英语读物

英语读物 How to Be Popular Most people would like to be popular with others, but not everyone can achieve this goal. What is the secret to popularity? In fact, it is very simple. The first step is to improve our appearance. We should always make sure that we stay in good shape and dress well. When we are healthy and well-groomed, we will not only look better but also feel better. In addition, we should smile and appear friendly. After all, our facial expression is an important part of our appearance. If we can do this, people will be attracted to our good looks and impressed by our confidence. Another important step is developing more consideration for others. We should always put others first and place their interests before our own. It's also important to be good listeners; in this way people will feel comfortable enough to confide in us. However, no matter what we do, we must not gossip. Above all, we must remember to be ourselves, not phonies. Only by being sincere and respectful of others can we earn their respect. If we can do all of the above, I am sure popularity will come our way. 如何才能受人欢迎 大部分的人都想受人欢迎～但是并非每个人都能达到目标。受欢迎的秘诀何 在?事实上是很简单的。步骤一～先改善我们的外表。我们得确保自己很健康～ 并且穿着体面。当我们既健康又穿戴整齐时～不仅看起来更有精神～自己也会觉 得好多了。此外～我们要保持微笑并表现得很友善。毕竟～脸部表情是外观很重 要的一环。如果我们能做到这一点～别人会被我们的美好外表所吸引～并对我们 的自信印象深刻。 另一个重要步骤～就是培养对别人的体贴。永远以他人为重～并把别人的利 益放在自己的利益之前。当个好听众也是很重要的;如此一来～别人才能很自在 地对我们吐露心事。然而～不管我们做什么事～绝对不要说闲言闲语。最重要的 是～要做自己～不要当虚伪的人。只有对人真诚又尊重时～才能赢得他人的尊敬。 如果我们能做到以上几点～我相信受人欢迎是指日可待的事。 1 How to Lose Weight It seems that many people today are overweight. No one wants to carry around extra pounds, lout few people know how to slum down effectively. They look for miracle pills and magic cures. In the end, they fail and the pounds come back. But the most effective way of losing weight is actually very simple. It is a combination of a good diet and proper exercise. What makes it work is determination. It requires discipline and commitment to succeed. Here is an example that proves the truth of these words. My aunt had been trying to lose weight for years. She went on one diet after another, but none of them worked. She lost a lot of weight quickly only to have it come back. Finally, she followed her doctor's advice and began to eat a simple, well-balanced diet. She ate lots of fruits and vegetables and avoided high-fat foods. In addition, she joined an exercise class. She worked out three times a week. At first, my aunt wasn't happy because the weight came off so slowly. But her classmates encouraged her to stick to it and eventually she reached her goal. Best of all, she was able to stay at her ideal weight. That was because she had developed healthy new habits. 如何减肥 现在似乎有许多人的体重都过重。没有人会希望身上有多余的重量～但是很 少人知道如何才能有效地瘦下来。他们会去寻找特效药～以及神奇的治疗法。最 后不仅失败～而且反弹了。但是事实上～最有效的减肥方法非常简单。主要就是 结合均衡的饮食～以及适当的运动。成功的关键就是要有决心。成功需要自制和 投入。以下这个例子～可以证明这个方法是正确的。 我阿姨试图减肥已经好多年了。她一次又一次地节食～但是没有一次成功。 她的体重会快速地下降～但没多久就又反弹了。最后～她听从医生的建议～开始 吃简单、均衡的饮食。她吃大量的蔬果～并避免高脂肪的食物。除此之外～她还 去参加运动课程。她一星期运动三次。起初～我阿姨并不是很开心～因为体重下 降得很慢。但是她的同学们鼓励她坚持下去～最后她终于达到目标。最棒的是～ 她能够维持她的理想体重。因为她已经养成健康的新生活习惯。 2 Learn How to Say No We've all been taught that we should help people. It is the right thing to do and will make us popular with others. It may even win us favors in return. However, we must be realistic. We can't say yes to every request. If we did, we would fail or go crazy for sure. Sometimes we simply don't have the time to help. In this case, we must know how to say no politely. When we need to say no, here is one method we can try. First, we should tell the truth. If we really can't do something, we should just say so. Second, we should remember to refuse requests politely. We must communicate clearly, but must also be sincere and sympathetic. A true friend will understand. Finally, we must not feel guilty about saying no. Sometimes refusing others is the right thing to do. It can save ourselves, and them, a lot of trouble. In short, we cannot please everyone all the time. Refusing favors is a part of life. 学习如何说不 我们都被教导说～我们应该要帮助别人。这是应该做的事～而且这样做会使 我们受人欢迎。它甚至会为我们赢得一些回报。但是～我们必须要实际一点。我 们不能答应每一个要求。如果我们这么做～我们就一定会失败或发疯。有时候我 们确实没有时间去帮忙。既然如此～我们就必须知道如何有礼貌地说不。 当我们需要说不的时候～有个办法我们可以试试。首先～我们应该要说实话。 假如我们真的办不到某件事～我们就应该说不。第二～我们应该记得要客气地拒 绝对方的要求。我们必须清楚地表达～但态度也必须真诚并且表示同情。一个真 正的朋友会谅解的。最后～我们不必为了说不而觉得有罪恶感。有时候拒绝别人 才是我们应该做的事。它可以替我们自己和别人～都省下许多麻烦。总而言之～ 我们无法一直取悦每个人。拒绝请求是人生的一部分。 3 How to Sell Yourself In this competitive society it is essential to know how to sell yourself in order to get the job you want. That means you must be able to market your best features and present yourself in the best light. After all, you never get a second chance to make a first impression. There are several things you can do to project a good image in an interview. First of all, look like a winner. Dress conservatively and well, and you'll look like you're going to the top. Second, communicate clearly. Consider each question carefully and respond with total honesty. Remember to make eye contact and maintain good posture. You need to look attentive but also at ease. Third, have a positive and assertive attitude. It's important to appear confident of your ability and optimistic about your future. Finally, be prepared. Present a professional resume and be ready to explain everything in detail. By following the advice above, you are bound to make a good impression on potential employers. Then you will be able to choose the best opportunity for you and take that first step towards success. 如何自我推销 在这个竞争激烈的社会中～为了得到你想要的工作～知道如何自我推销是很 重要的。也就是说～你必须能够销售你最好的特点～并把你最好的一面呈现出来。 毕竟～第一印象定江山。 要在面试时表现出好的一面～你可以做几件事情。首先～要看起来像个赢家。 穿着保守而体面～会使你看起来像是就要成功了。第二～要能清楚地表达。仔细 地考虑每个问题～并据实回答。记得要和对方有目光接触～并保持良好的姿势。 你必须看起来专注而自在。第三～态度要积极而有自信。对你的能力有信心～并 对你的未来感到乐观是很重要的。最后～要充分准备。递上一份专业的简历～并 准备好详细解释每件事。 遵照以上的建议～你就一定会给可能成为你老板的那些人～留下好的印象。 然后你就可以选择对你而言最好的机会。并踏出迈向成功的第一步。 4 My Attitude towards to Marks 我的分数观 For our students, marks is above everything. Teachers will judge us from our marks. With marks we can be enrolled into junior middle schools. With marks, we can be enrolled into senior middle schools. With marks we can be enrolled into college. With marks we can be enrolled into postgraduate and doctrine studies. Still with marks we can be graded and be allowed to go abroad for further studies. Our parents will be strict with us with the marks. Our society judge us from marks. However, sometimes we students compare one another with marks directly. We are completely controlled by marks. We like them and we feel sorry for them. But what attitude towards our marks should we take? Truly, marks functions cannot be underestimated. In terms of test in our study, marks are fair and real. That is the reason why we say "Everyone is equal before marks. " However, I think marks are the sole standard to judge the success or failure of students in exams. Sometimes, marks more than ten or less than one or two in our exams comparing with others mean not everything. The success or failure in exams will be influenced by experience on the spot and the examinee's health etc. Once in a while one cannot fail in exams. " Success or failure is common sense for military. " I think everyone is familiar with the famous saying. Don't you think such will be the case with our study? In exams, one cannot be " never-defeated general" . Even though one will be very good in everyday study, he cannot succeed in every exam sometimes. We can get proof from the fact that the very best one we call "Number One Scholar" in the entrance exams for college and ordinary middle school and specialized secondary school over the years is not eminent above all others nor top student in every study. As a matter of fact, "high marks" and "ability" are not unified. Some time ago, a new phrase " high marks but poor competence" came into being. Once I happened to meet such a teacher as this .It is said that the teacher just graduated from a far-famed key university. But his teaching result is much less than that of the one who just graduated from a not-well-renowned college. When lecturing, the teacher only repeated what the text-books says, which was very dull so the his students' interest in learning was not aroused. His teaching was short of unity of teaching and learning. At present there is a fact that we know a few brilliant and top college graduates are not qualified for their posts. The reason for it may be lack of the ability to combine knowledge learnt from books with pragmatics in their work. Students of this kind will be successful in every exam but they will be able to use freely their knowledge in their posts. Don't you think it waste training such persons for the country? To sum up from the above, I can say marks are not absolutely authoritative 5 for some. If we neglect training and developing the students' ability and competence and if we only seek for the high marks, we will be absolutely wrong. We should take an objective attitude towards the marks. Neither should we neglect them nor should we overvalue them like a God. 分数～对于我们学生来说～是至关重要的了。老师要用分数来衡量我们—上初中～要分数;上高中～要分数;上 大学要分数～考研究生、博士要分数～出国、评职称还是要分数。家长要用分数来要求我们;社会用分数来衡量我们。 而我们自己也常常用分数在相互直接做着攀比。我们完全为分数所左右了～我们为它欢喜～我们为它丧气。那么～我们应该怎样对待分数呢? 的确～分数有它不可低估的作用。从检验学习的角度上来说～它具有一定的公平性和真实性～‚分数面前人人平 等‛～讲的就是这个道理。然而～分数并不是估量一个学生成败得失的惟一标准。考试成绩偶尔低了一两分乃至十来 分～并不一定说明什么问题。考试的成败有时也会受到诸如临场经验、健康状况等方面的影响。‚胜败乃是兵家常事‛这句话大概不会有人不知道～而我们在学习上又何尝不如此?在考试上很少有‚常胜之师‛～即使平时成绩再好的同 学～也难免会有偶尔的失误。历届中考、高考‚状元‛并非就是平时出类拔萃的优等生的事实～便是明证。 事实上～‚高分‛与‚能力‛往往是不统一的。前段时间～社会上出现了一个新词:‚高分低能‛。笔者就曾经碰见这样一位教师～据说他毕业于某赫赫有名的重点大学～但从教学效果上讲～却远远逊色于一些非高等学府毕业的老师。其授课只是照本宣读而已～枯燥乏味～缺乏一种教与学之间的协调功能。根本不能引起听课同学的兴趣～目前不少大中专院校的高材生毕业后不能胜任他们的工作～原因就在于缺少将书本中的知识运用到实际工作中去的能力。这种人～尽管在学校中每每能考出高分～可无法在工作岗位上灵活白如地运用自己所学到的知识。国家培养出这样的‚人材‛～不也是一种浪费吗? 由此可见～分数并不如有些人想象得那么绝对和权威～忽视了对各方面才能的培养～只一味追求高分～是不行的。因此～我们应该客观地去看待分数～既不应过分轻视它～也没有必要把它看得过于神圣。 6 What Is Real Beauty? Yang Lingyuan 本篇是96年湖南省第二届非英语专业大学生英语演讲比赛团体二等奖获奖者之一的演讲 辞。其中引用正、反两方面的事例来论述“真正的美不在外表，而在内心”这一观点的方法值 得学习与借鉴。 It is human nature that all of us should be fond of beauty. Everybody was born with a heart for beauty. Today in China,with the rising of our living standard, people's requirement of beauty has been heightened accordingly. Some people spare no money or energy on beautiful clothes, fashionable hair styles,the decoration of their houses and even the improvement of their looks. But it seems to me,all these are more or less confined to the beauty in appearance,or rather,the outward beauty. In my opinion,we shouldn't only pay attention to beautiful appearance and neglect the beautification of the mind and what we are after should be the perfect unity of the outward beauty and the inner beauty. As we all know,so far as objects and animals are concerned,there is only beautiful appearance to be mentioned, but to us humanbeings, although the outward beauty really matters, the inner beauty is much more important. This was confirmed by a famous Russian writer in words much like this: "A person is not lovely for being beautiful but beautiful for being lovely. " Here, I'd like to quote two typical instances and I'm sure, my dear friends,from them you'll find out what real beauty is. Recently I learned from the radio an unpleasant incident about a well known singer. She is very charming with a sweet beautiful voice and very famous for singing the song."Devotion of Love". Not long ago,she was invited to Zhejiang Province to give performance. The moment she was to appear on the stage,she suddenly asked for more reward. Worse still,after her request was satisfied, she didn't begin to sing at once. Instead,she took her time to count all the money piece by piece. Thus she kept the audience waiting for half an hour. So when she at last showed up and started to sing "Devotion of Love",a man rose up from his seat and shouted at her,"You don't have any devotion of love. You are not qualified to sing this song ! "Hearing this, the singer stopped singing and began to shout abuses with her finger pointed at the man. At this time the whole audience burst into an uproar. How disappointed her keen listeners were when they learned this! It is the 7 singer herself who spoiled her beautiful image in the eyes of others. Now, I'm coming to another true story. It's about a poor, ordinary looking old woman. She was a widow without any children, living barely from hand to mouth by picking odds and ends from rubbish heaps. However,she took in more than ten homeless orphans successively and managed to bring them up. Every day she labored from morning till night. In order to earn as much money as possible to raise the children and to keep them in school,she even went to a hospital regularly to sell her blood. She got so weak for the loss of blood that she sometimes fell in a faint on her way home. When asked why she chose to burden herself with so many children,she smiled and simply answered,"Oh,I love children and I like to have their company. " Though the old woman was poor materially, she was full of affection and rich in spirit. She was loved dearly by her children. She was also highly appreciated by the local government, and truly respected by people in her community. Maybe you can't help wondering, "What makes that ordinary woman so extraordinary?" It is nothing else but her inner beauty, her true devotion of love without any thought of rewarding. What a sharp contrast there is between the great woman and the selfish singer] So,to answer the question "What is real beauty?", I declare definitely,it is the beauty lying in one's heart of hearts and embodied in his actions and deeds,that is,the inner heauty! 8 Responsibility is a Badge of Honour for Youth (96年“21世纪杯全国大学生英语演讲比赛”二等奖获得者，北京外国语大学 徐义成) Facing this audience on the stage, I have the exciting feeling of participating in the march of history, for what we are facing today is more than a mere competition or contest. It is an assembly of some of China's most talented and motivated people, representatives of a younger generation that are preparing themselves for the coming of a new century. I'm grateful that I've been given this opportunity, at such a historic moment, to stand here as a spokesman of my generation and to take a serious look back at the past 15 years, a crucial period for every one of us and for this nation as well. Though it is only within my power to tell about my personal experience, and only a tiny fragment of it at that, it still represents, I believe, the root of a spirit which has been essential to me and to all the people bred by the past 15 years. In my elementary years, there was a little girl in the class who worked very hard but somehow could never do satisfactorily in her lessons. The teacher asked me to help her, and it was obvious that she expected a lot from me. but as a young boy, restless, thoughtless, I always tried to evade her so as to get more time to enjoy myself. One day before the final