高考英语听力技巧

高考英语听力技巧 高考英语复习系列讲座 (17) 第一部分 专题讲座 高考英语听力题解题技巧 听力测试的主要形式有二种:一为长短对话理解;二为短文理解。对话理解是考查一定语境或情境中所现出的快速反应及推理判断能力;短文理解则是在这基础上考查对一个结构比较完整，意义相对连贯的语段的理解能力，是一种高层次，高难度的听力测试形式。 上海卷高考听力测试对话部分的包括对时间，地点，数字的细节考查，又有对原因，人物情感态度，主题大意，句子潜在含义的推测判断能力的考查。 听力测试部分和语法词汇部分一样是对所有参加上海英语高考卷考试的考生的一项基本测试内容。共30分，占总分的1,5，比例相当大了。也就是说，这是一个基本分，人人要求过关达到的。那么我们的困难在哪儿呢。又有什么基本解题要求和技巧呢,下面就围绕这几方面展开来谈一点看法。 一. 听力测试的困难所在 二. 常见听力题型 1. 数字题型 1) 有关读数的题目。这类题主要考查同学们: (1) 对数字的敏感程度，即多位数，分数，小数，百分数的正确读法。例如: 576,328,490 读作 five hundred and seventy-six million three hundred and twenty-eight thousand four hundred and ninety 1/3 读作one third 2/5 读作 two fifths 读作one point six 78% 读作 seventy-eight percent (2) 对时间的正确读法。例如: 5: 45 读作 five forty-five 或 a quarter to six 7: 30 读作 seventy thirty 或 half past seven (3) 对日期的正确读法。例如: 1909年9月9日读作 September the ninth，nineteen o nine 2001年1月22日读作January the twenty-second, the year two thousand one (4) 对电话号码的正确读法。例如: 63579088读作six three five seven nine o/zero double eight (5) 对航班号，街道，房间号，金额等的正确读法。例如: Fight 806 读作Flight eight o six 2) 在听懂数字的基础上，进行一些简单运算的能力。例如: W:Here’s a twenty-dollar note, give me two tickets for tomorrow’s concert, please. M:Sure. Two tickets and here’s $7.40 change. Q:How much does one ticket cost? (B) A. $5.40 B. $6.30 C. $6.40 D. $12.60 这道题目的关键在于听到的四个数字:twenty, two,7.40和one。对话的双方谈论的是两张票和找 回的钱，而题目问的是一张票的价钱。除了要听懂听清以外，还要快速地进行计算。 此外，掌握常用的特殊疑问词，有助于迅速地找出题目的关键词，并作出正确的判断: What time…, When…, How long…, How much…, How many…, How far…, How often…, How soon… 2. 地点型题 在这类题目中，往往不能直接听到对话中出现关键的地名。必须根据对话情节来推断事件发生的地the provisions of Hunan province safety production supervision and management responsibilities > (Hunan Zhengban made 2013 No. 4), resolutely implement the safety production of the party with responsibility, a pair of responsibility. "Two is issued safety production administration and inspection to promote the responsibilities bear safety production supervision departments strictly and effectively assumed responsibility. The three is the establishment of enterprise production safety hidden With self correction self reporting system, promote the enterprises to implement the main responsibility for production safety. The four is the introduction of strengthening county safety production supervision ability construction work, promote safe production responsibility to the grassroots. 3, strict accountability and target management. Adhere to the "who is in charge, who is responsible for the pipe industry must pipes, pipe production and management must control safety management business must be safe" principle, the implementation of safe production supervision and stagnation to cure. "The leadership responsible system. Production safety of key towns, key enterprises and key problems, by the township government and the Department responsible for the stagnation led the lump sum, to tackle tough. To further increase the production safety index assessment, strict implementation of safe production of "one vote veto" award and recognition system, strengthen production safety incentive mechanism (four). Adhere to the political principles against unwholesome tendencies existence of the problem is not strict internal supervision. Over the years, the global leadership team members do not have any illegal and other bad records, but there are still not strict, the implementation does not survive the problem. A few leading cadres not strictly in accordance with the county Party committee, county government On strengthening style construction requirements and style construction safety supervision system of "ten prohibitions", to solve the people most concerned, the most direct, the most realistic problem of production safety as the starting point and goal of all work, to strengthen internal supervision on the way, in the perfect power control mechanism on "let things drift", get free in the political norms of leading cadres, some involving major principle problems of ambiguous attitude, major issues issues of right and wrong, it cannot stand up bravely, face to face, resolute struggle and discredit the views of the party in 2012. The style of the big consolidation activities, cadres and workers 6 people were 点。做这类题目的时候需要: 1) 熟悉一些与常考地点相关的词。例如: 饭店，旅馆:waiter, tip, check, menu, soup, salad, check in/out, book, room, reception, order, drink, steak, beef, cafeteria, cream, hamburger, beer, etc. 邮局，银行:post office, stamp, mail, package, postage, postcard, letter, parcel, bank, cash, account, savings, check, etc. 法院，医院:court, judge, crime, criminal, lawyer, sentence, admit, doctor, patient, operation, medicine, temperature, headache, dentist, symptom, treatment, cure, blood, etc. 加油站，商店:fill it up, check the oil, change, expensive, cheap, petrol, price, fashion, suit, afford, etc. 学校:campus, teacher, exam, mark, homework, subject, etc. 车站，飞机场，海关:stop, ticket, subway, plane customs, visa, platform, flight, etc. 2) 把对话中人物的身份和关系作为判断基础，然后再与对话情节结合起来。 3) 注意一些介词和地点名词的组合，以及一些表示方位的词。 例如:W: These tomatoes are dry. You must have watered them a lot. M: Yes, I did. They ought to be ripe enough to pick by next weekend when we have our picnic. Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place? A. In a kitchen B. In a garden C. In an orchard D. At a picnic 4) 熟悉这类题目常见的发问句型。例如:Where did the conversation take place? 3. 职业与身份型题 与地点型题一样，职业与身份型题也是往往不能直接从对话了解对话双方的职业，身份，国籍与双 方之间的关系。必须根据对话中的关键词，对话的内容，对话发生的地点，对话双方的语气来作推 断。这类题目经常碰到的有:teacher and student, doctor and patient, shop assistant and customer, mother and son, driver and passenger, boss and secretary等。每一个行业有它的特点:每一个人在不同的场合 有不同的角色，说不同的话。如:2003年秋的考题中有这样一个题目: M: Could you have Jane Smith come in for an interview? W: Sure, I will call her up immediately, sir. Q: What is the probably relationship between the two speakers? A. Interviewer and interviewee B. Teacher and student C. Doctor and nurse D. Boss and secretary 其中男士对女士提出要求，让她叫Jane Smith来进行面试，而女士说会这样做的，男士是要求的口 吻，女士是应允的口气，又和面试有关，所以我们选D项。再比如: W: Can you make me a counter four feet high and three feet wide? M: Sure. How many shelves do you need? Q: What most probably is the man’s occupation? A. A shoe maker B. A carpenter C. A tailor D: A gardener 显然，A正确答案。 One more example. W: Robert worked as a secretary for five years. Then he became an editor. After that he started doing Business with his brother. M: I know. And he has been doing nothing else ever since. Q: What is the Robert’s occupation now? A: He is a secretary B. He is a businessman C. He is a worker D. He is an editor 4. 