nullTherapies for psychological disordersTherapies for psychological disorders应用心理学
李静静ContentsContentsnullhumanistic [ֽhju:mə'nistik] 人本主义的,人道主义的
bewildering [bi'wildəriŋ] 令人迷惑的,令人产生混乱的
retreat [ri'tri:t] 撤退,后退,逃避
client-centered therapy 以人为中心疗法
self-actualize ['æktʃuəlaiz] 自我实现
Incongruence [in'kɔŋɡruəns] 不一致;不协调
gestalt [ɡə'ʃtɑ:lt] therapy 格式塔疗法
existentialist [ֽeɡzis'tenʃəlist] approaches
存在主义疗法
nullauthentic [ɔ:'θentik] 真正的;真实的;可信的
group therapies 团体疗法
couples counseling 夫妻咨询
family therapy 家庭疗法
support groups 支持小组
restate[ֽri:'steit] 重申;复述
Humanistic therapiesHumanistic therapiesCore concept:a whole person in the continual process of changing and of becoming.
origin :freedom to choose&resonsibility
Hitory :existentialist apporches
Major branches : Client-centered therapy&
Gestalt therapyClient-centered therapyClient-centered therapyRepresentative Men: Carl Rogers
Assumption
All people share the basic tendency to self-actualize—to relaize their potential
Task
Help remove barriers that limit the expression of this natural positive tendencynullStrategy — positive relationship
Recognize,accept and clarify a client’s feeling
supportive&restate
Sincerity &Trustworthiness
Unconditional positive regard
Nondirective &unconditional acceptance
Experience the client’s feelings
Gestalt therapyGestalt therapyRepresentative Men: Fritz Pritz&
Laura Ponsner Perls
Assumption
Figures&backgroud
Task
express pent-up feelings
recognize unfinished business from past conflictsnullKey terms
Gestalt
Field theory
Process of forming figures
Self-regulation of the organism
Right here&Right now
unfinished business
contact
energy
nullStrages
Empty-chair
Making the rounds
Reversal technique
Rehearsal exercise
Exaggeration exercise
Staying with the feeling
Gestalt approach to dream Work
null Group therapies 1. Family therapy 2. Marital therapy 3. Support groupsFamily therapyFamily therapyDefinition: a branch of psychotherapy that works with families and couples in intimate relationships to nurture change and deve- lopment.
Focus
family relationships
Psychological spaces
Interpersonal dynamics
null开往春天的地铁null我们相识在一个有着灿烂阳光的午后,弥漫着芬芳的夏日香气,一如我们的欢快幸福null记得当时恋情浓,你爱谈天我爱笑,即使偶尔分开,也会诉说对彼此无尽的思念null今天,我要嫁给你,因为有你,我成为了最美的新娘null婚后的我们,一如既往的幸福着,在咖啡中品味生活的芬芳null那时的我们,彼此就是对方的全部null突然有一天,什么都变了,我们不再那么无话不谈,甚至睡觉的时候也会习惯性的背对背null我们开始变得无法相处,终于……null哭过、闹过之后,却依旧如此,也许,我们不适合吧?可是我还爱他/她,我该怎么办?null没那么糟糕,婚姻疗法为您带来曙光,
让我们爱情的地铁继续前进,
原来最适合我的人还是你婚姻疗法Marital therapyMarital therapyDefinition: Marital therapy is a treatment designed to help improve a marriage by increasing communication and understanding between married partners.
Target :help married couples through any situation that comes up in a marriage.