exam, she came up to me and said, "Could you please explain this to me? I want very much to do better this time. " I started explaining, and finished in a hurry. Pretending not to notice her still confused eyes, I ran off quickly. Nat surprisingly, she again did very badly in the exam. And two months later, at the beginning of the new semester, word came of her death of blood cancer. No one ever knew about the little task I failed to fulfill, but I couldn't forgive myself. I simply couldn't forget her eyes, which seem to be asking, "Why didn't you do a little more to help me, when it was so easy for you? Why didn't you understand a little better the trust placed in you, so that I would not have to leave this world in such pain and regret?" I was about eight or nine years old at that time, but in a way it was the very starting point of my life, for I began to understand the word "responsibility" and to learn to always do my duties faithfully and devotedly, for the implications of that sacred word has dawned on me: the mutual need and trust of people, the co-operation and inter-reliance which are the very foundation of human society. Later in my life, I continued to experience many failures. But never again did I feel that regret which struck me at the death of the girl, for it makes my heart satisfied to think that I have always done everything in my power to fulfill my 9 responsibilities as best I can. As I grew up, changed and improved by this incident and many other similar ones, I began to perceive the changes taking place around me and to find that society, in a way, was in its formative years like myself. New buildings, new commodities and new fashions appear every day. New ideas, new information, new technologies. People can talk with each other from any corner of the earth in a matter of seconds. Society is becoming more competitive. Words like individuality and creativity are getting more emphasis and more people are rewarded for their hard work and efforts. Such is the era in which this generation ,grows and matures. Such is the era in which this generation will take over the nation from our fathers and learn to run it. Yet in the meantime, many problems still exist. We learn that crimes take place in broad daylight with crowds of people looking on and not assisting. We hear that there are still about 1 million children in this country who can't even afford to go to elementary schools while enormous sums of money are being squandered away on dinner parties and luxury cars. We buy shoddy medicines, or merely worthless junk in the name of medicines, that aggravate, rather than alleviate our diseases since money, many people believe, is the most important thing in the world that must be made, even at the expense of morality and responsibility. Such an era, therefore, determines that we are a generation with a keener sense of competition and efficiency and a greater readiness to think critically and act creatively. Such an era, furthermore, demands, that we are a generation with a clear perception of our historical responsibility and an aggressive will to take action and solve the problems. History has long been preparing these qualities in this generation and it is now calling us forward to give testimony to our patriotism and heroism towards this nation and all humanity. Standing here now, I think of the past 15 years of my life as an ordinary student. Probably I'll be an ordinary man for the rest of my life. But this doesn't discourage me any, for I know that with my sense of responsibility and devoted efforts to always strive, for the best, it's going to be a meaningful and worthwhile life that I will be living. Standing here now, I think of the past 15 years of this nation, which has achieved greatness that inspired millions of people of my age, most of whom will not attain fame or prestige and only a few of whom will be remembered by posterity. But that doesn't discourage us any, because we know that the world watches, the world listens, the world is waiting to see where this nation will be 10 heading in a time of rich opportunities and fierce competition. I can't ever forget that little girl in my class who couldn't had the same opportunities as any of us here to enjoy a wonderful life today and a hopeful world tomorrow. It is the sacred responsibility of this generation to face up to the challenges of the new century and to devote our sweat and blood, our wisdom and passion, to the historic cause of making this nation a greater and happier land for every one of us. We are not going to evade that responsibility. We are going to let people down. And people, far and near, will hear of us. Frost will be brought to their backbones and tears to their eyes when our stories are told and retold, So let us go forth, my fellow members of this luckily chosen generation, and meet the new century in victory and glory. 责任感——青年人荣誉的标志 站在台上面对大家～我心情十分激动。好像是在参加一次历史性的长征。我 们今天面对的远不只一场竞赛或角逐。这是才华出众～生气勃勃的中国青年的一 次聚会。我们是青年一代的代表。为迎接新世纪的到来～我们正在从各方面作好 准备。 在这一历史时刻～能有机会代表同龄人在此认真地回顾于国于己都至关重要 的过去的15年～我感激万分。 尽管只能谈谈个人经历～而且只涉及其中一个小小的片段～但我相信～它仍然折 射出对我和在过去15年间一同成长起来的青年人都不可缺少的一种思想基础。 我上小学时～班上有位小姑娘～学习非常刻苦而成绩却不尽人意。 老师要我帮助她。看得出～她也寄厚望于我。但我那时还是个小男孩～坐不住～ 不懂事。我老是ME避她。以便有更多时间自己玩。 期末考试前一天～她来求我说‚请你给我讲解一下行吗?这次我很想考得好一 点。‛我开始给她讲解～不一会儿便草草收场～假装没有察觉她迷茫的眼神～一 溜烟儿地跑开了。不出所料～这次她又考砸了。两个月后～新学期依始～传来她 死于血癌的消息。我没有完成那项小小的任务～无人知晓。但我却不能原谅自己。 她的眼睛令我难以忘怀～仿佛在责问我～‚你为什么不愿多帮助我呢?这对于你 来说～并不费事。你为什么不能理解我对你的信赖～而让我带着痛苦和遗憾离开 这个世界?‛ 我当时才八九岁。但从某种意义上讲～这件事成了我生活的新起点。因为我 开始体会到‚责任‛二字的意义～并尽心尽力地学着完成自己的义务。我也逐渐 领会了这个神圣字眼的深刻内含:人与人之间的彼此需要和信任、合作和依赖正 是人类社会存在的基础。 之后～我在生活中又经受过多次失败～但那小姑娘之死所引起的懊悔～心里 却不曾再现。想到自己做每一件事都能尽职尽责～一种满足之感便油然而生。 11 此事及类似的多起事件改变了我～完善了我。当我长大成人～我开始领悟周围发生的一切变化。我发现～从某种意义上说～社会跟我一样～正处在一个自我完善的时期。新建筑、新商品、新款式一天一个样。新思维、新信息、新技术层出不穷。即便万里相隔～人们在转瞬之间即可相互交谈。社会竞争越演越烈。 人们越来越强调个性和创造性。越来越多的人因工作努力而受到奖赏。这就是当今的时代～一代新人由成长迈入成熟的时代。这是我们这一代人接替父辈治国安邦的时代。然而～我们也面临很多间题。 据悉～坏人在光天化日之下作恶～周围的群众居然袖手旁观～无动于衷。我还听说～目前我国尚有100万儿童连小学也上不起～而巨额资金却拿去举办奢侈的宴会和购置豪华的轿车。 我们常常买的是劣质药品～或名曰药品实为一文不值的废物～非但不能除病去痛～反而会使病情加重。在某些人看来～世上金钱最宝贵～只要能赚钱～不惜牺牲道德和责任。 因而～这个时代赋予我们的是更强烈的竞争和效率意识～使我们更善于批判性地思考和创造性地行动。 此外～这个时代要求我们这一代人必须认清自己肩负的历史重任～下定决心～采取行动～解决上述问题。长期以来～历史一直在我们这一代人身上培养着这些品质。现在～历史呼唤我们挺身而出～以实际行动向全民族及全人类证实我们的拳拳爱国之心和大无畏的英雄主义。 此刻～我站在讲台上回顾15年来的学生生活。今后的岁月～我很可能平平淡淡地度过。但这丝毫不会让我心灰意冷。因为我知道～凭借强烈的责任感和精益求精的不懈奋斗～我将追求一种有意义的生活～一种不枉此生的生活。 此刻～我站在讲台上回顾过去～15年来祖国取得的巨大成就激励着千千万万的同龄人。我们之中大多数人将与名利和权力无缘。只有极少数人或许会后世留芳。对此我们丝毫也不会在意。因为我们知道～世界在观望～世界在倾听。在这个大量机遇和激烈竟争并存的时代～我们国家究竟去向何方～整个世界都在关注。 我永远不会忘记班上那位小姑娘。她本应该却没能和在座各位一样享受今天美好的人生和明日充满希望的世界。 接受新世纪的挑战～把我们的血汗、智慧和热情奉献给建设祖国、造福人民的伟大历史事业。这就是我们这一代人的神圣职责。 我们决不逃避责任～决不辜负人民的期望。我们的业绩将四海传扬。我们的故事将被反复讲述～定会令人惊叹不已～以至热泪盈眶。 有幸与时代为伍的朋友们～让我们勇往直前～以胜利的姿态迎接光辉灿烂的新世纪的来临! 12 演说者简介】 刘欣(1975一)，南京大学外国语学院英语系学生，在1995年底的校级英 语演讲赛中脱颖而出，代表南京大学参加1996年3月22日在北京举行的“21世纪杯全国 大学生英语演讲比赛”.以《选择的重要性》为题发表演说，夺得比赛第一名。 