外贸邮件回复技巧

外贸邮件回复技巧 目录: 1. 请求建立商业关系 2. 回复对方建立商业关系的请求 3. 请求担任独家代理 4. 拒绝对方担任独家代理 5. 同意对方担任独家代理 6. 借引荐建立业务关系 7. 邀请参观贸易展览会 8. 与过去有贸易往来的公司联系 9. 确认约会 10. 感谢客户订货 11. 向长期客户推销新产品 12. 为商贸指南兜揽广告 13. 请求客户作推荐人 14. 通知客户价格调整 15. 说明价格调整原因 16. 回复感谢信 17. 请客户征询其它公司 18. 改善服务 19. 拒绝客户的要求 20. 应付难办的客户 21. 祝贺新公司成立 22. 非正式的预约要求 23. 物色代理商 24. 欢迎新代理商 25. 要求约见 26. 拒绝约见 27. 同意约见 1.请求建立商业关系 Rogers Chemical Supply Co. 10E.22Street Omaha8,Neb Gentlemen: We have obtained your name and address from Aristo Shoes, Milan , and we are writing to enquire whether you would be willing to establish business relations with us. We have been importers of shoes for many years. At present, We are interested in extending our, range and would appreciate your catalogues and quotations.If your prices are competitive we would expect to transact a significant volume of business. We look forward to your early reply. Very truly yours 自米兰职权里斯托鞋类公司取得贵公司和地址，特此修函，祈能发展关系。多年来，本公司经营鞋类进口生意， 现欲扩展业务范围。盼能惠赐商品目录和报价表。 如价格公道，本公司必大额订购。 烦请早日赐复。 此致 ` 2.回复对方建立商业关系的请求 Thank your for your letter of the 16th of this month. We shall be glad to enter into business relations with your company. In compliance with your request, we are sending you, under separate cover, our latest catalogue and price list covering our export range. Payment should be made by irrevocable and confirmed letter of credit. Should you wish to place an order, please telex or fax us. 本月16日收到有关商务关系的来函，不胜欣喜。谨遵要求另函奉上最新之出口商品目录和报价单。款项烦请以 不可撤销保兑之信用状支付。如欲订货，请电传或传真为盼。 此致 敬礼 3.请求担任独家代理 We would like to inform you that we act on a sole agency basis fora number of manufacturers. We specialize in finished cotton goods for the Middle eastern market: Our activities cover all types of household linen. Until now , we have been working with your textiles department and our collaboration has proved to be mutually beneficial. Please refer to them for any information regarding our company. We are very interested in an exclusive arrangement with your factoryfor the promotion of your products in Bahrain. We look forward to your early reply. ` 本公司担任多家厂家的独家代理，专营精制棉织品，包括各灯家用亚麻制品，行销中东。 与贵公司向有业务联 系，互利互作。贵公司纺织部亦十分了解有关业务合作之情况。 盼望能成为贵公司独家代理，促销在巴林市场 的货品。 上述建议，烦请早日赐复，以便进一步联系合作。 此致 敬礼 4.拒绝对方担任独家代理 Thank you for your letter of 1 September suggesting that we grant you a sole agency for our household linens. I regret to say that, at this stage ,such an arrangement would berather premature. We would, however, be willing to engage in a trial collaboration with you company to see how the arrangement works. It would be necessary for you to test the market for our productsat you end. You would also have to build up a much larger turnover tojustify a sole agency. We enclose price lists covering all the products you are interested in and look forward to hearing from you soon. 9月1日有关建议担任家用亚麻制品独家代理的来信收悉。谨致衷心谢意。目前时机尚未成熟，不能应允该安排 深感抱歉。 然而，本公司乐意与贵公司先试行合作，为今后合作打下基础。为证明担任独家代理的能力，贵公 司宜上述货品作市场调查，研究是否可扩大现有之营业额。奉上该货品之报价单，敬希查照。专此候复。 此致 敬礼 5.同意对方担任独家代理 Thank you for your letter of 12 April proposing a sole agency for our office machines. We have examined our long and ,I must say ,mutually beneficial collaboration. We would be very pleased to entrust you with the sole agency for Bahrain. From our records, we are pleased to note that you have two service engineers who took training courses at our Milan factory .the sole agency will naturally be contingent on you maintaining qualified aftersales staff. We have drawn up a draft agreement that is enclosed. Please examine the detailed terms and conditions and let us know whether they meet with your approval. On a personal note, I must say that I am delighted that we are probably going to strengthen our relationship. I have very pleasant memories of my last visit to Bahrain when you entertained me so delightfully .I look forward to reciprocating on your next visit to Milan . My very best wishes to you and your wife. 4月12日建议担任为公室器具之独家代理来信已经收悉。 