不良网络游戏对青少年的危害

不良网络游戏对青少年的危害 网络，给信息带来了强大而有力的传播途径，并且大大缩短了信息发布和接收的时间，互联网成为人们学习、工作和社会交往的重要工具。现在，互联网对青少年的影响越来越大，但网络是把双刃剑，给学生的学习、生活和娱乐提供了很多便利的同时，也带来了很多弊端。特别是一些不良网络游戏，成为了部分中学生荒废学业，逃避现实，畸形 生活，甚至走上违法犯罪道路的险滩暗流。 不良网络游戏(通常也指不健康的游戏)屡次挑战人们的文明价值观和道德底线，所谓不良游戏，是指那些游戏和思想中含有:暴力、色情、恐怖、封建、消极的人生观和世界观，狭隘的民族主义，带有意识形态或种族歧视问等诸多内容的游戏。不良游戏对青少年毒害最大，少年儿童处在成长阶段，心里和生理上均不成熟，且普遍喜爱新奇、标新立异，又善于模仿，因此游戏内容的好坏，直接关系到青少年的行为。客观的来说，在我国，成人购买游戏或玩游戏者极为有限，广大的 青少年是消费游戏的主力军。 一、我校学生玩网络游戏的现状 从我们开展的问卷调查来看，我校学生经常上网的达80%，上网只玩游戏的占50%，其中玩不健康网络游戏的有30%左右。他们大多喜欢玩的游戏有《反恐精英》、《传奇》、《魔兽争霸》、《地下城与勇士》等。经常上网的学生，在进我校前普遍有逃课习惯，甚至经常通宵上网、 彻夜不归。 二、青少年迷恋网络游戏的原因 are formulated, detailed provisions to engineering protection of finished and semi-finished products. Finished and semi-finished products to be stopped for damage and education and, if necessary, site leader holds parties and party's construction team leader and technicians responsible, fined and posted by educating employees. 2, scientific and reasonable arrangements should be strictly in accordance with operating procedures lines hoisting construction hoisting sequence to prevent falls from a height. Tree planting tree supports the note immediately after work, fixed plant, prevent them from being blown over. Cross should be avoided in the construction job lead to product damage. Not fire working in the cable area, electricity, fire near welding operations shall be protected and smash-proof measures. 3, well before the construction drawing design and construction technology to give the low-down and construction design drawing environment well before construction work and work construction technology to give the low-down, prevents rework due to work fine or damage to finished product. Should investigate before construction embedded facilities and the surrounding environment and, if necessary, adopt effective measures of protection, isolation. 4, attention schedule cross in favour of finished and semi-finished products to protect jobs. 5, protection and isolation measures taken during the construction process. Construction site (一)网络游戏满足青少年的心理需要 1、现在网络游戏设计都是根据学生好冒险的心理特点设计的。 网络游戏的精美设计，花样繁多，引人入胜，情节精彩新颖和刺激，并且变化无穷，场面惊险刺激，在虚拟世界的信息刺激下，玩者普遍会感受到在现实世界体会不到的快感，现实社会做不到的事，可以在“虚 拟世界”做到，随心所欲。 2、网络游戏在一定程度上可以满足学生的好胜心理。 许多网络游戏内容含有淫秽、暴力、迷信和反动内容，具有挑战性和赌博性，这对心理还不成熟的学生来说都极富诱惑力。在我们对学生的调查中，有70%左右的学生认为网络游戏带给了他们成就感。 3、通过网络游戏宣泄情绪。 中学生普遍感到学习压力大，有着强烈的厌学情绪，一旦在现实生活中遭遇挫折，特别当无法解决在学习生活中遇到的问题时，就会开始逃避，为摆脱“弱者”地位，寻找能够满足成就感的替代品。于是网络游戏就成为他们渲泄压抑的情绪的工具。一个人童年的压抑、现实的压抑可以在网络游戏中得到充分的释放。童年的孤独、家庭的冷漠、亲情的缺少、游戏时间的压缩、家长的严厉压制，这些压抑自我的心理困顿在 网络游戏的天地完全可以得到释放和补偿。 4、网络游戏可帮助学生逃避现实。网络游戏所营造的是一个虚拟的世界，可以使学生尤其是那些在同学中人际关系较为紧张的孩子逃避现实中的许多不愉快。这些孩子在自己能控制的这个虚拟世界中能得到愉 快的体验。一旦迷上网络游戏，成瘾心理的形成在所难免。 are formulated, detailed provisions to engineering protection of finished and semi-finished products. Finished and semi-finished products to be stopped for damage and education and, if necessary, site leader holds parties and party's construction team leader and technicians responsible, fined and posted by educating employees. 2, scientific and reasonable arrangements should be strictly in accordance with operating procedures lines hoisting construction hoisting sequence to prevent falls from a height. Tree planting tree supports the note immediately after work, fixed plant, prevent them from being blown over. Cross should be avoided in the construction job lead to product damage. Not fire working in the cable area, electricity, fire near welding operations shall be protected and smash-proof measures. 