仔猪肠道疾病null
Enteric Diseases of Young Pigs
仔猪肠道疾病
Enteric Diseases of Young Pigs
仔猪肠道疾病
作者:Larry Firkins, DVM, MS, MBA
College of Veterinary Medicine
University of Illinois
美国伊利诺斯大兽医学院nullDiarrhea remains one of
the leading causes of
neonatal mortality in swine
下痢一直是新生仔...
null
Enteric Diseases of Young Pigs
仔猪肠道疾病
Enteric Diseases of Young Pigs
仔猪肠道疾病
作者:Larry Firkins, DVM, MS, MBA
College of Veterinary Medicine
University of Illinois
美国伊利诺斯大兽医学院nullDiarrhea remains one of
the leading causes of
neonatal mortality in swine
下痢一直是新生仔猪死亡的主要原因 Definition of Diarrhea
下痢的定义Definition of Diarrhea
下痢的定义Excess water in feces relative to dry matter.粪中含水量过大
Normally, much of the fluid is absorbed in the small intestine before it exits the ileum 通常,大部分水都在进入回肠之间就在小肠中被吸收了
Colon serves to conserve water and electrolytes结肠只起吸收水和电解质的作用
Mechanisms of Diarrhea下痢的机理Mechanisms of Diarrhea下痢的机理Secretory Diarrhea分泌性下痢
Result of the effect of enterotoxins secreted by bacteria and some viruses细菌和其它病毒分泌的肠毒素造成的结果
Alteration in secretion of electrolytes, water, and bicarbonate: gradient pulls water into lumen电解质、水和碳酸氢钠的分泌发生改变:使水进入肠腔
Absorption continues: Chyle in lymphatics
Mechanisms of Diarrhea下痢的机理Mechanisms of Diarrhea下痢的机理Malabsorptive Diarrhea吸收不良性下痢
Reduction in surface area of intestine 肠粘膜
面积减少
Loss of absorptive capacity吸收能力减弱
Villous atrophy绒毛萎缩
Chyle absent in lymphatics淋巴乳糜缺乏
Undigested ingesta ferments未消化的食糜发酵
Mechanisms of Diarrhea下痢的机理Mechanisms of Diarrhea下痢的机理Effusive Diarrhea渗漏性下痢
Result of severe damage to mucosa粘膜严重受损的结果
Necrotoxins produced by bacteria细菌产生的坏死毒素
Leakage of serum proteins and water due to vascular damage血管受损导致血清蛋白质和水漏出
Loss of absorptive capacity吸收能力减弱
Arriving at a Diagnosis诊断Arriving at a Diagnosis诊断History病史
Age of onset发病年龄
Vaccination history免疫接种历史
Sudden death vs. protracted diarrhea猝死和长期下痢
Arriving at a Diagnosis诊断Arriving at a Diagnosis诊断Selection of specimens病料采集
Diarrhea of 24 hrs or less下痢开始后24小时以内
Untreated未经治疗
Avoid pigs which “died during the night”不要从夜间死亡的猪采集病料nullnullSelecting Segments of Intestine
肠段的选择Selecting Segments of Intestine
肠段的选择Histopathology组织病理学
Sections representative of all areas of intestines要选择能代表肠道所有区域的部分
Better to have many small pieces than one large piece最好要采集多个较短肠段,而不要只采集一个很长的肠段
Segments ~ 1 cm long, opened lengthwise根据纵向尺寸的不同,采集1厘米左右的肠段
nullSelecting Segments of Intestine
肠段的选择Selecting Segments of Intestine
肠段的选择Fresh samples样本要新鲜
7 – 10 cm segments of ileum, jejunum7~10厘米回肠和空肠的肠段
Segment of spiral colon结肠螺旋襻的肠段
Causes of pig diarrheas
仔猪肠炎原因
Causes of pig diarrheas
仔猪肠炎原因
Nursing Weaning
断奶前 断奶后
