PIC单片机C语言教程

2004-4-7 1 of 26 PIC C 11.1 PIC C C C PIC C C PC PC PC C C PIC C PIC Microchip PIC C PIC C Hitech CCS IAR Bytecraft Hitech PICC PIC Hitech PIC PICC-Lite PIC PIC16F84 PIC16F877 PIC16F628 Flash PICC-Lite PIC C PIC C Hitech-PICC www.htsoft.com IAR www.iar.com CCS www.ccsinfo.com/picc.shtml ByteCraft www.bytecraft.com/mpccaps.html Hitech-PICC C PIC 11.2 Hitech-PICC PICC ANSI PIC PIC PIC PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com 2004-4-7 2 of 26 PIC PICC C 4K C <10% C PIC 11.3 MPLAB-IDE PICC PICC MPLAB-IDE MPLAB-IDE ICE2000 ICD2 PICC MPLAB-IDE IDE Project Set Language Tool Locations… 11-1 HI-TECH PICC Toolsuite Executable MPLAB-IDE PICC Assembler C PICC Compiler PICC Linker PICC.EXE Location Browse… PICC PICC.EXE PICC.EXE C .c .as HI-TECH PICC 3.1.3 C C C 11-1 MPLAB-IDE PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com 2004-4-7 3 of 26 C 11-2 C I2C 11.4 PIC C PICC PIC C #include pic.h __CONFIG PICC main 11-1 C #include // #include “pc68.h” // // __CONFIG (HS & PROTECT & PWRTEN & BOREN & WDTDIS); // void SetSFR(void); void Clock(void); void KeyScan(void); void Measure(void); void LCD_Test(void); void LCD_Disp(unsigned char); // unsigned char second, minute, hour; bit flag1,flag2; // 11-2 C PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com 2004-4-7 4 of 26 void main(void) { SetSFR(); PORTC = 0x00; TMR1H += TMR1H_CONST; LED1 = LED_OFF; LCD_Test(); // while(1) { asm(“clrwdt”); // Clock(); // KeyScan(); // Measure(); // SetSFR(); // } } 11-1 C 11.5 PICC 11.5.1 PICC PICC 11-1 bit 1 0 1 char 8 PICC char unsigned char 8 short 16 unsigned short 16 int 16 unsigned int 16 long 32 unsigned long 32 float 24 double 24 32 PICC double 24 32 11-1 PICC PICC Little-endian PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com 2004-4-7 5 of 26 11.5.2 PICC 11-1 bit PICC C unsigned int data[10]; struct commInData { unsigned char inBuff[8]; unsigned char getPtr, putPtr; }; union int_Byte { unsigned char c[2]; unsigned int i; }; 11-2 C 11.5.3 PICC bank PICC bank bank bank0 unsigned char buffer[32]; bit flag1,flag2; float val[8]; bank0 bank bank bank1 unsigned char buffer[32]; // bank1 bank2 bit flag1,flag2; // bank2 bank3 float val[8]; // bank3 PIC bank 128 C bank RAM bank Error[000] : Can't find 0x12C words for psect rbss_1 in segment BANK1 0x12C 300 bank1 bank1 bank1 bank bank bank C bank bank bank bank bank PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com 2004-4-7 6 of 26 11.5.4 PICC PICC auto bank0 PIC PICC bank0 bank0 11.5.5 PICC bit PICC bank 8 PIC PICC 0x000 0 0x0000 8 flag1 0x123 0x123/8 = 0x24 0x123%8 = 3 flag1 0x24 3 flag1 0x24 0x123 PIC PICC tmp 0x20 tmp |= 0x80 => bsf 0x20,7 tmp &= 0xf7 => bcf 0x20,3 if (tmp&0xfe) => btfsc 0x20,0 C C PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com 2004-4-7 7 of 26 union { struct { unsigned b0: 1; unsigned b1: 1; unsigned b2: 1; unsigned b3: 1; unsigned b4: 1; unsigned b5: 1; unsigned : 2; // } oneBit; unsigned char allBits; } myFlag; 11-3 myFlag.oneBit.b3=1; //b3 1 myFlag.allBits=0; // 0 0 0 1 1 ANSI-C 0 11.5.6 PICC PICC IEEE-754 32 4 PICC 24 float 24 double 24 double 32 24 11.5.7 PICC C bank PICC PICC PICC PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com 2004-4-7 8 of 26 unsigned char tmpData @ 0x20; //tmpData 