提纲式作文

提纲式作文 1． 对立观点式 A. 有人认为X 是好事，赞成X， 为什么？ B. 有人认为X 是坏事， 反对X，为什么？ C. 我的看法。 Some people are in favor of the idea of doing X. They point out the fact that 支持X 的第一个原因。They also argue that 支持X 的另一个原因。 However, other people stand on a different ground. They consider it harmful to do X. They firmly point out that 反对X 的第一个理由。 An example can give the details of this argument: There is some truth in both arguments. But I think the advantages of X overweigh the disadvantages. In addition to the above-mentioned negative effects it might bring about, X also may X 的有一个坏处。 --------------------------------------------------------------------- 2． 批驳观点式 A．一个错误观点。 B． 我不同意。 Many people argue that 错误观点。By saying that, they mean 对这个观点的进一步解释。An example they have presented is that 一个例子。(According to a survey performed by X on a group of Y, almost 80% of them 赞成这个错误观点或者受到这个错误观点的影响)。 There might be some element of truth in these people’s belief. But if we consider it in depth, we will feel no reservation to conclude that 与错误观点相反的观点。There are a number of reasons behind my belief. (以下参照辩的议论文写法)。 --------------------------------------------------------------------- 3． 社会问题(现象)式 A．一个社会问题或者现象 B． 产生的原因 C．对社会和我们生活的影响 D． 如何杜绝。(如果是问题的话) E． 前景的预测。 Nowadays, there exists an increasingly serious social/economic/environmental problem. (X has increasingly become a common concern of the public). According to a survey, 调查说明这种现象的情况。(或者是一个例子)。 There are a couple of reasons booming this problem/phenomenon.下面参照辩论式议论文写法。 X has caused substantial impact on the society and our daily life, which has been articulated in the following aspects. 参照辩论式议论文的写法。 A dozen of measures are supposed to take to prevent X from bringing us more harm. 同上 Based on the above discussions, I can easily forecast that more and more people will …….. --------------------------------------------------------------------- 辩论式作文 模块一 Some people believe (argue, recognize, think)that 观点1. But other people take an opposite side. They firmly believe that 观点2. As for me, I agree to the former/latter idea. There are a dozen of reasons behind my belief. First of all, 论据1. More importantly, 论据2. Most important of all, 论据3. In summary, 观点. As a college student, I am supposed to 决心.或:From above, we can predict that 预测. 模版二 People hold different views about X. Some people are of the opinion that 观点1, while others point out that 观点2. As far as I am concerned, the former/latter opinion holds more weight. For one thing, 论据1. For another, 论据2. Last but not the least, 论据3. To conclude, 总结观点. As a college student, I am supposed to 表决心. 或 From above, we can predict that 预测. 模版三 There is no consensus of opinions among people about X(争论的焦点)。Some people are of the view that 观点1，while others take an opposite side, firmly believing that 观点2。As far as I am concerned, the former/latter notion is preferable in many senses. The reasons are obvious. First of all, 论据1。 Furthermore, 论据2。 Among all of the supporting evidences, one is the strongest. That is, 论据3。 A natural conclusion from the above discussion is that总结观点。 As a college student, I am supposed to 表决心. 或 From above, we can predict that 预测. --------------------------------------------------------------------- 图表式作文 It is obvious in the graphic/table that the rate/number/amount of Y has undergone dramatic changes. It has gone up/grown/fallen/dropped considerably in recent years (as X varies). At the point of X1, Y reaches its peak value of …(多少). What is the reason for this change? Mainly there are … (多少)reasons behind the situation reflected in the graphic/table. First of all, …(第一个原因). More importantly, …(第二个原因). Most important of all, …(第三个原因). From the above discussions, we have enough reason to predict what will happen in the near future. The trend described in the graphic/table will continue for quite a long time (if necessary measures are not taken括号里的使用于那些不太好的变化趋势). --------------------------------------------------------------------- 原因式作文 Currently, XX has been the order of the day. This does demonstrate the theory --- nothing is more valuable than XX It is clear that (1). If you (2), as a result, your dreams will come true. On the contrary, if you (3). Failure will be following with you. It turns out that all your plan falls through. No one can deny another fact that (4).You don’t have to look very far to find out the truth, in respect that we all know (5).It will exert a profound influence upon (6).With reference to my standpoint, I think (7). 注释: 1:XX的第一个优点 2:支持XX的做法 3:不支持XX的做法 4:XX的第二个优点 5:举例证明优点二 6:说明XX优点三的影响第三天我写的相应作文: --------------------------------------------------------------------- In recent years, XX has caused a heated debate on (1). The factors for (2).First of all, (3).Then, there comes a case that (4). Moreover, (5). Especially when (6).Indeed, these unique points can be collected the remind people that (7).In this way, we should behave just like (8). --------------------------------------------------------------------- For most of us today, (1). From above, we can find that the reasons why (2)are as follows. The primary reason, I think, is (3).Second,(4). The third reason, actually, is (5).The significance for (6)。 