Knowing the Consequences of Choice Over the past Spring Festival, I got involved in a family dispute. Right before I got home, four satellite channels of CCTV were added to the 14 channels we had already had. In prime time at night, they all had interesting shows. Therefore, the five of us-my parents, my sisters and I-had to argue over what to watch. Finally, we agreed that we should watch the "most interesting" programme... If we could agree what that was. However, all of us there remember that for a long time after we had TV, there were only one or two channels available. The increase in options reveals an important change in our life: the abundance of choice. Fifteen years ago we all dressed in one style and in one colour. Today, we select from a wide variety of designs and shades. Fifteen years ago, we read few newspapers. Today, we read English newspapers like the China Daily and the 21st Century, as well as various Chinese newspapers. Fifteen years ago, English majors took only courses in language and literature. Today, we also study Western culture, journalism, business communications, international relations, and computer science. The emergence of choices marks the beginning of a new era in China's history; an era of diversity, of material and cultural richness, and an era of the rebirth of the Chinese nation. We enjoy the abundance of choice. But this has not come easily. About 150 years ago, China was forced to open up its door by Western canons and gunboats. It has been through the struggle and sacrifice of generations that we finally have gained the opportunity to choose for ourselves. The policy of reform and openness is the choice that has made all the difference. Like others of my age, I'm too young to have experienced the time when the Chinese people had no right to choose. However, as the next century draws near, it is time to ask: What does choice really mean to us young people? Is choice a game that relies on chance or luck? Is choice an empty promise that never materializes? Or is choice a puzzle so difficult that we have to avoid it? First, I would like to say: To choose means to claim opportunities. 13 I am a third-year English major. An important choice for me, of course, is what to do upon graduation. I can go to graduate school, at home or abroad. I can go to work as a teacher, a translator, a journalist, an editor and a diplomat. Actually, the system of mutual selection has allowed me to approach almost every career opportunity in China. Indeed, this is not going to be an easy choice. I would love to work in such big cities as Beijing or Shanghai or Shenzhen. I would also love to return to my hometown, which is intimate, though slightly lagging in development. I would love to stay in the coastal area where life is exciting and fast-paced. I would also love to put down roots in central and western China, which is underdeveloped, but holds great potential. All of these sound good. But they are only possibilities. To those of us who are bewildered at the abundance of opportunities, I would like to say: To choose means to accept challenge. To us young people, challenge often emerges in the form of competition. In the next century, competition will not only come from other college graduates, but also from people of all ages and of all origins. With increasing international exchanges, we have to face growing competition from the whole outside world. This is calling for a higher level of our personal development. Fifteen years ago, the knowledge of a foreign language or of computer operation was considered merely an advantage. But today, with wider educational opportunities, this same knowledge has become essential to everyone. Given this situation, even our smallest choices will require great wisdom and personal determination. As we gain more initiative in choice making, the consequence of each choice also becomes more important. As we gain more initiative in choice making, the consequence of each choice also becomes more important. Nuclear power, for instance, may improve our quality of life. But it can also be used to damage the lives and possessions of millions. Economic development has enriched our lives but brought with it serious harm to our air, water and health. To those of us who are blind to the consequences of their choices, I would like to say, To choose means to take responsibility. When we are making choices for ourselves, we cannot casually say: "It's just my own business. " As policy makers of the next century, we cannot fail to see our responsibility to those who share the earth with us. 14 The traditional Chinese culture teaches us to study hard and work hard so as to honor our family. To me, however, this family is not just the five of us who quarreled over television programmes. Rather, it is the whole of the human family. As I am making my choices, I will not forget the smile of my teacher when I correctly spelled out the word "China" for the first time, I will not forget the happy faces of the boys and girls we helped to send back to school in the mountains of Jiangxi Province. I will not forget the tearful eyes of women and children in Bosnia, Chechnya and Somali, where millions are suffering from war, famine or poverty. All these people, known and unknown, make up our big human family. At different points, they came into my life and broaden my perspective. Now as I am to make choices for myself, it is time to make efforts to improve their lives, because a world will benefit us all only if every one in it can lead a peaceful and prosperous life. 选择的重要性 去年春节期间～我陷入过一场家庭纷争。在我回家之前～我们家的电视除了 已有的14个频道外又增加了四个卫星频道。晚上的黄金时间～每个频道的节目 都很精彩.结果～我们一家五口(父母～两个姐姐和我)为了选台而争执起来。最 后～我们决定应当看‚最有意思‛的节目——如果我们在什么是‚最有意思‛上 可以认同的话。 不过我们全都清楚地记得～买了电视后的好长一段时间里～只有一两个频道 可供选择。电视频道的增多反映出我们生活中的一个重大变化:选择余地的扩大。 15年前～我们身着同样的款式～单一的色调。而如今～纷繁的花色和众多的 式样让我们挑得眼花缭乱。 15年前～我们几乎无报可读。而如今～除了大大小小的中文报纸～我们还读 上了《中国日报》、《21世纪报》这样的英文报纸。 15年前～英语专业的学生只能选语言与文学课程。而如今～我们还学习西方 文化～新闻～商务～国际关系～甚至还有计算机课程。 选择的涌现标志着中国进入了一个崭新的时代～一个充满多样化的时代～一 个物质与精神都愈加丰富的时代～一个中华民族获得新生的时代。 我们为选择之多而欢呼雀跃～同时也深深地感到这一切来之不易。 一个半世纪之前～在西方大炮、战舰的威通下～中国被迫打开了国门。经过 祖祖辈辈的抗争与牺牲～我们才最终赢得了当家作主的机会。改革开放这个正确 的抉择使一切发生了翻天覆地的变化。 我和其他同龄人一样～太年轻了、没有经历过中国人丧失选择权的岁月。但 是～随着下个世纪的脚步越走越近～我们是该们心自间了:选择～对于我们青年 一代～到底意味着什么? 选择～是场靠侥幸来获胜的游戏吗?是句不用兑现的空话吗?抑或是种让人知 15 难而退的困境? 首先～我认为～选择意味着抓住机遇。 我是英语专业三年级学生～我所面临的一个重大选择当然是毕业后的去向。我可以攻读硕士学位～或在国内～或在国外。我可以走上工作岗位～做名教师～翻译～记者～编辑或外交家.实际上～双向选择的体制在我面前铺开了通向各行各业的大道。 说真的～这个选择并不好做。我愿意在像北京、上海、深圳这样的大都市里工作～我也盼着能回到虽不那么发达却使我倍感亲切的故乡。我希望可以留在生活节奏快～令人兴奋的沿海地带～我也愿意扎根于广炭的中西部地区～那里虽然条件艰苦～却有极大的发展潜力。 所有这一切听上去令人振奋～但它们毕竟只是可能性。有些人面对五花八门的选择挑得眼花缭乱～我要告诉他们:选择就意味着接受挑战。 对于我们青年一代～挑战常以竟争的形式出现。到下个世纪～竞争者将不仅只是其他大学毕业生～更有各行各业不同年龄层的人们。 随着国际交流的不断增多～我们得面对来自整个外部世界日益激烈的竞争～这就对我们个/、的发展提出了更高的要求。 15年前～懂门外语或会用计算机是个优越条件。但今天～随着受教育面的拓宽～以上的知识也成了每个人必备的条件。 在这种形势下～即便最细小的选择也要求我们具有极大的智慧和自主精神。 当我们面对选择不断增强自己的主动性时～每一次选择的结果也同样变得愈加重要。 比方说～核能可以提高人民的生活水平～可它同样也能毁灭千百万人的生命财产。 经济的发展使我们富裕起来～却也给我们的空气、水、健康带来了严重危害。有些人对选择的后果毫不在乎～我要对他们说:选择还意味着承担责任。我们替自己做选择时～不能随口一句‚这不关别人的事‛。作为下个世纪的决策者～我们必须承担对和我们共同拥有这个地球的人们所负的责任。 传统的中华文化教育我们～要勃奋学习～努力工作～以荣耀家门。然而我认为～这个家门并不只指诸如我的那个争看电视的五口小家。更确切地说～它指的是整个人类这个大家庭。当我为自己的未来做出选择时～我不会忘记自己第一次正确读出‚China"这个单词时老师脸上的笑容。我也不会忘记在我们的帮助下重返校园的江西山区的孩子们兴奋的脸庞。我更不会忘记饱受战火、饥荒、贫困蹂蹦的波斯尼亚、车臣、索马里～不会忘记那里成千上万的妇女儿童泪水模糊的双眼。 所有这些我认识或不认识的人们组成了人类这个大家庭。他们从不同的时空中走进了我的生活～开拓了我的视野。现在～我将为自己做出抉择～该是为使他们的生活变得美好而奋斗的时候了。因为只有当每个人都过上和平、富足的生活～世界才能成为大家的乐园. 