0x20 PICC tmpData 0x20 0x20 unsigned char tmpData @ 0x20; //tmpData 0x20 bit tmpBit0 @ tmpData*8+0; //tmpBit0 tmpData 0 bit tmpBit1 @ tmpData*8+1; //tmpBit0 tmpData 1 bit tmpBit2 @ tmpData*8+2; //tmpBit0 tmpData 2 tmpData 11.5.8 PICC extern C extern code1.c bank1 unsigned char var1, var2; // bank1 code2.c extern bank1 unsigned char var1, var2; // bank1 volatile PICC C volatile IO volatile volatile unsigned char STATUS @ 0x03; volatile bit commFlag; volatile C volatile volatile PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com 2004-4-7 9 of 26 volatile const const ROM ROM const retlw PICC const unsigned char name[]=”This is a demo”; // const RAM persistent C PICC main PICC persistent persisten persistent unsigned char hour,minute,second; // persistent persistent PIC 11.5.9 PICC PICC C PIC RAM FSR PICC PICC C RAM FSR FSR 256 bank0/1 bank2/3 512 PICC PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com 2004-4-7 10 of 26 unsigned char *ptr0; // bank0/1 bank2 unsigned char *ptr1; // bank2/3 bank3 unsigned char *ptr2; // bank2/3 bank bank0 bank1 bank2 bank3 bank bank0 bank bank unsigned char *ptr0; // bank0/1 bank2 unsigned char buff[8]; // bank2 ptr0 = buff; // bank2 bank0/1 PICC Fixup overflow in expression (...) bank void SendMessage(unsigned char *); bank0 bank1 bank2 bank3 void SendMessage_2(bank2 unsigned char *); Fixup overflow ROM ROM const unsigned char company[]=”Microchip”; // ROM const unsigned char *romPtr; // ROM romPtr company; // data = *romPtr++; // 1 *romPtr data; // C PICC PIC PICC RAM PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com 2004-4-7 11 of 26 PC persistent volatile PICC bank bank0/1 bank2/3 bank0 bank // bank0/1 bank0 unsigned char *ptr0; // bank2/3 bank0 bank2 unsigned char *ptr0; // bank2/3 bank1 bank2 unsigned char * bank1 ptr0; bank bank bank volatile persistent const bank volatile persistent const bank // bank0/1 bank0 volatile unsigned char *ptr0; // bank2/3 bank1 bank2 unsigned char * volatile bank1 ptr0; // ROM ROM const unsigned char * const ptr0; 11.6 PICC PIC C 11.6.1 PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com 2004-4-7 12 of 26 PICC C PIC 2K C 2K 2K 11.6.2 PIC 8 7 PICC *.map call graph Call graph: *_main size 0,0 offset 0 _RightShift_C * _Task size 0,1 offset 0 lwtoft ftmul size 0,0 offset 0 ftunpack1 ftunpack2 ftadd size 0,0 offset 0 ftunpack1 ftunpack2 ftdenorm 11-4 C main C 11.6.3 PICC void Task(void); unsigned char Temperature(void); void BIN2BCD(unsigned char); void TimeDisplay(unsigned char, unsigned char); PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com 2004-4-7 13 of 26 C 11-1 11.6.4 PICC C void interrupt ISR(void); ISR void interrupt interrupt PICC 0x0004 retfie void interrupt ISR(void) // { if (T0IE && T0IF) // TMR0 { T0IF = 0; // TMR0 // TMR0 } if (TMR1IE && TMR1IF) // TMR1 { TMR1IF = 0; // TMR1 // TMR1 } } // 11-5 C PICC C PICC PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com 2004-4-7 14 of 26 PIC 11.6.5 PICC C bank0 #include #include PICC C printf/sprintf printf/sprintf C scanf printf PICC getch() putch() scanf/printf getch() putch() 11.7 PICC PICC 11.7.1 PIC PICC C __CONFIG (HS & UNPROTECT & PWRTEN & BORDIS & WDTEN); __CONFIG pic.h HEX 16F7x /* */ #define RC 0x3FFF // RC #define HS 0x3FFE // HS PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com 2004-4-7 15 of 26 #define XT 0x3FFD // XT #define LP 0x3FFC // LP /* */ #define WDTEN 0x3FFF // #define WDTDIS 0x3FFB // /* */ #define PWRTEN 0x3FF7 // #define PWRTDIS 0x3FFF // /* */ #define BOREN 0x3FFF // #define BORDIS 0x3FBF // /* */ #define UNPROTECT 0x3FFF // #define PROTECT 0x3FEF // 11-6 11.7.2 PIC __IDLOC __IDLOC (1234); 16 0x 01020304 11.8 MPLAB-IDE PICC 11.3 PICC MPLAB-IDE MPLAB MPLAB Make MPLAB Build All Project Make Build All 11.8.1 PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com 2004-4-7 16 of 26 PICC Configure Select Device MPLAB 11-1 #include pic.h MPLAB pic.h #include 11.8.2 PICC General 3.2.7 3-20 PICC MPAMS 11-3 PICC Include Path 11.8.3 PICC PICC Global C 11-4 Compile for MPLAB ICD ICD C ICD Treat ‘char’ as signed PICC ‘char’ 11-3 PICC 11-4 PICC PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com 2004-4-7 17 of 26 ‘char’ Floating point ‘double’ width PICC ‘double’ 24 float 32 11.8.4 C PICC Compiler C C C General Advanced 11-5A 11-5B C 9 20% 2K PICC volatile PICC A B 11-5 C PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com 2004-4-7 18 of 26 C Generate assembly list file C *.lst C C C Compile to assembly only C *.as C C C 11.8.5 PICC Linker PICC Linker 11-6 Generate map file *.map Display memory-segment usage // Psect Usage Map: // Psect | Contents | Memory Range ----------|------------------------------|-------------------- powerup | Power on reset code | $0000 - $0003 intentry | Interrupt service routine | $0004 - $000C intcode | Interrupt service routine | $000D - $002C intret | Interrupt service routine | $002D - $0035 init | Initialization code | $0036 - $003D end_init | Initialization code | $003E - $0040 11-6 PICC PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com 2004-4-7 19 of 26 clrtext | Memory clearing code | $0041 - $0047 const3 | Strings and constant data | $0048 - $0060 const | Strings and constant data | $0061 - $0071 const2 | Strings and constant data | $0072 - $0076 text | Program and library code | $0576 - $0582 text | Program and library code | $0583 - $07C7 float_te | Arithmetic routine code | $07C8 - $07FF rbss_0 | Bank 0 RAM variables | $0021 - $0042 temp | Temporary RAM data | $0043 - $0047 nvram | Persistent RAM data | $0048 - $004A intsave | Registers saved on interrupt | $004B - $004D intsave | Registers saved on interrupt | $007F - $007F intsave_1 | Saved copy of W in bank 1 | $00FF - $00FF rbit_0 | Bank 0 bit variables | $0100 - $0104 config | User-programmed CONFIG bits | $2007 - $2007 Memory Usage Map: // // Program ROM $0000 - $0076 $0077 ( 119) words Program ROM $0576 - $07FF $028A ( 650) words $0301 ( 769) words total Program ROM //bank0 Bank 0 RAM $0021 - $004D $002D ( 45) bytes Bank 0 RAM $007F - $007F $0001 ( 1) bytes $002E ( 46) bytes total Bank 0 RAM //bank1 Bank 1 RAM $00FF - $00FF $0001 ( 1) bytes total Bank 1 RAM //bank0 Bank 0 Bits $0100 - $0104 $0005 ( 5) bits total Bank 0 Bits // Config Data $2007 - $2007 $0001 ( 1) words total Config Data Program statistics: // Total ROM used 769 words (18.8%) // Total RAM used 48 bytes (25.0%) // 11-7 11.8.6 PICC Assembler PICC Microchip MPASM PICC *.as MPASM *.asm PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com 