骨雕工艺品制作

骨雕工艺品制作 骨雕是一门极为古老的雕刻技艺，其悠久的历史可追溯到旧石器时代。随着历史的变迁，骨雕从日用品逐渐演变为装饰品，我们现在看到的骨雕已是非常精美的工艺品，通过不同的刀法雕出栩栩如生的人物、花鸟等作品。 您看:这些《战马出征》、《吉祥大象》、《和谐》、《聚百财》、《松树蛐蛐罐》等骨雕作品，其形威武雄壮，或温厚可掬，或明朗怡人，或寓义深厚。 特别是这件《蝈蝈白菜》作品，是用牛骨为原料，运用了圆雕、浮雕、立体雕、阴刻、阳刻和拼镶等多种雕刻技艺，将白菜、蝈蝈、萝卜等充满田园情趣的精灵汇集一体，展现了一派生机盎然的田园风光:您看，这青绿相间的白菜生机勃勃，有着百事兴隆之寓义;翠绿的蝈蝈振翅挺须，似乎喝足了朝露在仰头鸣叫，寓以步步高升。整件作品从整体到细部，构思新奇，线条流畅，浑然天成。 今天我们就来做这件《蝈蝈白菜》作品。 一、选 料 用来制作骨雕作品一般选用牛大腿骨和牛蹄骨，骨壁厚度要在1厘米以上。由于大腿骨两头关节部位骨质疏松，选料时要先去掉两头较酥松部位，取中间一段约25厘米—30厘米作为骨雕原料。 二、除 脂 and due diligence evaluations article 22nd head office, branch (jurisdiction), risk management, marketing management branch within the Department's credit business person assumed responsibility for the supervision and inspection and due diligence evaluations. Article 23rd, Head Office, branches (jurisdiction), risk management, Marketing Management Department through on-site and off-site inspection, investigation report, interviews with investigators for pre-loan investigation work by way of conducting supervision and inspection, quality evaluation pre-loan investigation work, and based on the evaluation results, the implementation of diversity management. 24th the control and inspection (a) the implementation of the credit system: there is no breach of credit policy relating to the granting of credit and the head office; (B) dual credit rating: timeliness of ratings, whether the provisions of the rating, rating results are accurate; (C) the survey contents: data collection is complete, report writing is comprehensive, indicators analysis is objective, real, conclusions and the facts are consistent and reasonable; (D) double implementation of investigations system: practical implementation of double system; (E) other supervision and inspection of the contents. 25th due diligence evaluation offices and branches (jurisdiction), risk management, Marketing Management Department agreed to carry out pre-loan investigation supervision and inspection work, evaluate whether investigators due diligence to determine whether the exemption should be. Investigators should be compatible with. Due diligence assessment should be based on the fact that, following the principles of objectivity, impartiality and fairness. Article 26th head 牛骨里面含有油脂，如里不将骨头里的油脂除去，骨雕的作品容易变色，甚至会发霉变质，所以除脂这个环节很重要。 除脂可采用高温水煮的:锅里放约5公斤清水，投入选好的牛骨，加碱0.03公斤，水要没过骨头，盖好锅盖就可以开始煮了。水烧开后再煮约半小时，会看到水的表面漂浮着一层浮油，将浮油撇去，再继续水煮，直到浮油全部撇净，就可以把骨头捞出来凉干备用。 三、打 稿 俗话说“万事开头难”一件骨雕作品的优劣，开头布局很关键，按照骨头的自然形状，厚薄区域，构思出要雕刻的各物件的合理布局，就有了成功的开端。 虽说这个还是草图，但一个布局巧妙，层叠有致，虚实相生的骨雕作品大致轮廓，已展现在我们眼前。 取一根去过油脂的牛骨，量出所需要的长度，再按照白菜主架大致的形状，将骨头两端画出斜度，把骨头夹在台虎钳上，将两端多余的部分锯掉。按草图的布局，把图样画到骨头上，这样就可以开始雕刻了。 四、 雕 刻 制作任何一个骨雕作品，都要先给主架打好轮廓。 (一)做主架 1、 打轮廓 因为牛骨比较硬，为保障雕刻机的正常工作，把220伏电源接入到稳压器，调整到220伏，自己接上一个拉线开关，可方便控制雕刻and due diligence evaluations article 22nd head office, branch (jurisdiction), risk management, marketing management branch within the Department's credit business person assumed responsibility for the supervision and inspection and due diligence evaluations. Article 23rd, Head Office, branches (jurisdiction), risk management, Marketing Management Department through on-site and off-site inspection, investigation report, interviews with investigators for pre-loan investigation work by way of conducting supervision and inspection, quality evaluation pre-loan investigation work, and based on the evaluation results, the implementation of diversity management. 