英语写作套路

英语写作套路 　　要写好文章离不开扎实的基础，可是，打好基础并不是一蹴而就的事情，需要长时间的不懈努力。写作本无捷径可走，但是作为英语写作教学的摸索，尝试着为初写者开辟一条作文套路捷径。 　　我们知道，文章的结构掌握着文章的全局。作文的内容固然重要，但它离不开结构的衬托。没有结构的内容就犹如一盘散沙，令人无所适从。 　　以下的套路可以帮助初写者理清思路，使文章不至于离题万里。这些套路在教学实践中证明是可行的但不是完美的。恰当使用这些套路的关键在于灵活运用而不是生搬硬套。 一. 对. . . . . .看法（My View on . . .题型） 公说公有理，婆说婆有理，许多话题永远争论不休。写作考得最多的就是这种题型。例如：“1.失败是常有的事，2.人们对失败有各种不同的态度，3.我对失败的态度。”“1.有人认为金钱是幸福之本(source of happiness)，2.也有人认为金钱是万恶之源(root of evil)，3.我的看法。”“1.有人认为放鞭炮是好事，为什么？2.有人认为放鞭炮是坏事，为什么？3.我的看法。”等等。下面三种套路可任选一个。 套路 People’s views/ideas/opinions on vary from person to person. Some people think that... They hold this opinion because... However, others hold that... As to me, I am in favor of the first / second idea. The follow­ing are the reasons of / for my choice/personal inclination. First, while it is true that..., it doesn't mean that... Be­sides, Admittedly, . . but this is not to say that... Therefore/ In a word/ from the foregoing, ... My View on Developing Private Cars People' s views on private cars vary from person to person. Some people think that it is an inevitable tendency to develop private cars. They hold this opinion because private cars are popular in ad­vanced countries. In their opinion, China will also be an advanced country and Chinese people should have private cars. However, oth­ers hold that we should not follow the example of foreign countries and should not develop private cars at the expense of the environ­ment. As to me, I am in favor of the second idea. The following are the reasons for my personal inclination. First, while it is true that most people have private cars in ad­vanced countries, it doesn't mean that since our country has become prosperous, our people should also have private cars. We should be environment-conscious and should make full use of public transport. Besides, our country is still a developing country and some frontier and inland areas are still very poor and backward. We should develop these areas first. Admittedly some rich people can have private cars before others can, but this is not to say that private cars should be popularized and that every family should own a car. 二. 利弊 （Advantages and Disadvantages of …题型） 事物总是一分为二的。写作题目中有许多涉及某一事物的正反两方面。例如：“运动的积极因素与消极因素”、“双休日的好处与负作用”、“新的科学技术给社会带来的好处与问题”、“摩托车的优点与缺点”。凡涉及到利弊的题目时都可用下面的这个套路。 套路： Nowadays, … play(s) an important part/role in… (is/are popular around us ). Like everything else, … has/have both favorable and unfavorable aspects. Generally, the advantages can be listed as follows. First, … Besides, … Most important of all,… But every coin has two sides. The negative aspects are also apparent. To begin with, …To make matters worse/Worst of all, ... Through above analysis, I believe that the advantages/positive aspects outweigh the disadvantages/negative ones. Therefore, … On Computers Nowadays, computers are very popular around us. Like every­thing else, computers have both favorable and unfavorable aspects. Generally, the advantages can be listed as follows. First, computers can calculate. They can make work more effi­cient for they have a high speed of calculation. Besides, people can communicate with each other by E-mail, which costs people less money and less time. Most important of all, computers create wide communication around the world. People can communicate with each other by joining Internet. They can make friends all over the world. But every coin has two sides. The negative aspects are also ap­parent. To begin with, since computers can do a lot of work for us, such as calculation, we may rely too much on them and become lazier and lazier. To make matters worse, although it is convenient for people to communicate with each other by E-mail, the original warm relationship may become cold, for people will. have fewer op­portunities to talk to each other face to face. Worst of all, computers will have virus caused by electronic hackers so that a lot of important information will be lost. Through above analysis, I believe that the positive aspects out­weigh the negative aspects. Therefore, I believe, computers will have a bright future. 三． 如何（How to. . . 题型） 办法人人都有。 你能把你想出的办法一个一个地罗列清楚吗？作文题目有“怎样才能实现绿化”、“我是如何克服英语学习中所遇到的困难的”、“我怎么为我理想的职业作准备”等等。就用下面这个套路吧。 