托福综合写作（可以直接套用）

一、lecture和passage意见相反 In the lecture, the professor made several points about.......The professor argues that..... However, the reading passage contends that ......The professor's lecture casts doubt on the reading by using a number of points that are contrary to.... The first point that the professor uses to cast doubt on the reading is that....According to the professor...... .....differs from the reading in that the reading states.....The point made by the professor casts doubt on the reading because .... Another point that the professor uses to cast doubt on the reading is....The professor claims that.....However, the reading states.....This point is contradicted by..... Finally, the professor stated that, on the contrary of reading ...In other words,.....This directly contradicts what the reading passage indicates, because..... 　　反驳的单词，differ from , disagree with, cast doubt on, conflict with, challenge 二、lecture和passage意见一致 In the lecture, the professor made several points about...The lecture argues that.....The points made by the professor agree with..... In fact, the examples used by the professor support... Furthermore, the professor bolsters the reading by stating that.... The professor claims that.....This point agrees with the reading ,which contends that..... Finally, the professor states that ,in support of the reading,.....Specifically,.....This perfectly reinforced what the reading passage indicates because 　　支持的单词，enhance, uphold, corrobo, to back, justify, to substantiate, to advance 　　反驳 　　The lecture is mainly discussing ______, ________ and ___________ 　　by _________, challenging what are stated in the reading passage that _________, _________ and _______. 　　First of all, the speaker thinks that ___________. In contrast, the reading passage believes that _____________. So, the lecture totally disagree with the view made in the reading. 　　Second, the speaker discusses ___________, Contradicting what is stated in the reading that _____________________. 　　Finally, the speakers raises the issue that ___________. This point disagrees that ________________ demonstrated in the reading. 　　So, the contents in the reading passage are totally jeopardized by the speaker and the speaker has totally different ideas on the topics made in the reading. (Refute) The lecture apparently refutes the points illustrated in the reading material. According to the professor, ________________.On the contrary, the reading contends an opposite stand that_____. The first point the professor uses to cast doubt on the reading is that___________, which differs from the statement in the reading that_____. Another evidence the speaker adopts to contradict the passage is________. However, the reading states that_________. In the conclusion, the point made in the lecture contrasts with what is presented in the reading. As the professor claims, ________whereas the reading material holds that________. (Support) The lecture apparently reinforces the points illustrated in the reading material. According to the professor, ________________. Meanwhile, the reading contends a similar stand that_____. The first point the professor uses to enhance the reading is that___________, which is just the same as the statement in the reading that_____. Another evidence the speaker adopts to bolster the passage is________. Likewise, the reading states that_________. In the conclusion, the point made in the lecture gives a boost to what is presented in the reading. As the professor claims, ________which is in accordance with the reading material holds that________. (Solution) 主要用动词：supplement/complement/finalize 新托福综合写作|IBT综合写作模板 In this listening material, the professor made several points about ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿. First of all / Moreover / Furthermore, the professor states / claims / argues / discusses / mentions / talks / indicates / says / contends / raises the issue / demonstrates / makes the point / holds / believes / shows that __________________, while the reading passage （反对）contradicts / departs from / refutes / disagrees with / opposes to the writer’s expectation / casts doubt on / presents a (totally) different idea / jeopardizes / differs from / on the contrary / makes the explanation seem less likely / in contrast /（支持）supports / illustrates / strengthens / agrees with / bolsters / (perfectly) reinforces / presents the same view that ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿. （各种达） 1. The lecturer says that the theory stated in the passage was very indifferent and somewhat inaccurate when compared to what happened for real. 2. This directly contradicts what the passage indicates. 3. This was another part where experience contradicted theory. 4. This is entirely opposed to the writer’s expectation. 