婉转表达和推断内涵型题 这类题型有两种常见的形式:一种是对于一方提出的问题或谈到的看法，另一方出于礼貌或谦虚等 em. Production safety of key towns, key enterprises and key problems, by the township government and the Department responsibe safe" principle, the implementation of safe production supervision and stagnation to cure. "The leadership responsible systust bwho is responsible for the pipe industry must pipes, pipe production and management must control safety management business m production responsibility to the grassroots. 3, strict accountability and target management. Adhere to the "who is in charge,safe safety. The four is the introduction of strengthening county safety production supervision ability construction work, promotedden With self correction self reporting system, promote the enterprises to implement the main responsibility for production ety hision departments strictly and effectively assumed responsibility. The three is the establishment of enterprise production saf"Two is issued safety production administration and inspection to promote the responsibilities bear safety production supervi. 4), resolutely implement the safety production of the party with responsibility, a pair of responsibility. the provisions of Hunan province safety production supervision and management responsibilities > (Hunan Zhengban made 2013 Nohe party in 2012. The style of the big consolidation activities, cadres and workers 6 people weres of te, major issues issues of right and wrong, it cannot stand up bravely, face to face, resolute struggle and discredit the viewhings drift", get free in the political norms of leading cadres, some involving major principle problems of ambiguous attitudlet tarting point and goal of all work, to strengthen internal supervision on the way, in the perfect power control mechanism on "prohibitions", to solve the people most concerned, the most direct, the most realistic problem of production safety as the st f "tenmittee, county government On strengthening style construction requirements and style construction safety supervision system ot, the implementation does not survive the problem. A few leading cadres not strictly in accordance with the county Party comstric on. Over the years, the global leadership team members do not have any illegal and other bad records, but there are still not. Adhere to the political principles against unwholesome tendencies existence of the problem is not strict internal supervisifour)tation of safe production of "one vote veto" award and recognition system, strengthen production safety incentive mechanism (the stagnation led the lump sum, to tackle tough. To further increase the production safety index assessment, strict implemen le for2 因素，不直接了当的回答，而是采取婉转的方式表达自己的想法;另一种是双方对话后有第三者提出问题。这些问题一般很难从对话中直接找出答案，要看它的内涵是什么，要经过判断分析和逻辑推理后，才能做出正确的选择。这就要求在听懂对话内容的基础上，根据字里行间，上下文，语气，语境，句子结构等多种因素来判断和理解当事人的意向，态度，以及对话发生的地点，原因等。这类问题常见的提问方式有: What does the man/woman imply? What does the man/woman think about…? What are the man and woman talking about/discussing? What’s the man’s .woman’s attitude/opinion…? What do we learn from…? What can be concluded about the man/woman? What conclusion can be drawn from the conversation? For example: W: I think it’s high time we turned our attention to the danger of drunk driving now. M: I can’t agree with you. You see, countless innocent people are killed by the drunk drivers each year. Q: What does the woman mean? A: Most people killed in traffic accidents are heavy drinkers. B: She does not agree with the man.. C: Drunk drivers are not guilty. D: People should pay more attention to the danger of drunk driving. 如2005年高考题中有这样一题: M: Would you mind if I open the window? We need some fresh air. W: We also need to keep it quiet in here. Q: What does the woman mean? A. The air is fresh. B. It’s hot inside. C. The window is open. D. It’s noisy outside. 因为对话中女士说:We also need to keep it quiet in here. 女士不同意开窗。因为外面太吵，所以我们选择D项。 5. 同意重述型题 相同的意思在对话中和选项中分别用不同话语结构的句子加以表达，就是同意重述。这类题目在其内容上会包含前面提到的内容，如时间题，推理题等，但这类题目通常需要熟悉一种意思的不同表达法及其常用的各种句型。熟悉和掌握这种题即是从一个更直接的角度去解题。 比如: W: Did you see last night’s film on Channel 8? M: Well, I meant to see it, but a friend of mine came to see me. We had a nice long talk about our school days. Q: What did the man do last night? (B) A. He watched television with his friend. B. He stayed at home talking with his friend. C. He went to see s film with his friend. D. He went to see his friend. 6. 综合题型 这类考题主要有Which of the statements is true 或not true?/ What can we conclude / infer from this conversation?在做Which of the following statements is true?这类题目时往往每一个信息是一点点出来的。当第一个人讲完时，有的选项正确与否就可以判断了，等第二个人讲完时，应该能判断出这道 consolidation activities, cadres and workers 6 people were t cannot stand up bravely, face to face, resolute struggle and discredit the views of the party in 2012. The style of the bigong, il norms of leading cadres, some involving major principle problems of ambiguous attitude, major issues issues of right and wrgthen internal supervision on the way, in the perfect power control mechanism on "let things drift", get free in the politicastren st concerned, the most direct, the most realistic problem of production safety as the starting point and goal of all work, torprises and key problems, by the township government and the Department responsible for the stagnation led the lump sum, to ttyle construction requirements and style construction safety supervision system of "ten prohibitions", to solve the people moing sthe problem. A few leading cadres not strictly in accordance with the county Party committee, county government On strengthen am members do not have any illegal and other bad records, but there are still not strict, the implementation does not survivehip tegainst unwholesome tendencies existence of the problem is not strict internal supervision. Over the years, the global leaders" award and recognition system, strengthen production safety incentive mechanism (four). Adhere to the political principles ae vetoy enteackle tough. To further increase the production safety index assessment, strict implementation of safe production of "one votof safe production supervision and stagnation to cure. "The leadership responsible system. Production safety of key towns, kest pipes, pipe production and management must control safety management business must be safe" principle, the implementation try muroots. 3, strict accountability and target management. Adhere to the "who is in charge, who is responsible for the pipe indusngthening county safety production supervision ability construction work, promote safe production responsibility to the grassf streng system, promote the enterprises to implement the main responsibility for production safety. The four is the introduction osumed responsibility. The three is the establishment of enterprise production safety hidden With self correction self reportiely asistration and inspection to promote the responsibilities bear safety production supervision departments strictly and effectivment the safety production of the party with responsibility, a pair of responsibility. "Two is issued safety production admin. 