过去双方合作皆互利互助，能获您的眷顾作我公司于 巴林的独家代理，殊感荣幸。 据知您公司两服务技师曾到我公司米兰工厂受训。相信您公司在取得代理权后， 仍会继续注重合格售后服务人员的训练。现随信附上协议草稿， 请查实各项条款 ，惠复是盼。 能加强业务， 我亦感到欣喜，前次到访巴林，蒙盛情款待，不胜感激。祈盼您莅临米兰时，容我一尽地主之谊。 此致 敬礼 6.借引荐建立业务关系 At the beginning of this month , I attended the Harrogate toy fair. While there , I had an interesting conversation with Mr. Douglas Gage of Edutoys plc about selecting an agency for our teaching aids. Douglas described your dynamic sales force and innovative approach to marketing. He attributed his own company's success to your excellent distribution network which has served him for several years. We need an organization like yours to launch our products in the UK. Our teaching aids cover the whole field of primary education in all subjects .Our patented ‘Matrix’ math apparatus is particularly successful. You may have reservations about American teaching aids suiting your market. This is not a problem since we have a complete range of British English versions. I enclose an illustrated catalogue of our British English editions for your information. Please let me have your reactions to the material. I shall be in London during the first two weeks of October .Perhaps we could arrange a meeting to discuss our proposal. 本用初参观哈洛加特玩具交易会时有幸与教育玩具股份有限公司的道格拉斯?盖齐先生一谈，提及本公司正物色 代理人推广教学器材一事。 盖齐先生赞扬贵公司积极推广产品，不断推出新的推销方法，并把其公司的成就归 于贵公司完善的经销网络。贵公司的，正能替本公司在英国经销产品。 本公司生产初级教育各学科的教育 器村、专利产品梅特里克教学器材更傲视同侪。 除美国教学器材外，亦备有全套英式版教材，适合当地市 场，贵公司无需忧虑切合市场需求。 现附上配有插图的英式英语版教材目录，盼抽空细阅，并赐知宝贵意见。 本人拟于10月头两星期前往伦敦，未知能否安排会面，就以上建议作一详谈? 此致 敬礼 7.邀请参观贸易展览会 Many thanks for your letter and enclosures of 12 September. We were very interested to hear that you are looking for an UK distributor for your teaching aids. We would like to invite you to visit our booth,no.6,at next month's London Toy Fair, at Earl's court , which starts on 2 October. If you would like to set up an appointment during non exhibit hall hours please call me. I can then arrange for our sensor staff to be present at the meeting. We look forward to hearing from you. 多谢9月12日的来信和附件。获悉贵公司有意物色英国销售商推广教学辅助设备， 甚感兴趣。 本公司将于10 月2日于厄尔大楼举行的耸敦玩具商品交易会上展示产品，诚邀贵公司派员参观设于46号之摊位。如能安排于 非展出时间面谈，烦请电复。定必委派高层人员赴会。 本公司深知贵公司产品精美质优，希望能发展互惠之业 务。 特此奉告，并候复音。 8. 与过去有贸易往来的公司联系 We understand from our trade contacts that your company has reestablished itself in Beirut and is once again trading successfully in your region. We would like to extend our congratulations and offer our very best wishes for your continued success. Before the war in Lebanon , our companies were involved in a large volume of trade in our textiles. We see from our records that you were among our best tem customers. We very much hope that we can resume our mutually beneficial relationship now that peace has returned to Lebanon. Since we last traded, our lines have changed beyond recognition. While they reflect current European taste in fabrics, some of our designs are specifically targeted at the Middle Eastern market. As an initial step , I enclose our illustrated catalogue for your perusal. Should you wish to receive samples for closer inspection, we will be very happy to forward them. We look forward to hearing from you. 