5. This is where the speaker disagrees with the writer. （反对）Finally, the speakers raises the issue that ___________. This point disagrees that ________________ demonstrated in the reading. So, the contents in the reading passage are totally jeopardized by the speaker and the speaker has totally different ideas on the topics made in the reading. （支持）Finally, the professor states that, in support of the reading, ___________________. This perfectly reinforced what the reading passage indicates, because the passage says that ___________________________. In the lecture, the professor makes several points about... / the professor argues that... However, the reading passage contends that... The professor's lecture casts doubt on the reading by using a number of points that are contrary to... The first point that the professor uses to cast doubt on the reading is that... According to the professor, ... differs from the reading in that the reading states... The point made by the professor casts doubt on the reading because... Another point that the professor uses to cast doubt on the reading is... The professor claims that... However, the reading states.....This point is contradicted by... Finally, the professor states that, on the contrary of reading, ... In other words, ... This directly contradicts what the reading passage indicates, because... 表反对：differ from / disagree with / cast doubt on / conflict with / challenge… In the lecture, the professor made several points about... The lecture argues that... The points made by the professor agree with... In fact, the examples used by the professor support... Furthermore, the professor bolsters the reading by stating that... The professor claims that... This point agrees with the reading, which contends that... Finally, the professor states that, in support of the reading, ... Specifically, ... This perfectly reinforced what the reading passage indicates because... 表支持：enhance, uphold, corroborate, justify, substantiate, advance 常用反对模板： In the lecture, the professor argues that ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿, which differs from the main idea in the reading that ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿. Doubt is casted on points in the reading by points in the lecture in aspects below. The first point that the professor uses to cast doubt on the reading is that ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿, while the reading states ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿. According to the lecture, the professor holds the view that ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿. In addition, the professor claims that ＿＿＿＿＿. However, the reading states＿＿＿＿＿＿. This is another point. Finally, the professor states that, on the contrary of the reading, ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿. This directly contradicts what the reading indicates, namely ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿. In conclusion, the points made in the lecture contrast with the reading ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿, ＿＿＿＿＿＿ and ＿＿＿＿＿ demonstrate that ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ is in doubt. The lecture is mainly discussing ______, ________ and ___________ by _________, challenging what are stated in the reading passage that _________, __________ and _________. First of all, the speaker thinks that ___________. In contrast, the reading passage believes that _____________. So, the lecture totally disagrees with the view made in the reading. Second, the speaker discusses ___________, Contradicting what is stated in the reading that _____________________. Finally, the speakers raises the issue that ___________. This point disagrees that ________________ demonstrated in the reading. So, the contents in the reading passage are totally jeopardized by the speaker and the speaker has totally different ideas on the topics made in the reading. 一， 对立类 （就一个事物判断是与否agree or disagree） 　　1,开头（给出A B C三个） 　　A方案.(GM) 　　With the development/introduction…, xxx, the xxx, are more and more +adj/ become adj increasingly. Xxx often face the dilemma of whether to vt …… with all aspects carefully considered, I believe that……/ I think to vt what would be a better choice. 　　B方案． 　　在日常生活中，有很多值得我们去推敲判断的问题。就像我们看到上文作者提 　　出的问题时，你会如何认为？（有的人认为……；也有的人认为……；）就我的而 　　言，如下的考虑方向使得我认为……。 　　In daily life /during our life, so many problems are worth considering carefully. As what has been come up with, when you face/when it comes to /there is a public debate today that/recently the problem has been brought into focus that… ……what is your choice and what is your opinion? Some hold the view that/some think………..while the others believe that………. However, with all aspects carefully considered, I believe that…………… 　　零碎的句子：A is a common way of ….., but is it a wise one？ Some people hold the different view…… 　　C方案. (excellent) 如果发现可以用到反问排比就这样套句,前提是你的例子足够多，头脑风暴用的又好又快。 　　