4), resolutely implethe provisions of Hunan province safety production supervision and management responsibilities > (Hunan Zhengban made 2013 No3 题的答案。而做What can we conclude / infer from the conversation?的题目时，往往需要全局观念。如: W: Does Ben really want the scholarship he’s applied for? M: No one wants the scholarship more than Ben. Q: What do we learn from the conversation? A. Ben really wants the scholarship. B. No one wants the scholarship. C. Ben is not interested in the scholarship. D. Others like the scholarship more than Ben. 从对话第二句中可知其意应是 “没有人再比Ben更想要这份奖学金了。” 所以选项为A。 1(对话的解题技巧 对话的单独解题的技巧在阐述题型时，已经有了说明。那么，该如何提高准确率呢,下面将介绍一 些有效的: 1) 掌握常用词汇，平时要注重词汇的积累，并要善于抓住关键词。 2) 从语气，语调，语音等方面进行判断。 3) 学会记录重要信息，尤其是数字。 4) 学会运用猜测的方法，根据上下文猜出: 听力测试的第二部分是两篇passages。与阅读理解题不同，听力的短文是以朗读的形式出现的，它的题目也是在朗读之后出现的，因此不可能通过视觉就知道题目，这是它的特点。另外听力测试中的短文，可能是故事情节较强的，也可能是新闻广播，或电讯稿，比较灵活。它考查的题型可能有1)词义猜测:猜测的形式有根据上下文的同义词反义词来猜测或根据上下文的定语，同位语来猜测，也可能根据作者的解释，注释来猜测。2)主旨大意题:可能会围绕主题，目的，标题等方面来主旨大意。3)细节题:这类题目所占比例最大，其题干表现形式为:According to the passage, who/what/which/when/where/how often…或 According to the passage, which of the following is true/not true? According to the passage, which of the following is not mentioned? All of the following are true except________. 等。 2(短文的解题技巧 相对于对话而言，短文理解的难度要更高些。它的信息量大，题材复杂。下面将就短文的听力技巧进行阐述。 1) 阅读选择项 对待选择项应采取快速阅读的方法，应该避免逐句阅读。根据选择项的长短，选择不同的处理方法。对于短的选择项，采用扫视的方法。比如: (1)A. In Spain. B. In Italy. C. In France. D. In Sweden. (2)A. In 1784. B. In 1991. C. In 1830. D. In 1880. 这两道题一看选项就知道，第一题是问地点，第二题是问时间。在听短文时就应该特别注意与这两者相关的内容。 (1)A. Her daughter gave him an empty box. B. Her daughter forgave his overreaction. C. Her daughter looked up at him with tears in her eyes. D. Her daughter put her kisses on the box. 先从整体看，这一组选择项的前半部分都是Her daughter; 后半部分的内容有所区别，在听时，就应该把注意力集中在Her daughter究竟在做什么上。再如: (2)A. The small bowl was put above the large bowl. four)tation of safe production of "one vote veto" award and recognition system, strengthen production safety incentive mechanism (the stagnation led the lump sum, to tackle tough. To further increase the production safety index assessment, strict implemen le forem. Production safety of key towns, key enterprises and key problems, by the township government and the Department responsibe safe" principle, the implementation of safe production supervision and stagnation to cure. "The leadership responsible systust bwho is responsible for the pipe industry must pipes, pipe production and management must control safety management business m production responsibility to the grassroots. 3, strict accountability and target management. Adhere to the "who is in charge,safe safety. The four is the introduction of strengthening county safety production supervision ability construction work, promotedden With self correction self reporting system, promote the enterprises to implement the main responsibility for production ety hision departments strictly and effectively assumed responsibility. The three is the establishment of enterprise production saf"Two is issued safety production administration and inspection to promote the responsibilities bear safety production supervi. 4), resolutely implement the safety production of the party with responsibility, a pair of responsibility. the provisions of Hunan province safety production supervision and management responsibilities > (Hunan Zhengban made 2013 Nohe party in 2012. The style of the big consolidation activities, cadres and workers 6 people weres of te, major issues issues of right and wrong, it cannot stand up bravely, face to face, resolute struggle and discredit the viewhings drift", get free in the political norms of leading cadres, some involving major principle problems of ambiguous attitudlet tarting point and goal of all work, to strengthen internal supervision on the way, in the perfect power control mechanism on "prohibitions", to solve the people most concerned, the most direct, the most realistic problem of production safety as the st f "tenmittee, county government On strengthening style construction requirements and style construction safety supervision system ot, the implementation does not survive the problem. A few leading cadres not strictly in accordance with the county Party comstric on. Over the years, the global leadership team members do not have any illegal and other bad records, but there are still not. Adhere to the political principles against unwholesome tendencies existence of the problem is not strict internal supervisi4 B. The large bowl was put above the small bowl. C. The small bowl was put inside the large bowl. D. The large bowl consisted of two equal parts. 2) 预测问题的类型和内容 如前文所述，听力的短文是以朗读形式出现的，它的题目也是在短文朗读之后出现的。因此，选择 项的结构和内容往往暗示问题的类型和大致内容。:比如前面的问题: (1)A. In Spain. B. In Italy. C. In France. D. In Sweden. (2)A. In 1784. B. In 1991. C. In 1830. D. In 1880. 可以肯定第一题是问地点where,第二题是问时间when。因此在听的时候，对问题已有了肯定的预测。 下面是归纳出相应的例子: 选择项的语言结构 问题类型 名词(词组)，动名词(词组) What…? (做什么，是什么) 名词(词组)，形容词+动名词(词组) What…? (要什么，谈论什么) 形容词，过去分词，现在分词(词组) What…?或How…? (认为，感觉如何) 选择项的语言结构 问题类型 that从句 What…? (说了什么，决定了什么， 记 起来什么) 人名或职业名 Who…? 以不定式或because, so that 等引起的词组或从句 Why…? 时间介词(at, in, on, by) + 钟点，星期，日期等 When…? 数词+时间单位词(分钟，小时，年，月，日等) How long…? 地点介词(in, on, at…) + 名词 Where…? 数词+量词(pair, ton, dozen等)或$/,/&+数词 How many…? How much…? 方式，方法介词(by, through, with) +名词(词组)，How…? 动词(词组) 以上的11项内容归结起来也可以分为两大部分: (1) 对具体事实的判断。 Who did…? When (Where, What, Why or How) did …? What is…? What are the causes of the accident? Which of the following is true/not true? Which of the following is mentioned/ not mentioned? (2) 对主要内容及对作者观点与态度的判断。 