24th the control and inspection (a) the implementation of the credit system: there is no breach of credit policy relating to the granting of credit and the head office; (B) dual credit rating: timeliness of ratings, whether the provisions of the rating, rating results are accurate; (C) the survey contents: data collection is complete, report writing is comprehensive, indicators analysis is objective, real, conclusions and the facts are consistent and reasonable; (D) double implementation of investigations system: practical implementation of double system; (E) other supervision and inspection of the contents. 25th due diligence evaluation offices and branches (jurisdiction), risk management, Marketing Management Department agreed to carry out pre-loan investigation supervision and inspection work, evaluate whether investigators due diligence to determine whether the exemption should be. Investigators should be compatible with. Due diligence assessment should be based on the fact that, following the principles of objectivity, impartiality and fairness. Article 26th head 机的开和关。雕刻刀一般用锋钢制作，操作人员要戴好防尘眼镜，以免灰尘进入眼晴。先把刀刃打磨锋利，然后用四角刻刀把主架上的野菊花、菊花叶、白菜叶等造型的轮廓雕刻出来，这叫打轮廓。打轮廓采用深刻手法，雕刻时注意线条要圆润流畅。四角刻刀主要是用来深雕各种造型，也可以用来修边。四角刻刀有四条棱，比较尖锐，能迅速的挖去牛骨上多余的部分。因此要注意深度，不要把骨头刻穿了。 为了使白菜叶形状更加相似，要锯掉这几个角。 2、凿 活 用平头凿子去掉图案大面积空白处的多余料。因为骨头硬而脆，凿活时如不小心，会凿穿骨头，所以要很仔细，凿子要拿稳，呈45?角，锤子不要太用力，凿面要平整。 3、造 型 主架大致轮廓已经出来了，在这个基础上要进行造型。造型可采用陷地凹刻手法，将原来轮廓线向图案外面加，深凹进去。使图案层次分明，凹凸有致，呈现浮雕效果，具有很强的立体感。在骨头一端原缺口处作加深和修饰处理，使缺口更加圆滑自然。 4、光 活 换上桃形刻刀进行光活，桃形刻刀表面棱较光滑，光活时可以磨去表皮，不会破坏原来的造型。要对整个造型表面和凹线全部走一遍，使光活后整个主架顺滑，发出凝脂般光亮。 5、点 活 and due diligence evaluations article 22nd head office, branch (jurisdiction), risk management, marketing management branch within the Department's credit business person assumed responsibility for the supervision and inspection and due diligence evaluations. Article 23rd, Head Office, branches (jurisdiction), risk management, Marketing Management Department through on-site and off-site inspection, investigation report, interviews with investigators for pre-loan investigation work by way of conducting supervision and inspection, quality evaluation pre-loan investigation work, and based on the evaluation results, the implementation of diversity management. 24th the control and inspection (a) the implementation of the credit system: there is no breach of credit policy relating to the granting of credit and the head office; (B) dual credit rating: timeliness of ratings, whether the provisions of the rating, rating results are accurate; (C) the survey contents: data collection is complete, report writing is comprehensive, indicators analysis is objective, real, conclusions and the facts are consistent and reasonable; (D) double implementation of investigations system: practical implementation of double system; (E) other supervision and inspection of the contents. 