Therefore. 注释: (1)人们针对XX的态度和举措 (2)归纳现状 (3)第一个原因 (4)第二个原因 (5)第三个原因 (6)重申造成现状的最重要原因 -------------------------------------------------------------------- These days we often hear that (1).It is common that (2). Why does such circumstance occur in spite of social protects? For one thing, (3).For another, (4). What is more, since (5),it is natural that (6 ).To solve the problem is not easy at all, but is worth trying. We should do something such as (7) to improve he present situation, and I do believe everything will be better in the future. 注释: (1)提出论题 (2)说明现状 (3)理由一 (4)理由二 (5)理由三 (6)理由三引起的后果 (7)解决 ------------------------------------------------------------------ 优秀作文 例文 　一 　　Direction: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition entitled Asking for Leave of Absence. You should write at least 120 words according to the following guidelines: 　　Your name and role : Sam , a sophomore in English Class Two 　　Your Foreign Teacher’s name : Ms.Riddle 　　Incident: you cannot come to her class for some reason 　　Task: write her a note , asking for leave of absence 　　Asking for Leave of Absence 　　To: Ms.Riddle , my dear Oral English teacher 　　From: Sam , a respectful sophomore student of yours in Oral English Class Two 　　Date : January 8,2005 　　Subject: Asking for Leave of Absence 　　Dear Ms.Riddle, 　　I would like to know if I could ask for a casual leave of absence from your Oral English class this Wednesday morning. 　　Yesterday evening I got a phone call from my cousin , who is now running a small firm in suburbs of this city . He needs an interpreter for two days but cannot find the most reliable person, so he wants me to have a try. Personally , I regard this as a golden opportunity to put what I have learned in your class into practice, but I need your permission of absence . If you think I may go and help him get over the difficulty, I am confident that I ‘ll do a good job and both of us will grateful. 　　Earnestly yours, 　　Sam 　　二 　　Direction: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition entitled On Power Failure. You should write at least 120 words according to the following guidelines(given in Chinese): 　　1.很多城市缺电现象严重 　　2.分析原因 　　3.提出建议 　　On Power Failure 　　Recently, every morning when I wake up, I find my air-conditioner automatically turned off . I didn’t understand why at first , but soon I learned that there was a great shortage of electricity supply in our city – my air-conditioner turned off because of a power failure midnight. 　　With the rapidly developing industry and the ever-increasing population, demand for electricity supply is soaring. Besides, summers in recent years are much hotter than before , so most working places and households are air-conditioned , which consumes additional electricity. 　　Face with such a hard nut , we have to find ways to crack it . Above all , in western areas China , there is surplus of electricity supply. So , cities that are thirsty for electricity may ask for remote help. Then ,when we have electricity , we should remember to save it . Set your air-conditioners at 27C and you won’t feel less comfortable than when they are at 26C . In fact , some factories already shift their working hours to avoid the peak time of electricity consuming. My parents don’t work from Monday to Friday as before – they work form Saturday to Wednesday and have the following two days off instead. This is also a way out , isn’t it? 　　三 　　假期即将到来，你(付萍)打算做一次为期三周的旅行，希望找个外国朋友作为游伴(Travel-mate)。拟一个寻游伴的启示，交代清楚日程安排、费用分担情况、对对方的要求，说明对方和你一起出游的好处。 　　Travel-mate Wanted 　　I’m a 19-year-old female sophomore named Fu Ping. I hereby earnestly invite a foreign young lady—college student preferred—to make a three – week touring trip with me. 　　My plan is to set off next weekend, when the summer vacation officially begins. The first stop is Kunming, the world-renowned city for its beauty and mild temperature. We’ll get there by train and stay there for 2 days, and then we’ll head for Jinggangshan, a former revolutionary base as well as a natural beauty spot. After a 3-day visit there , we will take a long-distance coach to a nearby port city by the Changjiang River and board a downstream ship to Shanghai, so that we can enjoy the great scenery alongside the third longest river in the world. As everybody knows, Shanghai is the busiest and fastest developing city in China. I’d like to have a look at its prosperity, so the stay there will be about half a week. And a famous Chinese saying goes, ”Just as there is Paradise in heaven, there are Suzhou and Hangzhou on Earth ”, so a 4-day visit to these two cities near Shanghai is must. All together, our trip will last about three weeks. 　　