3, well before the construction drawing design and construction technology to give the low-down and construction design drawing environment well before construction work and work construction technology to give the low-down, prevents rework due to work fine or damage to finished product. Should investigate before construction embedded facilities and the surrounding environment and, if necessary, adopt effective measures of protection, isolation. 4, attention schedule cross in favour of finished and semi-finished products to protect jobs. 5, protection and isolation measures taken during the construction process. Construction site (二)家庭环境与游戏成瘾 。 中国传统文化中的父权思想、子女与父母之间缺乏交流和理解、与家长的隔阂、家庭中父母婚姻的破裂、父母角色的缺失等，不良的家庭 环境中成长的孩子，更容易陷入网络游戏的漩涡 。 (三)学校教育与网络游戏成瘾 学校教育的内容枯燥乏味，而较少与实际生活相联系，缺少丰富的、贴近生活的变式。另外，教学方法又趋于陈旧，无法与时代同步，必然会引起青少年的抵触。而应试教育中分数决定一切的标准，极大地挫伤了很多学生，尤其是成绩不好学生的学习积极性，使得他们在现实世界 中觉得自己失败，于是到网络游戏中去寻找自己。 (四)社会环境与游戏成瘾 社会为青少年提供的其他的休闲场所太少了，很多少年宫、体育场常年关门或者变为营利性的场所，“经济而实惠”的网络成了青少年重要的休闲方式。部分“黑网吧”不顾国家的法律规定，允许未成年人进 入网吧，这也是致使青少年沉溺于网络的原因所在。 三、网络游戏对青少年心理健康的危害 新闻出版总署有关负责人表示，目前，少数网络游戏企业未经审批擅自出版运营进口网络游戏或为境外网络游戏提供运营推广服务;有些国产网络游戏未按规定履行出版备案手续;有些网络游戏审批或备案后添加了许多宣扬暴力、血腥、色情等不健康内容，或变相增设“博彩”“赌博”性质的不良游戏功能;有些不按要求设置网络游戏防沉迷系统;有些网页游戏采用低俗甚至色情挑逗性的广告语言进行推广等等，社are formulated, detailed provisions to engineering protection of finished and semi-finished products. Finished and semi-finished products to be stopped for damage and education and, if necessary, site leader holds parties and party's construction team leader and technicians responsible, fined and posted by educating employees. 2, scientific and reasonable arrangements should be strictly in accordance with operating procedures lines hoisting construction hoisting sequence to prevent falls from a height. Tree planting tree supports the note immediately after work, fixed plant, prevent them from being blown over. Cross should be avoided in the construction job lead to product damage. Not fire working in the cable area, electricity, fire near welding operations shall be protected and smash-proof measures. 3, well before the construction drawing design and construction technology to give the low-down and construction design drawing environment well before construction work and work construction technology to give the low-down, prevents rework due to work fine or damage to finished product. Should investigate before construction embedded facilities and the surrounding environment and, if necessary, adopt effective measures of protection, isolation. 4, attention schedule cross in favour of finished and semi-finished products to protect jobs. 5, protection and isolation measures taken during the construction process. Construction site 会影响极其恶劣。网络游戏对青少年的主要负面影响，主要有以下几点: 1、浪费时间 。很多玩家在练级打装备的时候，全国有上千万的同龄人在进行学习。这种差距将导致网络游戏玩家在社会上的竞争力减弱，究其沉迷于网络游戏的原因，有的学生很“潇洒”的说，我年纪小，还没有到考虑这些人生目标的阶段，但是随着玩游戏过程中时间的流逝， 几小时甚至一天几天就消耗在游戏世界里。 2、消耗金钱 。由于目前的网络游戏大多是收费游戏， 网络游戏的内容不外乎练级和买装备，这些都需要消耗大量的时间和金钱。随着上网时间的增多，上网费也在不断增高。而且，玩游戏所需的游戏卡也需要不断地更新、充值。这在无形中给中学生增加了经济负担。当学生无法承受负担时，他们便会想出各种办法来解决，其中包括暴力抢劫、偷窃等违法犯罪行为。因为缺少玩游戏的资金而引发的青少年违法事件时 有发生。 3、影响学习生活。 中学时代正处于一个人身心成长的关键时期，养成良好的学习、生活习惯至关重要。迷恋网络世界，使旷课、逃课变成常事，甚至昼夜颠倒，教室变卧室，课堂上睡觉，挤占正常的学习时间， 严重影响了正常的学习生活。 4、不利于身体的健康 。 科学家指出，长期的坐于电脑前会导致植物神经紊乱，体内激素水平失衡，使免疫功能降低，引发各种疾患，如心血管疾病、胃肠神经官能病、紧张性头疼、焦虑、忧郁等，甚至可能 导致死亡。 