为什么吃了燕麦感觉特别饱文档
Why oatmeal keeps
you full
Glance through a popular
magazine’s listof healthy
breakfast foods and you’ll
likely find oatmeal in the group. Among other benefits, oatmeal is touted as having the ability to keep you full, effectively squelching the desire for that midmorning snack. In fact, a group of researchers recently found that a serving of instant oatmeal decreased the desire to eat more than the same amount of Honey Nut Cheerios, an
oat-based cereal. I decided to talk with lead author Candida Rebello of the Pennington
Biomedical Research Center to find out what makes oatmeal so special.
The story begins with dietary fiber, the part of plant foods that the body can’t digest, which
has been shown to promote a feeling of fullness. Both the oats in oatmeal and ready-to-eat oat-based cereals contain
β-glucan, a type of soluble fiber. However, it’s not just the fiber content that matters, according to Rebello and her fellow
researchers. Fullness and the desire to eat may also be
influenced by a property of fluids called viscosity, which, in this
case, is generated by oat
β-glucan. Rebello described viscosity as the slimy feel of oatmeal that you can both see in the bowl and feel in your mouth. Scientists think viscosity affects appetite by influencing the way foods interact with the mouth, as well as the stomach and
intestines. For example,
increased viscosity in the intestinal tract can stimulate the release of appetite-regulating hormones. The oral and gastric effects work together, according to Rebello, meaning a food with both a high initial viscosity in the mouth and a high
subsequent viscosity in the gastrointestinal tract will likely produce a greater feeling of fullness.
The study Rebello and
colleagues recently authored looked at instant oatmeal, old-fashioned oatmeal and
Honey Nut Cheerios and
measured each food’s viscosity
and effect on satiety. (I should note that though Rebello works for the Pennington Biomedical Research Center, the study was a collaborative effort with
researchers from PepsiCo R&D Nutrition and was funded by PepsiCo R&D Nutrition’s
Quaker Oats Center of
Excellence.)
The researchers found that instant oatmeal improved
several measures of satiety, or the feeling of fullness, over a four-hour period more than
Honey Nut Cheerios did.
Old-fashioned oatmeal improved one measure of satiety when compared to Honey Nut
Cheerios. As might be expected, the study found that instant oatmeal had greater initial and subsequent viscosity compared to Honey Nut Cheerios.
Old-fashioned oatmeal had greater subsequent viscosity but not higher initial viscosity, which could explain why it was less effective at promoting fullness. Viscosity of oatmeal or cereal appears to be a key player in promoting fullness, so my next question was naturally about what determines differences in viscosity.
“Viscosity is generated by the particular fiber in oatmeal, which is called β-glucan, ” said
Rebello, who is a research dietitian. “The fiber is affected by the manner in which it is processed.”
Ready-to-eat oat-based cereals, instant oatmeal and
old-fashioned oatmeal are processed differently, which can lead their β-glucan to have a
different structure and result in a different viscosity.
So if you find yourself feeling satisfied until lunch after a bowl of instant oatmeal, now you’ll
know why.
appetite ['æpitait]video
n. 食欲;嗜好
stimulate ['stimjuleit]video
vt. 刺激;鼓舞,激励vi. 起刺激作用;起促进作用
oat [?ut]video
n. 燕麦;麦片粥,燕麦粥
dietary ['dai?t?ri]video
n. 规定的食物;饮食的规定adj. 饮食的,饭食的
tract [trækt]video
n. 束;大片土地,地带;小册子 soluble ['s?ljubl]video
adj. [化学] 可溶的,可溶解的;可解决的 hormone ['h?:m?un]video
n. [生理] 激素,荷尔蒙
effectively [i'fektivli]video
adv. 有效地,生效地;有力地;实际上 gastric ['ɡæstrik]video
adj. 胃的;胃部的
collaborative [k?'læb?r?tiv]video adj. 合作的,协作的
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