八上 unit 5,6现在完成时

现在完成时 基础篇 1、 基本结构: have / has +过去分词 2、 句型： 肯定句：主语 + have / has + 过去分词 + 其他.  否定句：主语 + have / has + not + 过去分词 + 其他. 一般疑问句：Have / Has + 主语 +过去分词 + 其他？ 简略答语：Yes, 主语+have/has.    No, 主语+haven’t / hasn’t. 3、 用法： （1） 表示截止到现在已经完成的动作。 She has read 150 pages today. （2） 表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。 I have spent all of my money (so far). My father has gone to work. （3） 表示在过去某一时刻发生的事情持续到现在，并可能还要延续。 It has been five years since he joined the army. 4、 常与现在完成时连用的时间状语有: （1）already 已经        yet 仍然，还      ever 曾经      never 从未 （2）for + 一段时间： for two hours     Since +时间点：　since 1999, since last year     Since + 一段时间 + ago： since two years ago     Since +从句（用过去时） 5、 动词的过去分词构成规则 （1）规则变化 ① 大部分动词在词尾直接加-ed clean → cleaned    help → helped    ② 以不发音的e结尾的，直接加-d like → liked      live → lived ③ 以辅音字母+y结尾的单词，变y为i 再加ed try → tried        study → studied ④ 重读闭音节词尾只有一个辅音字母的，需要双写最后一个辅音字母再加-ed pPlan → planned      stop → stopped   （2）不规则变化（需根据不规则变化表进行专门记忆）         See → seen              find → found 6、 have been to 表示去过某地，现已返回原地。 have gone to 表示去了某地或已到达目的地或在途中，总之现在未回来。 Have been in 一直在某地 Have you been to Canada? ---- Where is Mary? ---- She has gone to the Great Wall. 1. How long have you _____ here? A. come                B. got                C. arrived                D. been 2. My grandpa died _____ . A. at the age of my 2    B. for 2 years            C. when I was 2        D. my age was 6 3. Jane has _____ to Beijing. She will come back tomorrow. A. been                B. gone                C. went                D. never been 4. It is ten years _____ I last saw her. A. after                B. since                C. for                D. that 5. The Smiths _____ in China for 8 years. A. has lived            B. lived                C. have been            D. live 6. --Hello, this is Mr. Green speaking. Can I speak to Mr. Black?   --Sorry. He _____ the Bainiao Park. A. has been to            B. has gone to            C. went to            D. will go to 7. _____ reading the book yet? A. Have you finished                        B. Were you finishing    C. Had you finished                        D. Are you finishing 8. Our team _____ every match so far this year, but we still have three games to play. A. was winning        B. has won            C. had won            D. wins 9. I shall tell you what he ____at three o’clock yesterday afternoon. A. has done            B. has been done        C. had been doing        D. was doing 10. I _____ my homework now. A. finish                B. finished            C. have finished        D. had finished 11. The evening party _____ .You are a little late. A. just began            B. just has begun        C. has just begun        D. has begun just now 12. The dog is still wet. It _____ out of the rain. A. only just comes                            B. has only just coming    C. was only just come                        D. has only just come 13. I _____ this radio for two years. A. used                B. use                C. have used            D. am used 14. I _____ from my brother for a long time. A. not have heard        B. have not heard        C. have heard not        D. do not hear 15. I _____ a college student for more than a year. A. became            B. have become        C. was                D. have been 16. He _____ home for nearly three weeks. A. has gone away from    B. has left            C. has been away from    D. went away from 17. --Did your brother go to America last year? -- _____ . A. No, he has never go there                    B. No, he has never gone here C. No, he never was there                    D. No, he’s never been there 18. My uncle _____ in that factory since 1958. A. worked            B. had worked            C. is working            D. has worked 19. I _____ her since she was a little girl. A. knew                B. know                C. had known            D. have known 20. His grandfather _____ for thirty years. A. died                B. was dead            C. has been dead        D. has died   1-5 DCBBC        6-10 BABAC        11-15 CDCBD     16-20 CDDDC 提高篇 I. 定义： 表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，也可以表示过去已经开始，一直延续到现在的动作或状态 II. 现在完成时的结构 肯定句：have/has+ done (过去分词) 否定句：主语+have/has+not+ done (过去分词)+其他. 一般疑问句：Have/Has+主语+ done (过去分词)+其他. 简略答语:     Yes, 主语 + have/has.(肯定) No, 主语 + haven't/hasn't.(否定) 注意：表示短暂时间动作的词，如:come，go，die，marry，buy等的完成时不能与for，since等表示一段时间的词连用。用来持续的动作或状态或表过去重复的动作，如live，study，be，wait等，常和since（自从）或for（经历）引导的词语连用。 如：I have lived here for more than thirty years.我已在此住了30多年。 III. 现在完成时的标志  1.　