are formulated, detailed provisions to engineering protection of finished and semi-finished products. Finished and semi-finished products to be stopped for damage and education and, if necessary, site leader holds parties and party's construction team leader and technicians responsible, fined and posted by educating employees. 2, scientific and reasonable arrangements should be strictly in accordance with operating procedures lines hoisting construction hoisting sequence to prevent falls from a height. Tree planting tree supports the note immediately after work, fixed plant, prevent them from being blown over. Cross should be avoided in the construction job lead to product damage. Not fire working in the cable area, electricity, fire near welding operations shall be protected and smash-proof measures. 3, well before the construction drawing design and construction technology to give the low-down and construction design drawing environment well before construction work and work construction technology to give the low-down, prevents rework due to work fine or damage to finished product. Should investigate before construction embedded facilities and the surrounding environment and, if necessary, adopt effective measures of protection, isolation. 4, attention schedule cross in favour of finished and semi-finished products to protect jobs. 5, protection and isolation measures taken during the construction process. Construction site 5、影响现实人际交往 。长期沉溺于网络游戏的虚幻世界中，会使青少年不愿面对现实世界和生活，造成他们自闭、孤僻等心理障碍和疾病，影响正常的人际交往。据调查，上网学生中20%的人有情绪低落和孤独 感，12%的中学生与家人、朋友关系疏远。 6、人格异化。 网络游戏大多以“攻击、战斗、竞争”为主要成分，长期玩飚车、砍杀、爆破、枪战等游戏，火爆刺激的内容容易使游戏者模糊道德认知，淡化游戏虚拟与现实生活的差异，误认为这种通过伤害他人而达成目的的方式是合理的。一旦形成了这种错误观点，便会不择手段，欺诈、偷盗甚至对他人施暴。目前，因为玩电子游戏而引发的道德失范、行为越轨甚至违法犯罪的问题正逐渐增多，暴力、色情游戏甚 至被称为电子海洛因。 7、弱化社会道德感和责任意识 。在网络游戏的虚拟现实中，玩家可以根据自己的意愿任意行事，为达目的可以不择手段，淡化了是非的判断标准;可以多次失败，只要再次重来就行。青少年长期受其影响，就会缺乏社会道德感和责任意识，因为在现实生活中，我们的行为要受道德、法律的约束;我们做事要认真、慎重，随意行事往往会导致无法弥 补的后果. 8、影响青少年树立正确的人生观，价值观。 网络游戏丰富了中学生的课余生活，但是利已主义和个人英雄主义、追求奢侈等腐朽生活方式以及注重感官刺激的庸俗情趣，对中学生树立正确的人生观，价值观负面影响极大。中学生的思想道德观念还没有成熟，还没构成一个较完整的体系，大量的接受这类信息，势必影响他们的思想道德观念趋向。 are formulated, detailed provisions to engineering protection of finished and semi-finished products. Finished and semi-finished products to be stopped for damage and education and, if necessary, site leader holds parties and party's construction team leader and technicians responsible, fined and posted by educating employees. 2, scientific and reasonable arrangements should be strictly in accordance with operating procedures lines hoisting construction hoisting sequence to prevent falls from a height. Tree planting tree supports the note immediately after work, fixed plant, prevent them from being blown over. Cross should be avoided in the construction job lead to product damage. Not fire working in the cable area, electricity, fire near welding operations shall be protected and smash-proof measures. 3, well before the construction drawing design and construction technology to give the low-down and construction design drawing environment well before construction work and work construction technology to give the low-down, prevents rework due to work fine or damage to finished product. Should investigate before construction embedded facilities and the surrounding environment and, if necessary, adopt effective measures of protection, isolation. 