What is the main idea of the passage? What is the title of the lecture? What is passage mainly about? Which best expresses the main idea? What does the passage tell us? What can learn from the passage? What is the subject? consolidation activities, cadres and workers 6 people werest concerned, the most direct, the most realistic problem of production safety as the starting point and goal of all work, to t cannot stand up bravely, face to face, resolute struggle and discredit the views of the party in 2012. The style of the bigong, il norms of leading cadres, some involving major principle problems of ambiguous attitude, major issues issues of right and wrgthen internal supervision on the way, in the perfect power control mechanism on "let things drift", get free in the politicastren tyle construction requirements and style construction safety supervision system of "ten prohibitions", to solve the people moing sthe problem. A few leading cadres not strictly in accordance with the county Party committee, county government On strengthen am members do not have any illegal and other bad records, but there are still not strict, the implementation does not survivehip tegainst unwholesome tendencies existence of the problem is not strict internal supervision. Over the years, the global leaders" award and recognition system, strengthen production safety incentive mechanism (four). Adhere to the political principles ae vetoackle tough. To further increase the production safety index assessment, strict implementation of safe production of "one votrprises and key problems, by the township government and the Department responsible for the stagnation led the lump sum, to ty enteof safe production supervision and stagnation to cure. "The leadership responsible system. Production safety of key towns, kest pipes, pipe production and management must control safety management business must be safe" principle, the implementation try muroots. 3, strict accountability and target management. Adhere to the "who is in charge, who is responsible for the pipe indusngthening county safety production supervision ability construction work, promote safe production responsibility to the grassf streng system, promote the enterprises to implement the main responsibility for production safety. The four is the introduction osumed responsibility. The three is the establishment of enterprise production safety hidden With self correction self reportiely asistration and inspection to promote the responsibilities bear safety production supervision departments strictly and effectivment the safety production of the party with responsibility, a pair of responsibility. "Two is issued safety production admin. 4), resolutely implethe provisions of Hunan province safety production supervision and management responsibilities > (Hunan Zhengban made 2013 No5 What is the attitude of the speaker? What does the speaker mean? What is the speaker’s opinion? According to the speaker, what is the solution to the problem discussed in the passage? For example: Last month we bought our two-year-old daughter a little dog. There are not many children of her age where we live. And we thought a dog would make her less lonely. We were right. They play together all day. Our daughter now smiles and laughs a lot more than she used to. In a way it is like to have two children in the house. Both of them are untidy and they cry when they do not get what they want. The dog is easier to look after than my daughter is—He always eats up all his food and we don’t have piles of dirty clothes to wash.. My wife is also very happy because I have given up smoking. The dog doesn’t like the smell. Questions: 1.Why did the speaker buy a dog? A. He wanted the dog to keep his company. B: In order to make his daughter less lonely. C: He likes dogs very much. D: He wanted the dog to protect him and his house. 2. What does the dog not do? A: He is happy to be with the man’s daughter. B: He cries if he is not satisfied C: He keeps the house tidy. D: He always eats up all his food. 3. Why has the speaker given up smoking? A. His wife asked him to do so. B. He is not in good health. C. The dog doesn’t like the smell. D. He wants to save money. Keys: BCC 3) 注意理解全文主题和大意 4) 对细节作记录 遇到Where…? When…? Who…? How long…? How much…? How many…? 这类问题，主要是细节，涉及到数字，人名，地名，时间，年，月，日时要做必要的记录，以便在答题时帮助回忆听过的内容。 5) 记关键词以确定主旨 英语单词分为实词和虚词。实词指的是动词，名词，代词，形容词，副词和数词。实词一般在句子中是强调词，语调较强，语速较慢，较容易听清。抓住这些关键词，对听懂短文是至关重要的。 6)注意关联词，把握文章线索 短文常使用一些关联词使其成为一个有机的整体。这些关联词广而言之包括替代词，重复率高的词及表示句子关系的词。 其中，连接词有:and, also, still, both, however, moreover, in addition, furthermore, for example, in spite of, because, therefore, first, second, last, before, after, next, then等等。它们将短文连在一起，表示上下文之间的关系，有的表示并列，有的表示递进，有的表示转折。这些连接词看似微不足道，实际上在短文的理解过程中起到举足轻重的作用。注意这些连接词，能有效地顺着作者的思路，迅速把握全文，对短文有比较完整的理解。再关注选择项，听起来则更有针对性。否则，容易误解或不了解作者的真正意图。 7)充分运用推断和猜测能力 arting point and goal of all work, to strengthen internal supervision on the way, in the perfect power control mechanism on "prohibitions", to solve the people most concerned, the most direct, the most realistic problem of production safety as the st f "tenmittee, county government On strengthening style construction requirements and style construction safety supervision system ot, the implementation does not survive the problem. A few leading cadres not strictly in accordance with the county Party comstric on. Over the years, the global leadership team members do not have any illegal and other bad records, but there are still not. Adhere to the political principles against unwholesome tendencies existence of the problem is not strict internal supervisifour)tation of safe production of "one vote veto" award and recognition system, strengthen production safety incentive mechanism (the stagnation led the lump sum, to tackle tough. To further increase the production safety index assessment, strict implemen le forem. Production safety of key towns, key enterprises and key problems, by the township government and the Department responsibe safe" principle, the implementation of safe production supervision and stagnation to cure. "The leadership responsible systust bwho is responsible for the pipe industry must pipes, pipe production and management must control safety management business m production responsibility to the grassroots. 3, strict accountability and target management. Adhere to the "who is in charge,safe safety. The four is the introduction of strengthening county safety production supervision ability construction work, promotedden With self correction self reporting system, promote the enterprises to implement the main responsibility for production ety hision departments strictly and effectively assumed responsibility. The three is the establishment of enterprise production saf"Two is issued safety production administration and inspection to promote the responsibilities bear safety production supervi. 