大姨吗 ,辣妈帮等鲜活案例,APP推广沙龙精华

大姨吗 ,辣妈帮等鲜活案例,APP推广沙龙精华 大姨吗 ，辣妈帮等鲜活案例，APP推广沙龙精华 移动端产品新上线，首选Ios or 安卓,怎么推广APP,如何满足核心用户,最初的100万用户怎么来的,如何做口碑,等等这些问在本文中大姨吗的COO二卓，节操精选的推广负责人节操菌，辣妈帮的市场总监杨俐，去哪儿的商务总监陈艳 ，人脉通VP杨沛均有解读。 大姨吗 COO 二卓 邀请二卓来之前，看到过关于他们的一些资料。其中，创始团队一群汉子，却决定转型做女性，而且还是垂直的管理女孩子“大姨妈”的个性应用，顿时十分好奇。更难得的是，他们家的数据非常赞。 1、移动端产品新上线，首选Ios or 安卓? 大姨吗是先安卓后Ios，因为前者的渠道更可控，一旦发现问题，可以更快速的迭代; 2、安卓市场的推广:广撒网(通过百度搜索，把所有的渠道都上传文件包。)——这一点上，目前未必适用，因为目前主要的量已经是来自几个有限的大渠道); 常态的应用渠道的合作; 要重视换量并要搭建换量的管理平台，刚开始自己输出的量不多，没关系，记下来，慢慢换给对方; 不过，对于这一点，我有些疑虑，因为，虽然很多APP早期会倾向于换量，但大人力的投入，会看到两个结果，一是许多APP其实回量并不现实，原因下面嘉宾会继续提到，就是因为有些app并不贴切自己，导致无效果。二是如果自己产品不好一直起不来，那么换量也不可行。换句话说:换量的窗口期最多可能3个月。 对于这点，投入几个人力在换量上，投入产出比可能会很不好。很不好。 3、在产品的上线最初，就是要量，所以要展开和产品相关的一切APP的合作(指换量)，但在有较大用来积累的时候，要回归产品的本身:用户为何要用你的产品? -关于推送: 唤醒用户是结果，但推送的目的不应该是唤醒用户，而是给mix carefully, 30 min at 60 ? c water bath for heating and cooling. Slowly along the tube wall and l0 mL ethanol solution of potassium hydroxide, which makes two liquid layers, stuffed, shaking violently mixed and placed 10min. 1cm Cuvette, reagent blank zero, and 440nm wavelength absorbance measurement. 5, results of calculationsaAcid, shake carefully 5min, began to shake when deflated. Static hierarchy, discard sulfate layer, add 50 mL of sulfuric acid repeat treatment once. the benzene layer is moved into another separatory funnel, washed three times with water, and then by the dehydration of anhydrous sodium sulfate, collected with a glass distillation apparatus distillation distillation liquid. Dinitrophenylhydrazine solution: weigh 50mg 2-4 one or two Nitrophenylhydrazine, l000mL solution in benzene. Trichloroacetic acid solution: weigh the 4 solid three acid 3 g, plus 100mL benzene dissolved. Ethanol solutions of potassium hydroxide: weigh 4 g of potassium hydroxide, and refining ethanol 100 mL dissolve, cold dark night-get upper clear fluid. Solution Brown should be prepared again. 3, instruments spectrophotometer. Precision weighing about 0.025g~0 4, analysis steps. Placed in a 25mL bottle of 5 g sample, plus benzene dissolved sample and dilute to scale. Lessons learned 5.0 mL, placed in a 25 mL test tubes, plus 3mL TCA solution and 5 mL2,4-Dinitrophenylhydrazine solution, shake and mix carefully, 30 min at 60 ? c water bath for heating and cooling. Slowly along the tube 用户有用的东西;为了给用户需要的东西所以选择推送于是得到了一个好的结果:用户被激活了。 -如何提高用户使用频次:女性生理期以月为单位，所以有用户就一个月来一次，那么我们就将这个生理期切成不同的阶段，提供给用户不同阶段的; 想避孕的、想怀孕的都可以根据自己的需求来这里看到不同的内容;针对不同群体的宣传环境中，也要注意对产品的不同介绍，例如你总不能跑到”想怀还怀不上的用户群体里“将”大姨妈可以帮你如何安全避孕“; 4、最初的100万用户从哪里来? -从一条条对用户的认真服务中来:不仅要认真回复用户对产品的反馈(是否有bug等)，重视每一个反馈，并在产品上进行改进，另外要解答用户关于生理的专业知识(他们自己找专家、买书去努力回答用户的任何一个问题)，这是专业服务的范，也是最苦的事情。