I only expect that my travel-mate could split the expenses with me and talk with me in beautiful English, and I would be an excellent guide for her since I major in tourist guiding. 　　Those interested please contact me either through email (fuping@126.com) or phone call (52222221) . 　　四 　　Suppose you are required to write a Want Ad for the Dean. You are supposed to base this ad on the outline given below: 　　Student Consultant to the Dean Wanted 　　Duties: meeting with students; presenting oral and written reports; attending sessions 　　Requirements: full-time student with a strong sense of responsibility 　　Salary: 6000RMB an academic year 　　Time Commitment : 15h weekly 　　Deadline: Dec.23; to Li Meng 74543322 　　The office of Dean of students is looking for a Student Consultant to the Dean for the upcoming academic year. 　　Duties of this position will include: meeting with students as individuals and groups to discuss issues, opinions , problems ,complains suggestions and recommendations regarding all areas of college policy; presenting regularly oral and written reports to the Dean of students; and attending various college sessions in the capacity as the student spokesperson. 　　Candidates should be full-time students of this college. The ideal applicant will be skilled in report writing and oral communication;will get along with other individuals; and will demonstrate a strong sense of responsibility. 　　The salary of this position is 6000 RMB an academic year, and the time required for this job is 15 hours a week. Applicants can make a telephone call to Li Meng before Dec.23. The phone number is 74543322 五 　　Away from Net-bar Campaign 　　1.新闻媒体披露，徐州某中学1000多名学生签名，庄严承诺“远离网吧” 　　2.分析“远离网吧”运动的原因 　　3.作出对比的评论 　　Away from Net-bar Campaign 　　It has been reported that a middle school in Xuzhou City has recently launched a campaign named “Away from Net-bar”. More than a thousand students have signed for their solemn promise that they will not spend a single minute in the net-bars. With the nearing of the summer vacation, this campaign is especially meaningful for the healthy development of the minors. 　　The internet has brought people great convenience in getting information, entertainment and contact with others, and it has also benefited some businessmen, especially the owner of net-bars. While it is true that most net-bars are running legally, it is also true that some are offering unhealthy programs that involve violence and sex content. Since most middle school students are prone to be influenced and they can hardly tell which bars are doing well and which ones are not, it is only advisable that they stay away from all. Besides , staying away from net-bars also does good to students’ physical health. By passively sitting too long in front of the computer screen, both their eyesight and physique suffer. 　　Obviously , the Away from Net-bars Campaign is an activity that is worth advocating and it merits other schools’ reference 　　六 　　Online Education 　　1.目前网络教育形成热潮 　　2.我认为这股热潮的的原因是…… 　　3.我对网络教育的评价 　　Being online is no longer something strange in our life. To some degree, it has become part of our daily life. We can do a lot of things online, such as searching for information and communicating with friends far and near. But recently another helpful online activity has become very “in”. That is online education. 　　Why could online education be so popular within such a short period of time? Among other reasons, the quick development of the internet should be an essential one, which makes all our dreams of attending class in the distance possible. Another underlying reason is the quick development of both society and technology. Today ,modern science and technology is developing with lightening speed. To catch up with this development we all feel an urgent and strong desire to study. However , due to the great pace of modern society , many people are too busy to study full time at school. Online education just comes to their aid. 　　Personally , I appreciate this new form of education. It’s indeed a helpful complement to the traditional educational means. It can provide different learners with more flexible and versatile ways of learning. Most of all ,with online education, we can sick to our jobs and at the same time study and absorb the latest knowledge. 　　七 　　Air Pollution 　　根据所给的题目和下面的关键词，写一篇120个词左右的短文： 　　health , surrounded by , smog , anything but , gases , impurities , absorb , poisonous , try hard , blacked out 　　We all know that clean air is important to good health. Wherever you go and whatever you do, you are always surrounded by a sea of gases that we call air. If there are impurities in the air, they may be absorbed by our bodies and make us ill. We need clean air, but unfortunately , air pollution is globally present , especially in cities. 　　