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英文谜语趣谈

2011-06-22 6页 doc 63KB 103阅读

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英文谜语趣谈英文谜语趣谈 英文谜语趣谈 英文谜语同中国谜语一样有着极其悠久的历史,其中最为有名的大概是斯芬克司之“谜”了。“斯芬克司”一词源自希腊语Sphinx,是希腊神话中一个可怕的怪物,它长着女人的头、狮子的身躯,身上还有两只翅膀。传说中,狮身人面的女怪斯芬克司生性残酷无比,常常守在大路口,让过往的行人猜一个谜,猜错了就要被吃掉。有一次,一位国王的儿子被斯芬克司吃掉了,国王一怒之下,发出悬赏:“谁能把它制服,就给他王位。”青年俄狄浦斯(Oedipus)应召前去,很快就道破谜底,斯芬克司便自杀了。这个世界著名的谜语是:What goes...
英文谜语趣谈
英文谜语趣谈 英文谜语趣谈 英文谜语同中国谜语一样有着极其悠久的历史,其中最为有名的大概是斯芬克司之“谜”了。“斯芬克司”一词源自希腊语Sphinx,是希腊神话中一个可怕的怪物,它长着女人的头、狮子的身躯,身上还有两只翅膀。传说中,狮身人面的女怪斯芬克司生性残酷无比,常常守在大路口,让过往的行人猜一个谜,猜错了就要被吃掉。有一次,一位国王的儿子被斯芬克司吃掉了,国王一怒之下,发出悬赏:“谁能把它制服,就给他王位。”青年俄狄浦斯(Oedipus)应召前去,很快就道破谜底,斯芬克司便自杀了。这个世界著名的谜语是:What goes on four feet, on two feet, and three, but the more feet it goes on, the weaker it will be.其谜底是Man. Because he crawls first, then walks on two feet, uses a cane when old.因为人在婴儿时用四肢在地上爬行,成人后两腿行走,年老后拄拐杖走路,所以谜底是“人”。这个谜语还可以这样说:What goes on four legs at dawn, two at noon, and three at dusk? 在《圣经·士师记》中有这样一个故事,大力士参孙杀死了一头狮子,后来在狮子的尸体里发现了一群蜜蜂和蜂蜜,于是他就这件事编了一则谜语:Out of the eater came something to eat;/ Out of the strong came something sweet.他让菲利士人猜这个谜语,并允诺如果他们在七天之内给出谜底,就送给他们三十套亚麻布长袍和三十套衣服;如果给不出答案,他们就要送给他这些东西。狡猾的菲利士人让参孙的妻子哄骗参孙说出谜底。在第七天日落之前,菲利士人把答案告诉了参孙:What is sweeter than honey? / What is stronger than a lion? 上面两则有趣的谜语中,谜面的构成方法十分类似,都是采用了描写其特征的方法,英语中这种谜语被称为事物谜,也叫做描述性谜语(descriptive riddles)。事物谜的谜面通常是用比喻、暗示或其他方法来描绘所猜谜底的特征,和汉语中物谜的谜面构成及猜测方法基本相同。举例说明一下:   My fatherland is Arabia,   Though in England they roast me brown.   I'm ground up inside a mill,   And tortured with scalding water,   And then they pour milk over me,   And drink me at their leisure. 谜底是“Coffee”。这个谜语用第一人称自述的手法道出谜面,最后一句则是点睛之笔,使人一下就猜出谜底是某种饮料。 另外一种人们经常见到的英文谜语是字谜(charades),字谜经常在字母、音节或是整个词的离合上做文章。字谜的谜面通常是前面几句描述谜底单词的某个或某些字母在哪些单词中出现或是不出现,最后一句点出词义,或是为猜谜提供一些暗示和猜测的方向,有点像中文里的谜目。猜英文字谜的关键是不要被谜面的含义或是寓意所迷惑,否则的话,很可能误入它途,不得要领。例如:   1) The beginning of eternity,     The end of time and space.     The beginning of every end,     And the end of every place.   将句中提到的单词“eternity, time, space, end, place”按照字面意思进行拆分,即可得到谜底:“The letter E”。   2)What starts with T,ends with T and full of T?谜底是“A teapot”。teapot(茶壶)一词以字母T开头和结尾,而茶壶里装的自然是茶(tea),所以是full of T。   3)The longest word in the world.谜底是“smiles”。这个单词的首字母和尾字母之间是单词“mile”(英里),可以理解为首尾间有一英里长,自然就是世界上最长的单词了。猜这个字谜时,千万不要去翻词典去找一个字母最多的单词。 英文谜语中一个重要的类型是智力谜语,主要涉及一些机智与诙谐的问题(shrewd and witty questions),谜底通常是语义双关,和汉语中脑筋急转弯的问题极为类似,在英语中被称作“conundrums”。在莎士比亚悲剧《哈姆雷特》第五幕第一场中,两个专门为死人挖墓穴的工人出了一则智力谜语:What is he that builds stronger than either the mason,the shipwright or the carpenter?意思是谁造出来的东西比泥水匠、船匠或是木匠造的更坚固?