25th due diligence evaluation offices and branches (jurisdiction), risk management, Marketing Management Department agreed to carry out pre-loan investigation supervision and inspection work, evaluate whether investigators due diligence to determine whether the exemption should be. Investigators should be compatible with. Due diligence assessment should be based on the fact that, following the principles of objectivity, impartiality and fairness. Article 26th head 圆头刻刀表面棱较平，可以用来雕刻较浅较宽的线条和圆点。先在白菜叶上刻出叶脉，然后再刻出叶片上的鱼鳞坑。 6、细加工 用小细三角刻刀在野菊花造型上刻出花蕊和花瓣，修整菊花叶子，沿菜根向菜叶方向刻出白菜帮子的筋脉，筋脉雕刻要顺势流畅。 为了菜叶子装配牢固，在主架上装菜叶子的部位，要挖出安装叶子的凹槽。 这样，《蝈蝈白菜》的主架就雕刻好了。您可能会说，白菜叶太少，太单调了。不要着急，下面陈师付还要做好多物件往上面按装呢。 (二)、做白菜叶 取一段长度8厘米，内径8厘米左右，壁厚不少于0.8厘米的骨头。夹在台虎钳上用钢锯将其一分为二，锯掉四个角，来做一片弯曲的白菜叶。根据草图要求，在砂轮上打磨出基本轮廓。 用四角刻刀在骨头外面或深或浅雕刻出白菜叶的筋脉和叶片的纹理。因为这个白菜叶子在拼装后，正反两面都能看得到，所以在骨头里边的一面，也要雕刻出白菜叶筋脉和叶片的纹理。叶子的边缘要刻得薄一些，还要将缺口刻得自然一些，使其更加真实。 用桃型刻刀对叶片正反两面进行光活。 用小圆头刻刀在白菜叶上刻叶脉和点鱼鳞坑，这样会使菜叶更加逼真。点刻叶子边缘时动作要轻，以免将叶子刻破。 叶子的另一面用小三角刻刀，刻出叶脉和叶片的纹理。 and due diligence evaluations article 22nd head office, branch (jurisdiction), risk management, marketing management branch within the Department's credit business person assumed responsibility for the supervision and inspection and due diligence evaluations. Article 23rd, Head Office, branches (jurisdiction), risk management, Marketing Management Department through on-site and off-site inspection, investigation report, interviews with investigators for pre-loan investigation work by way of conducting supervision and inspection, quality evaluation pre-loan investigation work, and based on the evaluation results, the implementation of diversity management. 24th the control and inspection (a) the implementation of the credit system: there is no breach of credit policy relating to the granting of credit and the head office; (B) dual credit rating: timeliness of ratings, whether the provisions of the rating, rating results are accurate; (C) the survey contents: data collection is complete, report writing is comprehensive, indicators analysis is objective, real, conclusions and the facts are consistent and reasonable; (D) double implementation of investigations system: practical implementation of double system; (E) other supervision and inspection of the contents. 25th due diligence evaluation offices and branches (jurisdiction), risk management, Marketing Management Department agreed to carry out pre-loan investigation supervision and inspection work, evaluate whether investigators due diligence to determine whether the exemption should be. Investigators should be compatible with. Due diligence assessment should be based on the fact that, following the principles of objectivity, impartiality and fairness. Article 26th head 最后，用100号砂纸将白菜叶里外两面打磨。直到用手摸上去比较光滑为止。 这样，一片白菜叶就雕刻完成了。 其余白菜叶和菜心也是用这种方法雕刻的，这里就不一一介绍了。还有一道工序是不能少的，将做好的菜叶帮子按在主架上预留的凹坑内，用钻头将菜帮和主架打穿。以便后面的装配。 (三)、做堵头 因为主架骨头中间是空心的，为了使作品更像一棵白菜，白菜根部要用堵头把其堵起来。取一段平整的骨头做堵头原料，要按主架内孔大小锯开，在砂轮上打磨成隋圆形，要注意，在打磨过程中要使露在外面的边，要比里面的边大，这样在堵主架骨头中间孔的时候，就容易盖得严丝合缝。再在外边一面用三角钻刻二三道凹痕作根径。磨光后备用。 (四)、做蝈蝈 在《蝈蝈白菜》作品上，最可爱的小精灵就是这似乎在扇动着两个翘翅，欢乐地鸣叫着的蝈蝈了。 现在，我们就来看看蝈蝈是怎样雕刻出来的吧。 截取一段长度3.5厘米、厚度1.5厘米左右的骨头作蝈蝈雕刻材料，用砂轮打磨出蝈蝈大致的外状，用铅笔在上面画好草稿，用粗四角刻刀雕刻出蝈蝈身体各部位大致轮廓。在肚子的两侧，挖出安装大腿用的凹坑。为了使蝈蝈有振翅鸣叫的效果，要镂空其翅膀下面的骨头，外面的边缘部分要象纸一样薄。 