一个用户搞定了，妹子们都以群分，于是就出现了一个女生把一个寝室里、一个办公室的闺蜜们都拉到大姨吗上的现象; -针对安卓渠道，一个一个渠道的挖掘，把所有能察觉到的免费资源都要用尽:每个月哪些渠道?做几场活动?什么主题?一点一点的抠下来; -产品功能!!核心功能满足用户的需求，借助安卓上多个版本的迭代，然后使IOS版的品质好很多，所以一上线，就引爆了一部分之前基于口碑而知道大姨吗但未能安装的用户，也很幸运，又得到了苹果的推荐 5、 如何面对竞争:反思产品重于反思渠道 -差异化;必须反思自己的产品; -渠道上的压力:为了避免用户的流失(因为竞品在上面)，所以的确也只能也会考虑去投放一些广告; 二卓还提到一个关键点，就是用户的使用时间轴线。 也就说，大姨妈一个月只有一次来，那么其他时间去干嘛呢?有些怀孕了的准妈妈就不再看这个了，去了别的应用怎么办? 二卓划了一根直线，将用户不同的使用阶段放置在这根直线上，以此来:1、mix carefully, 30 min at 60 ? c water bath for heating and cooling. Slowly along the tube wall and l0 mL ethanol solution of potassium hydroxide, which makes two liquid layers, stuffed, shaking violently mixed and placed 10min. 1cm Cuvette, reagent blank zero, and 440nm wavelength absorbance measurement. 5, results of calculationsaAcid, shake carefully 5min, began to shake when deflated. Static hierarchy, discard sulfate layer, add 50 mL of sulfuric acid repeat treatment once. the benzene layer is moved into another separatory funnel, washed three times with water, and then by the dehydration of anhydrous sodium sulfate, collected with a glass distillation apparatus distillation distillation liquid. Dinitrophenylhydrazine solution: weigh 50mg 2-4 one or two Nitrophenylhydrazine, l000mL solution in benzene. Trichloroacetic acid solution: weigh the 4 solid three acid 3 g, plus 100mL benzene dissolved. Ethanol solutions of potassium hydroxide: weigh 4 g of potassium hydroxide, and refining ethanol 100 mL dissolve, cold dark night-get upper clear fluid. Solution Brown should be prepared again. 3, instruments spectrophotometer. Precision weighing about 0.025g~0 4, analysis steps. Placed in a 25mL bottle of 5 g sample, plus benzene dissolved sample and dilute to scale. Lessons learned 5.0 mL, placed in a 25 mL test tubes, plus 3mL TCA solution and 5 mL2,4-Dinitrophenylhydrazine solution, shake and mix carefully, 30 min at 60 ? c water bath for heating and cooling. Slowly along the tube 设置功能点，这样会不至于一股脑压给用户，导致app臃肿，二、埋入并满足下一个环节的基础功能，以能吸引用户留下，不至于不再回来。 那根时间线没拍。当是现场福利吧。 节操精选 推广负责人 节操菌 分享者蔡纯菌是小鲜肉，小鲜肉同学提到了节操精选的用户特点。简单重复无太多意义，大家自行脑补网上流传的90后用户行为特点就好，基本都一样。不过从中感受到什么?如下: 简单的定位90后是不够的，需要更精准的定位到他们可能会在什么时候用你的产品(场景化)。这是什么意思?也就是说，过去定义用户的玩法是不够用的，还要定义场景、定义他的状态。 那么针对这样的群体， 节操是怎么运营的? -渠道+品牌:要关注品牌推广，借助社交媒体，让品牌有高曝光; -换量第一优先权!!! ，自己量小，别怕!慢慢还!(记得刚才二卓也在讲这个吗?而且是应用刚出来就要有一个换量系统，不然没法过日子。