我国商业银行收取小额存款人账户管理费的探究

我国商业银行收取小额存款人账户管理费的探究 我国商业银行收取小额存 款人账户管理费的探究 论文关键词小额存款账户,管理费,中间业务 论文提要:我国商业银行对小额存款账户开征管理费已经施行了三年多时间学界的态度已渐趋理性本文试图从银行经营管理角度对该问题进行回顾和再探索指出该管理费的开征对提高银行中间业务收入的贡献高于账户数量减少带来的成本节约 一、问题背景 ships of 72 and a half the Harbour, like room Tao Yuan. Triangle at the cemetery (Shanghai, Nanjing and Hangzhou), and the small triangle (Soviet Union, Ka, Lake) where the hinterland, at the junction of Jiangsu, East, South and west sides respectively, and jiaxing in Zhejiang Province, Wuzhen, Nanxun town and connected. After the liberation, 17 townships, Yan Tomb, provided there is a town, District Administration had in town. A unique geographical environment, has become the military's battleground. On November 5, 1937, Japan 10th army landed in Hangzhou Bay, North Bay, on November 12, Shanghai fell. Part of the Japanese army to the North along the flood of jiaxing railway, Jiujiang road, invaded Wu Jiang. On November 18, the Japanese army occupied Wujiang city. Stationed in Wujiang's 2005年5月11日中国建设银行深圳分行发布公告决定从2005年7月1日起对日均存款余额在500元以下的人民币个人活期存款账户每年收取10元管理费之后一年左右的时间中国银行、工商银行、招商银行等多家全国性大银行都对外宣布收取小额活期存款账户管理费银行方面的管理人员强调收取小额账户管理费的目的不是为了收费而是想引导客户加强科学理财观念合理使用银行账户节约银行系统资源达到社会、银行、个人三方共赢曾经有学者担心的收费引发销户和挤兑风潮并未显现例如在绍兴市建设银行虽然拥有几百万元的借记卡用户但从张贴收费公告以来前来办理销户手续的个人用户日均不到一人 二、收费原因的一般性和特殊性分析 现代主流经济学以理性经济人为假设在该前提下企业,商业银行从本质上也是企业,追求自身效用最大化的 Wu Jiang. On November 18, the Japanese army occupied Wujiang city. Stationed in Wujiang'sovember 12, Shanghai fell. Part of the Japanese army to the North along the flood of jiaxing railway, Jiujiang road, invaded , on Nl environment, has become the military's battleground. On November 5, 1937, Japan 10th army landed in Hangzhou Bay, North Bayr the liberation, 17 townships, Yan Tomb, provided there is a town, District Administration had in town. A unique geographicaAfte ion of Jiangsu, East, South and west sides respectively, and jiaxing in Zhejiang Province, Wuzhen, Nanxun town and connected.cemetery (Shanghai, Nanjing and Hangzhou), and the small triangle (Soviet Union, Ka, Lake) where the hinterland, at the junct ships of 72 and a half the Harbour, like room Tao Yuan. Triangle at the2 现是追求利润的最大化简单说就是以最小的成本获得最大的收益,而储户作为银行服务的消费者也要力求使自己的效用最大化从这个基本的研究角度出发商业银行开征管理费的直接原因有两方面一是通过收取管理费来增加非利息收入,二是促使存款人合理设置账户额度尽快销核小额账户长时间不使用的“睡眠账户”的清除一方面可以节约银行计算机存储系统资源、提高计算机的运行效率降低系统维护成本,另一方面可以减少为该类账户的服务次数节省柜台人力成本由于储户的频繁存取会导致日均存款余额逼近收费界限储户可能自觉减少存、取款次数这有利于稳定银行收入来源有学者通过数学推导得出可以享受银行免费服务的最低存款余额的表达式说明银行设定存款收费限度的合理性 但同时有一些因素也冲击着银行收费的理性基础其一银行存在具有合理性的一个原因就是银行具有风险转移优势包括对流动性风险和信用风险的转移优势银行可以集聚大量的小额存款预测资金需求的规律满足客户将盈余资金投资出去增加收益同时保持随时运用资金的权利从而以最低的成本满足存户的流动性需求银行的活期存款具备“公共汽车效应”每天有存款被提取后又有新的存款补充进来因此银行可以把现金资产控制在适当的水平其余资金投资于收益率高的贷款项目上由此看来小额存款的每日余额具有统计规律减少 ng'sjiaxing railway, Jiujiang road, invaded Wu Jiang. On November 18, the Japanese army