and due diligence evaluations article 22nd head office, branch (jurisdiction), risk management, marketing management branch within the Department's credit business person assumed responsibility for the supervision and inspection and due diligence evaluations. Article 23rd, Head Office, branches (jurisdiction), risk management, Marketing Management Department through on-site and off-site inspection, investigation report, interviews with investigators for pre-loan investigation work by way of conducting supervision and inspection, quality evaluation pre-loan investigation work, and based on the evaluation results, the implementation of diversity management. 24th the control and inspection (a) the implementation of the credit system: there is no breach of credit policy relating to the granting of credit and the head office; (B) dual credit rating: timeliness of ratings, whether the provisions of the rating, rating results are accurate; (C) the survey contents: data collection is complete, report writing is comprehensive, indicators analysis is objective, real, conclusions and the facts are consistent and reasonable; (D) double implementation of investigations system: practical implementation of double system; (E) other supervision and inspection of the contents. 25th due diligence evaluation offices and branches (jurisdiction), risk management, Marketing Management Department agreed to carry out pre-loan investigation supervision and inspection work, evaluate whether investigators due diligence to determine whether the exemption should be. Investigators should be compatible with. Due diligence assessment should be based on the fact that, following the principles of objectivity, impartiality and fairness. Article 26th head 用桃形刻刀对蝈蝈全身进行光活，去掉毛茬。光滑顺溜有利于下部细加工。 用小三角刻刀对蝈蝈进行细加工，刻划出蝈蝈身体各部位的线条，特别是在蝈蝈眼晴、翅膀、肚子、尾巴、等处要很仔细地雕刻，一旦刻坏，就前功尽弃了。 用牙医用的小圆头刻刀在蝈蝈的翅膀上点上若干个鱼鳞坑，使其翅膀更有薄如蝉衣的效果。这样，它的翅膀就有动感了。在小腿根部钻四个按装孔。 换上更细的小圆头刻刀，在眼睛旁边的位置钻上两个按装蝈蝈须子的小孔。 用100号砂纸打磨光滑，蝈蝈的身子就做好了。下面还要做蝈蝈腿。 找一根一面比较平的骨头锯成片状，用砂轮打磨成薄片。画上蝈蝈腿的形状，用小三角刻刀沿着轮廓线刻穿骨板，刻出蝈蝈两条大腿和四条小腿的毛胚。用桃形刻刀对蝈蝈腿进行光渭。为了让蝈蝈形态更加逼真，要用小三角刻刀在蝈蝈大腿的后侧，刻出一条凹线，再刻些小毛刺，同样再刻出小腿。最后用100号砂纸打磨光滑，这样蝈蝈腿就做好了。 六、漂 白 所有的部件雕刻好后，还要进行漂白。 在3公斤清水里，加入0.3~0.5公斤双氧水，搅拌均匀。将加工好的骨雕半成品放入盆内，这时可看到水里冒出气泡，这是双氧水跟and due diligence evaluations article 22nd head office, branch (jurisdiction), risk management, marketing management branch within the Department's credit business person assumed responsibility for the supervision and inspection and due diligence evaluations. Article 23rd, Head Office, branches (jurisdiction), risk management, Marketing Management Department through on-site and off-site inspection, investigation report, interviews with investigators for pre-loan investigation work by way of conducting supervision and inspection, quality evaluation pre-loan investigation work, and based on the evaluation results, the implementation of diversity management. 