16 关爱自然-Caring For Nature--Overpopulation 演讲稿 What is nature? It's everything that exists in the world independently of people, such as pants and animals, earth and rocks, and the weather. Now more and more people are focusing on the nature. It is no doubt that the nature is important to every human being. No nature, no life. Because of the supplies of the nature, we have lived happily for a long time. And we started to gain every thing available from the nature. And this lasted so long a time. Today, people have discovered that the nature around is getting worse and worse. What is threatening the nature? Air and water pollution, over harvesting of plant and animal species, overpopulation and so on. Overpopulation is the biggest source of pollution. Let's take overpopulation as an example. What does overpopulation feel like? When we move slowly through the city in a taxi. When we enter a crowded slum district. When the temperature is high and when the air is thick with dust and smoke. The streets are crowded with people. The streets seem alive with people. People eating. People washing. People talking. People sleeping. People visiting each other, arguing and screaming. People relieving themselves. People pushing their hands through the taxi windows, begging. People leading animals. People, people, people, people. As we drive slowly through the crowd, sounding the taxi's horn, the dust, heat, noise and cooking fires made it like a scene from hell! I admit, frightening. To the nature, overpopulation is a big problem. More people, more pollution. And the big population is threatening the nature every second. The rapid rise in world population is not creating problems only for the developing countries. The whole world faces the problem that raw materials are being used up at an increasing rate and food production can not keep up with the population increase. People in rich countries make the heaviest demands on the world's resources, its food, fuel and land, and cause the most pollution. A baby born in the United States will use in his lifetime 30 times more of the world's resources than a baby born in India. Unless all the countries of the world take united action to deal with the population explosion there will be more and more people fighting for a share of less and less land, food and fuel, and the future will bring poverty, misery and war to us all. For most of the developing countries, it is a good idea to control the population growth. For example, China has carried out birth control for years. And this plan has a great effect on the world population. If the population continues to increase, if the air and water continue to be polluted, if we don't do something to protect wild-plant and wildlife species will be declining. Species and biological communities have difficulty adapting to change. Economic opportunities and the quality of life of future generations are also put at risk. By protecting nature, we protect ourselves. Let's unite together, hand in hand we stand all across the land. We can make this world in which to live. Hand in hand. Control the population growth. Take good care of our nature. 17 7月27日，12岁的少女伊阿娜?怀克斯勒在民主党全国代表大会上发表演说，抨击副总统 切尼，赢得满堂彩。伊阿娜是奥克兰的一名七年级学生。她建立了一个“儿童支持克里”的基 层组织，为此她放弃了参加夏令营，全身心地投入了为克里助选中去。克里的夫人上周亲自 打电话邀请伊阿娜在民主党大会上发表演讲。伊阿娜称赞克里致力于美国的教育，关心美国 的孩子。她说:“如果克里成功当选美国总统，而他的成功也有孩子们的一份功劳，那该多 么神奇。”她还批评切尼在与民主党参议员的辩论中说脏话。她说:“如果是我说了这些脏话， 我肯定会被判出场。我认为现在切尼应该被判出场。”全体代表对伊阿娜的演讲不断地报以 欢呼。伊阿娜的父母为此流出了自豪的泪水。 Ilana Wexler: My name is Ilana Wexler. I'm 12 years old, and I am the founder of "Kids for Kerry." Kids for Kerry is a grassroots organization of kids that support John Kerry, want to help their futures, and get active in politics. When my parents went to see Teresa Heinz Kerry speak, they told me that she was amazing! -- and that they thought John Kerry would make a great President. I decided to find out more about John Kerry. I talk about what I learned by using my ABCs. "A" is America. John Kerry is a hero to America, and he will help our futures. He is a great and positive role model. "B" is Better education. John Kerry wants to make class sizes smaller, so that children get the best part out of learning. He wants to help teachers because being a teacher is educating children, and letting them out into the world to do good things. "C" is Compassion towards children. John Kerry wants to make sure that health care is not a privilege, but it is something that we can all afford. This summer, I was supposed to go to my favorite camp. But instead, I decided to go to the John Kerry office every day. Kids can really help! On KidsforKerry.org, we have an interactive presidential quiz. There are 270 questions for the electoral votes John Kerry will win. Plus, 25 questions to make up for Florida from the last election. Our next goal is to have a petition for "National No Name-Calling Day," a day that the candidates don't say anything negative about one another. When our 18 Vice President had a disagreement with a Democratic senator, he used a REALLY BAD word. If I said that -- If I said that word, I would be put in a "time-out." I think he should be put in a time-out. The last time I saw John Kerry, he grabbed my arm and said, "See you at the convention." And here I am! What will be even more amazing will be the inauguration in January, when we have a new President, knowing that kids have made a difference in this election. To summarize, Teresa Heinz Kerry: Inspirational, amazing! John Kerry: American hero, next President. Kids need -- Kids need positive -- Kids need positive role models in politics. And our Vice President deserves a longgggggg time-out. Kids -- Kids, this is about our futures. Make sure all adults you know get out and vote. We can have a voice today! Thank you! 19 乔丹退役演说 Jordan Retirement I am here to announce my retirement from the game of basketball. It won't be another announcement to baseball or anything to that nature. Mentally, I'm exhausted, I don't feel I have a challenge. Physically, I feel great. The last time in 1993 I had other agendas. I felt that I wanted to play baseball and I felt that at my age, it was a good opportunity and time to do it. And with the death of my father, and I was basically trying to deal with that. Actually I talked to Jerry last year once the season ended and I told Jerry at that time, mentally, I was a little exhausted. I didn't know if I would play next year. I wanted to put him on awareness so that he could possibly prepare going into next season. And Jerry, once we had our conversation, wanted me to take time as I did in 93 to make sure that it was the right decision because it was going to be the final decision. I retired the first time when Phil Jackson was the coach. And I think that even with Phil being the coach I would have had a tough time, mentally finding the challenge for myself. Although he can somehow present challenges for me. I don't know if he could have presented the challenge for me to continue on to this season." Even though middle way of this season I wanted to continue to play a couple more years, but at the end of this season I was mentally drained and tired. So I can't say that he would have restored that. I will support the Chicago Bulls. I think the game itself is a lot bigger than Michael Jordan. I've been given an opportunity by people before me, to name a few, Kareem Abdul Jabbar, Doctor J, Eljohn Baylor, Jerry West. These guys played the game way before Michael Jordan was born and Michael Jordan came on the heels of all that activity. Mr Stern and what he's done for the league, gave me an opportunity to play the game of basketball. I played it to the best I could play it, I tried to enhance the game itself. I've tried to be the best basketball player that I could be. 我在这里宣布从篮球场上退役～而且这次退役后不会再去从事棒球或其他 类似的运动。 由于精神上很疲惫～我感到自己非常缺乏挑战力,体力倒还不错。1993年 那次退役时我有其他:想打棒球～我这个年纪正是从事棒球事业的极佳时机。 而且父亲刚好去世了～我只想尽力去面对这一切。 20 事实上～去年赛季刚结束时～我和杰里谈过一次。我告诉他我精神上有些疲惫～不知到下一年还能不能打。我想让他意识到这一点～以便为下一赛季做准备。杰里--有一次我们谈过这个问题--让我要象93年那样～好好考虑～以便作出明智的决定～因为这将是最后决定。 第一次退役时费尔〃杰克逊是教练。