1 观察洋葱鳞片叶表皮细胞

1 观察洋葱鳞片叶皮细胞 初一生物学科第一学期导学案 主备人: 审核人: 审批人: 编号: 01 授课人: 使用时间: 班级: 学生姓名: 课题 观察洋葱鳞片叶表皮细胞 课型 新授课 1(学会制作临时装片的基本。 2(练习使用显微镜，观察洋葱鳞片叶表皮细胞的结构。 学习目标 3.练习绘制植物细胞结构简图 4(通过练习制作临时装片并用显微镜进行观察以提高观察和实验能力。 5(养成良好的实验习惯和实事求是的科学态度; 重点难点 重点:制作临时装片，并利用显微镜观察植物细胞的结构。 难点:学会制作临时装片;以实事求是的科学态度，练习绘制植物细胞结构简图 知识链接 显微镜的使用 学法指导 自主互助合作学习 教师复备栏 学 习 过 程 学生笔记栏 复习:显微镜的规范使用 学友动手操作显微镜，学师观看给予评价和指正 引入:树叶，头发直接放到显微镜下，能看到细胞吗,大家不妨试试。 得出结论:观察的要薄而透明。要先制成玻片标本。 学习任务一:(一)小资料——三种常见的玻片标本 【自主学习】 学生自己根据下面的问题，阅读38页的《小资料》，了解三种常 见的玻片标本，并将画在书上。 1.玻片标本根据制作方法分为哪几种类型, 2.玻片标本根据保存时间分为哪两种, 教师巡视，查看学生自学情况，并抽查自学效果。 学习任务二:学习制作洋葱鳞片叶表皮细胞的临时装片 阅读教材，时间10分钟，完成下列问题: 1、自学了解学习活动的目的要求和材料用具 2、阅读教材39页至40页的方法和步骤，用几个准确动词归纳制作装片的“动作”步骤: 、 、 、 、 、 and actual case whether match; by is located land right nature; property status, whether has damage or quality problem; property using situation, rental or use; reference around similar property price, judge assessment value of rationality; whether exists property disputes, and seized, and freeze, and mortgage, and demolition, and transformation, limit situation. 2. to land right mortgage of, survey people should verified following information: land right card by contains Ming information (right people, and location, and nature, and term, and area,) and actual case whether match; land nature; land flat situation; ground buildings situation; reference around similar land price, judge assessment value of rationality; mortgage real whether has other mortgage right or notice registration established prior; whether exists property disputes, and seized, and freeze, and mortgage, limit situation. 3. other chattels, ownership, the value of the mortgage should be implemented, and whether factors such as easy handling. (C) pledge of collateral investigation procedures, investigators should enforce collateral value, convenience custody and disposition, pledge rights effective identification, registration, etc. (D) guarantee investigation to ensure that the procedures, the investigation shall, in accordance with the borrower's standards to investigate the guarantor evaluation assurance. 15th information audit survey people deal with borrowers and qualification provided by the guarantor, financial status, proof of identity, the authenticity of the data carefully reviewed, verified, rationality and effectiveness. Include: (a) the borrower data auditing 1. corporate clients should focus on assessing various types of licenses, certificates, financial reporting, powers of Attorney and other text and a real plea related information. 2. small business class customers also should focus on the review of the borrower to provide evidence of business, financial position and actual control of credit, property, and more 、 、 。 3、制作洋葱鳞片叶临时装片: (1)将载玻片和盖玻片分别放在__________，捻动手指，直至擦净为止。 (2)把载玻片放在实验台上，用_____________在载玻片中央滴一滴_____________。 (3)用 在洋葱鳞片叶表皮上 一个“井”字，再用镊子夹住其一角 。把撕下的内表皮 于载玻片上的________中，用镊子把它_____________。 (4)用镊子夹起盖玻片，先将其_____________载玻片上的水滴，然后_____________放下，盖在要观察的材料上，这样才能避免盖玻片下面出现_____________而影响观察。 (5)把一滴__________滴在盖玻片的_____________。用吸水纸在盖玻片的_____________吸取碘液，反复多次直至标本被染色为止。 (教师巡视自学情况，学生自学之后，抽查一组师友的完成情况。) 【指点迷津】 制作洋葱内表皮细胞临时装片要诀:擦?滴?撕?置?展?盖?染?吸 【探究释疑】 1、教师示范:制作临时装片并引导学生思考讨论以下问题 (1)为什么要擦载玻片和盖玻片, (2)滴多少水合适, (3)怎么取洋葱鳞片叶表皮, (4)为什么用解剖针展平材料, (5)为什么盖盖玻片要这样小心做, (6)为什么要给材料染上色, (7)怎么做才能给材料染色, (8)是不是所有的材料都需要染色, (9) 为了使洋葱鳞片叶内表皮临时装片中尽可能少出现气泡，制作and actual case whether match; by is located land right nature; property status, whether has damage or quality problem; property using situation, rental or use; reference around similar property price, judge assessment value of rationality; whether exists property disputes, and seized, and freeze, and mortgage, and demolition, and transformation, limit situation. 2. to land right mortgage of, survey people should verified following information: land right card by contains Ming information (right people, and location, and nature, and term, and area,) and actual case whether match; land nature; land flat situation; ground buildings situation; reference around similar land price, judge assessment value of rationality; mortgage real whether has other mortgage right or notice registration established prior; whether exists property disputes, and seized, and freeze, and mortgage, limit situation. 