嗯，产品同学，这是非常关键的商务需求，还请满足，不要推辞说没时间没价值了。) -抓大放小:关注大渠道，放弃小渠道;(上期沙龙中，另一个90后鲜肉阿当说，放大渠道，抓小渠道，因为小渠道才会更重视主动过来的合作)。 -产品要快速迭代:一个新移动互联网产品最多只有一年的新鲜期，如果一年之内没有确立市场地位，后面就会难上加难; -渠道节奏:理解产品，定出渠道推广的，每个月的活动?渠道的专题策划，等等; -口碑&回流:做H5的网站，通过这种形式，把产品好的内容有机会散播出去，然后带回来用户，通过这种形式带回来的用户质量都很高，目前通过这种形式带回来的用户还在20%; 所以一定要重视H5网站; -活动+产品:策划活动，至少要满足一个条件，满足物质需求(奖品)或好玩/开心;尤其是后者，传播性很强，并且成本低; 节操菌还提到几个很容易被忽略的东东: mix carefully, 30 min at 60 ? c water bath for heating and cooling. Slowly along the tube wall and l0 mL ethanol solution of potassium hydroxide, which makes two liquid layers, stuffed, shaking violently mixed and placed 10min. 1cm Cuvette, reagent blank zero, and 440nm wavelength absorbance measurement. 5, results of calculationsaAcid, shake carefully 5min, began to shake when deflated. Static hierarchy, discard sulfate layer, add 50 mL of sulfuric acid repeat treatment once. the benzene layer is moved into another separatory funnel, washed three times with water, and then by the dehydration of anhydrous sodium sulfate, collected with a glass distillation apparatus distillation distillation liquid. Dinitrophenylhydrazine solution: weigh 50mg 2-4 one or two Nitrophenylhydrazine, l000mL solution in benzene. Trichloroacetic acid solution: weigh the 4 solid three acid 3 g, plus 100mL benzene dissolved. Ethanol solutions of potassium hydroxide: weigh 4 g of potassium hydroxide, and refining ethanol 100 mL dissolve, cold dark night-get upper clear fluid. Solution Brown should be prepared again. 3, instruments spectrophotometer. Precision weighing about 0.025g~0 4, analysis steps. Placed in a 25mL bottle of 5 g sample, plus benzene dissolved sample and dilute to scale. Lessons learned 5.0 mL, placed in a 25 mL test tubes, plus 3mL TCA solution and 5 mL2,4-Dinitrophenylhydrazine solution, shake and mix carefully, 30 min at 60 ? c water bath for heating and cooling. Slowly along the tube 1、早期商务，尤其是冷启动时期，和品牌、运营、客服有很大关系。这个在刚才二卓的介绍中也再次被强调; 2、节操与大姨吗，都做了一个事情，那就是应用用最小可实现单元丢出去，去验证是不是可行。结果是，用户买账，于是再继续投入大，继续做。要知道，节操精选之前不是做这个，是做“声声”，做的过程中丢了一个小测试类单元，此后再转型做的节操精选。 3、节操很重视最终页，也就是内容的扩散。因此他们雕琢H5页面花了很长时间，实际上H5的扩散一度早期占到70%的下载，现在下降到了20%。那可能是因为下载的来源和渠道更多了，引起占比下降。之前我们在《社交红利》书中分享的唱吧和啪啪的案例，也是非常重视最终页，“以终为始”。 不过，这只是一个参考，因为大姨吗类就没法用，他们反而要很重视隐私，所以内容要私密，服务要私密，为此还要不断踢出那些伪装来了大姨妈的男性用户:)哈哈。 辣妈帮 市场总监 杨俐 杨俐媒体8年，再转型做商务、市场。因此，她的打法和其他人截然不同。比如，其他人都强调:数据数据、模型模型、产品产品。她不理，我估计她连投入产出都不怎么去计算。因为这一类人有一个特点:一旦动，几乎不花钱，而效果都很好。对，比如我虽然老是强调数据，但其实组织一个沙龙还真就没怎么花钱和花时间，顺手而为。曾经为媒体而保留的优点之一。 辣妈帮的成绩:日活40%; 每一个帮里任何时候去看，最新的最前的10贴是在10秒中上传的; 创造的成绩:2014年1月11日，全国同时近百个城市同一条由辣妈帮的粉丝们举办的辣妈帮年会、最高规模是300多人，最少是36人;辣妈帮的开支就是背景板和海报资料;其他所有开支由粉丝自行全部承担。 -产品的痛点是什么? 辣妈帮在运营用户的存在感;整个运营团队六个人，运营着这个1500万的市场、内容、PR、营销、渠道等;一切的运营、策划都围绕着用户的存在感展mix carefully, 30 min at 60 ? c water bath for heating and cooling. Slowly along the tube wall and l0 mL ethanol solution of potassium hydroxide, which makes two liquid layers, stuffed, shaking violently mixed and placed 10min. 1cm Cuvette, reagent blank zero, and 440nm wavelength absorbance measurement. 5, results of calculationsaAcid, shake carefully 5min, began to shake when deflated. Static hierarchy, discard sulfate layer, add 50 mL of sulfuric acid repeat treatment once. the benzene layer is moved into another separatory funnel, washed three times with water, and then by the dehydration of anhydrous sodium sulfate, collected with a glass distillation apparatus distillation distillation liquid. Dinitrophenylhydrazine solution: weigh 50mg 2-4 one or two Nitrophenylhydrazine, l000mL solution in benzene. Trichloroacetic acid solution: weigh the 4 solid three acid 3 g, plus 100mL benzene dissolved. Ethanol solutions of potassium hydroxide: weigh 4 g of potassium hydroxide, and refining ethanol 100 mL dissolve, cold dark night-get upper clear fluid. Solution Brown should be prepared again. 3, instruments spectrophotometer. Precision weighing about 0.025g~0 4, analysis steps. Placed in a 25mL bottle of 5 g sample, plus benzene dissolved sample and dilute to scale. Lessons learned 5.0 mL, placed in a 25 mL test tubes, plus 3mL TCA solution and 5 mL2,4-Dinitrophenylhydrazine solution, shake and mix carefully, 30 min at 60 ? c water bath for heating and cooling. Slowly along the tube 开，时刻记住目标;获得的回报:一个用户曾经拉回了5000多个新用户; -引导用户创造有价值的内容: 辣妈帮有一系列的是用于引导用户创造有价值的内容，甚至抓住“女人的贪婪、攀比、爱占便宜、爱八卦”等的天性，让部分用户通过辣妈帮找到商机。 但，她也提到了大家最容易忽略的几个东东。 一是她回答了大姨吗二卓讲到最后的那个隐藏问题:如何做，才能让姑娘们一个进来后就拉进全部的宿舍、办公室的其他姑娘? 杨俐的是“社群运营”。比如，她反复提到:很多妈妈自己组织下午茶、年会，官方要办她们还争抢将大会落在自己的城市。这其实就是无数个自发组织起来的社群，自我满足，自我滚动。 还有自我发展。社群运营最主要的一点就是大家会互相拉入更多的朋友，然后分裂出更多的小社群。看，这一点就是媒体出身的人的大优点。 二是，她也通过自己的分享，提出了一个新的有价值的命题: 不管是辣妈帮，还是大姨吗，都有一个人群:一个妈妈拉入了其他的妈妈、组织了许多次下午茶，一个姑娘拉入了更多的姑娘，那么，这些热心妈妈、热心姑娘，是如何找到的?如何浮现出来的? 我在《社交红利》修订升级版一书里，用了“大节点”来形容这些用户。这两位嘉宾的分享就是最好的例子。那么，你要如何做，让这些热心的有大能量的用户自动冒出来为我们拉下载拉新增拉活跃?这些就是种子用户。第一，服务好这些群体，给其提供使用价值;第二，互动好这些用户，获得其精神层面的认可，让其对产品产生情感;第三，让用户参与到产品成长中，让其有存在感和参与感，对产品产生主人翁意识。 去哪儿 商务总监 陈艳 陈艳是十足十的老互联网人，也曾创业过。 mix carefully, 30 min at 60 ? c water bath for heating and cooling. Slowly along the tube wall and l0 mL ethanol solution of potassium hydroxide, which makes two liquid layers, stuffed, shaking violently mixed and placed 10min. 1cm Cuvette, reagent blank zero, and 440nm wavelength absorbance measurement. 