谜底是:The gallows-maker,for that frame outlives a thousand tenants.因为绞架比任何一个被吊死其上的死刑犯都存在得长久,所以谜底是“造绞架的人”。莎士比亚用这则谜语告诉人们今日的辉煌迟早会成为过去。 猜智力谜语很有意思,也很有挑战性。破解智力谜语首先要有对语言的悟性及灵活运用的能力,其次是丰富的语言知识,二者缺一不可。 英文中,有些智力谜语貌似严肃,煞有介事,谜底却是稀松平常,让人哭笑不得,大呼上当。例如:   1) What is the difference between a presidential candidate and an overworked secretary? 谜底是“One can't wait to get into office and the other can't wait to get out of the office.”总统候选人(presidential candidate)迫不及待地要上任(get into office),而工作过度劳累的秘书则期待着下班(get out of the office)回家休息。   2)What is the cheapest way to see the world? 谜底是“Buy an atlas”。买一张地图(buy an atlas)就可以见到整个世界(see the world)了。而其实see the world作为一个固定词组时的意思是“见多识广”。 有些貌似简单,谜底却耐人寻味。如:   What goes up and never goes down?谜底是“Age”。年龄是永远向上增长,不可能下降的。 还有一些则语出惊人,出人意料,细细品味倒也幽默风趣,让人哑然失笑。   例如:   Why should you never marry a tennis player? 谜底是“Because love means nothing to them”。love的通用义是“爱情”,在网球比赛中则表示“零分”。 英文智力谜语中有一类比较难猜,这类谜语是通过篡改英语谚语、成语或名句而形成的,要猜出这些谜语就必须对这些谚语、成语了如指掌,否则,就是绞尽脑汁也未必能猜中。略举例说明一下:   1)Why shouldn't you cry if a cow slips on the ice? 谜底是“Because it's no use crying over spilt milk.” 英语中成语“覆水难收”是这样表达的:“It's no use crying over spilt milk.”所以谜底就用成语作一戏言,因为母牛摔在地上,它身上的牛奶也洒了。   2)What's a sculptor's motto? 谜底是“All work and no clay makes Jack a dull boy.” 雕塑师(sculptor)的格言All work and no clay makes Jack a dull boy.(只工作没有土,聪明孩子也变傻。)是模仿谚语All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy.(只工作不玩耍,聪明孩子也变傻。)杜撰而来。 猜英文谜语不是易事,却是件愉悦身心、让人觉得很有成就感的事,有其难,亦有其乐。在猜谜的过程中,可以丰富语言知识,提高驾御语言的能力,培养对语言的悟性,同时还可以增加生活的情趣。最后,为了引起大家对英文谜语的兴趣,留几则谜语请大家猜一猜:   I.字谜:   1) There is a thing that is the first to pity and the last to help.   2) I am the beginning of sorrow, and the end of sickness.     You cannot express happiness without me;     yet I am in the midst of crosses.     I am always in risk, yet never in danger.     You may find me in the sun,     but I am never out of darkness.   3) My first is nothing but a name;     My second still more small;     My whole of so much smaller fame,     It has no name at all.   4) If the English alphabet goes from A to Z, what goes from Z to A?   II.事物谜:   1) At night they come     Without being fetched,     And by day they are lost     Without being stolen.   2) As round as an apple,     As deep as a pail;     It never cries out,     Till it's caught by the tail.   3) My sides are firmly laced about,     Yet nothing is within;     You'll think my head is strange indeed,     Being nothing else but skin.   4) Over the water,     And under the water,     And never touch the water.   