现在完成时的含义之一是过去完成的动作对现在仍有影响, 现在完成时通常和，ever, never, twice（once…）, so far（到目前为止）, since，for，in the past/last few years（在过去几年） , already（肯定句）, yet（否定，疑问句）, just(刚刚), before（以前）, recently（近来） 等词连用 说明：already与yet都有“已经”的意思，但already常用于肯定句，并用于句中。yet常用于否定句和疑问句，并用于句末。例如： I have already finished my homework. I haven’t finished my homework yet. Have you finished your homework yet? They have left. (他们已经离开了,也就是说现在他们人不在这里) I have had my lunch. (我已经吃过午饭了,也就是说我现在不饿) I can’t find my watch now. I think I have already lost it. 2.过去已经开始的动作一直延续到现在, 甚至有可能继续延续下去,我们可以从动作“延续”的特性和“时间”点段的区分入手。 ①for+时段  ②since+过去一个时间点（过去 从句）为标志 注意： 1)现在完成时不能单独与过去的时间状语连用, 如yesterday, last week, three years ago 等; 2)不能与when连用 IV. 现在完成时的用法 A．表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，强调对现在造成的影想或结果）。例如： The car has arrived.　车子来了。（结果：车子已在门口） Someone has broken the window.有人把窗户打破了。（结果：窗户仍破着） B. 表示过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态，可以和表示从过去某一时刻延续到现在（包括“现在”在内）的一段时间的状语连用,如for+时间段、since+过去的时间点、疑问词how long等。例如： My uncle has worked at this factory for five years. 我叔叔在这个工厂工作已经五年了。 Mr. Black has lived in China since 2002. 自从2002年Mr. Black 一直住在中国。 How long have you been here? 你来这里多久了？ 注意：此种用法中表示持续动作或状态的动词必须是延续性动词（否定句除外）。例如： (1)这本书我已经买了三个月了。 错误：I have bought the book for three months. 正确：I have had the book for three months. (2)你哥哥参军多长时间了？ 错误：How long has your brother joined the army? 正确：How long has your brother been in the army/been a soldier? 延续性动词与非延续性动词之间的转换 leave --- be away      borrow --- keep    buy --- have  die --- be dead    begin/start --- be on    finish --- be over    fall ill ---be ill get up---be up    catch a cold --- have a cold    put on→ wear come/become/go --- be here    fall asleep --- be asleep get to/ arrive/reach --- be (in)        get to know --- know  join----be a member of ...  (成为…的一员)    open ---be open close ---be closed 用相应的延续性动词替换短暂性动词，句中谓语动词用现在完成时，时间状语为“for＋时间段”或“since＋时间点”。如： He has been in the Green China for three years. He has been a member of the Green China for three years. 他加入“绿色中国”已经三年了。 The old man died 4 years ago.---- The old man has been dead for 4 years. He joined the Party 2 years ago.---- He has been in the Party for 2 years. I bought the book 5 days ago.----  I have had the book for 5 days. 表示时间段的短语有: for+一段时间(for 2 years), since+从句(since he came here), since+时间点名词( since last year, since 5 days ago),how long; for a long time等。 V. 现在完成时态与一般过去时态的区别 1一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情，强调动作；现在完成时为过去发生的，强调过去的事情对现在的影响，强调的是影响。 I saw this film yesterday.（强调动作发生的时间是yesterday 。） I have seen this film.（强调对现在的影响，电影的内容已经知道了。） 2一般过去时和表示过去的时间状语连用，如：…ago, last week/... In 2008, in the past, just now, the day before yesterday,  yesterday ... then(那时),that day, one day, once(从前) 现在完成时常和recently（近来），ever, never, twice, so far（到目前为止）, since，for，in the past/last few years , already（肯定句）, yet（否定，疑问句）, just(刚刚), before（以前）连用。现在完成时不与表示过去的时间状语连用。 现在完成时可表示持续到现在的动作或状态，动词一般是延续性的，如live, teach, learn, work, study, know. VI. 比较since和for since 后接时间点， for后接时间段，试比较： I have lived here for more than twenty years. I have lived here since I was born. My aunt has worked in a company since 1949. I have not heard from my uncle for a long time. VII. 比较 have/has been to、have/has gone to 和 have been in have(has) been to...表示“曾去过某地，已经从那里回来了”，可以和ever、never、twice等连用。have(has) gone to表示“已经去了某地，在去那里的途中或到达那里还没有回来”。have(has) been in 表示“在某地呆多长时间”，常与表示一段时间的状语连用，如：since, for, how long 等 He went to Shanghai last week 上周他去了上海 He has been to Shanghai. 他(曾经)到/去过上海.(但他人现在肯定不是在上海而是回来了) He has gone to Shanghai. 他已经去上海了.(也许刚动身出发,也许已经到了,也许还在路上,反正他人不在这里) Mr. Brown has been in Shanghai for three days. 布朗先生来上海已经有三天了 I. 延续性动词和瞬间性动词之间的转化 1.He died 10 years ago. ——He ______________ for 10 years / since 10 years ago. 2. He borrowed the book 2 weeks ago. ——He _____________the book for 2 weeks. 3. He bought the motorbike a month ago. ——He ___________the motorbike for a month. 4. He arrived here three days ago.—He ____________here since three days ago. 5. They turned off the light 2 hours ago. —— The light __________for 2 hours. 6. He left here 2 years ago.——— He ____________from here for 2 years. 7. The film began 30 minutes ago. ——The film __________ for 30 minutes. 8. They opened the door an hour ago. —— The door __________ for an hour. 9. They closed the door an hour ago. ——The door ___________for an hour. 10. He joined the army last year. ——He _____________ a _______ for a  year.  He _____________ the army for a year. It ____ a year ____ he joined the army. Ⅱ 单项选择。 1、----When did the old man die？ -----In 2010. He _______ for nearly three years. A. died            B. has died          C. has been dead        D. dies 2、Great changes have taken place since we _______ E-Times. And the computer is widely used throughout the world.     