5, results of calculationsaAcid, shake carefully 5min, began to shake when deflated. Static hierarchy, discard sulfate layer, add 50 mL of sulfuric acid repeat treatment once. the benzene layer is moved into another separatory funnel, washed three times with water, and then by the dehydration of anhydrous sodium sulfate, collected with a glass distillation apparatus distillation distillation liquid. Dinitrophenylhydrazine solution: weigh 50mg 2-4 one or two Nitrophenylhydrazine, l000mL solution in benzene. Trichloroacetic acid solution: weigh the 4 solid three acid 3 g, plus 100mL benzene dissolved. Ethanol solutions of potassium hydroxide: weigh 4 g of potassium hydroxide, and refining ethanol 100 mL dissolve, cold dark night-get upper clear fluid. Solution Brown should be prepared again. 3, instruments spectrophotometer. Precision weighing about 0.025g~0 4, analysis steps. Placed in a 25mL bottle of 5 g sample, plus benzene dissolved sample and dilute to scale. Lessons learned 5.0 mL, placed in a 25 mL test tubes, plus 3mL TCA solution and 5 mL2,4-Dinitrophenylhydrazine solution, shake and mix carefully, 30 min at 60 ? c water bath for heating and cooling. Slowly along the tube 1、目前去哪儿: 过亿的用户、安卓成本低于RMB1块钱;IOS不超过RMB2块钱。还有一点，去哪儿规定，任何新增的用户，成本必须要低于他在这里的ARPU值。嗯，后一条足够限定大规模的投入成本，让商务负责人每天揪心的很，必须各种测算。 2、渠道运营要注意: 2-1 曝光:logo:展现要简单明了、标题、要仔细分析每一个行为、变化、位置所带来的流量变化，以建立数据模型; 2-2 搜索:要了解所有安卓渠道的搜索规则:下载量、标题/副标题(否则就是直接抓取应用内的内容)、应用简介; 2-3 要勤奋:例如在渠道里做竞价排名时:一般情况下周一-周五 早上10-晚7，都很贵，为什么?因为所有渠道的人都在上班啊，那么我就晚上12点起来调价格，那个时候就会便宜一点，即使只是几分钱，放在大盘里，也是一个很可观的费用; 这个补充下，其实不光是勤奋，还有对数据曲线的敏感。移动和PC的高峰曲线不同。PC时代是早9点高峰，到了无线就是晚9点晚10点高峰，到了要睡觉的时候大家也不睡觉，流量也不低。 2-4 任何付费的投放，渠道都想作弊，所以在计划付费投放前，请先做好自己的技术监控、结算后台准备; 2-5 关注由官网过来的用户，他们是真心因为产品的内容/质量而来的; 2-6 cpa，建立有效的数据模型，用市场或官网的数据指标作对比;换量伙伴的精准选择:结合用户群体、使用场景、用户基数等进行最优判断。 记得刚才节操精选也在讲要注意H5页面吗?也是在强调官网的价值，又在去哪儿陈艳这里再次得到印证。大抵，好的做法，都在不同的优秀的团队中，得到反复验证。 另外，刚说换量，去哪儿和大姨吗换过，几乎无价值，但是节操精选和大姨吗换，就很好。这就是用户群和APP定位的差异。往往，我们兴冲冲奔着一个号称几千万用户的大APP去换量，结果很惨淡，并不是谁不好，答案正是两个APP可能不贴切。那么，没关系，继续找。也是因为这个，我mix carefully, 30 min at 60 ? c water bath for heating and cooling. Slowly along the tube wall and l0 mL ethanol solution of potassium hydroxide, which makes two liquid layers, stuffed, shaking violently mixed and placed 10min. 1cm Cuvette, reagent blank zero, and 440nm wavelength absorbance measurement. 