24th the control and inspection (a) the implementation of the credit system: there is no breach of credit policy relating to the granting of credit and the head office; (B) dual credit rating: timeliness of ratings, whether the provisions of the rating, rating results are accurate; (C) the survey contents: data collection is complete, report writing is comprehensive, indicators analysis is objective, real, conclusions and the facts are consistent and reasonable; (D) double implementation of investigations system: practical implementation of double system; (E) other supervision and inspection of the contents. 25th due diligence evaluation offices and branches (jurisdiction), risk management, Marketing Management Department agreed to carry out pre-loan investigation supervision and inspection work, evaluate whether investigators due diligence to determine whether the exemption should be. Investigators should be compatible with. Due diligence assessment should be based on the fact that, following the principles of objectivity, impartiality and fairness. Article 26th head 骨头表面起氧化反应，这样就能漂白骨头。浸泡12小时后，戴上橡胶手套，将骨雕半成品捞出，用清水反复清洗，洗净后凉干。 如果我们做的骨雕成品不上色，那么这些半成品凉干后，就可以进行镶拼组装了。如果要制作的骨雕成品要上色，那下一步还要进行酸咬处理。 七、酸 咬 酸咬处理时，在3公斤清水中加0.03公斤盐酸，搅拌均匀。将要上色的半成品放入盆中。 雕刻好的骨头浸泡2小时后取出。用清水反复冲洗，洗净后凉干，准备上色。 经过酸咬处理后的骨头表面，有肉眼看不见的凹凸不平的小气孔，颜料容易吃进去，也不容易退色。 八、上 色 骨雕作品上色用的透明水彩颜料，在一般的文化用品商店就可购买。 首先给菜心上色。在调色盘里倒入少量清水，加二滴柠檬黄颜料，搅拌均匀。上色要掌握的原则是:要从浅到深的往半成品上上颜色。这样可以随时观察、调整颜色，如发现颜色的深度不够。可在浅色基础上不断加深。 给菜心上色时，一端是插在白菜主架里面的，看不到。只要刷露在外面的一端就可以了，然后放一边凉干。 and due diligence evaluations article 22nd head office, branch (jurisdiction), risk management, marketing management branch within the Department's credit business person assumed responsibility for the supervision and inspection and due diligence evaluations. Article 23rd, Head Office, branches (jurisdiction), risk management, Marketing Management Department through on-site and off-site inspection, investigation report, interviews with investigators for pre-loan investigation work by way of conducting supervision and inspection, quality evaluation pre-loan investigation work, and based on the evaluation results, the implementation of diversity management. 24th the control and inspection (a) the implementation of the credit system: there is no breach of credit policy relating to the granting of credit and the head office; (B) dual credit rating: timeliness of ratings, whether the provisions of the rating, rating results are accurate; (C) the survey contents: data collection is complete, report writing is comprehensive, indicators analysis is objective, real, conclusions and the facts are consistent and reasonable; (D) double implementation of investigations system: practical implementation of double system; (E) other supervision and inspection of the contents. 25th due diligence evaluation offices and branches (jurisdiction), risk management, Marketing Management Department agreed to carry out pre-loan investigation supervision and inspection work, evaluate whether investigators due diligence to determine whether the exemption should be. Investigators should be compatible with. Due diligence assessment should be based on the fact that, following the principles of objectivity, impartiality and fairness. Article 26th head 接着给菜叶上色。在原来的黄颜料中加二滴深绿颜料，搅拌均匀。给白菜叶上色，里外两面都要刷到。给菜叶上色时，不要把颜料涂到白菜帮子上，如果白菜帮子染上颜色的话，这个白菜叶子就报费了。 再给主架菜叶上色，外面的菜叶要刷上绿色，在开口处外端2~3厘米的里面位置，也不能漏刷，否则等菜心镶拼好了以后在连接处会漏出底色。 菊花的花蕊也刷上黄色。 给外面几层老菜叶子上色，颜色要稍加深一些，这样看上去才符合其生长规律。