4), resolutely implement the safety production of the party with responsibility, a pair of responsibility. the provisions of Hunan province safety production supervision and management responsibilities > (Hunan Zhengban made 2013 Nohe party in 2012. The style of the big consolidation activities, cadres and workers 6 people weres of te, major issues issues of right and wrong, it cannot stand up bravely, face to face, resolute struggle and discredit the viewhings drift", get free in the political norms of leading cadres, some involving major principle problems of ambiguous attitudlet t6 For example: Last night a disastrous fire swept through the Paxton warehouse at sixth Avenue and Main Street destroying one large warehouse building. The fire inspector thought that the blaze was due to faulty electrical connection .Firemen battled the flames for two hours before getting them under control. One fireman was overcome by fumes and several bystanders were slightly injured. According to the owner of the warehouse, damage, if estimated, to turn into five figures or more. Questions: 1. What building was destroyed? A. A big warehouse B. A hotel C. A large office building D. Six apartment buildings. 2. How was the fire caused? A. It was caused by the mishandling of some cigarette ends by the owner of the warehouse. B. It was caused by a faulty electrical connection. C. It was caused by some boys playing with fire. D. The reason is unknown. 3. What was the estimated damage? A. About 500 dollars B. Less than 500 dollars C. Around a million dollars D. More than 10000 dollars. Keys: ABD 三(Longer conversation 请听下面一篇长对话: M: Can you tell me something about your education? W: Yes. I’m a graduate of Beijing University. I majored in business. M: Did you like your business courses? W: Very much, and I’ve done well in all of them. Here are the results of my examinations. M: Hm… you were indeed hard-working. What about your spoken English? W: When I was at college, I spent much time in listening to BBC or VOA. Besides, I often took part in the English corner. M: Hm… We have a post you’re fit for. We give the employees a salary of 480 dollars a month at the beginning. If you do a good job, you will get a rise in three month. W: That’s great. How long should I work every day? M: Four hours every day and two days off in a week. W: Do you offer housing to your employees? M: Not now. My assistant will tell you more if you are interested. W: OK. When shall I begin my work? M: Next week. 按要求填写下列空格 The school the girl graduated from Beijing (17)_______________. Her major (18)____________________. Salary at the beginning (19)________________ dollars a month. Working time Four hours every day and (20)___________ days a week.. Complete the form. Write ONLY ONE WORD for each blank. 请听下列长对话。 W: Do you like pop music, Carl? consolidation activities, cadres and workers 6 people weretyle construction requirements and style construction safety supervision system of "ten prohibitions", to solve the people mo t cannot stand up bravely, face to face, resolute struggle and discredit the views of the party in 2012. The style of the bigong, il norms of leading cadres, some involving major principle problems of ambiguous attitude, major issues issues of right and wrgthen internal supervision on the way, in the perfect power control mechanism on "let things drift", get free in the politicastren st concerned, the most direct, the most realistic problem of production safety as the starting point and goal of all work, toing sthe problem. A few leading cadres not strictly in accordance with the county Party committee, county government On strengthen am members do not have any illegal and other bad records, but there are still not strict, the implementation does not survivehip tegainst unwholesome tendencies existence of the problem is not strict internal supervision. Over the years, the global leaders" award and recognition system, strengthen production safety incentive mechanism (four). Adhere to the political principles ae vetoackle tough. To further increase the production safety index assessment, strict implementation of safe production of "one votrprises and key problems, by the township government and the Department responsible for the stagnation led the lump sum, to ty enteof safe production supervision and stagnation to cure. "The leadership responsible system. Production safety of key towns, kest pipes, pipe production and management must control safety management business must be safe" principle, the implementation try muroots. 3, strict accountability and target management. Adhere to the "who is in charge, who is responsible for the pipe indusngthening county safety production supervision ability construction work, promote safe production responsibility to the grassf streng system, promote the enterprises to implement the main responsibility for production safety. The four is the introduction osumed responsibility. The three is the establishment of enterprise production safety hidden With self correction self reportiely asistration and inspection to promote the responsibilities bear safety production supervision departments strictly and effectivment the safety production of the party with responsibility, a pair of responsibility. "Two is issued safety production admin. 4), resolutely implethe provisions of Hunan province safety production supervision and management responsibilities > (Hunan Zhengban made 2013 No7 M: Yes, when I’m willing to. Have you got a large collection, W: No, not very many. We’ve only ever played them at parties. We’re jazz fans really. There’s a lot of good jazz on the radio at the moment. Do you listen to any of them? M: Sometimes, when I’m not working. W: What are you studying here, anyway, Carl? M: I’m doing a year at the Slade, and I’m also trying to learn some English. W: I don’t know about the Slade, but your English us excellent. You must have been very well taught. M: You’re joking. W: No, I’m not, honestly. There isn’t much we can teach you. I suppose you intend to visit lots of art museums in London. M: Yes. I hope so. The Tate, the National Exhibition, the British Museum and as many others as I can go to. W: Well, since you are an art student, you won’t have to pay for the entrance ticket like the rest of us. M: I don’t think any of us paid. W: They didn’t use to, but the Government has decided recently that we have to pay for our art. Personally, I think it’ll cost them more to collect the money than they’ll get back in return. But still, children will get in free as before and the money is supposed to be used to buy new pictures, isn’t it? M: Yes, I think so. What the girl loves Music. She is a (21) ____________ although she also like pop music. What places the man hopes to visit The Tate, (22) ______________, the British Museum and as many others he can go to. The Government’s (23)_______________ People have to pay for their art now. The (24)_______________ ticket for the art Still free to children. 对这种长对话的解题，要注意以下几点: 1(注意听懂首句或尾句。首句是对话的内容所在，是我们理解的线索。 