4, attention schedule cross in favour of finished and semi-finished products to protect jobs. 5, protection and isolation measures taken during the construction process. Construction site 四、我校的具体做法 我们作为特殊教育学校，引导，防范学生沉迷网络游戏是我们义不 容辞的责任。 1、学生实行小班化半封闭式管理。 学校采用小班管理的形式，制定合理的规章制度，规范学生的放假时间，这样一来，减弱了学生对网 络的依赖，从而很好地杜绝外界因素对学生的诱惑。 2、提高学生的信息素养。 我校充分利用班会课、讲座、法制报告会、心理咨询与团体心理活动等形式来渗透网络知识。多次举办网络知识座谈会，以班为单位积极投入到班会当中，老师和学生一起面对面的交流探讨网络知识起源、发展、网络对我们的影响和帮助等;学校还开通了绿色校园网，每周还开展了电脑培训班，学生们可以学习到更为专业的计算机知识，比如办公文档的使用，计算机的维护和网页的制作等等。这样就避免了同学们的精力分散，自觉的投入到更深层次的计算机知识掌握当中来。让学生明白，电脑网络是用于获知最新信息、查找资料、提高认知世界的水平和能力的学习工具，而不是一个仅仅用于游戏和娱 乐的“玩具”，增强其心理免疫力。 3、举办有益有趣的活动，拓展学生的兴趣爱好。 我们举办了一些有益有趣的活动，提高学生参加活动的积极性和主动性，增加业余爱好的多样性，拓宽知识面，活跃校园生活，避免上课、下课、做作业的单调 生活。如趣味运动会、校外滑冰、野外拓展训练、艺术节等 。 4、加强对学生的心理辅导。 我们班主任和心理老师平时注意观察，随时做好学生的心理疏导工作，尤其关注以下类型的学生:1)、学习are formulated, detailed provisions to engineering protection of finished and semi-finished products. Finished and semi-finished products to be stopped for damage and education and, if necessary, site leader holds parties and party's construction team leader and technicians responsible, fined and posted by educating employees. 2, scientific and reasonable arrangements should be strictly in accordance with operating procedures lines hoisting construction hoisting sequence to prevent falls from a height. Tree planting tree supports the note immediately after work, fixed plant, prevent them from being blown over. Cross should be avoided in the construction job lead to product damage. Not fire working in the cable area, electricity, fire near welding operations shall be protected and smash-proof measures. 3, well before the construction drawing design and construction technology to give the low-down and construction design drawing environment well before construction work and work construction technology to give the low-down, prevents rework due to work fine or damage to finished product. Should investigate before construction embedded facilities and the surrounding environment and, if necessary, adopt effective measures of protection, isolation. 4, attention schedule cross in favour of finished and semi-finished products to protect jobs. 5, protection and isolation measures taken during the construction process. Construction site 失败的孩子。2)、人际关系不好的孩子。许多学生性格内向、自卑、妒忌心强，不善与他人来往，容易沉迷于网络游戏，他们希望通过上网逃避现实，实现自我。3)、家庭关系不和谐的孩子。随着离婚率、犯罪率升高等社会问题的增多，社会上的“问题家庭”也在增多，这些孩 子通常在家里得不到温暖。 5、加强家校联系，帮助树立正确的教育理念。 让家长改变对孩子的错误教育方法，懂得适时适量地交替给予一些鼓励性、赞扬性、肯定性语言;懂得间接转移孩子的注意力，在学校不能控制的业余时间，可在社区的帮助下，组织孩子搞些有益的活动;引导家长主动了解计算机和网络的一般常识和掌握一定的心理学知识;积极适应网络环境，家长要 适时监督，把握孩子在家上网或去网吧的质、量、度。 五、减轻不健康网络游戏对学生危害的几点建议 面对网络带来的负面影响，我们绝不能“因噎废食”，更不能坐等事态的自然发展，而必须通过各种手段和方法，尽可能地将不利影响降到最低。毋庸质疑，这是一项长期复杂的系统，需要全社会各个层面的不懈努力和共同协作。为此，要坚持宏观导向和微观建管并举、宣传教育和技术监控并举、德治和法治并举、网上交流与网下社会实践并 举，标本兼治、综合治理。 1、增加对未成年人的教育投入。 社会各个部门应关心青少年成长，扩大未成年人的课余活动空间，加速少年宫、科技馆等活动场所的建设，增加青少年活动的场所、设施，多方面满足青少年的精神文化需要。 2、加强对青少年利用网络的引导和监督 。强化对青少年的教育引导，are formulated, detailed provisions to engineering protection of finished and semi-finished products. Finished and semi-finished products to be stopped for damage and education and, if necessary, site leader holds parties and party's construction team leader and technicians responsible, fined and posted by educating employees. 