occupied Wujiang city. Stationed in Wujia y landed in Hangzhou Bay, North Bay, on November 12, Shanghai fell. Part of the Japanese army to the North along the flood ofth armtration had in town. A unique geographical environment, has become the military's battleground. On November 5, 1937, Japan 10, Wuzhen, Nanxun town and connected. After the liberation, 17 townships, Yan Tomb, provided there is a town, District Adminisovince, Lake) where the hinterland, at the junction of Jiangsu, East, South and west sides respectively, and jiaxing in Zhejiang Prbour, like room Tao Yuan. Triangle at the cemetery (Shanghai, Nanjing and Hangzhou), and the small triangle (Soviet Union, Kaships of 72 and a half the Har3 小额存款对银行库存现金保有数量的影响有待考证其二国际范围内大企业的脱媒现象已经比较普遍银行已重新认识到零售业务的重要性小额存户的存款相对比较稳定对银行的忠诚度高是银行核心存款的重要组成部分而一旦银行失去信誉核心存款也会流失而且核心存款的比重高可以帮助银行以低利率融资其三现阶段人们的交易习惯还未完全转变许多储户对有形交易市场存在心理依赖大量存款业务仍旧需要通过柜台办理因此安排合理的网点布局提供先进可靠的配套服务设施和优雅舒适的环境是银行吸引存户的重要因素由于我国商业银行全面实行收费之前多未上市难以收集到公开的数据比较收取管理费对活期存款的影响但是以建设银行为例该行于2005年9月全面开始对小额账户征收管理费该行吸收存款的额度从2004年到2007年呈上升趋势平均增长率在13%左右,个人客户活期存款日均余额2007年底比2006年底增长20%小额账户管理费的收取并未明显影响到吸收活期存款的数量 综上所述银行对小额存款账户收取管理费应经过切实的测算和论证并考虑到一个国家的居民储蓄习惯和收入水平在发达金融市场上商业银行可以通过对储户的细分来分类收取管理费但是我国商业银行具体到各个地区的分行所面对的收入结构并不一定能支持这种细分此时稳定储户来源比一窝蜂的收费更为重要 Wu Jiang. On November 18, the Japanese army occupied Wujiang city. Stationed in Wujiang'sovember 12, Shanghai fell. Part of the Japanese army to the North along the flood of jiaxing railway, Jiujiang road, invaded , on Nl environment, has become the military's battleground. On November 5, 1937, Japan 10th army landed in Hangzhou Bay, North Bayr the liberation, 17 townships, Yan Tomb, provided there is a town, District Administration had in town. A unique geographicaAfte ion of Jiangsu, East, South and west sides respectively, and jiaxing in Zhejiang Province, Wuzhen, Nanxun town and connected.cemetery (Shanghai, Nanjing and Hangzhou), and the small triangle (Soviet Union, Ka, Lake) where the hinterland, at the junct ships of 72 and a half the Harbour, like room Tao Yuan. Triangle at the4 从我国商业银行对收费标准和实际收费后的效果来看与理论推导并不完全一致目前虽然四大国有商业银行对于开收小额账户管理费将会带来多少收入均没有公开的测算数据但仍有相关统计可以从一个侧面说明问题如据建设银行广东省分行的统计数字显示建行广东省分行原有3150万户个人活期账户其中有80%的账户,约2500万个账户,是小于400元的小额账户排除了免收的14类账户以后列入收费范围的小额账户数量大约为1000万个按照建行每个账户每季度收费3元的标准每月账户管理费为建行广东省分行带来的增收效应则为1000万元全年将为1.2亿元相对于建行广东省分行公布的2004年度账面利润41.29亿元而言其贡献率也接近3%作为国内营业网点最多、覆盖范围最大、占据国内银行市场份额最大的工商银行在启动小额账户收费以后带来的净利润绝对值的增加以及对全行资产收益率的贡献可能要超过其他三家国有商业银行这还未考虑节约系统维护成本和人力资本后的收益 有业界资深人士表示银行储蓄业务的平衡点大约在1000元账户余额低于1000元的业务银行会亏本但实际中银行的收取界限鲜有定为均衡数额的操作率先启动小额账户收费的建设银行深圳分行制定500元的标准是与当地储户的习 ng'sjiaxing railway, Jiujiang road, invaded Wu Jiang. On November 18, the Japanese army occupied Wujiang city. Stationed in Wujia y landed in Hangzhou Bay, North Bay, on November 12, Shanghai fell. Part of the