3. other chattels, ownership, the value of the mortgage should be implemented, and whether factors such as easy handling. (C) pledge of collateral investigation procedures, investigators should enforce collateral value, convenience custody and disposition, pledge rights effective identification, registration, etc. (D) guarantee investigation to ensure that the procedures, the investigation shall, in accordance with the borrower's standards to investigate the guarantor evaluation assurance. 15th information audit survey people deal with borrowers and qualification provided by the guarantor, financial status, proof of identity, the authenticity of the data carefully reviewed, verified, rationality and effectiveness. Include: (a) the borrower data auditing 1. corporate clients should focus on assessing various types of licenses, certificates, financial reporting, powers of Attorney and other text and a real plea related information. 2. small business class customers also should focus on the review of the borrower to provide evidence of business, financial position and actual control of credit, property, and more 时应注意哪几点, (10)把制作的洋葱表皮细胞临时装片放在显微镜下观察，如何区分看到的是细胞还是气泡, 2、学生动手练习制作临时装片，体会总结制作技巧。(教师观察巡视指导。) 学习任务三: 观察临时装片，认识植物细胞的形态结构。并练习绘制植物细胞结构简图。 【自主学习】 1、自学教材植物细胞的结构，对照所观察的细胞进行结构辨认。 2、尝试画出洋葱鳞片叶内表皮的细胞结构。 3、讨论总结植物细胞的一般结构 三、巩固理解 1、李辰同学在普通光学显微镜下看到的洋葱鳞片叶表皮细胞，请回答下列问题: (1)植物细胞的结构主要包括_________、_________、_________、 _________和_________等。其中在光学显微镜下不容易看清的结 构是_________。 (2)这些植物细胞是在显微镜的目镜12.5×,物镜是10×的情况下所观察 到的，这些细胞被放大了______被。 (3)已被碘酒染色的装片上，细胞中染色最深的结构是________。 (4)切洋葱时常会流眼泪,原因是洋葱中含有刺激眼睛的物质,那么这些and actual case whether match; by is located land right nature; property status, whether has damage or quality problem; property using situation, rental or use; reference around similar property price, judge assessment value of rationality; whether exists property disputes, and seized, and freeze, and mortgage, and demolition, and transformation, limit situation. 2. to land right mortgage of, survey people should verified following information: land right card by contains Ming information (right people, and location, and nature, and term, and area,) and actual case whether match; land nature; land flat situation; ground buildings situation; reference around similar land price, judge assessment value of rationality; mortgage real whether has other mortgage right or notice registration established prior; whether exists property disputes, and seized, and freeze, and mortgage, limit situation. 3. other chattels, ownership, the value of the mortgage should be implemented, and whether factors such as easy handling. (C) pledge of collateral investigation procedures, investigators should enforce collateral value, convenience custody and disposition, pledge rights effective identification, registration, etc. (D) guarantee investigation to ensure that the procedures, the investigation shall, in accordance with the borrower's standards to investigate the guarantor evaluation assurance. 15th information audit survey people deal with borrowers and qualification provided by the guarantor, financial status, proof of identity, the authenticity of the data carefully reviewed, verified, rationality and effectiveness. Include: (a) the borrower data auditing 1. corporate clients should focus on assessing various types of licenses, certificates, financial reporting, powers of Attorney and other text and a real plea related information. 2. small business class customers also should focus on the review of the borrower to provide evidence of business, financial position and actual control of credit, property, and more 物质存在于洋葱细胞的______中。 (5)若他发现视野中有一个黑点，很影响观察，请你想办法帮助王小 明判断黑点是在物镜上、目镜上，还是在玻片标本 上?_____________________。 (6)若他所观察的某个洋葱表皮细胞在视野的左下方，要使这个细胞 位于视野的中央，移动玻片标本的方向是_________。 2、制作临时装片的正确步骤应该是( ) ?染色 ?向载玻片中央滴一滴清水 ?擦拭载玻片和盖玻片 ?用解剖针挑取番茄果肉 ?盖上盖玻片 ?置果肉于载玻片的水滴中 A(?????? B(?????? C(?????? D(?????? 3、制作临时装片时盖盖玻片的正确操作是( ) ?用手 ?使盖玻片尽量与载玻片平行，再轻轻放下 ?用镊子 ?使盖玻片的一端先接触水滴，再轻轻放下 A(?? B( ?? C(?? D(?? 四、互助提高 1、在制作洋葱鳞片叶表皮细胞玻片标本的过程中，下列操作错误的是( ) A、在载玻片中央滴生理盐水 B、用镊子撕取洋葱鳞片叶内表皮 C、盖盖玻片时一侧先接触水滴 D、用碘液染色 2、下图表示制作洋葱鳞片叶表皮细胞临时装片的有关实验步骤，正确的顺序是( ) ? ? ? ? A(???? B(???? C(???? D(???? 3、观察的视野中既有气泡又有细胞，用镊子尖轻轻压盖玻片，气泡出现的变化是( ) A.会变形移动 B.