巧学现在完成时

nullnull巧学“现在完成时”null I. 构成：have / has +动词的过去分词 II. 具体用法： 1. 表示“已完成”。 分为两种情况： (1)表示过去发生并结束的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。 (2)表示从过去到现在这段时间之间曾经经历过的事情。 如： The clock has just struck ten．时钟刚敲过十点。 Guilin is the most beautiful place I have ever visited. 桂林是我去过的最美丽的地方。null2. 表示“未完成”。 表示过去已经开始，持续到现在，而且可能还会持续下去的动作或状态。 常和表示一段时间的状语如for, since, these days, this year等连用。如： Mr. Wang has worked in the factory since he came to the city. 自从到这个城市以来，王先生一直在这家工厂工作。 Her mother has worked as a teacher for thirty years. 她母亲已当了三十年教师。nullIII．巧辨现在完成时 当现在完成时表示过去的动作时与一般过去时的区别是： 现在完成时强调此事对现在的影响，着眼点在现在。一般过去时表达过去某时发生的事情，强调“过去”。不妨试一试： (1) 看时间状语。如果句中没有表示过去确切时间的状语，看具体情况，两种时态都可用；如果有，则一般用一般过去时。如： I (have) bought a new English-Chinese dictionary. 我买了一本新英汉词典。 I bought a new English-Chinese dictionary yesterday. 昨天我买了一本新英汉辞典。null现在完成时常用的时间状语 already (早已经) never（从未） ever（曾经） not…yet （尚未） today（今天） lately（最近） just （刚刚） before（以前） now （现在） this month （这个月） in recent years（最近几年） for two years（两年） from then on（从那时起） up to now（直到现在） so far （到现在为止） ever since（从那时起） since three years ago （自从三年前开始） since…（自从…以来） in the past last few years（在过去的几年里）null(2) 看句首有无疑问词。如果笼统地问对方是否做过某事 (句首无疑问词)，常用现在完成时；但当询问何时、何地、何原因、用什么方式做某事时(句首有疑问词)，要用一般过去时。如： — Has the plane arrived? 飞机到了吗? — Yes, it has. 是的，到了。 — When did it arrive? 什么时候到的? —Half an hour ago. 半小时前。 注意：这种用法是以连贯性问答为背景的。否则就需要具体情况具体分析。null[走出误区]现在完成时与瞬间动作： 瞬间动词如arrive, begin, borrow, buy, come, die, join, leave等可以用于现在完成时，但其肯定式不能和表示一段时间的状语连用。如： I hear he has come back. 我听说他回来了。(√) I hear he has come back for a few days. 我听说他回来好几天了。(×) I hear he has been back for a few days. (√)null瞬间动词与延续性动词的转换come/go — be (in) leave — be away borrow — keep buy — have die — be dead get to know — know begin — be on go out — be off go out — be off arrive – be here/there marry/get married (to)— be married (to) begin to work/study/live – work/study/leave fall asleep/get to sleep — be asleep join the Party — be in the Party/be a member of常见非延续性动词和延续性动词的转变常见非延续性动词和延续性动词的转变第一类：动词 be + adj. die finish open/close fall ill/asleep marry sb/get married to 第二类：动词 be + 介词. start/begin leave join be deadbe away from be in/be a member ofbe open/closedbe onbe overbe ill/asleepbe married tonull 第三类：动词 另一个动词 buy borrow get/begin to延续性v. become put on eg. keephavebe延续性v.wearnullIV. 常见用法讲解： 固定句式：It is/ has been …since…“自从……以来多长时间了”。 since后面的句子用一般过去时。如： It is / has been sixty years since the People’s Republic of China was founded. 中华人民共和国成立已经有六十年了。 (2) 固定句式：This / It is the first (second, third…) time that…“这是第……次……”，that从句用现在完成时。如： This is the first time that I have watched stars through a telescope. 这是我第一次通过望远镜看星星。 null（3）This is the+最高级+名词+现在完成时 This is one of the most interesting film I’ve ever seen. 这是我看过的所有的影片中最有趣的之一。 （4）This is the only+名词+现在完成时 This is the only book I’ve bought in Japan. 这是我在日本买的唯一一本书 null(3) have been (to)和have gone (to)的区别： have / has been (to) 表示“曾经到过某地”，侧重指经历。have / has gone (to) 表示某人“已经去某地了”，说话时此人可能在路上或已到那里。如： Tom has been to Japan; I have also been there. 汤姆曾去过日本，我也曾去过。 Tom has gone to Beijing and he will come back next week. 汤姆去北京了，下个星期回来。null1)(福州)----Where’s Ben? ---- He______ to the teachers’ office. He’ll be back soon. A. go B. has gone C. has been 2) (重庆) I _______ my hometown for a long time. I really miss it. A. left B. went away from C. have left D. have been away from 3) (聊城)----Will you please go to see the movie Guanyinshan with me ? ----No, I won’t. I ______ it already. A. saw B. have seen C. see D. will see 4) (南宁) She isn’t at the cinema now because she _________the library. 　　 A. has been to B. have been to C. have gone to D. has gone to 5) (南京市) —Where do you think ______  he ______ the computer? —Sorry, I have no idea. A. /; bought B. has; bought C. did; buy D. does; buy 6) (威海)---Hi, guys. Where are you heading now ? ---- Home. We _____ all our money, so have to walk home now. A. spend B. spent C. have spent D. are spending 现在完成时与中考null7) (安徽) He promised to pick me up at the school gate. However. he    __ yet.   A. didn't arrive  B. doesn't arrive C. isn't arriving  D. hasn't arrived 8) (兰州) ----How do you like your English teacher ? ----He is great. We all love him. We ______ friends since three years ago. A. were B. have made C, have been D. have become 9) (济南) He has ________ for three or four days. A. got a headache B. fallen ill C. caught a cold D. had a cough 10) 四川眉山）----How long has Sam been skating? ------He for five hours. A have been skating B has been skating C was skating D has been skated 11) (广州) —What is the weather like this summer here? —There ________very little rain. A. has B. has been C. are D. have been 12) (武汉) ---Jim isn’t in the classroom.Where is he? ---He _______to the teacher’s office. A. will go B. has gone C. had gone D. is goingnull13- Could I clean the bedroom for you? - No, thanks. I it myself. A. cleaned B. have cleaned C. was cleaning D. had cleaned 14-The Summer Palace is wonderful. Have you ever visited any other interesting places? -Yes. Also, we _________ to the Great Wall. A. have gone B. have been C. had gone D. had been 15-Where ____ you ____ lunch?-At home．There was no school lunch A．did；have B．are；having C．will；have D．do；have 16-Where is Mr.Lec?I have something important to tell him. --You_______find him.He________Japan. A.won't ,has gone to B.may not,has been to C.may,has gone to D.can't ,has been to null17.In the past few years there ______ great changes in my hometown. A. have been B. were C. had been D. are 18.- David promised to come round to have supper with us today. - But he ____. I've been alone for half an hour. A. won't B. hadn't C. hasn't D. doesn't 19.- Have you ever been anywhere for a trip? - A trip? I ________ away from my hometown even once. A. went B. have gone C. have been D. have never been 20-Would you like to go and see Avatar with me tonight? --Thank you very much,but I______it already. A.see B.will see C.have seen D.am seeing 21- Would you like to see the film Confucius with me this evening? - I'd love to , but I _________ it . A. had seen B. have seen C. watch D. Am watching