Have you ever been to ……/have you ever + 过去分词/received/faced/experienced…… 　　If you had never had these experiences, you would never know/ feel/ learn/ realize/ understand……+how much fun/interesting/significant……xxx could bring you. 　　2. 正文写作(body) 　　接A方案 第一段 　　 开头中心句多用when vt+ed with xxx, ……(结果)/when taking xxx as ……+（结果）。这个结果就是本段的中心。(注意主题避免过细否则下面不好写) 　　其他开头：Nowadays there is a growing awareness that… 　　 It is time we explore the truth of 　　然后举例选不同的角色 例如equipped with xxx, a student may+vt/ a researcher may/ a teacher may 　　中间穿插对比例如¸ which, if done with xxx(对立方)/which, if completed with xxx/if taken by, may well need/cost/waste much time/money/vigor/energy……多用比较级比较。When it comes to the condition that… xxx is more adj/better… than… 　　The advantages for A outweigh than B when sth is concerned/when we consider … 　　The advantages of A outweigh that of B when…………… 　　段尾重申主题。事实上是换个角度和说法，with the development of xxx，such as increase of………., the condition can be 被动/ more adj, whereas +原来条件的限制或对立面的不足。 　　第二段 　　………….but that is only part of the reality, another equally important aspect is……… 　　A is but one of the many effects, another is………… 　　Another advantage of choosing A is obviously seen when you……. 　　Besides, other reasons are…….. 　　在段落中的承接： 　　what is more, furthermore, besides, also………. 　　For instance, such as, a good case in point is… a particular example for this is……….(这些大家都知道的，就不再赘述了，都有点恶心了，吼吼) 　　更高级的承接： 　　suppose/imagine that…(自定义类经常用到，大家可以体会) 　　just imagine what it would be like if…… 　　it is reasonable to expect…. 　　it is not surprising that…… 　　no wonder that……... 　　更多的主题开头 　　in fact, xxx is the reader’s major concern 　　unlike xxx, xxx2(同谓语), aaa may vt 　　以后几段少写一些 　　最后一个例证段的开头：the last but not the least……….. 　　在段落中的自问自答可以有效地证明自己的观点。 　　Why……?.The answer to this problem involves many factors. The first reason can be obviously seen 　　Most people would agree that….. Some people may neglect that….. in fact……other suggest that…… 　　Part of explanation is ……… 　　过渡段（A类可以没有或很少如果你在每个段子中都又对比，B类(见下)＝让步段） 　　如果段与段都是同一个观点：to understand the truth of…., it is also important to see….. 　　what is more, a study of …..will make this point clearer 　　如果我们转到另一方说对立面地优点：certainly/of course, xxx has its own advantages, such as……..+however,+ 我的观点 　　I do not deny that xxx has its own merits such as … but… 　　Admittedly…xxx also play an important role in …….. 　　接B方案 其他结构及应急措施 　　如果不够用（开头用了过多时间例如超过7分钟了） 　　我们不用避讳first/for one thing, second/also, third/what is more 　　我们先列出三个优点，在最后写出对立方的不足 　　例如：of course, xxx give us/ bring us………….说一些对立方的优点（所以后面B方案结尾就不用让步了）。在结尾最终敲定你的观点也不迟。例如But , as xxx, we should / do not /we had better.总之，我们的body末端就像是在画一道九曲十八弯的江水（说得有点夸张），但最终她是要流向大海的。 　　3结尾（A方案＝让步＋结论 B方案＝结论） 　　接A方案的结尾，让步同样可以这样：of course, xxx give us…/ xxx, certainly, has its own merits/advantages. 后面 ＋ 一大堆“一句话例子”。最后however, for xxx, xxx, equipped with more merits like ……can be more reasonably treated as a wiser choice./I therefore reinforce my standpoint to choose xxx as my final choice (for the ……to ….) 　　接B方案的结尾中只有结论（因为前面body部分已经让步）：一定是转折开头but ,as xxx, we had better……记住不一定用什么to sum up/in conclusion……有时候一个转折词更能体现鲜明的逻辑关系，用别的反而模糊了。这样我们的B类的最后两段就分别完成了让步和结论的功能。 　　当然，如果你没有时间了，我这里同样有紧急方案，而且效果同样很好。 　　这样地结尾只有两个部分:in conclusion/ to sum up/in summery/from what has been discussed above, we may safely draw the conclusion that…/it is wiser… xxx has more/better(比较级)， I hence/therefore reinforce my standpoint to choose xxx as the final choice for…我测了一下时间，应该可以在一分钟之内搞定结尾。（旁白：不就是背么？！） 　　二，比较类 （两种事物或一个事物的两种情况比较advantage and disadvantage） 　　开头同上，不过可以不写观点：（我们加一种经典开头写观点的）since the announcement of xxx to do xxx(university’s plan to develop a new center), many people have showed their concern for the project and expressed their views of xxx. ………… it is clear that the diversified views have converged to two: …… Now that we have to make a decision, I think we should choose the latter without hesitation. / But I prefer…….. 　　中间：as everybody knows, ……………in short,…………….. 　　there are several reasons. 　　first of all 　　the second 　　the third 　　the reasons above may can answer why I prefer to …….. 　　结尾because of the above reasons, I strongly recommend that we …… 　　不写观点的开头( 很普便，提倡！！！)：some people like ……while others……often It depends on the……Those who……will choose/like …… They like ……will prefer……. 　　然后分类陈述优点 　　倒数第二段就要开始驳论，说出你选择的具有更多的优点：some people would say that ……然后根据这个驳论他。就是自己立个靶子打。 　　结尾和其他的不一样了，要注意始终两边说，并可以有也可以没有自己的偏向。Both ……and …….. are………and both are……….. I prefer………because………but people will make the choice that fit their lifestyle best. 　　大家都知道，比较类和对立类区别不大，所以看看对立类的基本上两种就都能掌握。不过要注意的是，这两种类型的文章 　　如果没提点对立面或其他选择(包括让步)，是不可能上4分的。 （from redrock） 　　三，自定义类(自己的观点imagine…… , why do you think……how can……) 　　个人认为自定义类是更自由一些，所以前面的模板自然可以沿用，不过，自由就需要我们准备更多的例子和更利于写作的选择。比如问题问你最希望见的历史人物，最愿意回到过去哪个地方哪个时候，问你家里的哪个空间在你看来最重要……最好把所有的题目都想一遍，如果时间紧，也要把自定义类的好好想想，有备无患。