2, scientific and reasonable arrangements should be strictly in accordance with operating procedures lines hoisting construction hoisting sequence to prevent falls from a height. Tree planting tree supports the note immediately after work, fixed plant, prevent them from being blown over. Cross should be avoided in the construction job lead to product damage. Not fire working in the cable area, electricity, fire near welding operations shall be protected and smash-proof measures. 3, well before the construction drawing design and construction technology to give the low-down and construction design drawing environment well before construction work and work construction technology to give the low-down, prevents rework due to work fine or damage to finished product. Should investigate before construction embedded facilities and the surrounding environment and, if necessary, adopt effective measures of protection, isolation. 4, attention schedule cross in favour of finished and semi-finished products to protect jobs. 5, protection and isolation measures taken during the construction process. Construction site 培养良好的上网习惯，是防止青少年在网络中“迷途”的根本保证。 要积极发挥家长、学校、社会、政府各层面的综合引导作用，形成贯穿各个层级、覆盖各个领域的强大合力。家长和教师应当与青少年一起制订上网规则，上网的利弊，并以身作则，坚决不做有违文明和道德规范的网上活动，同时，也要做好青少年上网活动的疏导工作，如提出完成课业、功课及格才能上网等要求，限定他们的上网时间，向他们推荐健康、文明、有益有趣的网站，采用一些技术手段使他们只能上指定的网站等，还要经常监督他们的上网时间和上网内容，避免他们参与不健康、不文明的网上活动时及时指出其危害性，并坚决制止。大众传播媒体应在普及网络知识的针对性、系统性上下功夫，在传授网络知识的同时，告诉青少年如何理解、选择、利用和处理网上信息和娱乐资源。政府应巧妙运用行政、经济、市场、法律等手段和自身调用资源的优势，强化对青少年利用网络的管理和调控。要注意引导的方式方法，尊重青少年的自主意识，“疏”和“堵”有机结合，正面激励与批评教育相结合，灌输教育与暗示诱导相结合，寓理于事、寓教于乐、寓教于无形。 3、加强家庭教育指导，提高家庭教育水平。 建立“家庭教育指导中心”，提高家庭教育工作者的业务素质和指导能力，提高家庭教育工作指导水平;拓展家长学校办学渠道，鼓励社会力量创办家庭教育培训指导机构，逐步建立多元化的家长学校办学体制;通过传媒普及家庭教育 知识，提高家庭教育水平。 4、加强对网络的监测和管理 。网络环境既要宽松自由，又要规范有are formulated, detailed provisions to engineering protection of finished and semi-finished products. Finished and semi-finished products to be stopped for damage and education and, if necessary, site leader holds parties and party's construction team leader and technicians responsible, fined and posted by educating employees. 2, scientific and reasonable arrangements should be strictly in accordance with operating procedures lines hoisting construction hoisting sequence to prevent falls from a height. Tree planting tree supports the note immediately after work, fixed plant, prevent them from being blown over. Cross should be avoided in the construction job lead to product damage. Not fire working in the cable area, electricity, fire near welding operations shall be protected and smash-proof measures. 3, well before the construction drawing design and construction technology to give the low-down and construction design drawing environment well before construction work and work construction technology to give the low-down, prevents rework due to work fine or damage to finished product. Should investigate before construction embedded facilities and the surrounding environment and, if necessary, adopt effective measures of protection, isolation. 4, attention schedule cross in favour of finished and semi-finished products to protect jobs. 5, protection and isolation measures taken during the construction process. Construction site 序，只有这样，才能充分发挥网络的积极作用，同时负面影响减少到最低点，促进青少年的健康成长。因此，必须加强对网络的监管。 首先，必须进行建立广泛的认证制度，使网络行为者身份可查询。改进网络服务器，使其具有对访问者的IP、访问TIME和操作DO记录的功能，形成“若要人不知，除非己莫为”的客观条件。 其次，要建立完善的网络管理体系。为此，一要建立专门的网络检查机构;二要明确各级各类主体的监管职责:国家专门机构对各大门户网站或商业网站进行监管，各大门户网站或商业网站对自己旗下的ISP服务商和个人主页进行监管，ISP服务商对各接入点(如网吧等)进行监管，各接入点对上网者进行监管，公安部门对进口信息从国家安全角度进行层层把关;三要发 动社会力量来加强管理;四要以技术措施为保证。 5、加强网络道德建设 。