Many large cities are anything but pollution-free. Our cities have many factories, which we need to make food, clothing and other things. Every year these factories pour millions upon millions of tons of smog into air. Power plants and houses that burn coal add greatly to air pollution. Besides , there are more cars in cities now. Once out on the streets, they will take in fresh air and replace it with poisonous gases. 　　Our country is trying hard to prevent and control air pollution. As long as every citizen also realizes its importance and makes join efforts, the day will come soon when people will take in only clean air. Then , the sunlight will no longer be blackened out by smoke and soot. 　　八 　　Direction: Read the following ad carefully , and you, by name of Wang Peng , are then asked to write a reply to apply for the job. Remember to send your letter to the company as given in the ad. You should write about 120 words. 　　中国四达国际经济技术合作公司(CSCIETC)诚聘文秘一员，要求如下： 　　年龄20—30岁，大专以上学历 　　流利的英语听说读写能力 　　熟练的计算机操作能力 　　良好的沟通和协调能力 　　有外企工作经验者优先 　　应聘者请将简历、联系方式以及待遇要求寄至：上海市淮海中路8560号揽盛大厦人力资源部收。邮编200033 　　Department of Human Resources 　　Lansheng Building 　　No. 8560 , Huaihai Zhong Road 　　Shanghai , 200033 　　Wang Peng 　　No.31020, Zhongshan Road 　　Xu Hui District 　　Shanghai , 200076 　　January 8th, 2005 　　Dear Sir or Madam, 　　I learned from Beijing Youth Daily Jan.2 that your company is offering a position for a secretary, and it’s a great pleasure for me to write to explore the possibility of seeking the job. 　　I graduated two years form ** University, and obtained a bachelor’s degree in the field of business management. During my stay in the university my major courses included macro-economics , business communication skills marketing and computer applications. I was especially fond of the communication skills which enabled me to deal with people and thing around well. 　　Upon graduation I engaged with HP China Branch as an assistant to the head of Marketing Department. My responsibilities consisted of carrying out market surveys, writing reports and organizing meetings within the department. This is two-year experience has helped me a lot in many ways. In particular, I become increasingly aware of the importance of co-ordination and co-operation among co-workers. I also believe the experience will qualify me for the current vacancy in your company. 　　I passed CET-6 with high marks. My spoken English is also fluent enough to organize meetings in English , which was actually my routine work in HP. Most of my market reports were presented in English , as my former boss is a native English speaker. 　　I enclose herein my resume and some relevant documents as required. And if you need any further information on me, I also refer you to Mr.Johnson, my ex-colleague, who is available at 021-66668888. 　　I appreciate your sincere consideration of me, and am looking forward to an early interview with you. 　　Sincerely yours, 　　Wang Peng 　　九 　　To Be a small Fish in a Big Pond or a Big Fish in a Small Pond? 　　1.在大企业工作的特点 　　2.在小企业工作的特点 　　3.我的选择 　　Just as there are 　　distinct differences between being a small fish is a big pond and a big fish in a small pond, so it is with working as a subordinate in a large enterprise and presiding in a small firm. 　　With the former, you can derive a deep sense of satisfaction from being a member of a well-known organization such as General Motors, or the Bell Telephone System. You have the opportunities of learning from experienced executives and knowing about the standard working process. 　　With the latter, you have greater responsibilities and your decision may bring immediate effect. Normally you are expose to various experiences and expected to do a great many thing without much help or guidance. 　　Personally I prefer to work in a small enterprise, where my prospect of promotion is good as long as I work hard. To tell the truth , I’d rather become a well-known and important figure within my own small pond. 　　十 　　Styles of Living 　　1.有些人愿意和父母居住在一起 　　2.有些人想自己独立居住 　　3.我的看法 　　Some people enjoy living together with their parents after they have grown up. They hold the opinion because , living with parents , they can take better care of their parents and vice versa. Meanwhile , they can turn to their parents for help if they get into trouble or have some difficulties. To them, life in a big family seems to be more enjoyable than that in a small family. 　　Others, however , prefer to live separately. They cherish the idea to be independent of their parents, seek more freedom and wish to have a place of their own, in which they can do what they like. Bedsides , they don’t want to be overprotected by their parents but long for chance to face the society by themselves. 　　As to me , I like an independent life style in spite of the fact I love my parents. Different generations have different life styles and values. What one generations likes may not be another generation’s fondness. Living separately , each generation can