从同行中获悉贵公司贝鲁特复业，生意发展迅速。得闻喜讯，不胜欢欣。谨祝业务蒸蒸日上。 黎巴嫩战事发生 前双方曾有多宗纺织品交易;贵公司更是本公司十大客户之一。现今战事平息，亟盼能重展双方互惠的业务联系。 自上次合作至令，产品款式变化极大。除了有迎合欧洲人口味的款式这外，亦有专门为中东市场而的产品。 现奉上配有插图的商品目录供 初步参考。职需查看样本，还望赐知。 9.确认约会 I would like to confirm our appointment to discuss the possibility of merging our distribution networks. I am excited of the prospect ofexpanding our trade. As agreed, We will meet of our office in bond street at 9.30a.m.on Monday 20 March. I have scheduled the whole day for the meeting. If for any reason you are unable to attend , please phone me so that we can make alternative arrangements. Please let me know if you would like our office to arrange hotel accommodation. I look forward with great pleasure to our meeting. 承蒙拔冗讲讨论合并双方销售网，以扩大贸易发展范围，深感兴奋。现特修函确定会议日程。 谨于3月20日星 期一在邦德街办公室候教，请贵公司代表于当日早上9时莅临指导。若因故未能抽空出席，烦请致电告知，以便 另行安排会晤。 未知是否需代为安排旅馆膳宿?请尽早赐知，以便早作准备，款待贵客。 谨此预祝会谈成功。 10.感谢客户订货 Gillette-burns Co. 322 Gleenwood street Gleveland 5,Ohio Glentlemen: Thank you for your order no,464 of 20 september. The models you selected from our showroom went out today under my personal supervision.The package is being airfreghted to you on swissair.The relevant documentation is enclosce.I enjoyed meeting yiu and hope that this order represents the beginning of a long and prosperous relationship between oiur companies. The next time you visit us ,please let me know in advance so that I can arrange a luch for you with our derectors. Sincerely yours 谢谢9月20日第464号定单。今天我已新自监督发送您自展览室挑选的产品。该产品随附有关文件经瑞士航空 公司运送。 很荣幸与你会面，衷心希望是次定单能加强双方的关系。下次到访前，烦请赐知，俾能安排与本公 司董事共进午餐。 11.向长期客户推销新产品 I enclose an illustrated supplement toour catalogue. It covers the latest designs which are now available from stock. We are most gratified that you have, for several yeas. Include a selection of our products in your mail-order catalogues. The resulting sales have been very steady. We believe that you will find our new designs most attractive. Theyshould get a very good reception in your market. Once you have had time to study the upplement , please let us know if you would like to take the matter further. We would be very happy to send samples to you for closer inspection. For your information, we are planning a range of classical English dinner services which ,should do well in the North American market. We will keep you informed on our progress and look forward to hearingfrom you. 随函寄奉配有插图的商品目录附页，介绍最新设计的产品。贵公司的邮购目录多年来收录本公司产品，产品销售 成绩理想，特此致以深切谢意。最新设计的产品巧夺天工，定能吸引顾客选购。烦请参阅上述附页，需查看样本， 请赐复，本公司乐意交劳。 本公司现正设计一系列款式古典的英国餐具，适合北美市场需求。如感兴趣，亦请 赐知。 愿进一步加强联系，并候复音。 12. 为商贸指南兜揽广告 Thank you for your business. You arecurrently represented in our directory. This is the only directory of its kind which reaches all companies in the building and construction industry in the UK. Advertising in our directory was a wise move on your part. We are currently compiling a new edition of the directory which willbe published in April 1995.The new edition will be expanded to include major manufacturers of plumbing equipment in the European Community. For proper coverage in the directory, you ought to appear in more than one category. If you do opt for a multiple listing, you will be ableto buy space in additional categories at half price. You can be assured that the new edition will be on the desks of allthe major decision makers in the building and hardware trades. Please complete the enclosed form and return it with the appropriate fee. Thanks again for your business. 衷心感谢惠顾。贵公司商号已刊登在本公司的商贸指南中。该指南乃唯一覆盖英国全部建筑公司的刊物，在此刊 登广告确是明智之举。 现下筹备1998年4月版 的贸易批南，新版会罗列欧洲贡同体的主要铅管业制造商。