这些白菜叶上色，里外两面都要刷到。 绿颜料继续加深，给菊花叶上色。再换用浅紫色给菊花上色，花瓣的边缘用紫色套边，使其更加娇艳动人。 然后给蝈蝈上色。先用绿颜料给蝈蝈的头、前身和六条腿上色，然后在它翅膀上刷上赭石颜色，眼晴和腿关节部位也要点上赭石颜色，在给它刷一个浅绿颜色的大肚子。画上蝈蝈的嘴和点上眼睛。 将剩余的部件都上好颜色后，在阴凉处风干。 2小时后就可以镶拼组装了。 九、镶拼组装 准备一个用木头或塑料做成的底座，要略小于骨雕主架。 在骨雕主架下方打一个孔，在底座相对位置上，也打上一个孔，取一根直径略小于圆孔的小竹签，在一端沫上白乳胶，插入底座，在1厘米处锯断。放在一旁让白乳胶凝固一会。 and due diligence evaluations article 22nd head office, branch (jurisdiction), risk management, marketing management branch within the Department's credit business person assumed responsibility for the supervision and inspection and due diligence evaluations. Article 23rd, Head Office, branches (jurisdiction), risk management, Marketing Management Department through on-site and off-site inspection, investigation report, interviews with investigators for pre-loan investigation work by way of conducting supervision and inspection, quality evaluation pre-loan investigation work, and based on the evaluation results, the implementation of diversity management. 24th the control and inspection (a) the implementation of the credit system: there is no breach of credit policy relating to the granting of credit and the head office; (B) dual credit rating: timeliness of ratings, whether the provisions of the rating, rating results are accurate; (C) the survey contents: data collection is complete, report writing is comprehensive, indicators analysis is objective, real, conclusions and the facts are consistent and reasonable; (D) double implementation of investigations system: practical implementation of double system; (E) other supervision and inspection of the contents. 25th due diligence evaluation offices and branches (jurisdiction), risk management, Marketing Management Department agreed to carry out pre-loan investigation supervision and inspection work, evaluate whether investigators due diligence to determine whether the exemption should be. Investigators should be compatible with. Due diligence assessment should be based on the fact that, following the principles of objectivity, impartiality and fairness. Article 26th head 这时在小菜心上沫上白乳胶，套入大菜心里面，再在大菜心外面沫上白乳胶，插入主架，使它与主架结合严密，行成菜叶层层叠加的效果。 然后在白菜叶有孔的部位涂上白乳胶，装在主架上，插上竹签，竹签在1厘米处锯断，再沫上白乳胶，在露出的竹签上插上红辣椒。这叫盖帽。 其余的白菜叶、白菜根、大红萝、菊花叶也用相同的方法拼装在主架上。 将做好的堵头装在主架根部。 现在就可以把主架装到底座上了。再把绿绿莹莹的萝卜樱插上。 最后，要按装蝈蝈了。将蝈蝈的4条小腿，插入前身两边4个小圆坑内，调整好位置。我们用马背上的鬃毛来，做蝈蝈的两根须子，怎么样,安上后还挺有灵气吧。 在蝈蝈腿上和尾部沫胶，将它轻轻粘在白菜叶上，在肚子两侧贴好两条大腿。 您看，这蝈蝈跳在白菜上，振翅鸣叫着，仿佛能听到它那“瞿瞿瞿”的欢叫声。 最后再用自动手喷漆在做好的《蝈蝈白菜》上，薄薄的喷一层，防止退色。 现在，骨雕工艺品《蝈蝈白菜》已全部制作完成了。您看了这期节目，对骨雕的制作过程也应该有所了解了吧。您如果对这项工艺技and due diligence evaluations article 22nd head office, branch (jurisdiction), risk management, marketing management branch within the Department's credit business person assumed responsibility for the supervision and inspection and due diligence evaluations. Article 23rd, Head Office, branches (jurisdiction), risk management, Marketing Management Department through on-site and off-site inspection, investigation report, interviews with investigators for pre-loan investigation work by way of conducting supervision and inspection, quality evaluation pre-loan investigation work, and based on the evaluation results, the implementation of diversity management. 