高中英语阅读理解精题选集(附答案、解析、翻译)高一作业

阅读理解 Passage 1 There are stories about two U．S . presidents，Andrew Jackson and Martin Van Buren，which attempt to explain the American English term OK．We don’t know if either story is true，but they are both interesting． The first explanation is based on the fact that President Jackson had very little education．In fact，he had difficulty reading and writing．When important papers came to Jackson，he tried to read them and then had his assistants explain what they said．If he approved of a paper．he would write“all correct”on it．The problem was that he didn’t know how to spell．So what he really wrote was“ol korekt”．After a while，he shortened that term to“OK”． The second explanation is based on the place where President Van Buren was born，Kinderhook，New York．Van Bnren’s friends organized a club to help him become President They caned the club the Old Kinderhook Club，and anyone who supported Van Buren was called“OK”． Passage 1 这里要讲述Andrew Jackson 和Martin Van Buren这2届美国总统的小。这2个小故事也许可以解释美语中OK一词的来历。故事的真实性我们不得而知，不过却很有意思。 第一个解释来源于总统Andrew Jackson的故事。Andrew Jackson几乎没有受到过什么教育，事实上，他对于日常的读写都有困难。当收到重要文件的时候，在尝试阅读之后，还是让他的助手帮忙解释文件的内容。如果批准一份文件，Andrew Jackson就在上面写“all correct”。麻烦的是，他不知道怎么这2个单词怎么拼写，因此，实际上他在文件上写的是“ol korekt”。过了不久，他又把这2个单词缩写为“OK”。 第二个解释来源于总统Martin Van Buren的家乡的名字——纽约的Kinderhook。为了帮助Van Buren成为总统，他的朋友为此组织了一个社团。他们把这个社团叫做Old Kinderhook Club，社团中支持Van Buren的人都被称为“OK” 31．The author C A. believes both of the stories B．doesn’t believe a word of the stories C．is not sure whether the stories are true D. is telling the stories just for fun 32. According to the passage，President Jackson D _ A．couldn’t draw up any documents at all B. didn’t like to read important papers by himself C．often had his assistants sign documents for him D .wasn’t good at reading，writing or spelling 33．According to the first story, the term “OK” C A. was approved of by President Jackson B．was the title of some Official documents C．was first used by President Jackson D．was an old way to spell“all correct’’ 34 .According to the second story，the term‘‘OK” D A．was the short way to say‘‘old Kinderhook Club” B．meant the place where President Van Buren was born C．was the name of Van Buren’s club D．was used to call Van Buren’s supporters in the election 35．According to the second story．the term“OK”was first used _B_ A．by Van Buren B．in a presidential election C．to organize the Old Kinderhook Club D．by the members of the‘‘Old Kinderhook Club” Passage 2 Although the United States covers so much land and the land produces far more food than the present population needs，its people are by now almost entirely an urban society Less than a tenth of the people are engaged in agriculture and forestry(林业)，and most of the rest live in or around towns，small and large．Here the traditional picture is changing：every small town may still be very like other small towns，and the typical small town may represent a widely accepted view of the country，but most Americans do not live in small towns any more．Half the population now lives in some thirty metropolitan areas(1arge cities with their suburbs、of more than a million people each—a larger proportion than in Germany or England，let alone France．The statistics(统计)of urban and rural population should be treated with caution because so many people who live in areas classified as rural travel by car to work in a nearby town each day．As the rush to live out of town continues．rural areas within reach of towns are gradually filled with houses，so that it is hard to say at what moment a piece of country becomes a suburb But more and more the typical American lives in a metropolitan rather than a small town environment． Passage 2 尽管美国幅员辽阔，而且土地所产出的粮食远远超过现有人口的需求，现今的美国却几乎完全是个都市化的国家。不足十分之一的人口在从事农业和林业，而剩余的大多数人都居住在大大小小的城镇中或者城镇的周围。传统的景象在这里不断发生着变化：小的城镇之间仍然彼此十分相似，典型的小城镇还是呈现出大家心目中的乡村的风貌；但是大部分的美国人却不再住在小城镇了。现在半数的人口都在大约30几个大都市地区（包括附近郊区的大型城市）——这种大都市地区的人口都在百万以上，总的都市人口数量远远超过德国和英国，更不用说法国了。