形容词和副词比较级的用法

形容词和副词比较级的用法 形容词和副词的用法 1. 形容词是用来描写或修饰名词或代词的一类词。 在句中主要做定语和语等成分。做定语时修饰名词或代词(一般为不定代词)，修饰名词时常放于名词前，修饰不定代词时常放于不定代词后，做表语时和系动词(简称系词)连用，构成一个系表结构。例如: Can you hear the loud noise? (定语)你听见大的吵闹声了吗, The noise is very loud . (表语)吵声很大 The quiet girl is my sister. (定语)那个安静的女孩是我妹妹。 My sister looks very quiet . (表语)我妹妹看起来很安静。 He lives a happy life. (定语)他过着幸福生活。 He feels happy. (表语)他感觉很快乐。 There is something wrong with the car. (定语)这个小车出毛病了。 I have nothing new to tell you. (定语)我没什么新东西告诉你。 Do you have anything interesting to tell us? (定语)你有一些有趣的东西告诉我们吗, 2. 常和形容词连用构成系表结构的连系动词有: look (看起来，看上去)， feel (感觉)， taste (尝起来)， smell (闻起来)，get (变得)，turn(变)，become(成为，变得)，sound (听起来)等。 例如: The weather gets warmer and the trees turn green in spring. 春天天气变暖和了，树变绿了。 The flowers smell sweet. 这些花闻起来很香。 The soup taste nice. 这汤尝上去很好吃。 You look fine. 你看起来气色很好。 3. 副词是用以修饰动词，形容词，其他副词以及全句的词 例如: The men and the women walk quickly. 这些男女走得很快。 The children walk slowly. 孩子们走得很慢。 They often laugh loudly. 他们经常大声地笑。 1(原级的构成和用法 l)构成:形容词，副词的原级形式是形容词，副词的原形( 2)用法:表示双方在程度，性质，特征等某方面相等时，用“ as 十原级形容词或副词十 as”的结构;表示双方不相等时，用“ not so (as)十原级形容词或副词十 as”的结构;表示一方是另一方的若干倍时，用“倍数十 as十原级形容词或副词十 as”的结构( 例如:This building looks not so (as) high as that one( Ms(Sun speaks English as fluently as you( This room is three times as large as that one. 2(比较级的构成和用法 1)比较级和最高级的构成: ?单音节形容词以及少数以- er，- ow结尾的形容词和副词加“ er”， great greater narrow narrower fast faster clever cleverer ?以 e结尾的单音节形容词和副词后以及少数以- ble，- ple结尾的双音节形容词和副词后，加“ r”，. large larger able abler simple simpler ?以一个辅音结尾的单音节形容词，其前的元音字母发短元音时，该辅音字母要双写，然后加“ er”，“ . hot hotter ?以辅音加 y结尾的形容词和少数不是形容词加 ly构成的副词要将 y改为 i，再加“ er”， easy easier early earlier happy happier ?一般双音节词、多音节形容词和副词在原级前加 more beautiful more beautiful carefully more carefully ?少数单音节形容词也加 more和 most构成比较级。 tired more tired pleased more pleased ?下列形容词、副词的比较级可有两种构成( cruel crueler more cruel often oftener more often strict stricter more strict friendly friendlier more friendly ?下列形容词，副词的比较级的构成不规则( good，well better bad, ill worse many，much more little less far farther further old elder,older 2)比较级的用法 ?双方比较，表示一方超过另一方时，用“比较级十 than”的结构表示(例如: This pen is better than that one. ?表示一方不及另一方时，用“ less十原级十 than”的结构表示(例如: This room is less beautiful than that one( ?表示一方超过另一方的程度或数量时，可在比较前加表示程度的状语，如:even，a lot，a bit，a little，still，much，far，yet，by far等修饰(例如:He works even harder than before( 注意:的比较级前如无 even，still，或 yet等时，译成汉语时可用“较”或“„„一些”或不译出，一般不可用“更”，如: She is better than she was yesterday(她比昨天好些了( Please come earlier tomorrow( 请明天早点来( 注意:by far通常用于强调最高级(用于比较级时，一般放在比较级的后面，如在前面，应在二者中间加“ the”(如 He is taller by far than his brother He is by far the taller of the two brothers. ?表示一方随另一方的程度而变化时，用“ the 十比较级(主语十谓语)，the 十比 较级(主语十谓语)”的结构(例如: The harder he works，the happier he feels( ?不与其它事物相比,表示本身程度的改变时，用“比较级十 and十比较级”的结构(例如: The weather is getting colder and colder. The girl becomes more and more beautiful( ?某些以一or结尾的形容词进行比较时，用 to代替 than((这些词有inferior，superior，junior，senior，prior等(例如: He is superior to Mr Wang in mathematics( ?在比较从句中为了避免重复，我们通常用 that(those)，one(ones)代替前面出现的名词。 that指物，one既可指人，也可指物(that可代替可数名词单数和不可数名词，而one只能代替可数名词.例如: The book on the table is more interesting than that on the desk. A box made of iron is stronger than one made of wood( ?表示倍数的比较级有如下几种句型: A) A is three(four，ete) times the size(height，length，width，ete) of B(例如; The new building is four times the size( the height) of the old one( 这座新楼是那座旧楼的四倍大(四倍高)。