人体需要的主要营养物质

人体需要的主要营养物质 教学目标 1、探究食物中含有蛋白质、淀粉、脂肪。 2、举例说明人体需要的主要营养物质。 教学重难点:探究食物中的主要营养物质。 教学过程 导言:人类的生存离不开食物，人类的各种食物均直接或间接来自环境中的动物、植物和微生物。 新课:一、食物中的营养成分。 人必须摄入一定量的食物，才能维持生命，才能进行各项生命活动，食物含有保证人体正常生活生长发育和完成各项生命活动需要的各种营养成分。 探究: 常见食物的营养成份 目的:说出盒装食物的营养成份和生产原料。 推荐器材:记录本、调查表、钢笔等。 指导:1、每个学生针对自己经常食用的5种食物，提出有关营养成份的问题，并作出相关的假设。 2、调查表。 3、独立完成对5种盒装食物营养成分调查。 教师建议:选择学校或家长附近的超市或食品商店阅读5种食物包装盒或包装袋，记录主要营养成分，生产原料等信息。 教师讲述:食物多种多样，生产原料一般是动物、植物和微生物，一般都含有蛋白质、糖类、脂肪及维生素、无机盐、水和纤维素。 蛋白质、糖类、脂肪它们既是人体的组成物质又是人体的供能物质。 实验:食物中含有蛋白质、淀粉、脂肪 目的:举例说明食物中含有质白质、淀粉、脂肪。 器材:面粉、花生、小麦种子、烧杯、试管、滴管、碘液、白纸、匙子、纱布、单面刀片、镊子、清水等。 教师指导:1、2人一组，取一匙面粉，加清水和成面团，用一叠成双层的纱布包住面团，将包着的面团放入盛有清水的烧杯中，轻轻揉挤，观察清水的变化。 2、把用纱布包着的面团放在另一盛满清水的烧杯中继续揉挤，等到不再有白色物质从纱布里渗出来时，打开沙布团?黄白色的胶状物质。 3、在揉挤的过程中，从纱布向清水渗出许多白色物质，是什么,是否是淀粉,如何验证。 fertility better. Site preparation before planting, clearing rubble, if conditions for soil disinfection can be carried out. Thickness of planting soil: Arbor thickness not less than 90cm, shrubs not less than 60cm, to be not less than 20cm. Poor quality of the soil, should enlarge the hole (hole) specifications, and debris picked up by clearing encountered lime slag, against the growth substances such as stone, asphalt, you should pit (hole) diameter increased 1 to twice times, harmful substances removal clean and put on suitable planting soil. F, green natural trees found in the planting hole dug seriously affect the operation of the underground obstacle, get in touch with designers, the appropriate changes. ?, seedling quality of trees dug a well ... C, trees have been delivered to the site in a given place, to turn the roots covered with straw to prevent water loss. ? trees planted seedlings before planting quality requirements: should be checked according to the design drawings and seedling varieties, specifications and plant location. Principles of plant "outside the high to low, the first after the first" grown order "big tree---small tree---shrub-plants" before the tree into planting holes, you should check the planting hole size and depth, while root system requirements are not met, trimming plants dibble. A, seedling rate should be commensurate with the speed of planted seedlings, planted along, kind of finish, minimizing root exposure. On planting trench, remaining seedling exposed roots should be kept buried with soil. B, depending on the specific seedlings, good seedlings and planting depth should be identified, roots with soil plug solid rear mud balls can be under the 4、取烘干的花生、小麦，用单面刀片纵向切开，分别将种子的切面向着白纸，用大拇指挤住移开种子，观察白纸上出现的现象。 学生讨论:不同的食物中含有的蛋白质、淀粉、脂肪一样多吗, 教师讲述:蛋白质:是细胞的重要组成成分，每天要摄取足量多的蛋白质，人体才能维持正常的生长发育，组织更新的生命活动。 瘦肉、鱼、蛋、豆、奶、含大量的蛋白质。 糖:是细胞的主要成分，是主要的供能物质。 含糖植物:小麦、水稻、玉米、高梁，甘薯，马铃薯、藕、甘蔗、甜菜。 脂肪:能够为生命活动提供能量，可贮存猪肉、羊肉、蛋、大豆和花生。 小结: 本课重点学习:通过调查盒装或袋装食物营养成分、理解蛋白质、淀粉、脂肪是人类三大营养物质。 9.2 人体需要的主要营养物质 第1课时 一、学习目标 1(了解食物中的营养物质和各种营养物质对人体的作用。 2(举例说明人体需要的主要营养物质。 二、学习过程 情景引入:人必须摄入一定量的食物，才能维持生命，并进行各项生命活动。食物中含有保证人体正常生长发育的生命活动所需要的各种营养成分 (一)自学导航 阅读教材内容，回答下列问题: 1(食物中含有的营养物质分别是: 。 2(糖类、蛋白质、脂肪对人体有什么作用呢,哪些食物中含糖类、脂肪和蛋白质比较多, 3( 是人体细胞的主要成分之一，约占体重的60?,70?。 4.水除了是人体细胞含量最多的成分外，还有哪些重要作用呢, 5.人体内的维生素: (1)维生素种类很多，你知道有哪些,请一一列举出来。 (2)你知道哪些富含维生素的食物, (3)几种无机盐的缺乏症和食物来源 fertility better. Site preparation before planting, clearing rubble, if conditions for soil disinfection can be carried out. Thickness of planting soil: Arbor thickness not less than 90cm, shrubs not less than 60cm, to be not less than 20cm. Poor quality of the soil, should enlarge the hole (hole) specifications, and debris picked up by clearing encountered lime slag, against the growth substances such as stone, asphalt, you should pit (hole) diameter increased 1 to twice times, harmful substances removal clean and put on suitable planting soil. F, green natural trees found in the planting hole dug seriously affect the operation of the underground obstacle, get in touch with designers, the appropriate changes. ?, seedling quality of trees dug a well ... C, trees have been delivered to the site in a given place, to turn the roots covered with straw to prevent water loss. ? trees planted seedlings before planting quality requirements: should be checked according to the design drawings and seedling varieties, specifications and plant location. Principles of plant "outside the high to low, the first after the first" grown order "big tree---small tree---shrub-plants" before the tree into planting holes, you should check the planting hole size and depth, while root system requirements are not met, trimming plants dibble. A, seedling rate should be commensurate with the speed of planted seedlings, planted along, kind of finish, minimizing root exposure. On planting trench, remaining seedling exposed roots should be kept buried with soil. B, depending on the specific seedlings, good seedlings and planting depth should be identified, roots with soil plug solid rear mud balls can be under the 6.几种无机盐的缺乏症和食物来源: 无机盐的种类 缺乏时的症状 食物来源 含钙的无机盐 儿童: 老年人: 含铁的无机盐 含碘的无机盐 (微量) (二)合作探究 1.回顾:骨的煅烧烧掉的是什么，剩下的是什么, 实验:验证食物中含有无机盐 讨论;种子经过燃烧后，剩下的物质是什么, 讨论:无机盐对人体有什么作用, 2.提问:有一位同学，经常出现排便困难的症状，大家觉得应多补充哪类食物呢,为什么, 纤维素除了能帮助排便外，对身体还有什么作用呢, 三、分层检测 基础题: 1.如果一个人患了夜盲症，你认为他需要的食物是( ) A.鸡肝 B.辣椒 C.鱼肉 D.牛奶 2.你认为贫血的人体内有可能缺乏的无机盐是( ) A.镁 B.锌 C.铁 D.钙 3.儿童经常食用鱼肝油和猪肝可以预防( ) A.夜盲症和脚气病 B.唇炎和佝偻病 C.佝偻病和夜盲症 D.口角炎和夜盲症 4.下列物质不属于糖类的是( ) A.葡萄糖 B.淀粉 C.木糖醇 D.麦芽糖 5.脚气病例患者应该多吃的食物是( ) A.精白面粉 B.胡萝卜 C.精白大米 D.粉 7.关于食物中的水说法不正确的是( ) A.有运输营养作用 B.是能量的来源物质 C.是人体细胞内水的来源之一 D.可以运输废物 提高题: fertility better. Site preparation before planting, clearing rubble, if conditions for soil disinfection can be carried out. Thickness of planting soil: Arbor thickness not less than 90cm, shrubs not less than 60cm, to be not less than 20cm. Poor quality of the soil, should enlarge the hole (hole) specifications, and debris picked up by clearing encountered lime slag, against the growth substances such as stone, asphalt, you should pit (hole) diameter increased 1 to twice times, harmful substances removal clean and put on suitable planting soil. F, green natural trees found in the planting hole dug seriously affect the operation of the underground obstacle, get in touch with designers, the appropriate changes. ?, seedling quality of trees dug a well ... C, trees have been delivered to the site in a given place, to turn the roots covered with straw to prevent water loss. ? trees planted seedlings before planting quality requirements: should be checked according to the design drawings and seedling varieties, specifications and plant location. Principles of plant "outside the high to low, the first after the first" grown order "big tree---small tree---shrub-plants" before the tree into planting holes, you should check the planting hole size and depth, while root system requirements are not met, trimming plants dibble. A, seedling rate should be commensurate with the speed of planted seedlings, planted along, kind of finish, minimizing root exposure. On planting trench, remaining seedling exposed roots should be kept buried with soil. B, depending on the specific seedlings, good seedlings and planting depth should be identified, roots with soil plug solid rear mud balls can be under the 1(下列营养物质中，能为人体生命活动提供能量的是( ) ?