如:Jill! Could I have a word with you while you are having your coffee? 此句表明想与对方找个地方谈话。 Hi, Cathy. Welcome back. How was your trip to Brazil? 这句话前面是打招呼，接下来 谈的是询问对方trip to Brazil的有关情况。 2(猜测关键字意 对于未听懂而又必须理解的关键词，要在听完全部对话之后，再根据上下文猜测词义，切忌在某一个未 听懂的词上纠缠不清，结果影响了对下文的理解，造成对全部下文的失控。 3(高度集中注意力 长对话的测试要求是边听边记，所以要手脑并用，不能稍有疏忽。光听不记，就无法留下痕迹，想记不 听，结果也是达不到目的的。 4(注意重点语气 5(注意委婉语气。因为这种委婉表达需要我们理解其潜台词。 6(注意暗示词语。 三(常见的句型与句法 在需要对所听的内容作出快速反应的时候，熟悉常用的句型会有很大的帮助。在平时应注意积累，一听 到类似的句型和句法，就能判断出说话者的意图和内容，非常迅速地作出正确的判断。 1(表示比较 比较是对两种或两种以上的事物进行对比与辨别。 句子中常常会出现以下单词或词语，提示内容是涉及比较的:likewise, similarly, in comparison, prefer to, four)tation of safe production of "one vote veto" award and recognition system, strengthen production safety incentive mechanism (the stagnation led the lump sum, to tackle tough. To further increase the production safety index assessment, strict implemen le forem. Production safety of key towns, key enterprises and key problems, by the township government and the Department responsibe safe" principle, the implementation of safe production supervision and stagnation to cure. "The leadership responsible systust bwho is responsible for the pipe industry must pipes, pipe production and management must control safety management business m production responsibility to the grassroots. 3, strict accountability and target management. Adhere to the "who is in charge,safe safety. The four is the introduction of strengthening county safety production supervision ability construction work, promotedden With self correction self reporting system, promote the enterprises to implement the main responsibility for production ety hision departments strictly and effectively assumed responsibility. The three is the establishment of enterprise production saf"Two is issued safety production administration and inspection to promote the responsibilities bear safety production supervi. 4), resolutely implement the safety production of the party with responsibility, a pair of responsibility. the provisions of Hunan province safety production supervision and management responsibilities > (Hunan Zhengban made 2013 Nohe party in 2012. The style of the big consolidation activities, cadres and workers 6 people weres of te, major issues issues of right and wrong, it cannot stand up bravely, face to face, resolute struggle and discredit the viewhings drift", get free in the political norms of leading cadres, some involving major principle problems of ambiguous attitudlet tarting point and goal of all work, to strengthen internal supervision on the way, in the perfect power control mechanism on "prohibitions", to solve the people most concerned, the most direct, the most realistic problem of production safety as the st f "tenmittee, county government On strengthening style construction requirements and style construction safety supervision system ot, the implementation does not survive the problem. A few leading cadres not strictly in accordance with the county Party comstric on. Over the years, the global leadership team members do not have any illegal and other bad records, but there are still not. Adhere to the political principles against unwholesome tendencies existence of the problem is not strict internal supervisi8 superior to, senior to, previous to, would rather, instead of, than, as, more, less等。 在这类题目中，常见的句式有: 1)不等比较:adj.(adv.)比较级+than…，例如: more beautiful than 2)相等比较:as++adj.(adv.)+as…, 例如: as fat as a dumping 3)比较级用来表示最高级的含义: adj.(adv.)比较级+than any other…, 例如: better than any other student 否定词+adj.(adv.)比较级+than…, 例如: Nothing is better than friendship in the world. 此时否定词(nothing) 与比较级(better) 连用表示最高级，而不表示否定。本句的实际含义是: Friendship is the best thing in the world. 4) 倍数比较:这种句式表示某物比另一物多几倍。 … times + as +adj.(adv.) + as…, 例如: The road is twice as long as that path. … times + that (those) of …, 例如: The price of the coat of today is half as much as that of last week. … times + as + n. +as … 例如: We have sold twice as many as books as they did yesterday. 5) 两个特殊句型: (1)not so(as) …as …, 例如: Not as many people came to the party as we had expected. (2)the +比较级+…, the +比较级+…(越……, 越……), 例如: The busier I am, the happier I will be. 2. 表示因果关系 句子中常常会出现以下单词或短语，提示所听的内容是涉及因果关系的: (1)用连词:therefore, thus, accordingly, then, because, for, since, as, so, now that, so…that…, such… that…等。 (2)用介词，介词短语词组等:because of, thanks to, due to, for, as a result of, owing to, on account of, that’s why…, that’s the reason why…等。 (3)用动词，动词词组:cause, result in, result from, bring to…, make, produce, arise等。 (4)用不定式及上下文的委婉意思。例如:I’m sorry to have kept you waiting. 3. 表达转折关系 (1)句子中常常会出现以下单词或短语，提示所听的内容是涉及转折关系的: However, unlike, whereas, on the other hand 等。 (2)常见句式: I’d like to…, but…; It’s a good idea, but…等。 4. 表示建议，意见，请求，行动和计划 1) 以下句型用来提出建议和意见: A. It might be a good idea to wait and see what the weather is like. B. What do you think of seeing the film tomorrow? C. Would you like to go on a river-trip up the Thames? D. Shall we have lunch at the “ Good Fortune” restaurant? consolidation activities, cadres and workers 6 people were t cannot stand up bravely, face to face, resolute struggle and discredit the views of the party in 2012. The style of the bigong, il norms of leading cadres, some involving major principle problems of ambiguous attitude, major issues issues of right and wrgthen internal supervision on the way, in the perfect power control mechanism on "let things drift", get free in the politicastrenst concerned, the most direct, the most realistic problem of production safety as the starting point and goal of all work, totyle construction requirements and style construction safety supervision system of "ten prohibitions", to solve the people moing sthe problem. A few leading cadres not strictly in accordance with the county Party committee, county government On strengthen am members do not have any illegal and other bad records, but there are still not strict, the implementation does not survivehip tegainst unwholesome tendencies existence of the problem is not strict internal supervision. Over the years, the global leaders" award and recognition system, strengthen production safety incentive mechanism (four). Adhere to the political principles ae vetoackle tough. To further increase the production safety index assessment, strict implementation of safe production of "one votrprises and key problems, by the township government and the Department responsible for the stagnation led the lump sum, to ty enteof safe production supervision and stagnation to cure. "The leadership responsible system. Production safety of key towns, kest pipes, pipe production and management must control safety management business must be safe" principle, the implementation try muroots. 