer months are coming, why don't you take the opportunity to travel around Siberia? 4) Now that she knew the whole truth she realized how stupid she had been not to suspect that her boyfriend was actually a spy. 2. 1) When Mount Qomolangma was remeasured in 1987 by a more accurate method, it was found to be 24 meters higher than previously believed. 2) The central heating system has proved less effective than originally hoped for. 3) The new electro