城市和乡村的人口统计需要特别对待，因为我们所谓的住在乡村的人们，每天都会开车前往附近的城镇工作。当远离城镇居住的热潮持续的情况下，城镇周围的乡村地区逐渐盖满了房屋。那么说不定什么时候，一块乡村的地区就变成了城市的郊区。不过，典型的美国人还是越来越趋向于居住在大都市而不是小城镇的环境中。 36．If now America has 250 million people．how many of them are engaged in agriculture and forestry? ( C ) A．About 25 million． B．More than 25 million． C．Less than 25 million． D. Less than 225 million 37．Which of the following four countries has the smallest proportion of people living in metropolitan areas? ( C ) A．United States． B．Germany． C．France．D．England． 38．What’s the meaning of the word“metropolitan”in the middle of the passage? (A) A .Of a large city with its suburbs． B．Of small and large towns． C．Of urban areas． D．Of rural areas． 39．According to the passage，what can we learn about small towns in the United States?(B) A Most small towns become gradually crowded B．Small towns are still similar to each other． C．As the traditional picture is changing，towns are different． D .Small towns are turning into large cities 40．Why is it hard to say when a piece of country becomes a suburb?( C ) A．Because they are the same． B．Because the rush takes place too quickly C．Because the process is gradual． D．Because more and more Americans live in metropolitan areas． Passage 3 If we were asked exactly what we were doing a year ago，we should probably have to say that we could not remember But if we had kept a book and had written in it an account of what we did each day，we should be able to give an answer to the question. It is the same in history Many things have been forgotten because we do not have any written account of them Sometimes men did keep a record of the most important happenings in their country，but often it was destroyed by fire or in a war．Sometimes there was never any written record at all because the people of that time and place did not know how to Write．For example，we know a good deal about the people who lived in China 4，000 years ago, because they could write and leave written records for those who lived after them．But we know almost nothing about the people who lived even 200 years ago in central Africa． because they had not learned to write． Sometimes．of course，even if the people cannot write，they may know something of the past．They have heard about it from older people，and often songs and dances and stories have been made about the most important happenings，and these have been sung and acted and told for many generations For most people are proud to tell what their fathers did in the past．This we may call ’remembered history’．Some of it has now been written down. It is not so exact or so valuable to us as written history is，because words are much more easily changed when used again and again in speech than when copied in writing．But where there are no written records，such spoken stories are often very helpful． Passage 3 当我们被问起准确的说书一年之前的这个时候我们正在做什么，我们可能不得不承认记不得了。但是，如果我们有个册子，上面记录了每天我们做过什么的话，这个问题就不难给出答案了。 对于历史的记录也是如此。许多事情由于没有任何书面的记录而被人遗忘。有时也有人会对于他们国家发生的重要事件进行记录，但是这些记录往往毁于火灾或者战乱。有时也因为那个地方或那个时代的人不会写字，而根本不会有书面记录的存在。譬如说，因为中国4千年前的古人会写字而且给后人留下了很多文献，所以我们对那个时代的中国人十分了解；但是对于甚至2百年前的中非人，由于他们不会写字，而使我们对其几乎一无所知。 当然了，有的时候就算人们不会写字，对于过去的历史也会多少有些了解。也许是从老一辈的那里听说的，或者从一些由重大事件编出的歌曲和舞蹈中了解的——这些传说和歌舞是从很多辈人流传下来的。很多人都喜欢夸耀他们的父辈在过去的丰功伟绩，我们把这个叫做“remembered history”（记忆中的历史）。现在一些记忆中的历史已经变成了文字而保留了下来。由于反复经过口头传送的历史远比书面记录的历史变化大，这种历史不如书面历史那么精确和有价值。但是，在没有书面历史存在的时候，这种口头流传的故事就很有帮助了。 41. Which of the following ideas is not suggested in the passage?(D ) A．“Remembered history”，compared with written history，is less reliable B．Written records of the past play the most important role in our learning of the human history． C．A written account of our daily activities helps US to be able to answer many questions． D．Where there are no written records．there is no history． 42．We know very little about the central Africa 200 years ago because _D__ A．