Infidelity, boredom, lack of desire, abuse, or problems with children
couples in crisis & happy couples Marital therapyMarital therapy Basic Principles
Active principles
Balance principle
Neutral principle
Adjustment principle
Not arranged principleMethod
Review the facts
General method
Mutual relations
Psychological
analysis
Behavior therapy
nullSupport
groupsTraumas Physical&
mental disordersAddictive
behaviorLife transition AA-alcoholics anonymous Basic categoriesnullnullLess expensiveSmall help moreSocial supportpoweradvantagesGroup therapiesThe power
of the group settingThe power
of the group settingLess threatening situation
Use group processes to influence individual
Observe&practice personal skills
An anlogue of the primary family group
Dipel pluralistic ignorance
nullBiomedical therapiesPsycho-
surgeryECTDrug therapynullpsychosurgery[ֽpsaikəu'sə:dʒəri]精神外科学(外科手术)
lithium['liθiəm] salts 锂盐
antianxiety[ֽæntiæŋ'zaiəti] drugs 抗焦虑药物
GABA['ɡæbə] γ-氨基丁酸
prefrontanl lobotomy[ləu'bɔtəmi] 额叶切断术
antipsychotic[ֽæntisai'kɔtik]drugs 抗精神病药物
clozapine [kləuzi'pain]氯氮平
electroconvulsive[iֽlektrəukən'vʌlsiv] therapy
电刺激(点痉挛)疗法
null
tardive['tɑ:div] dyskinesia[ֽdiskai'ni:ziə]
迟发性运动障碍
psychopharmacology['psaikəuֽfɑ:mə'kɔlədʒi]
心理药理学
antidepressant[ֽæntidi'presənt] drugs 抗抑郁药物
prozac['prəuzæk] 百忧解
meta-analysis [ֽmetəə'nælisis] 元分析
barbiturate[ֽbɑ:'bitjurət] 巴比妥酸盐
nullplacebo[plə'si:bəu] therapy 安慰剂疗法
reuptake [ri:'ʌpteik] 再摄取;再吸收
valium['veiliəm] 安定
MAO[mau] inhibitors[in'hibitə]单胺氧化酶抑制剂
spontaneous-remission effect 心理障碍自动消除效应
paradigm['pærədim] 范式;范例
teriary ['teriəri] 第三的
PsychosurgeryPsychosurgeryPsychosurgery is the general term for surgical procedures performed on brain tissue to alleviate psychological disorders
Corpus callosum—epilepsy
Amygdalotomy—mediate limbic system
Prefrontal lobotomy
Egas Monizschizophrenia、compulsive、anxiety-riddenECTECTECT(electroconvulsive therapy)is the use of electric shock applied to treat psychiatric disor-ders such as schizophrenia,mania , and,most
often,depression.Procdure: barbituate and muscle relaxant
↓
weak electric current in temples
↓
convulsion
Advantages: works quickly(three or four days)
Disadvantages: lack of how it works
side effects
temporary disorientation&memory deficits
Unilateral ECT
rTMS :Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation(ECT alternative to )
Drug therapyDrug therapyBegin in 1953
Psychopharmacology
The branch of psychology that investigates the effects of drugs on behavior
Profound effects
Three main categoriesnullGADnullTreatment evaluationTreatment evaluationEvaluating therapeutic effectiveness
Hans Eysenck`s furor
Control groups
Placebo therapy
↓
meta-analysis
(treats the experiments like paticipants) nullNow
How it works
Whether any one treatment is most effective for any paticular problem and for certain types of patientsPrevention strategiesPrevention strategiesPrimary prevention
prevent a condition before it begins
Secondary prevention
limit the duration and severity of a disorder when it has begun
Tertiary prevention
limit the long-term impact of a psychological disorder by seeking to prevent a relapse
Preventing a problem is the best solutionParadigm shiftsParadigm shiftsSuppliment —— prevention
shift ——medical model →public health model
Focusing on —— situations and ecolgies
Looking for —— precipitating factorsnullHumanistic therapiesRepres-entativeTarget&
relationsstrategyRepres-entativeTarget&
relationsstrategy client-centered therapygestalt therapyGroup therapyGroup therapyDefinition
Tagert
Priciples
Method Origin
Categories
Examples Matital
therapyFamily
therapySupport
groupsDefinition
FocusnullBiomedical therapiesPsycho-
surgeryECTDrug therapynullPrevention
Strategies
shift
Evaluation
Meta-analysis
Now
Evaluation&
preventionnull