但我觉得既使本赛季他还担任教练～我也会很困难～内心里～我已感受到了挑战。当然无论如何～他都会给我一些应对方法的。我不知到他是否还有办法使我打完这一赛季。在本赛季中间我还想着再打几年呢～但当赛季结束时～我却感觉精神枯竭～疲惫。因此我确实不能说他会使我恢复精力。 我将支持芝加哥公牛队～我认为比赛本身比迈克尔〃乔丹重要得多。我的很多机会都是篮球前辈们给的。我这里指出一些: 贾巴尔～J博士～韦思特。这些人早在乔丹出生前就活跃在赛场了。迈克尔〃乔丹只不过是继承了他们的传统。斯特恩先生及其为联盟做出的贡献给了我打篮球的机会。我已尽我最大能力打球～我想努力推动比赛本身的发展。我一直在努力～尽我所能成为最好的球员。 21 Bush Delivers Victory Speech for 2nd Term 布什在华盛顿发表演讲宣布竞选获胜 November 3, 2004 美国东部时间11月3日下午3点(北京时间11月4日凌晨4点)，美国总统布什携夫人劳 拉在华盛顿的里根中心发表了演讲，宣布获得竞选连任胜利。 President Bush wins his second term in the White House as Sen. Kerry concedes the race. Both candidates set new records for the number of votes received in a presidential election, leading to questions of a mandate for President Bush. President Bush: Thank you all. Thank you all for coming. We had a long night -- (laughter) -- and a great night. (Cheers, applause.) The voters turned out in record numbers and delivered an historic victory. (Cheers, applause.) Earlier today, Senator Kerry called with his congratulations. We had a really good phone call. He was very gracious. Senator Kerry waged a spirited campaign, and he and his supporters can be proud of their efforts. (Applause.) Laura and I wish Senator Kerry and Teresa and their whole family all our best wishes. America has spoken, and I'm humbled by the trust and the confidence of my fellow citizens. With that trust comes a duty to serve all Americans, and I will do my best to fulfill that duty every day as your president. (Cheers, applause.) There are many people to thank, and my family comes first. (Cheers, applause.) Laura is the love of my life. (Cheers, applause.) I'm glad you love her, too. (Laughter.) I want to thank our daughters, who joined their dad for his last campaign. (Cheers, applause.) I appreciate the hard work of my sister and my brothers. I especially want to thank my parents for their loving support. (Cheers, applause.) I'm grateful to the vice president and Lynne and their daughters, who have worked so hard and been such a vital part of our team. (Cheers, applause.) 22 The vice president serves America with wisdom and honor, and I'm proud to serve beside him. (Cheers, applause.) I want to thank my superb campaign team. I want to thank you all for your hard work. (Cheers, applause.) I was impressed every day by how hard and how skillful our team was. I want to thank Chairman Mark Racicot and -- (cheers, applause) -- the campaign manager Ken Mehlman -- (cheers, applause) – the architect, Karl Rove. (Cheers, applause.) I want to thank Ed Gillespie for leading our party so well. (Cheers, applause.) I want to thank the thousands of our supporters across our country. I want to thank you for your hugs on the rope lines. I want to thank you for your prayers on the rope lines. I want to thank you for your kind words on the rope lines. I want to thank you for everything you did to make the calls and to put up the signs, to talk to your neighbors, and to get out the vote. (Cheers, applause.) And because you did the incredible work, we are celebrating today. (Cheers, applause.) There's an old saying, "Do not pray for tasks equal to your powers, pray for powers equal to your tasks." In four historic years, America has been given great tasks and faced them with strength and courage. Our people have restored the vigor of this economy and shown resolve and patience in a new kind of war. Our military has brought justice to the enemy and honor to America. (Cheers, applause.) Our nation -- our nation has defended itself and served the freedom of all mankind. I'm proud to lead such an amazing country, and I am proud to lead it forward. (Applause.) Because we have done the hard work, we are entering a season of hope. We will continue our economic progress. We will reform our outdated tax code. We will strengthen the Social Security for the next generation. We will make public schools all they can be, and we will uphold our deepest values of family and faith. We will help the emerging democracies of Iraq and Afghanistan -- (cheers, applause) -- so they can -- so they can grow in strength and defend their freedom, and then our servicemen and -women will come home with the honor they have earned. (Cheers, applause.) 23 With good allies at our side, we will fight this war on terror with every resource of our national power so our children can live in freedom and in peace. (Cheers, applause.) Reaching these goals will require the broad support of Americans, so today I want to speak to every person who voted for my opponent. To make this nation stronger and better, I will need your support and I will work to earn it. I will do all I can do to deserve your trust. A new term is a new opportunity to reach out to the whole nation. We have one country, one Constitution, and one future that binds us. And when we come together and work together, there is no limit to the greatness of America. (Cheers, applause.) Let me close with a word to the people of the state of Texas. (Cheers, applause.) We have known each other the longest, and you started me on this journey. On the open plains of Texas, I first learned the character of our country; sturdy and honest, and as hopeful as the break of day. I will always be grateful to the good people of my state. And whatever the road that lies ahead, that road will take me home. A campaign has ended, and the United States of America goes forward with confidence and faith. I see a great day coming for our country, and I am eager for the work ahead. God bless you. And may God bless America. (Cheers, applause.) 布什: 此次选民的投票率创下了历史新高～带来了历史性的胜利。今天早些时候～ 克里参议员打电话祝贺我竞选成功。我们在电话中谈得挺好～他非常亲切。克里 参议员发起了猛烈的竞选攻势～他和他的支持者可以为此感到自豪。劳拉和我向 克里、特里萨以及他们全家表示最衷心的祝愿。 美国做出了选择。对于同胞们的信任～我很感激。这种信任意味着我将承担 为所有美国公民服务的义务。作为你们的总统～我每天都将竭尽全力。 我需要感谢许多人～首先是我的家人。劳拉是我一生的挚爱～我对你们也爱 她感到高兴。我还要感谢在竞选后期加入竞选团的女儿～感谢兄弟姐妹们付出的 努力～特别感谢严父慈母的支持。 24 我感谢副总统、,他的夫人,莱尼和他们的女儿。他们付出了努力～是竞选团的重要成员。副总统聪明睿智、正直高贵～我为跟他共事感到自豪。 我感谢优秀的竞选团～感谢你们所有人付出的努力。你们的勤奋和智慧每天都给我留下了深刻的印象。 我感谢全国上下成千上万名支持者～感谢你们在竞选集会上的拥抱、祈祷和亲切言语～感谢你们想方设法打出标语～呼吁邻居前去投票。 正是由于你们付出了惊人的努力～我们今天才能庆祝胜利。 俗话说～不要祈求能力所能胜任的任务～要祈求能胜任任务的能力。在四年历史性时期～美国被赋予了伟大的任务～并以实力和勇气面对这些任务。我国人民使经济活力复苏～并在新型战争中显示出决心和耐心。我军已经将敌人绳之以法～给美国带来了荣誉。我国保卫了自己～维护了全人类的自由。领导这样出色的国家～我感到自豪,带领这个国家前进～我感到自豪。 我们已经完成了艰难的任务～进入了充满希望的时期。我们将继续推动经济增长～改革落后的税法～为下一代加强社会保障。我们将尽量改善公立学校～维护在家庭和信仰方面的核心价值观。 我们将帮助伊拉克和阿富汗建立民主……～以便他们增强实力和维护自由。然后～我军官兵将带着他们获得的荣誉回国。在优秀盟国的支持下～我们将动用美国的一切力量打赢这场反恐战争～确保我们的孩子们的自由与和平。 要实现这些目标～美国公民的广泛支持是必不可缺的。因此今天～我要对支持对手的所有人说～为了让美国变得更强大更美好～我需要你们的支持～我也将努力获得你们的支持～并将竭尽所能以担当得起你们的支持。 新一届任期使我有机会影响整个国家。正是同一个国家、同一部宪法和同一个未来把我们联系到了一起。当我们一起努力的时候～美国的前途无可限量。 作为结束语～请允许我向得克萨斯州人民讲几句话:我们彼此认识的时间最长～你们是我旅程的起点。在得州广阔无垠的平原上～我初次学到了美国的特点:强壮有力、真诚坦率～充满了黎明般的希望。我将永远感谢这个州的优秀人民。不管前方的路怎么样～这条路都将带我回家。 选举已经结束～美利坚合众国将充满自信地前进。我看到我们的国家正迎来伟大的日子～很期待下一周的开始。 愿上帝保佑你们～保佑美国: 25 微软公司主席比尔?