there was nothing worth being written down at that time B .the people there ignored the importance of keeping a record C．the written records were perhaps destroyed by a fire D．the people there did not know how to write 43．“Remembered history”refers to _D__． A．history based on a person’s imagination B .stories of important happenings passed down from mouth to mouth C .songs and dances about the most important events D .both B and C 44．“Remembered history”is regarded as valuable only when __B___. A. it is written down B .no written account is available C．it proves to be time D．people are interested in it 45 .The passage suggests that we could have learned much more about our past than we do now if the ancient people had _A____ A．kept a written record of every past event B. not burnt their written records in wars C．told exact stories of the most important happenings D．made more songs and dances Passage 1 When Mrs．Joseph Groeger died recently in Vienna，Austria，people asked the obvious，“Why did she live to be 107?”Answers were provided by a survey conducted among 148 Viennese men and women who had reached the age of 100．Somewhat surprising was the fact that the majority had lived most of their lives in cities．In spite of the city’s image as an unhealthy place，city living often provides benefits that country living can lack．One factor seems to be important to the longevity(长寿)of those interviewed． This factor is exercise．in the cities it is often faster to walk short distances than to wait for a bus．Even taking public transportation often requires some walking．Smaller apartment houses have no elevators(电梯)，and so people must climb stairs．City people can usually walk to local supermarkets Since parking spaces are hard to find，there is often no alternative to walking． On the other hand，those who live in the country and suburbs do not have to walk every day．In fact，the opposite is often true．To go to school，work，or almost anywhere else，they must ride in cars． Passage 1 在奥地利的维也纳，最近当一位名为Joseph Groeger的老妇人过世的时候，人们忍不住要问：“为什么她可以活到107岁呢？”当对148个100岁以上的维也纳人进行调查之后，我们得出了答案。有点让人惊讶的是，这些人中的多数人都大部分的人生都是在都市生活的。尽管城市给我们的印象一直都是不利于健康的，但是城市生活往往提供一些乡村缺乏的便利。其中有一个就是这些被调查者长寿的重要因素。 这个因素就是锻炼。在城市，对于比较短的路程，往往走路比你等着坐公车去更快捷。就算去搭乘一些公共交通工具也经常要走一段路程。较小的公寓一般没有电梯，人们就不得不爬楼。城市人还经常步行去附近的超市买东西。在停车位如此难找的情况下，往往没有别的选择只有步行。 另一方面，那些住在乡村和郊区的人反而无需每天走路。事实上，他们每天都乘坐交通工具，去上学，去上班，或者去其他任何地方，都必须开车前往。 Passage 1 在奥地利的维也纳，最近当一位名为Joseph Groeger的老妇人过世的时候，人们忍不住要问：“为什么她可以活到107岁呢？”当对148个100岁以上的维也纳人进行调查之后，我们得出了答案。有点让人惊讶的是，这些人中的多数人都大部分的人生都是在都市生活的。尽管城市给我们的印象一直都是不利于健康的，但是城市生活往往提供一些乡村缺乏的便利。其中有一个就是这些被调查者长寿的重要因素。 这个因素就是锻炼。在城市，对于比较短的路程，往往走路比你等着坐公车去更快捷。就算去搭乘一些公共交通工具也经常要走一段路程。较小的公寓一般没有电梯，人们就不得不爬楼。城市人还经常步行去附近的超市买东西。在停车位如此难找的情况下，往往没有别的选择只有步行。 另一方面，那些住在乡村和郊区的人反而无需每天走路。事实上，他们每天都乘坐交通工具，去上学，去上班，或者去其他任何地方，都必须开车前往。 31．The Vienna survey may help to explain ___C__ A．the complaints of people in apartment houses B．the cause of Mrs Groeger’s death C．the longevity of people like Mrs．Groeger D. the image of cities in general 32．The purpose of the second paragraph is to list some __B___ A．benefits of walking B．occasions for walking in city life C. comments made by city people D．problems of city living 33．To reach the third floor of a building．it would probably be most healthful _B_ A. to take the elevator B．to walk up the stairs C．to ride in a car D．to find an alternative to walking 34．People who live in the country probably do more driving than walking because _A_ A．they don’t live near business areas B. they don’t need the exercise C．they never have parking problems D．they can’t afford to take the bus 35．A conclusion that can be drawn from this passage is that _D___ A．air pollution is not serious B．anyone can live to be 107 C．country people should move to the city D．walking is a healthful exercise Passage 2 For any Englishman，there can never be any discussion as to who is the world’s greatest dramatist(剧作家)．