我们在研究提出自己的网络道德规范是，可以借鉴国际发达国家的成果。同时，也要结合时代发展需要，结合我国国情，融合我国的传统美德。网络是一种新生事物，还不是很完善，有待发展。因此，社会各界应进一步加强对网络道德规范的研究和探讨。 6、推进网络的法治化 。针对我国网络立法的现状和不足，借鉴国外网络立法的内容和形式，今后我国网络立法的重点应该是:一方面修改现行法律，使之适用于网络信息犯罪;另一方面又制定新的信息犯罪法规。应该尽快制定专门的《信息法》，还要建立一套保护青少年隐私权和禁止色情资讯的规范法。为保障青少年的健康成长，在加强网络法制化工作时，既要预防青少年网络犯罪，又要保护青少年不受网络犯罪的are formulated, detailed provisions to engineering protection of finished and semi-finished products. Finished and semi-finished products to be stopped for damage and education and, if necessary, site leader holds parties and party's construction team leader and technicians responsible, fined and posted by educating employees. 2, scientific and reasonable arrangements should be strictly in accordance with operating procedures lines hoisting construction hoisting sequence to prevent falls from a height. Tree planting tree supports the note immediately after work, fixed plant, prevent them from being blown over. Cross should be avoided in the construction job lead to product damage. Not fire working in the cable area, electricity, fire near welding operations shall be protected and smash-proof measures. 3, well before the construction drawing design and construction technology to give the low-down and construction design drawing environment well before construction work and work construction technology to give the low-down, prevents rework due to work fine or damage to finished product. Should investigate before construction embedded facilities and the surrounding environment and, if necessary, adopt effective measures of protection, isolation. 4, attention schedule cross in favour of finished and semi-finished products to protect jobs. 5, protection and isolation measures taken during the construction process. Construction site 侵害。 总之，面对网络科技的汹涌到来，规范网吧、网络建设是全社会共同的责任，各部门始终要保持对青少年健康成长的高度责任心和事业心，真正地去关心他们、爱护他们，时时处处为他们着想，并协同家庭、社会形成一股强大的教育“网络”，充分发挥电脑网络的优势，做到扬长避短，尽可能地减少电脑网络对青少年的消极影响，为社会主义事业 培养更多的德智体美劳全面发展的建设者和接班人～ are formulated, detailed provisions to engineering protection of finished and semi-finished products. Finished and semi-finished products to be stopped for damage and education and, if necessary, site leader holds parties and party's construction team leader and technicians responsible, fined and posted by educating employees. 2, scientific and reasonable arrangements should be strictly in accordance with operating procedures lines hoisting construction hoisting sequence to prevent falls from a height. Tree planting tree supports the note immediately after work, fixed plant, prevent them from being blown over. Cross should be avoided in the construction job lead to product damage. Not fire working in the cable area, electricity, fire near welding operations shall be protected and smash-proof measures. 3, well before the construction drawing design and construction technology to give the low-down and construction design drawing environment well before construction work and work construction technology to give the low-down, prevents rework due to work fine or damage to finished product. Should investigate before construction embedded facilities and the surrounding environment and, if necessary, adopt effective measures of protection, isolation. 4, attention schedule cross in favour of finished and semi-finished products to protect jobs. 5, protection and isolation measures taken during the construction process. Construction site