3, strict accountability and target management. Adhere to the "who is in charge, who is responsible for the pipe indusngthening county safety production supervision ability construction work, promote safe production responsibility to the grassf streng system, promote the enterprises to implement the main responsibility for production safety. The four is the introduction osumed responsibility. The three is the establishment of enterprise production safety hidden With self correction self reportiely asistration and inspection to promote the responsibilities bear safety production supervision departments strictly and effectivment the safety production of the party with responsibility, a pair of responsibility. "Two is issued safety production admin. 4), resolutely implethe provisions of Hunan province safety production supervision and management responsibilities > (Hunan Zhengban made 2013 No9 E. How/What about having some wine with our supper? F. Let’s have a dinner party. G. Why not throw all these old newspapers away? H. Why don’t you/we read it aloud? I. We’d better let our friends know we’re coming. J. We might as well sit down while we’re waiting. 2) 以下句型用来表示请求 A. Would you show me those pictures please? B. Would you mind telling me how to use the dictionary? C. May I have my key, please? D. Won’t you have another cup of coffee? E. Would you like to have more chicken? F. Why don’t you come nearer the fire? G. Could you tell me the time, please? H. Will you tell me the truth? I. Can I have a look at it? J. I’d like you to sing a song for us. K. I wonder if you could do me a favour. L. I hope you won’t mind. M. I want you to be careful next time. 3) 以下句型用来表示行动，计划: have/make/let sb do sth; get sb to do sth; have/make sth done 让某人做某事 5. 表示赞成与反对 1)表述的不同: (1)一人用肯定的方式表达，另一人表示赞同，常用到: yes, sure, of course, thanks, right, that’s a good idea, please do, out of question, no problem, by all means等。 (2)若表示不赞同，不完全赞同或反对，则常用到: no, not really, not likely, sorry, I’m not sure, please don’t, I am afraid not, not at all, no way, out of the question 等。 (3)若一人用否定表述，另一人若表示赞同，常用到: no, of course not, you don’t 等。 (4)若一人用否定表述，另一人若表示反对，常用到: yes, of course, you do等。 2)一些短语，句型等可以含蓄地表达否定的意义，这类词有: (1)否定副词: never, scarcely, seldom, rarely, hardly, barely (2)否定形容词 Unable, impossible, incapable, unnecessary, unbelievable, little (3)否定意义代词 no one, nobody, none, nothing, neither, nor (4)含否定意义的词或词组: dislike, ignore, fail, refuse, hate, stop…from, miss, deny, overlook, keep…from, far from, anything but, without, instead of, out of, short of, too…to…, rather than, prefer…to, beyond 3) 注意: four)tation of safe production of "one vote veto" award and recognition system, strengthen production safety incentive mechanism (the stagnation led the lump sum, to tackle tough. To further increase the production safety index assessment, strict implemen le forem. Production safety of key towns, key enterprises and key problems, by the township government and the Department responsibe safe" principle, the implementation of safe production supervision and stagnation to cure. "The leadership responsible systust bwho is responsible for the pipe industry must pipes, pipe production and management must control safety management business m production responsibility to the grassroots. 3, strict accountability and target management. Adhere to the "who is in charge,safe safety. The four is the introduction of strengthening county safety production supervision ability construction work, promotedden With self correction self reporting system, promote the enterprises to implement the main responsibility for production ety hision departments strictly and effectively assumed responsibility. The three is the establishment of enterprise production saf"Two is issued safety production administration and inspection to promote the responsibilities bear safety production supervi. 4), resolutely implement the safety production of the party with responsibility, a pair of responsibility. the provisions of Hunan province safety production supervision and management responsibilities > (Hunan Zhengban made 2013 Nohe party in 2012. The style of the big consolidation activities, cadres and workers 6 people weres of te, major issues issues of right and wrong, it cannot stand up bravely, face to face, resolute struggle and discredit the viewhings drift", get free in the political norms of leading cadres, some involving major principle problems of ambiguous attitudlet tarting point and goal of all work, to strengthen internal supervision on the way, in the perfect power control mechanism on "prohibitions", to solve the people most concerned, the most direct, the most realistic problem of production safety as the st f "tenmittee, county government On strengthening style construction requirements and style construction safety supervision system ot, the implementation does not survive the problem. A few leading cadres not strictly in accordance with the county Party comstric on. Over the years, the global leadership team members do not have any illegal and other bad records, but there are still not. Adhere to the political principles against unwholesome tendencies existence of the problem is not strict internal supervisi10 (1)双重否定表示肯定意义，如not impossible, not nature, can’t agree more, not unusual, not a single…, absent, no one…not等。 (2)当all, every, many, always等与not同时出现在一句话中时，构成部分否定(或部分肯定)，意思是“并非全部，并不是每个”等。 6. 条件关系和其他连词 有if:引导的句子: 1)真实条件状语从句(除了if以外，有时还可用before, unless, when, as soon as 引导)若结果是毫无疑问一定会发生的，主句与从句均用一般现在时。例如: If you heat water, it boils. 除此以外，我们还应掌握一些其他的连词: firstly, at first, later, finally, at last, lately, since then, meanwhile, lastly in fact, particularly, actually, undoubtedly, anyway, however, like, unlike, on the opposite, by contrast, compared with 7. 表示举例 这类句子比较多地出现在较长的对话或短文中。通常比较容易辨别，常有以下单词或词组作为提示:for example, namely, for instance等。 8. 表示总结 这类句子也比较多地出现在较长的对话或短文中。常见的提示语有:in short, on the whole, to sum up等。 四(重点和难点 1. 词汇 语言是一项交际工具。学习语言是为了运用语言这项工具进行社会中的交流。因此平时一定要注意词汇量的积累。除了教材上出现的词汇以外，还应在平时接触英语视听材料，如杂志，报纸，电影，电视等时，尝试着学习一些出现频率高的常用词，通过重复记忆，潜移默化地积累词汇。 在掌握了一定量的词汇量的基础上，对于日常的交际应该基本能掌握。但这是远远不够的。因为词汇中还有很多“陷阱”。 1)一词多义 如汉语中一样，英语中有许多单词会有不同的含义，因此， 在听到一个单词的时候，要学会根据上下文来判断多义词在句中的确切含义。例如: M: You can see the spring in the mountain when spring comes. W: Why can’t I see it in winter? M: Because it is frozen in winter. Q: What can the woman see in spring? (B) 2) 同，近义词 除了一词多义外，英语中还有许多的同，近义词。在听力练习中，往往以选项中出现与题目中关键词的近义词为考查点。同学们在听到语句时，眼中看到却是与听到的完全不同的语句于单词。