24th the control and inspection (a) the implementation of the credit system: there is no breach of credit policy relating to the granting of credit and the head office; (B) dual credit rating: timeliness of ratings, whether the provisions of the rating, rating results are accurate; (C) the survey contents: data collection is complete, report writing is comprehensive, indicators analysis is objective, real, conclusions and the facts are consistent and reasonable; (D) double implementation of investigations system: practical implementation of double system; (E) other supervision and inspection of the contents. 25th due diligence evaluation offices and branches (jurisdiction), risk management, Marketing Management Department agreed to carry out pre-loan investigation supervision and inspection work, evaluate whether investigators due diligence to determine whether the exemption should be. Investigators should be compatible with. Due diligence assessment should be based on the fact that, following the principles of objectivity, impartiality and fairness. Article 26th head 术有兴趣，也不妨找些牛骨头练习练习，说不定也能创作出如此精美的艺术品呢。 下面，我们再向您介绍一些骨雕工艺品日常维护和保养的小贴士。. 十:维护和保养 因为骨雕工艺品的原材料是牛骨头，所以摆放的环境干湿度要适合，不能过于潮湿也不能过于干燥。长时间在阳光下照射也会使颜料退色。影响工艺品的美感。 如果骨雕工艺品摆放时间教较长，上面有灰尘或污垢，可以用长毛刷子沾洗涤剂水，轻轻刷洗表面，清洗的时候不要泡在水里洗，以免脱胶。刷洗干净后，用流动的清水冲洗干净，用吹风机调在自然风吹干即可。 骨雕工艺品，质朴而高雅，可以取材于价格低廉的牛骨。雕刻师们运用智慧和技巧，以刻刀为笔，经过精雕细琢，制作出精美绝伦、精湛时尚的雕刻艺术工艺品。还由于其作品的唯一性，就成为了艺术收藏、宾朋馈赠、雅室点缀和旅游纪念之珍品。 and due diligence evaluations article 22nd head office, branch (jurisdiction), risk management, marketing management branch within the Department's credit business person assumed responsibility for the supervision and inspection and due diligence evaluations. Article 23rd, Head Office, branches (jurisdiction), risk management, Marketing Management Department through on-site and off-site inspection, investigation report, interviews with investigators for pre-loan investigation work by way of conducting supervision and inspection, quality evaluation pre-loan investigation work, and based on the evaluation results, the implementation of diversity management. 24th the control and inspection (a) the implementation of the credit system: there is no breach of credit policy relating to the granting of credit and the head office; (B) dual credit rating: timeliness of ratings, whether the provisions of the rating, rating results are accurate; (C) the survey contents: data collection is complete, report writing is comprehensive, indicators analysis is objective, real, conclusions and the facts are consistent and reasonable; (D) double implementation of investigations system: practical implementation of double system; (E) other supervision and inspection of the contents. 25th due diligence evaluation offices and branches (jurisdiction), risk management, Marketing Management Department agreed to carry out pre-loan investigation supervision and inspection work, evaluate whether investigators due diligence to determine whether the exemption should be. Investigators should be compatible with. Due diligence assessment should be based on the fact that, following the principles of objectivity, impartiality and fairness. Article 26th head