5) I never was, am always to be,     No one ever saw me, nor ever will     And yet I am the confidence of all     To live and breathe on this terrestrial ball.   III.智力谜:   1) Why are Saturdays and Sundays so strong?   2)swheresdo smart dogs refuse to shop?   3) Would you rather an elephant kill you, or a gorilla?   4) When do elephants have sixteen feet?   5) Which is faster, heat or cold?   6) What's every baby's motto?- 答案:   I.字谜:1) The letter P 2)The letter S 3)Nameless 4) Zebra   II.事物谜:1)Stars 2)A bell 3)A drum 4)A girl crossing a bridge with a pail of water on her head. 5)Tomorrow   III.智力谜:   1)Because the rest are weekdays.提示:weekdays的意思是“工作日”,而week(星期)和weak(弱的)是一对同音异义词。   2)At flea markets.提示:flea market的意思是“跳蚤市场”(经营廉价古物、旧货等的露天市场)。谜底把flea market曲解为“跳蚤的市场”,聪明的狗可不愿长跳蚤,自然不愿去有跳蚤的市场。   3)I'd rather he kill the gorilla.提示:谜面可以有两种解释。第一种是“你希望大象杀死你,还是大猩猩杀死你?”第二种解释是“你希望大象杀死你,还是杀死大猩猩?”   4)When there are four of them.提示:因为四只大象(four elephants)有十六条腿。   5)Heat. You can catch cold.提示:catch cold的意思是“患感冒”,字面意思是“抓住冷”,但是从来没人说catch heat。   6) If at first you don't succeed, cry, cry again.提示:孩子的格言If at first you don't succeed, cry, cry again.(一次哭闹不成功,哭闹再哭闹)是模仿谚语If at first you don't succeed, try, try again.(一次不成功,努力再努力)杜撰而来。 Puzzle 1. What bank has no money? 2. What falls often but never gets hurt? 3. What can go around the earth without rockets? 4. What is the end of everything? 5. What goes up and never comes down? 6. What is yours, but is used more by others than by you? 7. How many sides does a house have? 1.the riverbank 2.snow 3.the moon 4.the letter 'g' 5.your age 6.your name 7.two-inside and outside 1.Have you heard the saying: what goes up must come down? Well what goes up and never goes down? 2.My thunder comes before my lightning. My lightning comes before my rain. My rain dries up all the land it touches. What am I? 3.You can see it, but you can't touch it. It may disappear, but has never really left you. It grows throughout the day. What is it? 4.What common English verb becomes its own past tense by rearranging its letters? 5.I have holes on the top and bottom. And I have holes in the middle, yet I still hold water. I have holes on my left and on my rig. What am I? 6.A word I know, six letters it contains, Subtract just one, and twelve is what remains. What is the word? 7.What can run but never walks, has a mouth but never talks, has a head but never weeps, has a bed but never sleeps? 8.What object has keys that open no locks, space but no room, and you can enter but not go in? 9.Light as a feather, there is nothing in it; the strongest man can't hold it for much more than a minute? 