5, results of calculationsaAcid, shake carefully 5min, began to shake when deflated. Static hierarchy, discard sulfate layer, add 50 mL of sulfuric acid repeat treatment once. the benzene layer is moved into another separatory funnel, washed three times with water, and then by the dehydration of anhydrous sodium sulfate, collected with a glass distillation apparatus distillation distillation liquid. Dinitrophenylhydrazine solution: weigh 50mg 2-4 one or two Nitrophenylhydrazine, l000mL solution in benzene. Trichloroacetic acid solution: weigh the 4 solid three acid 3 g, plus 100mL benzene dissolved. Ethanol solutions of potassium hydroxide: weigh 4 g of potassium hydroxide, and refining ethanol 100 mL dissolve, cold dark night-get upper clear fluid. Solution Brown should be prepared again. 3, instruments spectrophotometer. Precision weighing about 0.025g~0 4, analysis steps. Placed in a 25mL bottle of 5 g sample, plus benzene dissolved sample and dilute to scale. Lessons learned 5.0 mL, placed in a 25 mL test tubes, plus 3mL TCA solution and 5 mL2,4-Dinitrophenylhydrazine solution, shake and mix carefully, 30 min at 60 ? c water bath for heating and cooling. Slowly along the tube 才在二卓那的纪要中提到，对于应用早期，这个人力压力是非常厉害的，效果可能出的不会那么明显。 陈艳的风格，和上期沙龙中，点心朱颖、搜狐新闻客户端曾繁梅、魔漫黄光明的分享也在相互验证。比如，背后都有一套完善的系统，负责人都在死扣每一个数据，将每一个环节都优化优化再优化。 她上来后往下砸的这些东东非常非常过瘾，好多人在结束沙龙后反复提:下次沙龙能不能请这位妹子，还有上次沙龙的那几位妹子汉子，再一起深入讲讲? 嗯，有机会，我一定再邀约。 人脉通 VP 杨沛 嗯，杨沛是新增的分享嘉宾，因为来的一些报名听众，有很多是垂直应用，这类推广光听那些基数大覆盖面广的应用的分享，迟早会被带到沟里去。人脉通此刻B轮，用户500万，很难的商务类应用做的风生水起。正好可做借鉴。感谢杨沛，他从上海自掏腰包过来。 第一招:他们从展会上搜集了很多名片。。。然后，也利用这些名片也找到更多名片。。。这个是用户启动的第一法子(线下途径寻找用户)。至于怎么用，应该就是运营的事情，作为基础用户应该不差。 第二招:他们为一些展会公司订做了专门的app(但更多是一个APP不同的壳)，提供给到不同展会公司使用，这也为自己带来了1个月30万 他也提到了“一个商务的自我修养”，当作参考 1、商务每天面对的是四类资源:预算、用户、人脉、信息;你要让这些资源在你身上流动起来，而不是简单的想着预算、或是想着去跑渠道，必须要多想，路子要野;现场介绍了好几个案例， 例如换量，他不是两家公司之间的换量，而是将所有相关的APP和在一个大群里，借助自己的人脉资源，然后A换B，B换了C， C换到了A; 甚至一个极致的例子，因为帮某渠道挖到了一个人，换回了7天的广告位。 2、解决关键人:和他们成为30年的朋友;而不是3个月的合作; 3、一定要有自己的核心圈:成为圈子里有影响力的人! mix carefully, 30 min at 60 ? c water bath for heating and cooling. Slowly along the tube wall and l0 mL ethanol solution of potassium hydroxide, which makes two liquid layers, stuffed, shaking violently mixed and placed 10min. 1cm Cuvette, reagent blank zero, and 440nm wavelength absorbance measurement. 