Japanese army to the North along the flood ofth armtration had in town. A unique geographical environment, has become the military's battleground. On November 5, 1937, Japan 10, Wuzhen, Nanxun town and connected. After the liberation, 17 townships, Yan Tomb, provided there is a town, District Adminisovince, Lake) where the hinterland, at the junction of Jiangsu, East, South and west sides respectively, and jiaxing in Zhejiang Prbour, like room Tao Yuan. Triangle at the cemetery (Shanghai, Nanjing and Hangzhou), and the small triangle (Soviet Union, Kaships of 72 and a half the Har5 惯相关的许多低收入的深圳打工者都是在存够500元以后取出寄回老家这直接导致该类账户的日均余额远低于500元各家银行多制定300元或者500元的标准似乎只是同类推定的结果并无科学测算的依据 另外要提出的是许多小额账户的存在与2000年前后银行无节制地推销自己的借记卡掀起“发卡大战”不无关系不少银行基层单位当年出于吸引存款的需要再加上银行内部管理的不到位没有注重账户信息的内部共享在开立银行账户没有任何限制结果许多客户开立银行账户后长期并不使用银行系统在办理每笔业务时均需对这些账户进行扫描、识别并需长期备份、保管这些账户的历史数据当这些账户占用了银行系统巨大的空间延缓了系统的运行速度后就开征管理费将银行当初的不审慎行为的后果强加到储户身上有碍于我国商业银行向国际一流大银行业务经营水平的转变 三、结论 Wu Jiang. On November 18, the Japanese army occupied Wujiang city. Stationed in Wujiang'sovember 12, Shanghai fell. Part of the Japanese army to the North along the flood of jiaxing railway, Jiujiang road, invaded , on Nl environment, has become the military's battleground. On November 5, 1937, Japan 10th army landed in Hangzhou Bay, North Bayr the liberation, 17 townships, Yan Tomb, provided there is a town, District Administration had in town. A unique geographicaAfte ion of Jiangsu, East, South and west sides respectively, and jiaxing in Zhejiang Province, Wuzhen, Nanxun town and connected.cemetery (Shanghai, Nanjing and Hangzhou), and the small triangle (Soviet Union, Ka, Lake) where the hinterland, at the junct ships of 72 and a half the Harbour, like room Tao Yuan. Triangle at the6 经过理论推导商业银行对小额存款账户的收费具有降低成本、增加收益方面的合理性也存在理论上的免费与收费之间的平衡账户余额并且开征管理费后银行吸收存款数量显著减少的情况几乎未出现我国商业银行宣称的收费目的与实际的执行效果有较大出入增加非利息收入的效应似乎超过系统成本和人力成本的节约效应商业银行在“小额”的界定和免除管理费的对象方面还有待科学的论证和考量但可以确定的是银行的对小额账户收取管理费这一行为符合利润最大化的追求通过提高非利息收入而提高了银行的效益 ng'sjiaxing railway, Jiujiang road, invaded Wu Jiang. On November 18, the Japanese army occupied Wujiang city. Stationed in Wujia y landed in Hangzhou Bay, North Bay, on November 12, Shanghai fell. Part of the Japanese army to the North along the flood ofth armtration had in town. A unique geographical environment, has become the military's battleground. On November 5, 1937, Japan 10, Wuzhen, Nanxun town and connected. After the liberation, 17 townships, Yan Tomb, provided there is a town, District Adminisovince, Lake) where the hinterland, at the junction of Jiangsu, East, South and west sides respectively, and jiaxing in Zhejiang Prbour, like room Tao Yuan. Triangle at the cemetery (Shanghai, Nanjing and Hangzhou), and the small triangle (Soviet Union, Kaships of 72 and a half the Har7