杭州市中山路御街博物馆_杭州_中国

122 世界建筑 2012/05 杭州市中山路御街博物馆，杭州，中国 EXHIBITION HALL OF THE IMPERIAL STREE T OF THE SOUTHERN SONG DYNAST Y, HANGZHOU, CHINA, 2009 本位于中山中路 112 号被烧毁民宅的宅基地， 基地内已无可保留的建筑。在深度发掘中发现南宋、元、 明、清及民国等 5 个不同历史时期的道路遗迹，保存 情况均较好。 整个建筑为一个木构瓦面的多折大棚覆盖，它对 中山路遗迹周围建筑都呈开放状态。即使临时闭馆， 人们仍能从街道看见整个馆的内部。馆内功能分为展 览和茶饮，它们之间的关系似有似无。人们也可以把 这里用作只是穿越城市迷宫的过道，建筑因此而真正 嵌入城市生活之中。 考虑到尽可能多地保护地面以下的古御街，设计借 鉴了浙江南部古廊桥的编木拱结构，它具有跨度大、用 料小、支点少的特点，而且据史料考证，这是宋代就已 有的结构形式。然而现在的做法是古廊桥从未有过的， 用现代结构规范也难以验证，因此，建筑师和结构 师共同研究，使用局部隐藏的钢结构小构件解决了这个 问题。该结构能够构建出赋有力度的动态曲折屋顶，丰 富了中山路的第五立面。参观者从入口进入就能够感受 到编木拱的连续结构，给人以极强的视觉感受。 太湖房位于场地东北角，一层包括进入展区的门 厅及卫生公共设施，盘旋其间的楼梯便于人们到达二 层茶室平台，三层为一小型茶室包间，是茶客观看中 山路第五立面的极佳场所。 覆盖整个建筑的大棚突出相邻沿街建筑界面 4m， 从而将空间接到汉儒馆内。覆盖考古遗迹的钢结构玻 璃罩向馆内突入，因此可做成半开放式，避免了类似 设计在冬季容易结露起雾的问题。 御街博物馆，2009 年 6 月 20 日完成基础施工， 我问施工公司，政府要他们什么时候完成上部建筑， 回答是 8 月 10 日，50 天时间，盖完一个博物馆？该 馆的上部结构使用了一种木质的桥梁结构，浙江省只 有一个木匠会做。这个结构为了适应现代结构设计的 法则，做了很多细节变动，它实际上是一种全新的结构， 从来无人做过。我询问他们的施工承包价格，只有我 按经验估计的一半。这怎么可能完成？我继而发现， 工人根本不看图纸，而我要的混凝土现浇方式，他们 也根本没做过。我派一个助手整天盯住他们，随时有 情况，我随时去现场。终于有一天，我听说工人罢工 建筑设计：业余建筑工作室 ARCHITECTS: Amateur Architecture Studio 1 了，政府妥协了，涨了造价。70 天后，这座建筑高质 量地完成了。我不得不佩服中国工匠的聪明，他们也 许有点看不懂图纸，但他们熟悉和做法。实际上， 他们用中国传统工匠的方式建成了这个博物馆。□ 设计时间 /Design Period: 2008.4 － 2008.7 施工图设计时间 /Construction Drawing Period: 2008.8 － 2008.12 建筑师 /Architects: 王澍 /WANG Shu 设计协助 /Assistants: 蒋伟华，胡伟琦，范九江 / JIANG Weihua, HU Weiqi, FAN Jiujiang 结构设计 /Structure Design: 申屠团兵，陈永兵 / SHENTU Tuanbing, CHEN Yongbing 施工图设计配合/Construction Drawing Collaborator: 中国美术学院风景建筑设计研究院/Landscape Design Institute of China Academy of Art 主要功能 /Main Use: 展览 /Exhibition 用地面积 /Site Area: 800m2 建筑面积 /Total Building Area: 450m2 123王澍：差异的世界 /WANG SHU: WORLD OF DIFFERENCE The project is located at No.112 Central Zhongshan Road, on the ruin of a residence that was burned down in a fire. There's no structure needed to be preserved on the site. During an exploration, street systems of Southern Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties were all in relatively good condition. A large timber structure cantilever covered in terracotta roof tiles shelters the entire structure and open to Zhongshan Road and the buildings around. Even when it is temporarily closed, people can still have a good view to the entire interior from the street. The interior programs are divided into exhibition and tea appreciation which are connected and disconnected. People can take the museum as a tunnel through the urban labyrinth-the architecture is undeniably embedded into the city life. In order to protect the ancient streets as much as possible, the design borrowed the form of the interlocking timber arch structure system found in lounge bridges in southern Zhejiang Province which can span a long distance with minimum material and structure supports, and has a long history dating back to Song Dynasty. However, the new structure has never actually been done before, it is very difficult to be examined by existing structure regulations, so the architects and structural engineers worked closely and finally found the solution by introducing small steel components partially hidden in the timber structure. The structure adds a powerful expression to the dynamic folds of the roof and to the fifth facade of Zhongshan Road. Immediately after entering