A. entered          B. will enter        C. have entered          D. enter 3、Joe, my close friend, moved to Beijing years ago, and I _______ him since then.     A. don’t see        B. didn’t see        C. haven’t seen        D. won’t see 4、Our English teacher is very nice. We ______ friends since three years ago.（2012.广东中考） A. were            B. became        C. have been        D. have made 5、--- How long have you ______ the motorbike?   --- For about two weeks.     A. bought          B. had            C. borrowed        D. lent 6、--- Doctor, I caught a bad cold, and I had a sore throat.     --- How long ______ like this?     A. did you          B. were you        C. have you been    D. do you 7、Hurry up! The film _______  for ten minutes.(2006辽宁)     A． has been on    B. began        C. had begun      D. has begun 8、My aunt isn’t here. She _______ Shanghai on business. She will be back in three days.(2007重庆)     A． went          B. has gone to      C. has been to      D. will go to 9、Zhao Lan _______ already _______ in this school for two years.     A. was; studying    B. will; study      C. has studied      D. are; studying 10、Harry Potter is a very nice film. I _______ it twice.     A. will see          B. have seen      C. saw          D. see 11、---_______ you _____ your homework yet?     --- Yes. I _____ it a moment ago.     A. Did; do; finished                          B. Have; done; finished     C. Have; done; have finished                  D. will; do; finish 12、--- Do you know him well?     --- Sure. We _______ friends since ten years ago.     A. were          B. have been        C. have become    D. have made 13、My parents _______ Shanghai for ten years.     A. have been in                            B. have been to     C. have gone to                            D. have been 14、______ has Mr White been a member of Greener China since he _____ to China?     A. How soon; comes                        B. How often; got     C. How long; came                        D. How far; arrived 15、His uncle ______ for more than 9 years.     A. has come here                          B. has started to work     C. has lived there                          D. has left the university Ⅲ、句型转换。 1、He has never surfed, ____________ ?（改成附加疑问句）  2、They have been here since 2001. (提问) ___________ have they been here? 3、The old man _________ last year. He ____________for a year. (die) （动词填空） 4、This factory opened twenty years ago.(同义句转换)   This factory ____________________ for twenty years. 5、Miss Green left an hour ago. (同义句转换) Miss Green ____________________  an hour ago. 6、Her mother has been a Party member for three years .（同义句） 　 Her mother _______ the Party three years ________ . Ⅳ完成句子。 1、 我住在这二十多年了。 I _____ _____ here _____ more than twenty years. 2、 我姑姑从1994年起就在这个学校工作。 My aunt _____ ______ in this school _____ 1994. 3、 从小李是一个小女孩的时候，我就认识她了。 I ______ _______ Xiaoli since she ______ a little girl. 4、 她离开家乡很多年了。几乎没有人认识她了。 She ____ ____ _____ ____her hometown for many years. Nearly no one knows her. 5、 自从史密斯先生搬到上海，我就再也没有他的消息了。 I ______ ______ ______ Mr. Smith since he moved to Shanghai. 巩固篇 一、单项选择 1. --Are you going to the bank, Laura?   --No, I _____ to the bank already.【2011江苏徐州】 A. have been          B. have gone          C. am going            D. had been 2. So far this year, many new houses _____ in Wenchuan with the help of the government.【2011四川资阳】 A. build                B. are built            C. will build            D. have been built 3. My grandmother _____ a lot of changes in Tianjin since she came here.【2011天津】 A. sees                B. can see            C. will see            D. has seen 4. I _____ many new friends since I came here. 【2011贵州毕节】 A. make                B. made                C. will make            D. have made 5. --Why won't you go to the movie with me, Gina?   --Because I _____ it twice.【2011襄阳】 A. see                B. have seen            C. saw                D. will see 6. --Where's your father, Tom? --He _____ to Changsha.【2011湖南永州】 A. goes                B. went                C. has gone 7. Mr. White came to our school in 2001 , and since then he _____ us English.【2011盐城】 A. teaches            B. taught                C. has taught            D. will teach 8. --China develops so fast. --That's true. It _____ a lot already. 【2011安徽芜湖】 A. changes            B. changed            C. will change            D. has changed 9. --May I speak to Mary?   --Sorry, she isn't in. She _____ to Japan and will come back in two weeks.