2004-4-7 20 of 26 PICC PIC C 11-7 Enable optimization , 11.9 C C C PIC clrwdt sleep ; C 11.9.1 C PICC asm(“clrwdt”); PIC for (;;) { asm("clrwdt"); // Task(); ClockRun(); asm("sleep"); // asm("nop"); // } 11-8 11-7 PICC PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com 2004-4-7 21 of 26 PICC #asm #endasm 0x20~0x7F RAM #asm movlw 0x20 movwf _FSR clrf _INDF incf _FSR,f btfss _FSR,7 goto $-3 #endasm 11-9 11.9.2 C C C C _ C _ 11-9 FSR INDF C C _ 11-10 volatile unsigned char tmp; // bank0 void Test(void) // { #asm // clrf _STATUS // bank0 movlw 0x10 // movwf _tmp //tmp=0x10 #endasm // if (tmp==0x10) { // C ; } } 11-10 C bank0 C PICC C bank bank 11-11 PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com 2004-4-7 22 of 26 volatile bank1 unsigned char tmpBank1; // bank1 volatile bank2 unsigned char tmpBank2; // bank2 volatile bank3 unsigned char tmpBank3; // bank3 void Test(void) // { #asm // bcf _STATUS,6 // bank1 bsf _STATUS,5 movlw 0x10 // movwf _tmpBank1^0x80 //tmpBank1=0x10 bsf _STATUS,6 // bank2 bcf _STATUS,5 movlw 0x20 // movwf _tmpBank1^0x100 //tmpBank2=0x20 bsf _STATUS,6 // bank3 bsf _STATUS,5 movlw 0x30 // movwf _tmpBank1^0x180 //tmpBank1=0x30 #endasm // } 11-11 C bank0 C bank bank bank0 0x00 PIC bank PICC bank bank 11.9.3 C PICC bank0 C 11-5(B) Compile to assembly only C PICC C 11-12 C //C void Test(unsigned char inVar1, inVar2) PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com 2004-4-7 23 of 26 { unsigned char tmp1, tmp2; inVar1++; inVar2--; tmp1 = 1; tmp2 = 2; } // _Test ; _tmp1 assigned to ?a_Test+0 //tmp1 ?a_Test+0 _Test$tmp1 set ?a_Test ; _tmp2 assigned to ?a_Test+1 //tmp2 ?a_Test+1 _Test$tmp2 set ?a_Test+1 ; _inVar1 assigned to ?a_Test+2 //inVar1 ?a_Test+2 _Test$inVar1 set ?a_Test+2 line 44 ;_inVar1 stored from w // W bcf 3,5 bcf 3,6 movwf ?a_Test+2 ;ht16.c: 43: unsigned char tmp1, tmp2; incf ?a_Test+2 line 45 ;ht16.c: 45: inVar2--; decf ?_Test // inVar2 ?_Test line 46 ;ht16.c: 46: tmp1 = 1; clrf ?a_Test incf ?a_Test line 47 ;ht16.c: 47: tmp2 = 2; movlw 2 movwf ?a_Test+1 line 48 ;ht16.c: 48: } return 11-12 PICC PICC C 11-13 //C void Test(unsigned char inVar1, inVar2) { PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com 2004-4-7 24 of 26 unsigned char tmp1, tmp2; #asm // incf ?a_Test+0,f //tmp1++; decf ?a_Test+1,f //tmp2--; movlw 0x10 addwf ?a_Test+2,f //inVar1 += 0x10; rrf ?_Test,w //inVar2 rrf ?_Test,f #endasm // } 11-13 PICC PICC Little endian 11-14 C C //16 unsigned int RR_Shift16(unsigned int var, unsigned char count) { while(count--) // { #asm // rrf ?_RR_Shift16+0,w // C rrf ?_RR_Shift16+1,f //var 1 C rrf ?_RR_Shift16+0,f //var 1 #endasm // } return(var); // } 11-14 11.9.4 C C C PICC C PICC PICC PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com 2004-4-7 25 of 26 C C C 11-14 C PIC count C C *.as PICC C PICC Hitech PICC C C C C 11-15 bit EvenParity(unsigned char data) { #asm swapf ?a_EvenParity+0,w // data ?a_EvenParity+0 xorwf ?a_EvenParity+0,f rrf ?a_EvenParity+0,w xorwf ?a_EvenParity+0,f btfsc ?a_EvenParity+0,2 incf ?a_EvenParity+0,f #endasm // data if (data&0x01) return(1); else return(0); } 11-15 C C PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com 2004-4-7 26 of 26 C PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com