例如: M: I’m fond of classical music. But I found it unlikely for me to be interested in pop songs. W: So it is with me. Q: What does the woman mean? (B) A. She prefers pop songs. B. She likes classical music better. C. She doesn’t like know anything about classical music. D. She’d rather listen to pop songs. 3)同，近音词 (1)M: Please tell me how much they weigh. consolidation activities, cadres and workers 6 people were t cannot stand up bravely, face to face, resolute struggle and discredit the views of the party in 2012. The style of the bigong, il norms of leading cadres, some involving major principle problems of ambiguous attitude, major issues issues of right and wrgthen internal supervision on the way, in the perfect power control mechanism on "let things drift", get free in the politicastren st concerned, the most direct, the most realistic problem of production safety as the starting point and goal of all work, toackle tough. To further increase the production safety index assessment, strict implementation of safe production of "one vottyle construction requirements and style construction safety supervision system of "ten prohibitions", to solve the people moing sthe problem. A few leading cadres not strictly in accordance with the county Party committee, county government On strengthen am members do not have any illegal and other bad records, but there are still not strict, the implementation does not survivehip tegainst unwholesome tendencies existence of the problem is not strict internal supervision. Over the years, the global leaders" award and recognition system, strengthen production safety incentive mechanism (four). Adhere to the political principles ae vetorprises and key problems, by the township government and the Department responsible for the stagnation led the lump sum, to ty enteof safe production supervision and stagnation to cure. "The leadership responsible system. Production safety of key towns, kest pipes, pipe production and management must control safety management business must be safe" principle, the implementation try muroots. 3, strict accountability and target management. Adhere to the "who is in charge, who is responsible for the pipe indusngthening county safety production supervision ability construction work, promote safe production responsibility to the grassf streng system, promote the enterprises to implement the main responsibility for production safety. The four is the introduction osumed responsibility. The three is the establishment of enterprise production safety hidden With self correction self reportiely asistration and inspection to promote the responsibilities bear safety production supervision departments strictly and effectivment the safety production of the party with responsibility, a pair of responsibility. "Two is issued safety production admin. 4), resolutely implethe provisions of Hunan province safety production supervision and management responsibilities > (Hunan Zhengban made 2013 No11 W: I’m sorry. I don’t know either. Q: What does the woman mean? A. She doesn’t know the way either. B. She doesn’t know their weight either. C. She has also lost her way. D. She doesn’t want to make known her weight. 在这道题目中，way和weigh的发音相同，和weight的发音相近。因此，判断的关键在于“how much”。从这个词组可以判断俩人谈论的是与道路无关的话题。所以， 必然是与weigh有关的话题。 (2)M: The medicine has cured many people. W: I’m glad we have this kind of medicine. Q: What can we know from the conversation? (A) A. The medicine is very effective. B. The medicine has killed many people. C. The medicine is dangerous. D. The medicine is used as a deadly weapon. 这里，有个有关同音词的趣事:A man once traveled on a plane and suddenly saw his old friend Jack who he long hadn’t seen sitting on a seat of the other side of the plane. So the man got very excited and waved to his friend, greeting, “Hi, Jack…” But before he could continue, he was arrested by a soldier sitting beside him. Because in English, “hijack” means take the plane by force in order to accomplish a certain purpose. (有一次，一个人在飞机上看见了机舱的另一头坐着他多年不见的好友Jack，于是他大叫:“Hi, Jack!” 但他立刻被边上的一个军人逮起来了。因为英语里，hijack是劫持飞机的意思。) f "tenmittee, county government On strengthening style construction requirements and style construction safety supervision system ot, the implementation does not survive the problem. A few leading cadres not strictly in accordance with the county Party comstric on. Over the years, the global leadership team members do not have any illegal and other bad records, but there are still not. Adhere to the political principles against unwholesome tendencies existence of the problem is not strict internal supervisifour)tation of safe production of "one vote veto" award and recognition system, strengthen production safety incentive mechanism (the stagnation led the lump sum, to tackle tough. To further increase the production safety index assessment, strict implemen le forem. Production safety of key towns, key enterprises and key problems, by the township government and the Department responsibe safe" principle, the implementation of safe production supervision and stagnation to cure. "The leadership responsible systust bwho is responsible for the pipe industry must pipes, pipe production and management must control safety management business m production responsibility to the grassroots. 3, strict accountability and target management. Adhere to the "who is in charge,safe safety. The four is the introduction of strengthening county safety production supervision ability construction work, promotedden With self correction self reporting system, promote the enterprises to implement the main responsibility for production ety hision departments strictly and effectively assumed responsibility. The three is the establishment of enterprise production saf"Two is issued safety production administration and inspection to promote the responsibilities bear safety production supervi. 4), resolutely implement the safety production of the party with responsibility, a pair of responsibility. the provisions of Hunan province safety production supervision and management responsibilities > (Hunan Zhengban made 2013 Nohe party in 2012. The style of the big consolidation activities, cadres and workers 6 people weres of te, major issues issues of right and wrong, it cannot stand up bravely, face to face, resolute struggle and discredit the viewhings drift", get free in the political norms of leading cadres, some involving major principle problems of ambiguous attitudlet tarting point and goal of all work, to strengthen internal supervision on the way, in the perfect power control mechanism on "prohibitions", to solve the people most concerned, the most direct, the most realistic problem of production safety as the st 12