5, results of calculationsaAcid, shake carefully 5min, began to shake when deflated. Static hierarchy, discard sulfate layer, add 50 mL of sulfuric acid repeat treatment once. the benzene layer is moved into another separatory funnel, washed three times with water, and then by the dehydration of anhydrous sodium sulfate, collected with a glass distillation apparatus distillation distillation liquid. Dinitrophenylhydrazine solution: weigh 50mg 2-4 one or two Nitrophenylhydrazine, l000mL solution in benzene. Trichloroacetic acid solution: weigh the 4 solid three acid 3 g, plus 100mL benzene dissolved. Ethanol solutions of potassium hydroxide: weigh 4 g of potassium hydroxide, and refining ethanol 100 mL dissolve, cold dark night-get upper clear fluid. Solution Brown should be prepared again. 3, instruments spectrophotometer. Precision weighing about 0.025g~0 4, analysis steps. Placed in a 25mL bottle of 5 g sample, plus benzene dissolved sample and dilute to scale. Lessons learned 5.0 mL, placed in a 25 mL test tubes, plus 3mL TCA solution and 5 mL2,4-Dinitrophenylhydrazine solution, shake and mix carefully, 30 min at 60 ? c water bath for heating and cooling. Slowly along the tube 4、你一定要成为一个全栈的商务，一定要懂产品;(每天拿出20%的时间去 思考行业):对着商务谈产品;对着产品谈产品顺便加入点商务。 mix carefully, 30 min at 60 ? c water bath for heating and cooling. Slowly along the tube wall and l0 mL ethanol solution of potassium hydroxide, which makes two liquid layers, stuffed, shaking violently mixed and placed 10min. 1cm Cuvette, reagent blank zero, and 440nm wavelength absorbance measurement. 5, results of calculationsaAcid, shake carefully 5min, began to shake when deflated. Static hierarchy, discard sulfate layer, add 50 mL of sulfuric acid repeat treatment once. the benzene layer is moved into another separatory funnel, washed three times with water, and then by the dehydration of anhydrous sodium sulfate, collected with a glass distillation apparatus distillation distillation liquid. Dinitrophenylhydrazine solution: weigh 50mg 2-4 one or two Nitrophenylhydrazine, l000mL solution in benzene. Trichloroacetic acid solution: weigh the 4 solid three acid 3 g, plus 100mL benzene dissolved. Ethanol solutions of potassium hydroxide: weigh 4 g of potassium hydroxide, and refining ethanol 100 mL dissolve, cold dark night-get upper clear fluid. Solution Brown should be prepared again. 3, instruments spectrophotometer. Precision weighing about 0.025g~0 4, analysis steps. Placed in a 25mL bottle of 5 g sample, plus benzene dissolved sample and dilute to scale. Lessons learned 5.0 mL, placed in a 25 mL test tubes, plus 3mL TCA solution and 5 mL2,4-Dinitrophenylhydrazine solution, shake and mix carefully, 30 min at 60 ? c water bath for heating and cooling. Slowly along the tube