套路： Many ways can contribute to solving this serious problem, but the following ones may be most effective. First of all, . . . Besides, /Another way to solve the problem of... is... Finally, . . These are not the best and the only two/three measures we can take. But it should be noted that we should take strong actions to. . . How to Solve the Problem of Heavy Traffic With the booming of the motor industry, there are an increas­ing number of vehicles on the roads. As a result, traffic jams often occur. Many ways can contribute to solving this serious problem, but the following ones may be most effective. First of all, roads should be broadened to lower the degree of congestion and to speed up the flow of heavy traffic. Another way to solve the problem of heavy traffic is to open up more bus routes to reduce bicycles and automobiles. Finally, more underground pas­sages should be developed so that people can commute by metro. These are not the best and the only three ways we can take. But it should be noted that if the government takes some actions to alleviate the traffic problem, all of us can enjoy more free traffic. 四. 取舍 （A or B 题型） 人生面临着许多抉择，这在写作题目中也反映出来。例如：“始终从事一种工作还是经常更换工作”以及“有选择地读还是博览群书”。碰到这种“两者选一”类的题目， 便可运用下列两种套路中的任何一种。 套路 When we/ you , we/ you will be faced with the choice between A and B. Before making the right choice, we/you had better make a close comparison and contrast of them. First of all, A... Also, B ... Second, A ... Likewise, B ... Despite their similarities, A and B are also different in the follow­ing aspects. First, A ... However, B... Besides, A... On the contrary, B... Therefore, it depends which... we/you should choose. If we/ you... . we/you should choose A; but if we/you..., we/you should turn to B. Studying by Yourself or in School When you engage in continuing education, you will be faced with the choice between internal study and external study. Before making the right choice, you had better make a close comparison and contrast of them. First of all, if you study in a night school for adult education, you can get a diploma or degree after graduation. If you study your­self and enter for the external examination, you can also get a diploma or degree so long as you can pass all the exams required. Second, you can acquire knowledge and become a qualified talent whether you study by yourself or study in a night school. Despite their simi­larities, internal study and external study are also different in the following aspects. First, though you'll have to pay tuition for internal study, you can be guided by teachers. However, by external study you need not pay tuition or attend school regularly and you can study whenever you are free. Besides, an internal student can get a diploma more easily. On the contrary, an external student must go through very strict tests to get a diploma. Therefore, it depends which you should choose. If you want to economize and arrange your time freely, you should choose external study; but if you want to get a 五. 理由 （Why . . . 题型） 有因必有果，有果必有因。写作考原因的也较多。例如：“为什么自行车在中国这样普及”、“我理想的事业是什么？我为什么选择这事业？”、“我参加考试的理由……”等等。要说明原因或理由，可用如下两种套路的任何一种。 套路1： ...There are many reasons / causes for..., but in general, they come down to three major ones. For one thing, For an­other, Perhaps the prime reason / cause is that... From the foregoing, . . . Why Are There So Many Rural Laborers in Shanghai? Nowadays, rural laborers flood in Shanghai. Men usually make a living by decorating houses for city-dwellers. Women usually work in the restaurant, washing bowls and plates. Some of them also work in state-run factories, undertaking the work city-dwellers are unwilling to do. There are many reasons for this phenomenon, but in general, they come down to three major ones. For one thing, perhaps they are short of money and want to earn some money in Shanghai to cope with their difficulties. For an­other, they find it easier to make a living in Shanghai than in the countryside. Perhaps the prime reason is that they admire the urban life and want to live in Shanghai permanently. From the foregoing, the rural population is getting bigger and bigger in Shanghai and it has caused serious social problems. There­fore, the government should take effective measures to restrict the rural population in Shanghai.