为 达到出色的宣传效果，贵公司宜考虑在不同类别刊登广告。如蒙惠顾，除首个广告外，其余类别的广告将可获半 价优惠。 该指南将分送给所有建筑公司和五金器具公司主管。烦表填妥随附表格，连同广告费用一并寄回。 专此盼候佳音。 13. 请求客户作推荐人 Thank you for your letter of 2 November. We are delighted to hear that you are to pleased with the refurbishment of your hotel. As your know .in our line of work, we depend on good ,reports about our projects to win further business. Our clients always shop around and look for references before committing themselves. With your permission, we would like to use your hotel as a reference when we discuss similar refurbishments in the hotel industry . Would you agree to our suggesting that future clients should call you? It would also be most helpful if we could occasionally bring a client to look at your hotel . We would , of course , stay overnight at least.I'll call you next week to hear your reaction. Thanks again for you kind words. 从11月2日的来函得悉阁下对贵饭店的整修感到满意，此消息对本公司实是一鼓励。 设计行业重视声誉，客人 在选择设计公司时必然会有所比较。如蒙允许，本公司欲请贵饭店作推荐人，证明有关整修的质素。未知可否让 其他客户来电垂询? 此外，如获允准间或联同客户前来参观贵饭店整修，定必有莫大帮助。当然，本公司会预订 房间，至少留宿一晚。 14. 通知客户价格调整 We enclose our new catalogue and price list. The revised prices will apply from 1 April 1997. You will see that there have been number of changes in our product range. A number of improved models have been introduced. Out range of washing machines has been completely revamped. Many popular lines, however, have been retained unchanged. You will be aware that inflation is affecting industry as a whole .Ws have been affected like everyone else and some price increases havebeen unavoidable. We have not, however, increased our prices across the board, In many cases, there is a small price increase, but in others, none at all. We can assure you that the quality of our consumer durables has been maintained at a high standard and that our service will continueto be first class. We look forward to receiving your orders. 谨谢上新的商品目录和价格表。修订价格定于1997年4月1日起生效。产品系列有一大革新，增加了不少改良 的型号，扒出一系列新款的洗衣机，但许多款的开动号仍保持不变。通货膨胀影响整个工业连带令货品价格上涨。 虽然如此，本公司并未全面提升价格，调整幅度亦不大。 本公司坚守一贯信念，务求出产优质之耐用消费品， 迎合顾客的需要。 谢谢贵公司多年惠顾，盼继续合作。 15. 说明价格调整原因 I enclose our new price list , which will come into effect ,from the end of this month. You will see that we have increased our prices on most models. We have ,however , refrained from doing so on some models of which we hold large stocks. We feel we should explain why we have increased our prices. We are paying 10% more for our raw materials than we were paying last year. Some of our subcontractors have raised their by as much as 15%. As you know , we take great pride in our machines and are jealous of the reputation for quality and dependability which we have achieved over the last 40 years. We will not compromise that reputation because of rising costs. We hope, therefore decided to raise the price of some of our machines. We hope you will understand our position and look forward to your orders. 现谨附上本公司新价格表，新价格将于本月底生效。除了存货充裕的商品外，其余大部分货品均已调升价格。是 次调整原因是原材料价格升幅上涨10% ，一些承包商的价格调升到15%。 过去40年，本公司生产的机器品 质优良、性能可靠。今为确保产品质量，唯有稍为调整价格。上述情况，还望考虑。愿能与贵公司保持紧密合作。 16.回复感谢信 We greatly appreciate your letter describing the assistance you received in solving your air-conditioning problems. We are now in our fifty year of operation, and we receive many letters like your indicating a high level of customer satisfaction with our installation. We are pleased that our technical staff assisted you so capably. We would like you to know that it you need to contact us at any time in the future. Our engineers will be equally responsive to your request for assistance. If we can be of service to you again, please let us know. Thank you again for your very kind letter. 