(这座新楼比那座旧楼大三倍[高三倍])( B) A is three(four，etc) times as big(high，long，wide，etc() as B(例如: Asia is four times as lareg as Europe，亚洲是欧洲的四倍大((亚洲比欧洲大三倍() C) A is three(four，etc() times bigger ( higher，longer，wider，etc() than B( 例如:Your school is three times bigger than ours， 你们的学校比我们的学校大三倍((你们的学校是我们学校的四倍大() 用 times表示倍数，一般只限于表示包括 基数在内三倍或三倍以上的数(表示两倍可以用 twice或 double 比较级专项训练 用所给词的适当形式填空。 1. Yesterday was even __________ (cold). 2. Tom is heavy, Jack is as __________(heavy) as Tom. 3. If you work harder, your English will be __________(good). 4. My sister speaks English as __________(good) as me. 5. Which do you like __________(well), this one or that one? 6. Mike is __________ (thin) of the two brothers. 7. Nobody is __________ (clever) than Jane in our class. 8. The elephant is __________ (big) than the horse. 9. Your sweater is much __________ (expensive) than mine. 10. Our village is getting more and __________ (beautiful). 句型转换。 1. John is tall. Tom is taller. (合并为一句) John is __________ __________ Tom. 2. Mike is 12 years old. Jack is 11 years old. (合并为一句) Jack is __________ __________Mike. 3. Your home is nearer than my home. (同义句) My home is __________ __________ your home. 4. This book is less interesting than that book? (同义句) That book is __________ __________ __________ this book. 5. Mary is the oldest of the three girls. (同义句) Mary is __________ __________ the other two girls. 单项选择。 1. Lucy is very short, but she is __________ than her sister. A. shorter B. longer C. taller D. older 2. Frank is __________ friendly than his brother. A. a little more B. a few more C. much D. a little 3. Sam is __________ at Chinese than Jim. A. good B. well C. better D. gooder 4. This one is too large. Can you show me a __________one? A. larger B. large C. small D. smaller 5. —Do you think March is __________ than January? —Yes, it’s __________ warmer. A. better, a little B. well, much C. worse, very D. nicer, quite 6. I can do the work better with __________ money. A. more B. less C. fewer D. much 7. I’m __________ quieter than Susan. A. little B. few C. a little D. a few 8. The watch is not __________ beautiful as that one. A. very B. too C. so D. more 9. His French isn’t so good as __________. A. her B. she C. his D. hers 10. It’s much better than __________ classes. A. have B. has C. to have D. having 11. Her bag is newer than __________. A. mine B. my C. me D. I 12. Lin Tao is younger than __________ boy in his class. A. any others B. any other C. the other D. the others 13. Which one is __________, this one or that one? A. good B. bad C. best D. worse 14. He is __________ than me. A. older B. elder C. young D. more younger 15. I don’t like the movie. It’s much too __________. A. more boring B. scarier C. sad D. sadder 16. The __________, the better. A. much B. many C. more D. most 17. Do you know who is __________ of the twins? A. shorter B. heavier C. the older D. the funny 18. The weather in North China is colder than __________ in South China. A. \ B. this C. the one D. that 19. Her work is a little hard, but it’s __________. A. more exciting B. very exciting C. more interesting D. much interesting 20. I think your room is __________ bigger. A. a lot B. a lot of C. lots of D. more