【2011湖南衡阳】 A. has been            B. has gone            C. is going 10. --Are Li Yan and Wang Mei still living in Pingba?   --No, they _____ to Shanghai.【2011贵州安顺】 A. had moved            B. moved                C. will move            D. have moved 11. Mr. Fan _____ this watch in 1999. He _____ it for 6 years. 【2011泸州市】 A .bought; has had        B. bought; has            C. has bought; has had    D. has bought; had 12. Mrs. Weng came back from France in 2008. She _____ there for four years.【2011福建莆田】 A. works                B. worked            C. has worked 13. I _____ my hometown for a long time, I really miss it!【2011重庆】 A. left                                    B. went away from        C. have left                                D. have been away from 14. --Where is John?   --He _____ the science lab.【2011广安市】 A. has gone to            B. has been to            C. went to 15. -- How do you like your English teacher?   -- He is great. We _____ friends since three years ago.【2011兰州】 A. were                B. have made            C. have been            D. have become 16. --Hi, guys. Where are you heading now?   --Home. We _____ all our money, so we have to walk home now.【2011山东威海】 A. spend                B. spent                C. have spent            D. are spending 17. -- _____ you _____ the movie Gongfu Panda II?【2011四川内江】 -- Not yet. I’ll see it this Sunday. A. Did; see            B. Do; see            C. Have; seen 18. He promised to pick me up at the school gate. However, he _____ yet.【2011安徽】 A. didn't arrive        B. doesn't arrive      C. isn't arriving        D. hasn't arrived 19. -- Have you ever been to Nanning?    -- Yes, _____ .【2011桂林】 A. I was                B. I do                C. I am                D. I have 20. I _____ my homework, I guess I can't join you.【2011河北省】 A. don't finish            B. didn't finish            C. haven't finished        D. won't finish 答案: 1-5 ADDDB        6-10 CCDBD        11-15 ACDAC     16-20 CCDDC 不规则动词巧记表  AAA型   过去式、过去分词与原形一致   原形             过去式             过去分词             词义 cut               cut                cut                   切、割 shut              shut               shut                  关、闭（门窗） put               put                put                   放置 let                let                let                    让 set               set                 set                   设置 hit               hit                 hit                   撞击 hurt              hurt                hurt                  受伤；疼痛 cost              cost                cost                  值…钱；花费 read [ri:d]         read [red]            read [red]             朗读；阅读   AAB型   过去式与原形一致   beat              beat                beaten                击败   ABA型   过去分词与原形一 run              ran                 run                   跑步；逃跑 come            came                come                 来 become          became              become               变得；成为                                                                                                                     ABB型   过去式与过去分词一致   buy             bought               bought                买 fight            fought                fought                打架；打仗 think            thought               thought               想；认为 seek             sought                sought               寻找；探究 bring            brought               brought               带来   catch            caught                caught                抓住；接住 teach            taught                taught                 教；教书   lend             lent                  lent                   借出 send             sent                 sent                   送；派遣 spend            spent                spent             花费（时间、金钱） build             built                built            建设；建立 feel              felt                 felt                  感觉；摸起来 leave             left                 left                    离开 keep             kept                 kept                   保持；保留 sleep             slept                slept                    睡觉 oversleep         overslept           overslept         睡过头 sweep            swept             swept                  打扫 mean [mi:n]       meant [ment]         meant [ment]             意思是 learn             learnt / learned        learnt /learned            学；学会 burn             burnt / burned         burnt / burned           燃烧；烧伤 hear [hiE]         heard [hE:d]          heard [hE:d]             听见   lead              led                 led                    领导；致使 mislead           misled              misled               把…引错方向 feed              fed                 