盖茨在北京微软专业开发人员大会上的演讲(1997) Keynote Speech at Microsoft Professional Developers Conference Bill Gates 11 December 1997 Beijing,China Good morning. It's a great pleasure to be here. Today is a major milestone [1] for Microsoft as our first Professional Developers Conference here in China. The key partnerships we build with software developers around the world are central not only to the success of Windows but also to realize the possibility that PC technology provides. It's through applications of every variety that businesses will be using the personal computer as the tool of the Information Age. It's rather amazing how fast this innovation [2] is moving. Even to keep the like of myself who are deeply involved in the industry to go and see the improvement and every element that are taking place on a yearly basis is quite fantastic. Of course one of the driving factors of this business is the exponential increase in processor performance. There is no doubt that the magic of chip capability has delivered through the advance in microprocessor allows us to think of application which never would have been possible before. The PC industry is one of the few industries that can deliver lower price equipment at the same time as improving the capabilities. The storage systems are now delivering Gigabyte of storage as the standard capability. Over 80 million of PCs are being sold a year. And the server market, the higher performance machines that these PCs networked with, are the fastest growing part of this business. The performance of those servers is increasing not only because the individual processors are faster, but also because we are using multiple-processor machines, so called SMP designs and clustering nodes together.…… Great chips, systems developers, partners who are sponsoring [3] this event, making this all possible. There is an incredible opportunity for developers. The applications that are written today will sell to an even larger base of machines out in the market. There is a lot that we're doing to increase the work of good developers-make sure they understand where the PC is going and how tools can help them now, more and more marketing type of activities making sure they got in with the customers. This is something that we are going to increase year after year. 26 The overall [4] DNS message is one about helping developers seize that opportunity by bringing together the different architectures, making things automatic and allowing this to be done in an evolutionary fashion. I think it's a fantastic time to be developer and we appreciate being here and look forward to the opportunity to work with you more. Thank you. 在北京微软专业开发人员大会上的演讲 微软公司主席比尔〃盖茨 1997年12月11日～中国北京 早晨好。非常高兴与大家共聚一堂。在这里举行的微软中国第一届专业开发人员大会～是微软公司的一个重要里程碑。我们与全球软件开发人员建立的伙伴关系不仅是促成了Windows成功的关键～而且使PC技术提供的可能性成为现实。应用程序贯穿各个领域～公司将使用个人计算机作为信息时代的工具。 这一变革的速度之快～令人眼花缭乱。即使象我这样深入参与其中的人员～看到在一年基础上发生的如此巨大的进步预测一年后所发生的变化也是异想天开。当然～处理器性能的巨大提高是这一商务领域的一个推动因素。毫无疑问～芯片通过微处理器的进步所提供的强大功能允许我们考虑过去根本没有可能的应用程序。 PC行业是能够提供价格更低的设备并同时改进功能性的少数几个行业之 一。存储系统提供lGB存储的标准功能。全球每年售出8000多万台PC。在服务器市场中～令这些PC联网的性能更高的机器是发展最快的部分。这些服务器的性能不断提高～不仅是因为单一处理器速度更快～还因为我们使用多处理器机器～也就是被称为SMP设计并实现节点的集群化。…… 优异的芯片、系统开发商以及资助这一活动的合作伙伴将使所有这些成为可能。这是开发人员的一次极好机会。今天编写的应用程序将在市场上销售更多数量的机器。我们正在做许多工作来增加好的开发人员的工作～确保他们理解PC的走向、目前工具如何为他们提供帮助以及可使他们赢得客户的越来越多的促销活动类型。这就是我们年复一年所增加的东西。 整个DNS信息的目的就是通过结合不同的体系结构、实现任务自动化以及允许以一种发展的方式完成这一工作～帮助开发人员抓住机会。我认为～这是一个开发人员的时代～感谢您的光临并希望有机会与您进行更多的合作。 谢谢: 27 注释: 1( Milestone:“里程碑”的意思，常用做比喻义，如:a milestone in one's life(生命 的里程碑)，常常是一些改变一个人生活的重要事件，有意义的事件。 2( Innovation:“革新”、“创新”的意思，如:a daring innovation(大胆革新)。Technical innovation(技术革新)。 3( Sponsor:“资助”、“赞助”的意思，当名词将就是“赞助人”、“担保人”的意思，If I'm going to go and live in the US, I must get an American sponsor.(如果我打算去 美国生活，我必须得到一个美国担保人)。 4( Overall:“包括一切的”、“综合的”等意思，one's overall impression of sb.(对某 人的总体印象)。另外再告诉大家overall作名词讲时的一个很有意思的用法，“工装裤” (美国用法)、“紧身军裤”(英国用法)，这是overall 常用复数overalls，没办法，谁 叫裤子都是两条腿呢, 亚伯拉罕.林肯在葛底斯堡的演说 The Gettysburg Address by President Lincoln 1863年11月19日 Fourscore and seven years ago, our fathers brought forth upon this continent a new Nation, conceived in Liberty, and dedicated to theproposition that all men are created equal. Now, we are engaged in a great Civil War, testing whether that Nation, or any nation soconceived and so dedicated, can long endure. We are met on a great battlefield of that war. We have come to dedicate a portion of that field as a final resting-place for those who gave their lives that Nation might live. It is altogether fitting and proper that we should do this. But, in a larger sense, we cannot dedicate, we cannot consecrate, we cannot hallow this ground. The brave men, living and dead, who struggled here, have consecrated it far above our power to add or detract. The world will little note nor long remember what we say here, but it can never forget what they did here. It is for us, the living, rather to be dedicated to the great task remaining before us; that from these honored dead, we take increased devotion to that cause for which they gave the last full measure of devotion; that this Nation, under GOD, shall have a new birth of 28 freedom; and that government of the People by the People and for the People shall not perish from the earth." Abraham Lincoln 87年前～我们的先辈们在这个大陆上创立了一个新国家～它孕育于自由之中～奉行一切人生来平等的原则。现在我们正从事一场伟大的内战～以考验这个国家～或者任何一个孕育于自由和奉行上述原则的国家是否能够长久存在下去。我们在这场战争中的一个伟大战场上集会。烈士们为使这个国家能够生存下去而献出了自己的生命～我们来到这里～是要把这个战场的一部分奉献给他们作为最后安息之所。我们这样做是完全应该而且是非常恰当的。 但是～从更广泛的意义上来说～这块土地我们不能够奉献～不能够圣化～不能够神化。那些曾在这里战斗过的勇士们～活着的和去世的～已经把这块土地圣化了～这远不是我们微薄的力量所能增减的。我们今天在这里所说的话～全世界不大会注意～也不会长久地记住～但勇士们在这里所做过的事～全世界却永远不会忘记。毋宁说～倒是我们这些还活着的人～应该在这里把自己奉献于勇士们已经如此崇高地向前推进但尚未完成的事业。倒是我们应该在这里把自己奉献于仍然留在我们面前的伟大任务——我们要从这些光荣的死者身上汲取更多的献身精神～来完成他们已经完全彻底为之献身的事业,我们要在这里下定最大的决心～不让这些死者白白牺牲,我们要使国家在上帝福佑下得到自由的新生～要使这个民有、民治、民享的政府永世长存。 亚伯拉罕.林肯 29 电视对孩子成长的危害 It's no secret that most busy American mothers use the TV set as a live-in babysitter. In some households the tube holds a child's attention for the odd half hour or two while mom works on dinner; in others it is the child's constant daytime companion. Is there any harm in this? Debate rages over the question, and periodically research is published showing that TV reduces attention span, makes children jumpy or inclines them to violence. In today's cartoon David Horsey makes fun of the claims of "children's TV", the special programming that supposedly uses entertainment to help youngsters to learn to read and take their first steps in the big, diverse world outside their family. What do children really get from this programming? Horsey's suspicion is that children's programming chiefly turns kids into TV addicts, not into readers or happy mixers. The toddler in the cartoon, still at the age of pacifiers and stuffed animals, is held spellbound by the figure on the screen. What is the stimulating message of this creature specifically designed to fascinate small children? "Can you say TV?" The sooner the kid learns the word, the more effectively he can remind -- or nag -- his mother to turn on the boob tube. A child hooked on TV is a viewer open to commercial messages, and there are plenty of those targeting children of all ages. Thus, at the very least, mom's search for peace and quiet sets the stage for her child's 30 transformation into an American consumer -- and, of course, soaks up time that could be used for other, perhaps more desirable, transformations. 社会热点:电视对孩子成长的危害 在美国～很多忙碌的母亲把电视当成住在家里的保姆～这已不是什么秘密。在有些家庭中～当妈妈做饭时电视会拴住孩子的注意力～有时是半小时甚至两小时。还有些家庭～电视就是孩子整天的伙伴。这种情况有什么害处吗, 对这一问题的争论十分激烈～相关研究也在定期发表～这些研究表明～电视缩小了孩子们的兴趣范围～使孩子们变得心绪不宁～产生暴力倾向。在今天的漫画中～漫画家戴维-霍尔西嘲笑了‚儿童电视节目‛的自我标榜～这种电视节目据说是用娱乐方式来帮助儿童学习认字～帮助儿童向家庭之外的大千世界迈出第一步。但是孩子们从这种节目中真正得到了什么呢, 霍尔西认为～儿童节目的主要功能是把儿童变成电视迷～而不是变成爱读书的人或是善于与不同的人相处的人。漫画中刚学走步的孩子还处于叼奶嘴和玩毛绒动物玩具的年龄～可已经被电视上的人物迷住了。而这个被设计成非常吸引小孩子的形象正在启发孩子什么呢,——‚你会说‘电视’这个词吗,‛只要孩子一学会这个词～他就能更明确地提醒妈妈--更可能是纠缠妈妈--打开会把人变蠢的电视。 被电视拴住的孩子对商业广告毫无限制地接受～而商业广告中有很多针对所有年龄段的孩子。因此～妈妈想通过电视让孩子安静下来的做法～其负面影响往最小了说～是为把孩子变成成天想着买东西的人打下了基础——当然～这还使孩子把时间全耗费在电视上了～而这些时间本可以用在对孩子成长更有意义的事情上。 31 我们是在抚养小孩～不是在养We‘re Raising Children,Not Flowers! 