Only one name can possibly suggest itself to him：that of William Shakespeare Every Englishman has some knowledge，however slight，of the work of our greatest writer．All of US use words，phrases and quotations from Shakespeare’s writings that have become part of the common property of the English-speaking people．Most of the time we are probably unaware of the source of the words we used，rather like the old lady who was taken to see a performance of Hamlet and complained that it was full of well—known proverbs and quotations． Shakespeare，more perhaps than any other writer，makes full use of the great resources of the English language．Most of US use about five thousand words in our normal use of English；Shakespeare in his works used about twenty-five thousand． There is probably no better way for a foreigner to appreciate the richness and variety of the English language than by studying the various ways in which Shakespeare used it．Such a study is well worth the effort(it is not，of course，recommended to beginners)even though some aspects of English usage，and the meaning of many words，have changed since Shakespeare’s day． Passage 2 当提及谁是世界上最伟大的剧作家，对于每个英国人来说，答案都毫无疑义。只有一个名字值得这个称号——莎士比亚。对于我们这个最伟大的剧作家，每个英国人都有些了解，即使很少。从莎翁的剧作中我们拿来使用的单词，习语和引用，已经变成了英语使用者的通用词库中的一部分。很多时候我们可能不知道自己使用的词语的来源，就好像一个去看过哈姆雷特的老妪回来之后抱怨剧中充满了大家都知道的谚语和引用语。 莎翁与其它作者相比，更充分的利用了英语语言这一资源。大多数的人日常使用不过5000英语词汇而已，但是莎翁在他的作品中使用了2万5千左右的词汇。 对于一个外国人来说，研读莎翁对英语丰富多彩的使用是欣赏英语丰富性和多样性最好的手段。虽说从莎翁的年代至今，一些英语的用法，许多单词的意义发生了变化，但是对莎翁作品的研究是十分有意义的。（当然，对于初学英语的人不太推荐。） 36. English people __C____ A．have never discussed who is the world’s greatest dramatist B．never discuss any issue concerning the world’s greatest dramatist C．are sure who is the world’s greatest dramatist D．do not care who is the world’s greatest poet and dramatist 37．Every Englishman knows __A____ A．more or less about Shakespeare B．Shakespeare，but only slightly C．all Shakespeare’s writings D．only the name of the greatest English writer 38．Which of the following is true? C A．We use all the words，phrases and quotations from Shakespeare’S writings． B．Shakespeare’s writings have become the property of those who are learning to speak English． C．It is likely to be true that people often do not know the origins of the words they use D All the words people use are taken from the writings of Shakespeare 39．What does the word “proverb” mean? A A．Familiar sayings B．Shakespeare’s plays． C．Complaints． D．Actors and actresses． 40．Why is it worthwhile to study the various ways in which Shakespeare used English? B A．English words have changed a lot since Shakespeare’S time． B．By doing SO one can be fully aware of the richness of the English language C. English words are now being used in the same way as in Shakespeare’s time D. Beginners may have difficulty learning some aspects of English usage Passage 3 Trees are useful to man in three very important ways：they provide him wood and other products；they give him shade；and they help to prevent drought(干旱)and floods． Unfortunately，in many parts of the world，man has not realized that the third of these services is the most important．In his eagerness to draw quick profit from the trees，he has cut them down in large numbers Two thousand years ago，a rich and powerful country cut down its trees to build warships，with which to gain itself an empire It gained the empire but，without its trees，its soil became bare and poor．When the empire fell to pieces，the country found itself faced by floods and starvation． Even where a government realizes the importance of a plentiful supply of trees，it is difficult sometimes to make the people realize this．They cut down the trees but are too careless to plant and look after new trees So，unless the government has a good system of control，or can educate the people，the forests slowly disappear This does not only mean that there will be fewer trees．The results are even more serious：for where there are trees，their roots break the soil up，allowing the rain to sink in， and also bind the soil．