会变形不移动 and actual case whether match; by is located land right nature; property status, whether has damage or quality problem; property using situation, rental or use; reference around similar property price, judge assessment value of rationality; whether exists property disputes, and seized, and freeze, and mortgage, and demolition, and transformation, limit situation. 2. to land right mortgage of, survey people should verified following information: land right card by contains Ming information (right people, and location, and nature, and term, and area,) and actual case whether match; land nature; land flat situation; ground buildings situation; reference around similar land price, judge assessment value of rationality; mortgage real whether has other mortgage right or notice registration established prior; whether exists property disputes, and seized, and freeze, and mortgage, limit situation. 3. other chattels, ownership, the value of the mortgage should be implemented, and whether factors such as easy handling. (C) pledge of collateral investigation procedures, investigators should enforce collateral value, convenience custody and disposition, pledge rights effective identification, registration, etc. (D) guarantee investigation to ensure that the procedures, the investigation shall, in accordance with the borrower's standards to investigate the guarantor evaluation assurance. 15th information audit survey people deal with borrowers and qualification provided by the guarantor, financial status, proof of identity, the authenticity of the data carefully reviewed, verified, rationality and effectiveness. Include: (a) the borrower data auditing 1. corporate clients should focus on assessing various types of licenses, certificates, financial reporting, powers of Attorney and other text and a real plea related information. 2. small business class customers also should focus on the review of the borrower to provide evidence of business, financial position and actual control of credit, property, and more C.不变形不移动 D. 不变形会移动 4、取一滴鱼的血液，滴在洁净的载玻片上，然后另取一块载玻片把血液推成薄膜，置于显微镜下观察，这种玻片标本属于( ) A.切片 B.涂片 C.装片 D.磨片 5、制作洋葱表皮细胞临时装片时，正确的盖盖玻片的方法是( ) A.将盖玻片的一边先接触载玻片上的水滴，然后轻轻盖上 B.将盖玻片的一边先接触载玻片上的水滴，然后快速盖上 C.将盖玻片放在载玻片上，推向中央 D. 将盖玻片迅速盖在载玻片上 6、成熟的植物细胞中有一个非常大的泡状结构，它是( ) A(细胞膜 B(细胞壁 C(液泡 D(细胞质 7、用刀片轻轻刮取少许去掉表皮的黄瓜表层果肉，制成的临时玻片标本，叫做( ) A.临时切片 B.临时涂片 C.临时装片 D.永久装片 8、下图是植物细胞模式图，请据图填空。 ?是 ， ?是 ，在普通显微镜下不容 易观察到。 ? 是 ，? 是 ， ?是 ?是 。 五、梳理总结 1、制作观察洋葱临时装片的步骤和技巧。 2、总结植物细胞的一般结构。 and actual case whether match; by is located land right nature; property status, whether has damage or quality problem; property using situation, rental or use; reference around similar property price, judge assessment value of rationality; whether exists property disputes, and seized, and freeze, and mortgage, and demolition, and transformation, limit situation. 2. to land right mortgage of, survey people should verified following information: land right card by contains Ming information (right people, and location, and nature, and term, and area,) and actual case whether match; land nature; land flat situation; ground buildings situation; reference around similar land price, judge assessment value of rationality; mortgage real whether has other mortgage right or notice registration established prior; whether exists property disputes, and seized, and freeze, and mortgage, limit situation. 3. other chattels, ownership, the value of the mortgage should be implemented, and whether factors such as easy handling. (C) pledge of collateral investigation procedures, investigators should enforce collateral value, convenience custody and disposition, pledge rights effective identification, registration, etc. (D) guarantee investigation to ensure that the procedures, the investigation shall, in accordance with the borrower's standards to investigate the guarantor evaluation assurance. 15th information audit survey people deal with borrowers and qualification provided by the guarantor, financial status, proof of identity, the authenticity of the data carefully reviewed, verified, rationality and effectiveness. Include: (a) the borrower data auditing 1. corporate clients should focus on assessing various types of licenses, certificates, financial reporting, powers of Attorney and other text and a real plea related information. 2. small business class customers also should focus on the review of the borrower to provide evidence of business, financial position and actual control of credit, property, and more