承蒙来信 赞扬本公司提供的空调维修工程服务，欣喜不已。五年前开业至今，屡获客户来函嘉奖，本公司荣幸之至。欣悉 贵公司识技术人员的服务，他日苛有任何需要，亦请与本公司联络，本公司定当提供优秀技师，竭诚效劳。在此 谨再衷心感谢贵公司的赞赏，并请继续保持联络。 17. 请客户征询其它公司 Thank you for your enquiry of 5 May concerning silk blouses. We regret to say that we do not manufacture clothing to your own designs to the highest European standards: Swan Textiles corporation The industrial zone Shekou We supply the factor with all their silk materials, I enclose a swatch of our stock materials for your examination. Should you desire any of these samples made up into finished products , we can supply the swan factory with them. We hope that this will be of help to you and wish you every success in your business dealings. 谢谢5月5月日来函查询关于纡绸罩衫的事宜。 本公司只生产纡绸布料，供应纺织品批发商和制造厂家，并没 有制造成衣，因而未能接受贵公司订货，谨致万分歉意然而，本公司乐意推荐本地一家生产优质男装的工厂，相 信可按贵公司设计的款式制造符合欧洲最高的服装:蛇口工业区天鹅纺织品公司。 该厂的丝绸布料全由本 公司供应，随函了什样本以供查阅，如贵公司认为适合，本公司乐意负责供应所需布料。愿上资料对贵公司有所 帮助。 谨祝生意兴隆，事事顺达。 18. 改善服务 Thank you for your letter of 26 January. I apologize for the delivery problems you had with us last month. I have had a meeting with our production and shipping managers to work out a better system for handling your account .We know we made a mistake on your last order . Although we replaced it for you. we want to make sure it does not happen again. We have devised the enclosed checklist to use for each of your future order. It includes your firm's particular specifications, packing requirements and marking instructions. I believe can service your company better and help you operations run more smoothly with this safeguard. Please contact us if there are any additional points you would like us to include. 感谢1月26日来信。对上月贵公司更换所需货品，唯恐类似事件再发生，本公司生产、运输和出口部经理已商 议制订更有效方法处理贵公司事务，并为此特别设计清单。 随信奉上该清单，供贵公司今后订货之用。当中包 括特殊规格、包装要求和樗说明等栏目，相信此举有助本公司提供更佳服务，促进双方合作。如欲增设任何栏目 于该清单上，恳求惠示。 19. 拒绝客户的要求 Thank you for your enquity of 25 August.We are always pleased to hear from a valued customer.I regret to say that we cannot agree to your request for technical information regarding our software security sysytems.The fact is,that most of our competitors also keep such information private and confidential.I sincerely hope that this does not inconvenience you in any way.If there is any other way in which we can help. do not hesitte to contact us again. 8月25日信收悉，谨此致谢。 来信要求本公司提供有关软件保密系统的技术资料，但鉴于同行向来视该等资料 为机密文件，本公司亦不便透露，尚祈见谅。我真诚地希望这样不会对贵公司造成不便。如需本公司协助其他事 宜，欢迎随时赐顾垂询。 祝业务蒸蒸日上! 20. 应付难办的客户 We have been doing business together for a long time and we value our relationship of late, we have not been able to provide the kind of service we both want. The problem is that your purchasing department is changing orders after they have been placed. This has led to confusion and frustration for both of our companies. In several instances. you have returned goods that were originally ordered. To solve the problem , I propose that on receipt of an order, our sales staff contact you to verify it. If you decide on any changes, we will amend the order and fax you a copy so that you can check it. I trust this system will cut down on delays and errors, and allow our operations to run smoothly. 承蒙多年惠顾，本公司感激万分。然近来合作出现问题，令服务水准未能符合对方要求，本公司为此提忧不已。 贵公司采部发出定单后，再三更改内容;更有甚者，屡次退回订购之货品，导致了双方公司工作中的混乱和困惑。 为避免问题日趋严重，特此在接到定单后，由本公司销售人员与贵公司复核。若需作出改支，本公司把定单修改 后电传副本，供贵公司查核。 盼望上述办法经受减少延误，促进双方业务发展。 21. 