糖类 ?脂肪 ?蛋白质 ?水 ?无机盐 A(??? B(??? C(??? D(??? 2(下列哪种食物中含糖较高 ( ) A(鸡蛋 B(豆腐 C(肥肉 D(馒头 3(患佝偻病的儿童主要是由于食物中缺乏 ( ) A(含钙的无机盐 B(含磷的无机盐 C.含铁的无机盐 D(含锌的无机盐 4(人体缺乏维生素A时，易患 ( ) A(坏血病 B(夜盲症 C(脚气病 D(佝偻病 5(构成人体细胞的基本物质是( ) A.水 B.糖类 C.蛋白质 D.脂肪 6(防止夜盲症的最佳食物是 ( ) A.胡萝卜 B.动物肝脏 C.新鲜蔬菜 D.标准面粉 7(牙龈经常出血的人，体内可能缺乏的维生素是 ( ) A.维生素A B.维生素B C.维生素C D.维生素D 8(有的幼儿吃了很多钙片，但仍患佝偻病，其主要原因是缺乏( ) A.维生素B B.维生素D C.维生素A D.维生素C 综合题: 1(种子在酒精灯上燃烧后，剩下的灰白色物质是 ( ) A.淀粉 B(蛋白质 C.无机盐 D(纤维素 2(“食物中含有蛋白质、淀粉和脂肪”的实验中，纱布中黄白色的胶状物质是 ( ) A.淀粉 B(蛋白质 C(脂肪 D(维生素 3(“食物中含有蛋白质、淀粉和脂肪”的实验中，从纱布包内向清水中渗出许多白色物质，fertility better. Site preparation before planting, clearing rubble, if conditions for soil disinfection can be carried out. Thickness of planting soil: Arbor thickness not less than 90cm, shrubs not less than 60cm, to be not less than 20cm. Poor quality of the soil, should enlarge the hole (hole) specifications, and debris picked up by clearing encountered lime slag, against the growth substances such as stone, asphalt, you should pit (hole) diameter increased 1 to twice times, harmful substances removal clean and put on suitable planting soil. F, green natural trees found in the planting hole dug seriously affect the operation of the underground obstacle, get in touch with designers, the appropriate changes. ?, seedling quality of trees dug a well ... C, trees have been delivered to the site in a given place, to turn the roots covered with straw to prevent water loss. ? trees planted seedlings before planting quality requirements: should be checked according to the design drawings and seedling varieties, specifications and plant location. Principles of plant "outside the high to low, the first after the first" grown order "big tree---small tree---shrub-plants" before the tree into planting holes, you should check the planting hole size and depth, while root system requirements are not met, trimming plants dibble. A, seedling rate should be commensurate with the speed of planted seedlings, planted along, kind of finish, minimizing root exposure. On planting trench, remaining seedling exposed roots should be kept buried with soil. B, depending on the specific seedlings, good seedlings and planting depth should be identified, roots with soil plug solid rear mud balls can be under the 此物质遇碘液变为 ( ) A(黄色 B(红色 C(蓝色 D.紫色 4(“食物中含有蛋白质、淀粉和脂肪”的实验中，挤压花生种子后在白纸上留下一个印迹，这说明食物确实含有 ( ) A(蛋白质 B(淀粉 C(脂肪 D(无机盐 第9章 人的食物来自环境 第一节 人体需要的主要营养物质 教学目标: 一、知识:1、探究食物中含有蛋白质、淀粉、脂肪 2、举例说明人体需要的主要营养物质 二、能力:引导学生学会收集、整理、加工、应用信息的能力以及观察能力、语言表达能力、小组合作交流能力等 三、情感态度和价值观: 使学生形成关注、关心自身和他人健康，用科学知识指导健康生活的科学态度。 教学重点: 1、 探究食物中含有蛋白质、淀粉、脂肪 2、 举例说明人体需要的主要营养物质 教学难点:举例说明人体需要的主要营养物质 教学设计: 一、创设情境，激发兴趣，导入新课 师:展示两组图片，一组是非洲难民的孩子骨瘦如柴，无力行走的图片;另一组是一些少年儿童过度肥胖的图片。 提问:两组图片中孩子体态上的明显差异是什么原因引导的,(学生答:营养)同学们想不想给他们提供一些科学营养的建议呢,(学生答:想。) 师:要想科学营养，就离不开营养物质，而我们获得营养物质的主要途径是摄取食物，那么食物究竟为我们提供了哪些营养物质呢, 二、师生互动，解决疑难 1、学生以小组为单位，针对自己经常食用的5种食物，提出有关营养成分的问题，并作出相关的假设 2、将各小组统计结果进行交流，再统计，全班总计列出多少种食物及营养成分。 3.教师展示收集的食物种类及营养成分。 fertility better. Site preparation before planting, clearing rubble, if conditions for soil disinfection can be carried out. Thickness of planting soil: Arbor thickness not less than 90cm, shrubs not less than 60cm, to be not less than 20cm. Poor quality of the soil, should enlarge the hole (hole) specifications, and debris picked up by clearing encountered lime slag, against the growth substances such as stone, asphalt, you should pit (hole) diameter increased 1 to twice times, harmful substances removal clean and put on suitable planting soil. F, green natural trees found in