10.What two words have the most letters in it? keys 1.your age 2.I'm a Volcano. 3.shadow 4.Eat or Ate 5.a sponge 6.dozens 7.a river 8.a keyboard 9.breath 10.post office 英语智力谜语 What can children do that adults can't? 提示:什么事情只有孩子才能做而成人做不到呢?只有孩子才能长大(grow up),成人不能再长大了。 What can fall on a lake yet not make ripples in the water? 提示:月光(moonlight)落在湖面上(fall on a lake)当然不会引起涟漪(make a ripple)。 How do you make a turtle fast? 提示:make a turtle fast也是个歧义短语,一个解释是“使乌龟爬得快”,另一个解释是“使乌龟禁食”。要使乌龟禁食,不给它喂食(stop feeding it)自然是一种。 How does a ghost open his gate? 提示:skeleton key是“万能钥匙”的意思,skeleton是“骷髅”的意思,鬼魂开门用skeleton key当然是戏言而已。 What cakes do children dislike? 提示:cake的一个意思是“糕点”,另一个意思是“块”,例如:a cake of soap(一块肥皂)。 What can a man be that a woman can't? 提示:只有男人(man)才能当父亲(father)。 What band can't play music? 提示:band是“乐队”的意思,而rubber band是“橡皮筋”。 What book has the most stirring chapters? 提示:stirring的一个意思是“激动人心的”,另一个意思是“(炒菜时)搅动的”。烹调书(a cook book)正适合。 What breed of dog has no tail? 提示:这是个字谜。dog(狗)是hot dog(热狗,面包夹香肠)的一部分。 What are the little white things that bite? 提示:bite的基本意思是“咬”。牙齿能“咬”,这是显而易见的。但是,谜面“What are the little white things that bite?”给人的第一印象是“咬人的小东西是什么”。(Teeth) What can have hundreds of limbs but can't walk? 提示:limb的一个意思是“肢干”,另一个意思是“大树枝”。(A tree) What are the largest ants in the world? 提示:这是个字谜。ant(蚂蚁)是单词giant(巨人)的一部分。(Giant) What animal took the most luggage into the Ark and what animal took the least? 提示:trunk的一个意思是“象的鼻子”,另一个意思是“箱子”;comb 的一个意思是“鸡冠”,另一个意思是“梳子”。(The elephant took his trunk, whereas rooster only had a comb.) What are a banker's favourite vowels? 提示:I,O,U三个元音组成单词IOU,意思是“借据”(由I owe you 的读音缩略转义而成)。 What are spider webs good for? 提示:spider webs(蜘蛛网)对spider(蜘蛛)有用,这是不容置疑的。(Plain biscuits) What always speaks the truth but remains silent? 提示:镜子(mirror)不会说话,但是能照出人的真面目。 Should you eat your soup with your right or left hand? 提示:你应该用右手还是用左手喝汤(Should you eat your soup with your right or left hand)?话虽这么说,其实你是用汤匙(spoon)喝汤。(Neither, you should use a spoon.) How can a hat talk? 提示:帽子怎么能够说话呢?其实,这是个字谜,hat(帽子)加上个字母C就成为chat(闲谈)。(Add the letter “C”, and you make it chat.) How does a fish in a hurry travel? 提示:计程车是taxicab,海里有crab(螃蟹),taxi-crab是戏谑的说法。(By taxi-crab) For which birthday do candles burn longest on a cake? 提示:按照正常的思维,burn longest的意思是“燃烧的时间最长”,答案burn shorter的意思是“越烧越短”,这个谜语是利用句子的歧义来制造幽默的效果。(None, because candles always burn shorter.) Have you heard of the joke about the knife? 提示:刀(knife)可以用来杀人,当然是杀人的工具(killer),可是别忘了killer的另一个解释是“迷人的东西”!(It’s a killer.) How do you tell the naked truth? 提示:naked truth(真相)和bare facts(赤裸裸的事实)是英语中两个常用的搭配,分别用于谜面和谜底,显得十分贴切。(Just give the bare facts.) What can you put into a barrel to make it lighter? 