花 David, my next-door neighbor, has two young kids aged five and seven. One day he 我的邻居大卫～有两个小孩～was teaching his seven-year-old son Kelly 一个5岁～另一个7岁。一天～how to push the lawn mower around the yard. 大卫正在教他7岁的儿子凯利如As he was teaching him how to turn the mower 何使用割草机割草。当教到怎样around at the end of the lawn, his wife, 在草坪尽头将割草机掉头时～他Jan, called to him to ask a question. As 的妻子简突然喊他～询问一些事David turned to answer the question, Kelly 情。当大卫转过身回答简的问题pushed the lawn mower right through the 时～凯利却把割草机推到了草坪flower bed at the edge of the lawn -- 边的花圃上--结果割草机所过之leaving a two-foot wide path leveled to the 处～花尸遍地～原本美丽的花圃ground～ 留下了一条2尺宽的小径。 When David turned back around and saw what 大卫转过身～面对眼前的情had happened, he began to lose control. 景～怒不可遏。要知道～这个花David had put a lot of time and effort into 圃花费了大卫多少时间和精力才making those flower beds the envy of the 侍弄成今天这个令邻居们无比羡neighborhood. As he began to raise his 慕的样子呀:他提高嗓门准备训voice to his son， Jan walked quickly over 斥凯利～这时简快步地走到他身to him, put her hand on his shoulder and 边～用手轻轻地拍了拍他的肩膀～said,"David, please remember ... we're 说:"大卫～别忘了--我们是在养raising children, not flowers～" 小孩～而不是在养花:" Jan reminded me how important it is as a 简的一番话提醒了我:作为父parent to remember our priorities. Kids 母我们应该清楚孩子和花究竟孰and their self-esteem are more important 重孰轻。孩子以及他们的自尊要than any physical object they might break 比被打破或损坏的任何东西都要or destroy. The window pane shattered by 重要得多啊:那些曾经被孩子们a baseball, a lamp knocked over by a 的棒球砸坏的窗户、不小心碰倒careless child, or a plate dropped in the 的台灯以及在厨房里掉在地上摔kitchen are already broken.The flowers are 碎的碟子都是已经毁坏了的东already dead. We must remember not to add 西。正如花圃里被割掉的花再也to the destruction by breaking a child's 不能复原了～我们就不要再去打spirit and deadening his sense of 破一个小孩子稚嫩纯净的心灵～ 32 liveliness. 使他们原来充满活力的感觉变得 迟钝～乃至麻木。 I was buying a sport coat a few weeks ago 几个星期以前～我去一家服装and Mark Michaels, the owner of the store, 店买了件运动衣～顺便和店主马and I were discussing parenting. He told 克〃麦克斯讨论了一些有关为人me that while he and his wife and 父母的问题。他跟我说了这样一seven-year-old daughter were out for 件事:有一次～他和他的妻子以dinner, his daughter knocked over her 及他们7岁大的女儿到餐馆里吃water glass. After the water was cleaned 晚餐时～他的女儿不小心把水杯up without any recriminating remarks from 打翻了。他和妻子并没有责备女her parents, she looked up and said, " You 儿～而是把水渍擦得干干净净。know, I really want to thank you guys for 女儿抬起头看着他们说:"谢谢爸not being like other parents. Most of my 爸妈妈:你们知道～我很多朋友friends' parents would have yelled at them 的父母在发生了这样的事时通常and given them a lecture about paying more 都会对孩子大嚷大叫～教训他们attention. Thanks for not doing that～" 要多加小心:而你们却不像他们 那样～我真的很感谢你们:" Once, when I was having dinner with some friends, a similar incident happened. 有一次～相似的事情在我的身Their five-year-old son knocked over a 上发生了。那天～我和几位朋友glass of milk at the dinner table. When 共进晚餐。他们5岁的儿子不小they immediately started in on him, I 心弄翻了桌子上的牛奶杯。朋友intentionally knocked my glass over, too. 夫妇开始齐声责备起他来。这时～When I started to explain how I still knock 我也故意把我的杯子碰翻了。于things over even at the age of 48, the boy 是我向朋友夫妇解释:我虽然48started to beam and the parents seemingly 岁了～也有打翻东西的时候。朋got the message and backed off. How easy 友夫妇似乎明白了我的意思～不it is to forget that we are all still 再生气地指责孩子～男孩子也愉learning. 快地微笑起来。瞧:我们是多么 容易忘记我们仍需要不断学习 呀: I recently heard a story about a famous 最近～我听到了一个关于一research scientist who had made several 位著名科学家的故事。这位科学very important medical breakthroughs. He 家在医学领域曾有过十分重要的was being interviewed by a newspaper 发现和突破。有个报社记者曾经reporter who asked him why he thought he 采访过他～问他为什么他会比一was able to be so much more creative than 般的人更有创造力～究竟是什么 33 the average person. 妙法使他能够超乎凡人呢, He responded that, in his opinion, it all 他说～在他看来～这一切都应came from an experience with his mother 与他两岁时母亲对发生在他身上that occurred when he was about two years 的事的处理方法有关。有一次～old. He had been trying to remove a bottle 他想自己尝试着从冰箱里拿一瓶of milk from the refrigerator when he lost 牛奶。可是瓶子太滑了～他没有his grip on the slippery bottle and it 抓住～牛奶瓶子掉在了地上～牛fell, spilling its contents all over the 奶溅得满地都是--看上去简直是kitchen floor -- a veritable sea of milk! 一片牛奶的海洋。 When his mother came into the kitchen， 他的母亲闻声连忙跑到厨房instead of yelling at him, giving him a 里来～可并没有对他大叫大嚷～lecture or punishing him, she said, " 也没有狠狠地教训或惩罚他～只Robert, what a great and wonderful mess you 是说:"哇:罗伯特:你制造的麻have made! I have rarely seen such a huge 烦可真是棒极了:我还从来没有puddle of milk. Well, the damage has 见过这么大的一汪牛奶呢:哎～already been done. Would you like to get 反正奶瓶已经摔碎了～那么在我down and play in the milk for a few minutes 们把它打扫干净以前～你想不想before we clean it up?" 在牛奶中玩几分钟呢," Indeed, he did. After a few minutes, his 听母亲这么一说～他真是高兴mother said, " You know, Robert, whenever 极了～立即在牛奶中玩将起来。you make a mess like this, eventually you 几分钟后～母亲对他说道:"罗伯have to clean it up and restore everything 特～你知道～今后～无论什么时to its proper order. So, how would you like 候～当你制造了像今天这样又脏to do that?We could use a sponge, a towel 又乱的场面时～你都必须要把它or a mop. Which do you prefer?" He chose 打扫干净～并且要把每件东西按the sponge and together they cleaned up the 原样放好。那么你打算怎么收拾 呢?我们可以用海绵、毛巾或者是spilled milk. 拖把来打扫。你想用哪一种呢," 他选择了海绵。很快～他们就一 起将那满地的牛奶打扫干净了。 His mother then said, " You know, what 然后～他的母亲又对他说:"we have here is a failed experiment in how 罗伯特～刚才～你所做的用你的to effectively carry a big milk bottle with 两只小手拿起大牛奶瓶子的试验two tiny hands. Let's go out in the back 已经失败了。现在我们到后院去～yard and fill the bottle with water and see 把瓶子装满水～看看你有没有办 34 if you can discover a way to carry it 法把它拿起来～而不让它掉下去。without dropping it." The little boy "小罗伯特很快就发现只要用双learned that if he grasped the bottle at 手抓住瓶子顶部、靠近瓶嘴的地the top near the lip with both hands, he 方～瓶子就不会从他的手中滑掉。could carry it without dropping it. What 这堂课真是棒极了: a wonderful lesson! 然后～这位著名的科学家说: This renowned scientist then remarked "从那时起～我知道我不必再害怕that it was at that moment that he knew he 犯任何错误～因为错误往往是学didn't need to be afraid to make mistakes. 习新知识的良机。科学实验也是Instead, he learned that mistakes were 这样～即使实验失败了～我们还just opportunities for learning something 是可以从中学到很多有价值的东new, which is, after all, what scientific 西?"; experiments are all about. Even if the experiment " doesn't work," we usually learn something valuable from it. Wouldn't it be great if all parents would 如果天下所有的父母都能像respond the way Robert's mother responded 罗伯特的母亲对待罗伯特那样来to him? 教育子女的话～那岂不是太好了 吗, One last story that illustrates the application of this attitude in an adult 最后～还有一个几年前曾经context was told on the radio several years 在收音机里说过的故事～它对于back. A young woman was driving home from 运用同样的态度处理我们成人之work when she snagged her fender on the 间的关系有着异曲同工之妙。故bumper of another car. She was in tears as 事说的是:一天～有个年轻的女she explained that it was a new car, only 子～在下班开车回家的路上不小a few days from the showroom. How was she 心与另外一辆车发生了碰撞～结ever going to explain the damaged car to 果～她的车挡泥板被撞坏了。她her husband? 泪流满面地说～这是一辆新车～ 刚刚买回来没几天～回家她该如 何向丈夫交代呢, The driver of the other car was 与之相撞的那辆车的司机满sympathetic, but explained that they must 怀同情但表示～他们应该记下彼note each other's license numbers and 此的驾驶执照和车牌号码。当这registration numbers. As the young woman 位年轻女子从棕色的大文件袋中reached into a large brown envelope to 取出有关文件时～一张纸条掉了retrieve the documents, a piece of paper 出来。只见上面用男人的笔迹写fell out. In a heavy masculine scrawl were 着:"如果发生事故……请记住～ 35 these words:" In case of accident ... 亲爱的～我爱的是你～不是车:" remember, honey, it's you I love, not the 让我们牢记:孩子的心灵比世car～" 上任何物质的东西都要重要:只 Let's remember that our children's 要我们永远牢记这一点～那么～spirits are more important than any 自尊和爱的花朵就会比花圃中的material things. When we do, self-esteem 任何花儿都开得灿烂、美丽: and love blossom will grow more By Jack Canfield ( Chicken Soup beautifully than any bed of flowers ever for the Soul could. 36