祝贺新公司成立 It has just come to our attention that you have lately opened your new European headquarters in Brussels. Congratulations on your bold venture. As you know , our companies have had a long business association in the UK. We look forward to collaborating with you in your European venture. Please let us know if we can be of any assistance to you. We will be delighted to help. We wish you the very best of luck and a prosperous future. 22. 非正式的预约要求 Could we meet some time this month to discuss the hypermarket proposal? We want to make decision by the beginning of next month. We would very much like to hear your thoughts before we make any definite plans. Could you choose a venue for the meeting? I can fly to London any time, Perhaps you would prefer Lyon or Paris? I leave it to you to choose. I look forward to seeing you again. 您好!未知能否于本月会面，商谈有关特大自助市场的建议呢?我们准备于下月初作出最后决定。在未订下明确计 划之前，希望能咨询的意见。敢问能否选定会面地点?在伦敦、巴黎或里昂商谈都可以，悉随尊便。 期待与您见 面。 23. 物色代理商 Our company manufactures a range of printing presses that are used successfully by companies in over 20 countries. A product specification brochure is enclosed. We are considering expanding our products to new markets and we would appreciate you assistance. In particular , we would like to identify the best agents who are currently serving the printing industryin your region. We are looking for organizations which conduct their business in a truly professional manner. They must be fully conversant with thetechnical side of the printing industry and have a comprehensive understanding of all the features of the lines t6hey represent. We would be very grateful if you could take a few moments to send us the names of three or four organizations that match our requirements.We shall then contact them to explore the possibility of establishing a mutually acceptable business relationship. Thank you very much for your time and consideration in this matter. 本公司生产的一系列印刷机，获二十多个国家的公司采用。随函附上产品规格说明，谨供参考。 现为该产品 开拓新市场，希望得知贵地区从事印刷工业的代理商资料。如蒙贵公司协助，将不胜感激。如能拨冗寄来数个符 合上述要求代理商商号，则感激不尽。本公司将与其联系，研究能否建立互惠互利折业务关系。 右蒙惠告，不 胜感荷! 24. 欢迎新代理商 I would like to welcome you to our organization. We are very pleased to have you on our ream. I know that you will be equally proud of our products. Our European sales Representative, Antoine Gerin , will be in touch with you at regular intervals. Please feel to call him any time you have a problem, If I can regular intervals. Please feel free to call him any time you have a problem. If I can ever be of service, please call me. I am planning a trip to France next month, and I am looking forward to meeting you. In the meantime, the best of luck with our product line. 欢迎加入本公司成为我们的一分子。相信您也会以本公司的产品为荣。欧洲销售代理安东尼?格林会定期与联络， 遇有问题可与他商讨。若有其他需要，欢迎向我提出。 下月我将赴法国一游，期望能与您会面。谨祝产品销量 节节上升。 25. 要求约见 Would you be interested in stocking a radical new departure in laptop computers? I would very much like to brief you on this great innovation. Could we make an appointment? The machine is the same size as most laptops but comes with some totally new features. The retail price will undercut its nearest competitor by at least 20%.I shall be in the UK from 1 September to 20 October. If you would like to know more, just fax or telex me. 贵公司有没有考虑配置最新型号的手提电脑?本公司诚意推介该崭新产品，盼能预约时间作一介绍。 该电脑体积 和同类电脑相仿，但配备多项先进功能。其零 售 价较同类产品便宜20%以上。本人将于9月1日至10月20 日逗留英国。如蒙拨冗了解该产品资料，烦 请函复。 26. 拒绝约见 Thank you for your letter of 7 July regarding your new laptop computer. I regret to say that we cannot agree to your request for an appointment. We currently have the sole agency for another computer company, Under the terms of the contract , We are barred from stocking any other company's products. The sole agency comes under review in six months' time . Contact us then and we may be able to consider your new product. 