This prevents the soil from being washed away．But where there are no trees，the rainfalls on hard ground and flows away on the surface，and this causes floods and the rain carries away the rich topsoil in which crops grow When a11 the topsoil is gone．nothing remains but worthless desert． Passage 3 树木对于人来说有3个重要益处：树木给人类提供木材和其他产物；树木可以让人们乘凉；树木可有效地防止旱涝灾害。 可惜的是，在世界上许多地方，人类没有认识到以上三个作用中，第三个是最重要的。人们急切于从树木上快速的谋取利益，于是大量的砍伐森林。 两千年之前，有一个富裕和强大的国家。为了建立帝国，砍倒了树木来造战舰。帝国建立了，但是，没有树木的土地变得荒芜和贫瘠。当帝国四分五裂的时候，整个国家发觉自己面临的是水灾和饥荒。 就算在政府认识到足够的树木储备的重要性时，有时却很难让人民也意识到这点。人们砍倒了树木，却疏于种植和照料树苗。因此，除非政府建立一套体制来控制或者教育人们，否则森林就会渐渐消失。 森林的消失不仅仅意味着树木的减少，还有更严重的后果。在有树的地方，树根不仅把土壤粉碎成小块，便于雨水的渗入，还可以牢牢的抓住泥土，防止泥土被冲刷走。但是在没有书的地方，雨水直接落在坚硬的地面，在土地表面流走。这不仅会导致洪水，雨水还会带走庄稼赖于生长的肥沃的表层土。当所有的表层土被冲走之后，除了毫无价值的沙漠之外，什么也没有了。 Passage 3 树木对于人来说有3个重要益处：树木给人类提供木材和其他产物；树木可以让人们乘凉；树木可有效地防止旱涝灾害。 可惜的是，在世界上许多地方，人类没有认识到以上三个作用中，第三个是最重要的。人们急切于从树木上快速的谋取利益，于是大量的砍伐森林。 两千年之前，有一个富裕和强大的国家。为了建立帝国，砍倒了树木来造战舰。帝国建立了，但是，没有树木的土地变得荒芜和贫瘠。当帝国四分五裂的时候，整个国家发觉自己面临的是水灾和饥荒。 就算在政府认识到足够的树木储备的重要性时，有时却很难让人民也意识到这点。人们砍倒了树木，却疏于种植和照料树苗。因此，除非政府建立一套体制来控制或者教育人们，否则森林就会渐渐消失。 森林的消失不仅仅意味着树木的减少，还有更严重的后果。在有树的地方，树根不仅把土壤粉碎成小块，便于雨水的渗入，还可以牢牢的抓住泥土，防止泥土被冲刷走。但是在没有书的地方，雨水直接落在坚硬的地面，在土地表面流走。这不仅会导致洪水，雨水还会带走庄稼赖于生长的肥沃的表层土。当所有的表层土被冲走之后，除了毫无价值的沙漠之外，什么也没有了。 41．Trees are useful to man mainly in three ways，the most important of which is that they can __D__ A. keep him from the hot sunshine B．enable him to build warships C．make him draw quick profit from them D .protect him from droughts and floods 42．It’s a great pity that _C___ A．man is only interested in building empires B．man is eager to profit from trees C．man hasn’t realized the importance of trees to him D. man hasn’t found out that he has lost all trees 43．Sooner or later the forests will disappear __C____． A. unless a country has a plenty supply of trees B．unless people stop cutting down their trees C．unless aIl people are taught the importance of planting trees D．unless the government punishes those who cut trees instead of planting them 44．The word“bind”in Paragraph 5 means“__C___” A．to wash away B．to make wet C．to make stay together D．to improve 45. When there is a heavy rain．trees can help to prevent floods．as they can. B A．keep rain from falling down to soft ground B，cause the soil to allow rainwater to sink in C．prevent the soil from being washed away D .make the topsoil stick together Passage 1 Dr．Harvey Gates，the noted scientist，might never have discovered the Kamron lizard(蜥蜴)in Blovia，if it had not been for a childhood accident As a boy，he was determined to become a baseball player，but when he broke his arm in practice at the age of fourteen and was forced to stay off the playing field for a while，he took notice of the natural world around him and liked what he saw After he had recovered from his injury，he caught a squirrel(松鼠)and raised it as a pet．Soon he was bringing home snakes and other creatures from the woods near his school． In 1962，he entered Blakeford College and majored in biology By 1966 he had received his Bachelor(学士)of Science degree and two years later at Drysdale University， he received his Doctor of Science degree．It was while he was doing field research for his doctoral studies in South America in 1967 that he discovered and named the Kamron lizard．This animal was different from others of its kind in that it had only four toes on its front feet． In other respects，it was similar to others of the same family It could change its color and go for long periods without food． 31．0f the four statements，which one best indicates the author’s idea? B A．Dr．Gates is a scientist who can always attract the public attention to his research． B．Dr．Gates is a very famous scientist，though he wanted to be a sportsman at first C Dr．Gates is a scientist who always carries a notebook with him wherever he Goes. D．Dr．Gates is very popular for his determination to become a baseball player 32