the building, visitors can experience the provocative visual impact of the continuous timber arch structure. The House of Taihu Lake located at the northeast corner of the site, provides as the entrance to the exhibition lobby and the washrooms on the first level. A spiral staircase leads to the second floor tea house and platforms. The third level is a small private tea room with the best view to the fifth facade of the road. The large cantilever that covers the entire building projects 4m out of the street facade, inviting the streetscape into the museum. The steel and glass cover above the archeological site extrudes into the gallery interior, a design that allows the site to be semi-open and solves problems with condensation in winter. The base construction of the "Imperial Street Museum" was finished on June 20. I asked the 2 construction company when was the deadline give by the government for the upper part of the building. The answer was Aug. 10. Fifty days to finish a museum? I applied a wooden bridge structure to the upper part structure. Only one carpenter in Zhejiang Province knew how to make it. In order to adjust to the modern structure principles, many of the details were changed. In fact, it was a brand new structure. No one has done it before. I asked them the price for constructing this and got a price that was only half as I had predicted. It was impossible. But then I realized that the craftsmen never look at the drawings. They either had no idea of the cast-on-site concrete I required. I sent an assistant to watch the construction everyday. If there was any unexpected situation, I would go to the site. One day, I heard that the craftsmen were on the strike. The government compromised and raised the price. Seventy days later, the building with high quality was finished. I was impressed by the craftsmen's talent. Maybe they couldn't read the drawings, but they were familiar with materials the construction methods. In fact, they finished the museum with methods of the traditional Chinese craftsmen. □ 3 1 在小博物馆木构屋盖下/Below the wooden structured roof of the small musuem 2 小博物馆总平面/Site plan of the small museum 3 王澍与陆文宇在现场/WANG Shu and LU Wenyu are on site (1.3摄影：Iwan Baan) 124 世界建筑 2012/05 7 5 64 4 小博物馆屋系列内观/Serial interior views of the small museum 5 小博物馆纵剖面，传统廊桥木构被发展成双层中空的做法/ The vertical section of the small museum, traditional corridor bridge wooden structure is developed into a double-layer and hollow structure 6 小博物馆横剖面/Cross section of the small museum 7 小博物馆屋盖结构系列推演图/Deduction of the roof structure of the small museum 8 浙江南部的木构廊桥，小料大构的杰作/The wooden structured corridor bridge in southern Zhejiang Province, masterpiece of small material and big structure 125王澍：差异的世界 /WANG SHU: WORLD OF DIFFERENCE 8 126 世界建筑 2012/05 9 10 11 12 14 1513 9 小博物馆二层平面/Second floor plan of the small museum 10 小博物馆一层平面/First floor plan of the small museum 11.12 小博物馆纵剖面/Longitudinal section of the small museum 13 东立面/East elevation 14 西立面/West elevation 15 北立面/North elevation 127王澍：差异的世界 /WANG SHU: WORLD OF DIFFERENCE 17 19 18 16 16 小博物馆入口/The entrance of the small museum 17 东立面席纹青砖砌筑分割图/The bamboo-mat pattern black bricks elevation（摄影：Iwan Baan） 18.19 石墙分块编号图/Stone wall division numbers Iwan Baan 摄