7月7日有关新型号手提电脑函收悉。 本公司暂未能安排会面，深感歉意。现时正为另一家电脑公司提任独家 代理，根据合约条款，不得销售别家电脑公司的产品。该代理权将于六个月后期满。届时烦请再作联系，共商贵 产品代理事宜。 27. 同意约见 Thank you for your letter of 15 September. I note that you will bein the UK during the whole of November. We are quite interested by the fashion knitwear illustrated in yourcatalogue. As a fashion Chain. We might consider having some of our own designs manufactured in China. Please let me know when you would like to call on us. The week beginning 6 November would suit me best. I look forward to meeting you and discussing this matter. 感谢9月15日的来信。欣闻阁下将于11月逗留伦敦一个月，望到时能拨冗相会。本公司对贵公司商品目 录中的针织时装深感兴趣。现正研究设计款式，在中国制造后寄本公司时装连锁店发售。 如能于11月6日或其 后数天抽空来访，当感激不尽。 期待与您会面，商讨有关事宜 下面是经典古文名句赏析～～不需要的朋友， 可以下载后编辑删除～～谢谢 经典古文名篇(一);1.陋室铭刘禹锡(唐)字梦得《刘梦得文集》;山不在高，有仙则名;2(马说韩愈(唐)字退之《昌黎先生集》;世有伯乐，然后有千里马;马之千里者，一食(shí)或尽粟一石(dàn);策之不以其道，食(sì)之不能尽其材(才)，鸣之;3(师说韩愈(唐);古之学者必有师;嗟乎～师道之不传也久矣～欲人之无惑也难矣～古之圣;圣人无常师;李氏子蟠，年十七 经典古文名篇(一) 1. 陋室铭 刘禹锡(唐)字梦得 《刘梦得文集》 山不在高，有仙则名。水不在深，有龙则灵。斯是陋室，惟吾德馨。苔痕上阶绿，草色入帘青。谈笑有鸿儒，往来无白丁。可以调素琴，阅金经。无丝竹之乱耳，无案牍之劳形。南阳诸葛庐，西蜀子云亭。孔子云:何陋之有, 2(马说 韩愈(唐) 字退之《昌黎先生集》 世有伯乐，然后有千里马。千里马常有，而伯乐不常有。故虽有名马，只辱于奴隶人之手，骈死于槽枥之间，不以千里称也。 马之千里者，一食(shí)或尽粟一石(dàn)。食(sì)马者不知千里而食(sì)也。是马也，虽有千里之能，食(shí)不饱，力不足，才美不外见(现)，且欲与常马等不可得，安求其能千里也, 策之不以其道，食(sì)之不能尽其材(才)，鸣之而不能通其意，执策而临之，曰:“天下无马～”呜呼～其真无马邪(ye),其真不知马也。 3(师说 韩愈(唐) 古之学者必有师。师者，所以传道受(授)业解惑也。人非生而知之者，孰能无惑,惑而不从师，其为惑也，终不解矣。生乎吾前，其闻道也固先乎吾，吾从而师之;生乎吾后，其闻道也亦先乎吾，吾从而师之。吾师道也，夫庸知其年之先后生于吾乎,是故无贵无贱，无长无少，道之所存，师之所存也。 嗟乎～师道之不传也久矣～欲人之无惑也难矣～古之圣人，其出人也远矣，犹且从师而问焉;今之众人，其下圣人也亦远矣，而耻学于师。是故圣益圣，愚益愚。圣人之所以为圣，愚人之所以为愚，其皆出于此乎,爱其子，择师而教之;于其身也，则耻师焉，惑矣。彼童子之师，授之书而习其句读(d?u)者，非吾所谓传其道解其惑者也。句读之不知，惑之不解，或师焉，或不(fǒu)焉，小学而大遗，吾未见其明也。巫医乐师百工之人，不耻相师。士大夫之族，曰师曰弟子云者，则群聚而笑之。问之，则曰:“彼与彼年相若也，道相似也，位卑则足羞，官盛则近谀。”呜呼～师道之不复，可知矣。巫医乐师百工之人，君子不齿，今其智乃反不能及，其可怪也欤～ 圣人无常师。孔子师郯(tán)子、苌(cháng)弘、师襄、老聃(dàn)。郯子之徒，其贤不及孔子。孔子曰:三人行，则必有我师。是故弟子不必不如师，师不必贤于弟子，闻道有先后，术业有专攻，如是而已。 李氏子蟠，年十七，好古文，六艺经传皆通习之，不拘于时，学于余。余嘉其能行古道，作《师说》以贻之。 4.爱莲说 周敦颐(北宋) 字茂叔《周元公集》 水陆草木之花，可爱者甚藩(fán)。晋陶渊明独爱菊。自李唐来，世人甚爱牡丹。予独爱莲之出淤泥而不染，濯清涟而不妖，中通外直，不蔓不枝，香远益清，亭亭净植，可远观而不可亵玩焉。 予谓菊，花之隐逸者也;牡丹，花之富贵者也;莲，花之君子者也。噫～菊之爱，陶后鲜有闻。莲之爱，同予者何人,牡丹之爱，宜乎众矣～ 5.得道多助，失道寡助 《孟子?公孙丑》(战国)名轲 字子舆 天时不如地利，地利不如人和。 三里之城，七里之郭，环而攻之而不胜。夫还而攻之，必有得天时者矣，然而不胜者，是天时不如地利也。 城非不高也，池非不深也，兵革非不坚利也，米粟非不多也，委而去之，是地利不如人和也。 故曰，域民不以封疆之界，固国不以山溪之险，威天下不以兵革之利。得道者多助，失道者寡助。寡助之至，亲戚畔(叛)之。多助之至，天下顺之。以天下之所顺，攻亲戚之所畔，故君子有不战，战必胜矣。 6(生于忧患，死于安乐 《孟子?告子》 舜发于畎亩之中，傅说(yua)举于版筑之间，胶鬲举于鱼盐之中，管夷吾举于士，孙叔敖举于海，百里奚举于市。 故天将降大任于是人也，必先苦其心志，劳其筋骨，饿其体肤，空乏其身，行拂乱其所为，所以动心忍性，曾(增)益其所不能。 人恒过，然后能改;困于心，衡于虑，而后作;征于色，发于声，而后喻。入则无法家拂(bì)士，出则无敌国外患者，国恒亡。然后知生于忧患，而死于安乐也。 7(鱼我所欲也 《孟子》 鱼，我所欲也，熊掌，亦我所欲也，二者不可得兼，舍鱼而取熊掌者也。生，亦我所欲也，义，亦我所欲也，二者不可得兼，舍生而取义者也。生亦我所欲，所欲有甚于生者，故不为苟得也。死亦我所恶，所恶有甚于死者，故患有所不避也。如使人之所欲莫甚于生，则凡可以得生者何不用也,使人之所恶莫甚于死者，则凡可以避患者何不为也,由是则生而有不用也;由是则可以避患而有不为也。是故所欲有甚于生者，所恶有甚于死者。非独贤者有是心也，人皆有之，贤者能勿丧耳。 一箪食，一豆羹，得之则生，弗得则死。呼尔而与之，行道之人弗受;蹴尔而与之，乞人不屑也。 万钟则不辨礼义而受之，万钟于我何加焉～为宫室之美，妻妾之奉，所识穷乏者得我欤,向为身死而不受，今为宫室之美为之;向为身死而不受，今为妻妾之奉为之;向为身死而不受，今为所识穷乏者得我而为之:是亦不可以已乎,此之谓失其本心。 8(劝学 《荀子》(战国)名况 君子曰:学不可以已。青，取之于蓝，而青于蓝;冰，水为之，而寒于水。木直中(zh?ng)绳，以为轮，其曲中规。虽有(又)槁(gào)暴(pù)，不复挺者，使之然也。故木受绳则直，金就砺则利，君子博学而日参(cān)省乎己，则知明而行无过矣。 吾尝终日而思矣，不如须臾之所学也;吾尝跂(qí)而望矣，不如登高之博见也。登高而招，臂非加长也，而见者远;顺风而呼，声非加疾也，而闻者彰。假舆马者，非利足也，而致千里;假舟楫者，非能水也，而绝江河。君子生(性)非异也，善假于物也。 积土成山，风雨兴焉;积水成渊，蛟龙生焉;积善成德，而神明自得，圣心备焉。故不积跬步，无以至千里;不积小流，无以成江海。骐骥一跃，不能十步;驽马十驾，功在不舍。锲而舍之，朽木不折;锲而不舍，金石可镂。蚓无爪牙之利，筋骨之强，上食埃土，不饮黄泉，用心一也。蟹六跪而二螯，非蛇鳝之穴无可寄托者，用心躁也。 9(问说 刘开(清)字明东、方来 号孟涂 君子学必好问。问与学，相辅而行者也，非学无以致疑，非问无以广识。好学而不勤问，非真能好学者也。