提示:把桶(barrel)里装的东西拿走一些,挖出个空洞(hole),桶也就变轻了。(A hole) How does a broom act? 提示:扫帚怎样表演(How does a broom act)呢?谜底巧妙地运用了英语中的惯用搭配sweeping gestures(大幅度的挥手动作),因为sweeping(打扫)通常是跟扫帚联系在一起的。 (With sweeping gestures) How do you stop your dog from digging in the garden? 提示:怎样阻止狗在花园里挖土(keep the rabbits from digging in the garden)?谜底“把铁锹拿走”(take away his spade)自然是一句戏言。 How do you stop a skunk from smelling? 提示:smell有两个意思,一个是“发出气味”,另一个是“嗅”。谜面的意思当然应该取第一个意思,如果取第二个意思的话,即“怎样阻止臭鼬闻气味”,那么谜底“堵住它的鼻子”(hold its nose)不失为一种办法。 How do you stop the rabbits from digging in the yard? 提示:怎样阻止兔子在院子里挖土(keep the rabbits from digging in the yard)?谜底“把铁锹藏起来”(hide the spade)也是一句戏言。 How do you pronounce VOLIX? 提示:VOL是volume(卷)的缩写,Ⅸ是罗马数字“九”(nine)。所以,VOLIX应该读作volume nine(第九卷)。 How do you stop a mouse from squeaking? 提示:squeak这个象声词可以用于老鼠的吱吱叫声,也可以用于未经润滑的铰链等的轧轧声。谜底oil it(给它加点油)看来不合情理,其实,给老鼠喝点油,它还真可能不叫了。 How do you stop a cold from going to your chest? 提示:怎样防止寒气进入胸腔(stop a cold from going to your chest)?可以有各种有效的办法,谜底给了一个馊主意,但是没有错。(Tie a knot in your neck.) How did the blotting paper manufacturer find his job? 提示:吸水纸(blotting paper)的功能是吸水(absorbing),吸水纸制造商当然认为自己的行业是有吸引力的(absorbing)。这里的absorbing一词一语双关。 How did the gangster get caught? 提示:“穿的鞋太紧而挤脚”是pinch,“逮捕”也是pinch。知道这个情况,谜底就不难理解了。(He bought a new pair of shoes and they pinched him.) How do you make a fisherman's net? 提示:渔网(a fisherman's net)有网绳和网眼,现实里当然是由网绳结出网眼,“把网眼缝在一起”(Just sew a lot of holes together)这样的回答只不过是抬杠而已。 How can you be sure to start a fire with two sticks? 提示:要点火(start a fire)的话,用一根拨火棍(stick)就足够了,若要用第二根“棍”的话,肯定是火柴棍(match)。(Make sure one of them is a match.) How can you light a candle with a box of candles and no matches? 提示:谜面是“没有火柴怎样点燃一盒蜡烛?”谜底是“拿走一根蜡烛,就减少了一根蜡烛的分量。”似乎文不对题,其实,这里利用了light的歧义,light作为动词解是“点燃”的意思,作为形容词解是“轻”的意思。lighter还有“打火机”的意思。(Remove a candle and the box becomes a candle lighter.) How can you stop a sleepwalker from walking in his sleep? 提示:不让人梦游(walk in his sleep)的简单办法是不让他睡着,这不是治病的办法,但是他醒着就确实不会梦游。(Keep him awake.) How much sand is there in a hole one metre long and one metre wide? 提示:同样,“洞”(hole)里也不会有“砂子”(sand),有砂子的地方就不是洞。(There ia no sand in the hole.) How was the lady's new air conditioner? 提示:leave somebody cold的字面意义是“使人感到冷”,比喻意义是“没有感觉”。空调机(air conditioner)能降温,出了毛病就不起作用,这位太太就“没有感觉”了。(It left her cold.) How would you divide thirteen apples evenly among twelve people? 提示:把十三个苹果均匀地分给十二个人很难做到,除非是做成苹果酱(Make apple sauce)。 How long can a goose stand on one leg? 提示:有谁见过大鹅“金鸡独立”(stand on one leg)吗?既然没见过,那么就试试看吧(try it and see)。(Try it and see.) How many feet are there in a yard? 