fed                    喂养；喂食 flee              fled                 fled                    逃跑 meet              met                met                    遇见；碰到 shoot             shot                shot                    射击 light              lit / lighted          lit / lighted               点燃   get               got                 got                    获得；得到 win              won                won                    获胜；赢得 sit               sat                  sat                    坐下 dig              dug                 dug                    挖掘 stick             stuck                stuck                   刺；戳 hang             hung                hung                   悬挂 hang             hanged              hanged                  绞死   sell              sold                 sold                    出售 tell              told                 told                     告诉 smell            smelt                smelt                    闻；嗅 spell             spelt                spelt                     拼写 hold             held                 held                   拿着；握住   find             found                found                  找到；发现   stand            stood                 stood                  站立 understand        understood            understood             理解   lay              laid                  laid                   下蛋 pay             paid                  paid                   付款 say [sei]         said [sed]              said [sed]               说 have /has        had                   had                    有 make           made                  made                  制作 shine           shone / shined           shone / shined           照耀 lose [lu:z]       lost [lRst]               lost [lRst]               丢失   ABC型   原形、过去式、过去分词不一致 begin           began                 begun                 开始 drink           drank                 drunk                  喝；饮 ring            rang                  rung              铃（响）；打电话 sing            sang                  sung                   唱歌 sink            sank                  sunk                   下沉 swim           swam                 swum                  游泳   blow           blew                  blown                  吹；刮风 fly             flew                  flown                飞；放（风筝） know           knew [nju:]            known                  知道；懂得 grow           grew                  grown                 种植；生长 throw          threw                  thrown                  扔；投 draw           drew                  drawn                   绘画   show           showed                shown               出示；给…看 break           broke                 broken               打破；不服从 speak           spoke                 spoken                  说话 steal            stole                  stolen                   偷 choose          chose                 chosen                  选择 freeze           froze                 frozen                   冻结 wake           woke                  woke / woken         醒来；唤醒 forget          forgot                  forgotten                 忘记   take            took                   taken                    拿走 mistake         mistook                mistaken                  错拿 shake           shook                 shaken               摇动；握（手） eat             ate                    eaten                     吃 fall             fell                   fallen                  落下；摔倒 rise             rose                   risen [rizn]             上升；上涨 drive           drove                  driven [drivn]               驾驶 give            gave                   given                     给 forgive        forgave                forgiven                   原谅 see             saw                   seen                       看见   ride            rode                   ridden                骑（车、马） hide            hid                    hidden                    躲藏 bite            bit                     bitten                     咬 forbid         forbade / forbad          forbidden              禁止；不许 write           wrote                  written                     书写   bear           bore                    born                   忍受 tear           tore                     torn                    撕破 wear          wore                    worn              穿、戴（衣帽等）   am / is         was                    been                    是 are            were                   been                    是 do / does       did                    done                     做 go            went                   gone                     去 lie            lay                     lain                     躺；卧