理明矣，而或不达于事，识其大矣，而或不知其细，舍问，其奚决焉, 贤于己者，问焉以破其疑，所谓就有道而正也。不如己者，问焉以求一得，所谓以能问于不能，以多问于寡也。等于己者，问焉以资切磋，所谓交相问难(nàn)，审问而明辨之也。《书》不云乎,“好问则裕。”孟子论“求放心”，而并称曰“学问之道”，学即继以问也。子思言“尊德性”，而归于“道问学”，问且先于学也。 古之人虚中乐善，不择事而问焉，不择人而问焉，取其有益于身而已。是故狂夫之言，圣人择之，刍荛(ráo)之微，先民询之，舜以天子而询于匹夫，以大知而察及迩言，非苟为谦，诚取善之弘也。三代而下，有学而无问，朋友之交，至于劝善规过足矣，其以义理相咨访，孜孜焉唯进修是急，未之多见也，况流俗乎, 是己而非人，俗之同病。学有未达，强(qiǎng)以为知，理有未安，妄以臆度(duo)， 如是，则终身几无可问之事。贤于己者，忌之而不愿问焉，不如己者，轻之而不屑问焉，等于己者，狎之而不甘问焉，如是，则天下几无可问之人。人不足服矣，事无可疑矣，此唯师心自用耳。夫自用，其小者也;自知其陋而谨护其失，宁使学终不进，不欲虚以下人，此为害于心术者大，而蹈之者常十之。 不然，则所问非所学焉:询天下之异文鄙事以快言论;甚且心之所已明者，问之人以试其能，事之至难解者，问之人以穷其短。而非是者，虽有切于身心性命之事，可以收取善之益，求一屈己焉而不可得也。嗟乎～学之所以不能几(jī)于古者，非此之由乎, 且夫不好问者，由心不能虚也;心之不虚，由好学之不诚也。亦非不潜心专力之敌，其学非古人之学，其好亦非古人之好也，不能问宜也。 智者千虑，必有一失。圣人所不知，未必不为愚人之所知也;愚人之所能，未必非圣人之不能也。理无专在，而学无止境也，然则问可少耶,《周礼》，外朝以询万民，国之政事尚问及庶人，是故贵可以问贱，贤可以问不肖，而老可以问幼，唯道之所成而已矣。孔文子不耻下问，夫子贤之。古人以问为美德，而并不见其有可耻也，后之君子反争以问为耻，然则古人所深耻者，后世且行之而不以为耻者多矣，悲夫～ 10. 前赤壁赋 苏轼(北宋) 字子瞻 号东坡居士 壬戌之秋，七月既望，苏子与客泛舟游于赤壁之下。清风徐来，水波不兴。举酒属客，诵明月之诗，歌窈窕之章。少焉，月出于东山之上，徘徊于斗牛之间。白露横江，水光接天。纵一苇之所如，凌万顷之茫然。浩浩乎如冯虚御风，而不知其所止;飘飘乎如遗世独立，羽化而登仙。 于是饮酒乐甚，扣舷而歌之。歌曰:“桂棹兮兰桨，击空明兮溯流光;渺渺兮予怀，望美人兮天一方。”客有吹洞箫者，倚歌而和之。其声呜呜然，如怨，如慕，如泣，如诉，余音袅袅，不绝如缕。舞幽壑之潜蛟，泣孤舟之嫠妇。 苏子愀然，正襟危坐而问客曰:“何为其然也,”客曰:“„月明星稀，乌鹊南飞?，此非曹孟德之诗乎,西望夏口，东望武昌，山川相缪，郁乎苍苍，此非曹孟德之困于周郎者乎,方其破荆州，下江陵，顺流而东也，舳舻千里，旌旗蔽空，酾酒临江，横槊赋诗，固一世之雄也，而今安在哉,况吾与子渔樵于江渚之上，侣鱼虾而友麋鹿，驾一叶之扁舟，举匏樽以相属。寄蜉蝣于天地，渺沧海之一粟。哀吾生之须臾，羡长江之无穷。挟飞仙以遨游，抱明月而长终。知不可乎骤得，托遗响于悲风。” 苏子曰:“客亦知夫水与月乎,逝者如斯，而未尝往也;盈虚者如彼，而卒莫消长也。盖将自其变者而观之，则天地曾不能以一瞬;自其不变者而观之，则物与我皆无尽也，而又何羡乎,且夫天地之间，物各有主。苟非吾之所有，虽一毫而莫取。唯江上之清风，与山间之明月，耳得之而为声，目遇之而成色，取之无禁，用之不竭，是造物者之无尽藏也，而吾与子之所共适。” 客喜而笑，洗盏更酌。肴核既尽，杯盘狼藉。相与枕藉乎舟中，不知东方之既白。 11(后赤壁赋 苏轼 是岁十月之望，步自雪堂，将归于临皋。二客从予，过黄泥之坂。霜露既降，木叶尽脱。人影在地，仰见明月。顾而乐之，行歌相答。已而叹曰:“有客无酒，有酒无肴，月白风清，如此良夜何,”客曰:“今者薄暮，举网得鱼，巨口细鳞，状如松江之鲈。顾安所得酒乎,”归而谋诸妇。妇曰:“我有斗酒，藏之久矣，以待子不时之需。” 于是携酒与鱼，复游于赤壁之下。江流有声，断岸千尺，山高月小，水落石出。曾日月之几何，而江山不可复识矣～予乃摄衣而上，履巉岩，披蒙茸，踞虎豹，登虬龙，攀栖鹘之危巢，俯冯夷之幽宫，盖二客不能从焉。划然长啸，草木震动，山鸣谷应，风起云涌。予亦悄然而悲，肃然而恐，凛乎其不可留也。反而登舟，放乎中流，听其所止而休焉。时夜将半，四顾寂寥。适有孤鹤，横江东来，翅如车轮，玄裳缟衣，戛然长鸣，掠予舟而西也。 须臾客去，予亦就睡。梦一道士，羽衣蹁跹，过临皋之下，揖予而言曰:“赤壁之游乐乎,”问其姓名，俯而不答。“呜呼噫嘻～我知之矣。畴昔之夜，飞鸣而过我者，非子也耶,”道士顾笑，予亦惊寤。开户视之，不见其处。 12(卖炭翁 白居易(唐) 字乐天 号香山居士《白氏长庆集》 卖炭翁，伐薪烧炭南山中。满面尘灰烟火色，两鬓苍苍十指黑。卖炭得钱何所营,身上衣裳口中食。可怜身上衣正单，心忧炭贱愿天寒。夜来城外一尺雪，晓驾炭车碾冰辙。牛困人饥日以高，市南门外泥中歇。 翩翩两骑(jì)来是谁,黄衣使者白衫儿。手把文书口称敕，回车叱牛牵向北。一车炭，千余斤，宫使驱将(jiāng)惜不得。半匹红绡一丈绫，系(jì)向牛头充炭直(值)。 13(木兰诗 《乐府诗集》 北朝民歌 唧唧复唧唧，木兰当户织。不闻机杼声，惟闻女叹息。 问女何所思，问女何所忆。女亦无所思，女亦无所忆。昨夜见军帖(tiě)，可汗大点兵，军书十二卷，卷卷有爷名。阿爷无大儿，木兰无长兄，愿为市鞍马，从此替爷征。 东市买骏马，西市买鞍鞯(jiān)，南市买辔头，北市买长鞭。旦辞爷娘去，暮宿黄河边，不闻爷娘唤女声，但闻黄河流水鸣溅溅(jiàn)。旦辞黄河去，暮至黑山头，不闻爷娘唤女声，但闻燕山胡骑鸣啾啾。 万里赴戎机，关山度若飞。朔气传金柝，寒光照铁衣。将军百战死，壮士十年归。 归来见天子，天子坐明堂。策勋十二转，赏赐百千强。可汗问所欲，木兰不用尚书郎;愿驰千里足，送儿还故乡。 爷娘闻女来，出郭相扶将(jiāng);阿姊闻妹来，当户理红妆;小弟闻姊来，磨刀霍霍向猪羊。开我东阁门，坐我西阁床，脱我战时袍，着我旧时裳，当窗理云鬓，对镜帖(贴)花黄。出门看火(伙)伴，火伴皆惊忙:同行十二年，不知木兰是女郎。 雄兔脚扑朔，雌兔眼迷离;双兔傍(bàng)地走，安能辨我是雄雌, 14.石钟山记 苏轼 《水经》云:“彭蠡之口有石钟山焉。”骊元以为下临深潭，微风鼓浪，水石相搏，声如洪钟。是说也，人常疑之。今以钟磬置水中，虽大风浪不能鸣也，而况石乎～至唐李渤始访其遗踪，得双石于潭上，扣而聆之，南声函胡，北音清越，枹(fú)止响腾，余韵徐歇。自以为得之矣。然是说也，余尤疑之。石之铿然有声者，所在皆是也，而此独以钟名，何哉, 元丰七年六月丁丑，余自齐安舟行适临汝，而长子迈将赴饶之德兴尉，送之至湖口，因得观所谓钟者。侍僧使小童扶斧，于乱石间择其一二扣之，硿硿(kōng)焉，余固笑而不信也。至莫(暮)夜月明，独与迈乘小舟，至绝壁下。大石侧立千尺，如猛兽奇鬼，森然欲搏人;而山上栖鹘(hú)，闻人声亦惊起，磔磔(zh?)云霄间;又有若老人咳且笑于山谷中者，或曰此鹳(guàn)鹤也。余方心动欲还，而大声发于水上，噌(zēng)吰(h?ng)如钟鼓不绝。舟人大恐。徐而察之，则山下皆石穴罅，不知其浅深，微波入焉，涵淡澎湃而此为此也。舟回至两山间，将入港口，有大石当中流，可坐百人，空中而多窍，与风水相吞吐，有窾(kuǎn)坎镗(tāng)鞳(tà)之声，与向之噌吰相应，如乐作焉。因笑谓迈曰:“汝识之乎,噌吰者，周景王之无射也，窾坎镗鞳者，魏庄子之歌钟也。古之人不余欺也～” 事不目见耳闻，而臆断其有无，可乎,骊元之所见闻，殆于余同，而言之不详;士大夫终不肯以小舟夜泊绝壁之下，故莫能知～而渔工水师虽知而不能言。此世所以不传也。而陋者乃以斧斤考击而求之，自以为得其实。余是以记之，盖叹骊元之简，而笑李渤之陋也。 15(五人墓碑记 张溥(明) 字天如 《七录斋集》 五人者，盖当蓼(liǎo)洲周公之被逮(dài)，激于义而死焉者也。至于今，郡之贤士大夫请于当道，即除魏阉废祠之址以葬之;且立石于其墓之门，以旌(jīng)其所为。呜呼，亦盛矣哉～ 夫五人之死，去今之墓而葬焉，其为时止十有一月耳。夫十有一月之中，凡富贵之子，慷慨得志之徒，其疾病而死，死而湮没不足道者，亦已众矣;况草野之无闻者欤,独五人之皦皦(jiǎo)，何也,