提示:feet既可以作“英尺”解,又可以作“脚”解;yard既可以作“码”解,又可以作“院子”解。谜底故意取了第二解。(It depends on how many people are standing in it.) How many lions can you put in an empty cage? 提示:跟上一个谜语的道理一样,在空的笼子里放进一只狮子以后,笼子就不是空的了。 (Only one----after that the cage is no longer empty.) How is an actor like a football player? 提示:演员(actor)和足球运动员(football player)有何相像之处呢?英语的多义词play的两个意思“戏剧”和“踢球”是联系的纽带。(They both perform plays.) How does a vampire cross the ocean? 提示:吸血鬼(vampire)怎样过海呢? vessel是“船”的意思,吸血鬼总得跟“血”有关系,那就乘blood vessel吧,只不过blood vessel的意思是“血管”!(In a blood vessel) What can you make but not use? 提示:短语make a mess的意思是“弄得一团糟”。(A mess) What can never be made right? 提示:be made right有两个意思,一个是“纠正”,另一个是“变成右”。左耳(your left ear)当然变不成右耳。 What can you do if you can't sleep on an empty stomach? 提示:sleep on an empty stomach的正常意义是“空着肚子睡觉”,谜面作“趴着睡觉”解的话,那么谜底就是“仰着睡觉”(sleep on your back)。 What do you call musical insects? 提示:hum是“哼哼”的意思,故而把有音乐细胞的昆虫(musical insects)称作humbugs。这里要说明一点,在英语里确实有humbug一词,意思是“欺骗”。 What do you call a witch who goes to the beach but won't go in the water? 提示:chicken(胆小的)对应 won't go in the water(不敢下水)。(A chicken sandwitch) What do you call an overweight pumpkin? 提示:不管南瓜(pumpkin)是不是超重(overweight),还是叫南瓜。(A pumpkin) If a neighbour's peacock laid an egg in your yard,whose egg would it be? 提示:cock是“公鸡”,hen是“母鸡”;而peacock既泛指“孔雀”,又特指“雄孔雀”。peacock特指“雄孔雀”的时候,peahen是“雌孔雀”,只有雌孔雀才能下蛋!(Nobody’s peacocks don’t lay eggs, peahen do.) What do you call a thief in a shoe shop? 提示:名词sneaker的意思是“鬼鬼祟祟的人”,把偷鞋的小偷叫做sneaker还有一层言外之意,因为sneaker的另一个意思是“旅行鞋”。(A sneaker) What do you call a snake that works for the government? 提示:serpent是“蛇”的意思。把在政府工作的蛇(a snake that works for the government)戏称为 civil serpent,这是模仿 civil servant(公职人员)而来的。(A civil serpant) What do you call a travelling flea? 提示:由英语词hitch-hiker(免费搭车旅行的人)产生了这个谜语,旅行的虱子(travelling flea)被戏称为 itch-hiker,因为 itch的意思是“发痒”。(An itch-hiker) What do you call a mouse if you put it in the freezer? 提示:mouse(老鼠)的复数是 mice,mice又使人想起了 ice(冰)。所以把放在冰箱里的老鼠(a mouse you put in the freezer)戏称为 mice。(Mice) What do you call a person who steal hamburgers? 提示:hamburglar是一个杜撰词,由 hamburger+burglar拼缀而成的。(A hamburglar) What do you call a rich fish? 提示:gold(金子)对应 rich(有钱的)。所以把有钱的鱼(a rich fish)戏称为goldfish(金鱼)。( A goldfish) What do you call a girl who gambles? 提示:Betty(贝蒂)是英语中常见的人名。把爱赌博(gamble)的女孩叫做Betty,因为bet的意思是“打赌”。 What do you call a man who arrives in your letter box? 提示:Bill(比尔)是 William(威廉)的爱称,名词 bill的意思是“账单”。 What do you call a man with a car on his head? 提示:Jack是英语中常用的人名,名词jack有“千斤顶”的意思,可以顶起汽车。所以,把“头顶上有汽车的人”(a man with a car on his head)戏称为Jack。
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