the planting hole dug seriously affect the operation of the underground obstacle, get in touch with designers, the appropriate changes. ?, seedling quality of trees dug a well ... C, trees have been delivered to the site in a given place, to turn the roots covered with straw to prevent water loss. ? trees planted seedlings before planting quality requirements: should be checked according to the design drawings and seedling varieties, specifications and plant location. Principles of plant "outside the high to low, the first after the first" grown order "big tree---small tree---shrub-plants" before the tree into planting holes, you should check the planting hole size and depth, while root system requirements are not met, trimming plants dibble. A, seedling rate should be commensurate with the speed of planted seedlings, planted along, kind of finish, minimizing root exposure. On planting trench, remaining seedling exposed roots should be kept buried with soil. B, depending on the specific seedlings, good seedlings and planting depth should be identified, roots with soil plug solid rear mud balls can be under the 汇总调查资料、分析、讨论和归纳有关信息(见下表)。 编号 食物名称 主要营养成分 生产原料 产地 最终来源 1 2 3 4 5 师:食物究竟给我们提供了哪些营养成分, 学生阅读教科书内容后回答:包括水、无机盐、糖类、脂肪、蛋白质 和维生素共六大类。 师:谁能告诉我哪些营养成分属于无机物,哪些属于有机物, 生:水、无机盐属无机物，糖类、脂肪、蛋白质和维生素属于有机物。 师:三大产热营养素是哪三种营养成分, 生:糖类、脂肪和蛋白质。 三、实验:1、探究食物中含有蛋白质、淀粉和脂肪 学生4人一组进行实验，并讲述实验现象和结果 讨论:不同食物中含有的蛋白质、淀粉、脂肪一样多吗, 师:我们认识到食物中的营养物质包括有机物和无机物，这几种物质分别有什么作用,我们 主要从哪些食物中可以获得这些物质, 生:结合第21、22页教科书内容和自身生活经验，小组归纳，小组成员分工合作。 师:参与小组活动，指导学生列表归纳。 生:汇报合作成果。 师:适时对学习小组进行表扬和激励。 生:学生互评，并对学习小组的成果进行评价。 师:食物中是否含有无机盐呢,下面我们用实验来进行探究 3、 探究食物中含有无机盐 学生4人一组进行实验，并对实验现象进行记录，小组互评实验结果 学生举例说出各种无机盐的作用 4、指导学生阅读课本25页了解各种维生素的作用及缺乏会导致的疾病 四、师生共同小结 师:通过刚才的学习，谁能告诉我你有哪些收获，你对食物中的营养成分又有了哪些新 fertility better. Site preparation before planting, clearing rubble, if conditions for soil disinfection can be carried out. Thickness of planting soil: Arbor thickness not less than 90cm, shrubs not less than 60cm, to be not less than 20cm. Poor quality of the soil, should enlarge the hole (hole) specifications, and debris picked up by clearing encountered lime slag, against the growth substances such as stone, asphalt, you should pit (hole) diameter increased 1 to twice times, harmful substances removal clean and put on suitable planting soil. F, green natural trees found in the planting hole dug seriously affect the operation of the underground obstacle, get in touch with designers, the appropriate changes. ?, seedling quality of trees dug a well ... C, trees have been delivered to the site in a given place, to turn the roots covered with straw to prevent water loss. ? trees planted seedlings before planting quality requirements: should be checked according to the design drawings and seedling varieties, specifications and plant location. Principles of plant "outside the high to low, the first after the first" grown order "big tree---small tree---shrub-plants" before the tree into planting holes, you should check the planting hole size and depth, while root system requirements are not met, trimming plants dibble. A, seedling rate should be commensurate with the speed of planted seedlings, planted along, kind of finish, minimizing root exposure. On planting trench, remaining seedling exposed roots should be kept buried with soil. B, depending on the specific seedlings, good seedlings and planting depth should be identified, roots with soil plug solid rear mud balls can be under the 的认识, 生:回忆并答出营养成分的种类，主要食物来源及主要功能，并互相补充。 (师适时质疑) 五、自我评价:课本24页 1、2、3、4 思维拓展 板书设计: 第一节 人体需要的主要营养物质 人体需要的主要营养物质: 1、蛋白质 2、淀粉 人体供能物质 3、脂肪 4、水 5、无机盐 6、维生素 文章 来源莲山 课 件 w w w.5y K J.Co m 相关: 人体需要的主要营养物质 fertility better. Site preparation before planting, clearing rubble, if conditions for soil disinfection can be carried out. Thickness of planting soil: Arbor thickness not less than 90cm, shrubs not less than 60cm, to be not less than 20cm. Poor quality of the soil, should enlarge the hole (hole) specifications, and debris picked up by clearing encountered lime slag, against the growth substances such as stone, asphalt, you should pit (hole) diameter increased 1 to twice times, harmful substances removal clean and put on suitable planting soil. F, green natural trees found in the planting hole dug seriously affect the operation of the underground obstacle, get in touch with designers, the appropriate changes. ?, seedling quality of trees dug a well ... C, trees have been delivered to the site in a given place, to turn the roots covered with straw to prevent water loss. ? trees planted seedlings before planting quality requirements: should be checked according to the design drawings and seedling varieties, specifications and plant location. Principles of plant "outside the high to low, the first after the first" grown order "big tree---small tree---shrub-plants" before the tree into planting holes, you should check the planting hole size and depth, while root system requirements are not met, trimming plants dibble. A, seedling rate should be commensurate with the speed of planted seedlings, planted along, kind of finish, minimizing root exposure. On planting trench, remaining seedling exposed roots should be kept buried with soil. B, depending on the specific seedlings, good seedlings and planting depth should be identified, roots with soil plug solid rear mud balls can be under the fertility better. Site preparation before planting, clearing rubble, if conditions for soil disinfection can be carried out. Thickness of planting soil: Arbor thickness not less than 90cm, shrubs not less than 60cm, to be not less than 20cm. Poor quality of the soil, should enlarge the hole (hole) specifications, and debris picked up by clearing encountered lime slag, against the growth substances such as stone, asphalt, you should pit (hole) diameter increased 1 to twice times, harmful substances removal clean and put on suitable planting soil. F, green natural trees found in the planting hole dug seriously affect the operation of the underground obstacle, get in touch with designers, the appropriate changes. ?, seedling quality of trees dug a well ... C, trees have been delivered to the site in a given place, to turn the roots covered with straw to prevent water loss. ? trees planted seedlings before planting quality requirements: should be checked according to the design drawings and seedling varieties, specifications and plant location. Principles of plant "outside the high to low, the first after the first" grown order "big tree---small tree---shrub-plants" before the tree into planting holes, you should check the planting hole size and depth, while root system requirements are not met, trimming plants dibble. A, seedling rate should be commensurate with the speed of planted seedlings, planted along, kind of finish, minimizing root exposure. On planting trench, remaining seedling exposed roots should be kept buried with soil. B, depending on the specific seedlings, good seedlings and planting depth should be identified, roots with soil plug solid rear mud balls can be under the