E. coli 大肠杆菌 11% 49%
Rotavirus 轮状病毒 14% 12%
C. perfringens 19% 0%
产气荚膜梭状芽孢杆菌
TGE 传染性胃肠炎 8% 7%
Coccidiosis 球虫病 20% 15%
Source-Iowa State Diagnostic Lab 2000-2002nullColibacillosis - E. coli
大肠杆菌病Colibacillosis - E. coli
大肠杆菌病● 分泌过度性下痢 Hypersecretion diarrhea
●12小时至3~4天龄或更大的猪下痢 Diarrhea from 12 hours to 3-4 days
●可能极度水样化 May be extremely watery
● 随后发病的各窝猪更严重
Increases severity in succeeding litters
● 头胎仔猪可能更严重
Gilt litters may be more severeDiagnosis - E. coli
大肠杆菌病诊断Diagnosis - E. coli
大肠杆菌病诊断● 进行性水样下痢
progressive watery diarrhea
●实验室—用琼脂平板培养大肠杆菌
culture E. coli on agar plate
●用分离的大肠杆菌作敏感性测定
culture and sensitivity testingDiarrhea Treatments
下痢的治疗Diarrhea Treatments
下痢的治疗Gentamycin 庆大霉素
Spectinomycin 壮观霉素
Kanamycin 卡哪霉素
Neomycin 新霉素
Sulfa, trimethoprim 磺胺, 三甲氧苄氨嘧啶Colibacillosis vaccines
大肠杆菌疫苗Colibacillosis vaccines
大肠杆菌疫苗●菌苗—含有最常见的致病性菌株
在母猪产前的5周和 2周注射
此后的母猪只需产前2周注射一次
疫苗应该含有K88, K99, 987P, F41。
Bacterin - most common pathogenic strains
Inject sows 5 weeks and 2 weeks prior to farrowing
Subsequent farrowings - 2 weeks only
Clostridium perfringens type C
C型产气荚膜梭状芽孢杆菌Clostridium perfringens type C
C型产气荚膜梭状芽孢杆菌12 hrs – 7 days12小时~7天
Death in as little as 4-8 hours4~8小时内死亡
Bloody or yellow to gray diarrhea带血或黄色至灰色下痢
Necrotoxins坏死毒素
nullnullClostridium perfringens type A
A型产气荚膜梭状芽孢杆菌Clostridium perfringens type A
A型产气荚膜梭状芽孢杆菌Watery to pasty, white to yellow diarrhea水样至粘性下痢,白色至黄色
Toxins毒素
β-2 often seen in isolates from pigs with diarrhea下痢仔猪分离到的菌株常见β-2毒素
Lesions similar to those with type C病变与C型所致的病变相似
Necrosis of tips of villi绒毛顶端坏死
Lack hemorrhage无出血
Prevention and Treatments
预防和治疗Prevention and Treatments
预防和治疗Vaccinate sows 5 and 2 weeks prior to farrowing May require development of an autogenous vaccine分娩前5周和2周对母猪免疫,可能需要生产自家菌苗
Feeding antibiotics such as bacitracin to sows prior to farrowing分娩前对母猪饲喂杆菌肽等抗生素
Treat piglets at birth with penicillin or antiserum在仔猪出生时用青霉素或抗血清对其进行治疗
TGE
传染胃肠炎TGE
传染胃肠炎Highly contagious viral disease
高度传染性病毒病
Can result in 100% mortality
能引起100%死亡
Survival depends on the age of the pig
存活取决于猪的年龄
Endemic forms can develop
可能成为地方流行性TGE 传染胃肠炎TGE 传染胃肠炎Cause is a coronavirus 病原为冠状病毒
Attacks cells lining the small intestine
攻击小肠内壁细胞
Survives for long periods of time in the environment 在环境中可长期存活
Very stable when frozen
冰冻后非常稳定生存null
TGE 传染胃肠炎TGE 传染胃肠炎TGE 传染胃肠炎Inactivation of the virus 病毒的灭活
sunlight 阳光
drying 干燥
warm temperatures 高温
most disinfectants 多数消毒药TGE Clinical Signs
传染胃肠炎临床症状TGE Clinical Signs
传染胃肠炎临床症状Severe diarrhea 严重的下痢
Vomiting 呕吐
Dehydration 脱水
High mortality in young pigs under 2 weeks of age 两周龄以下的猪死亡率高
Lower mortality in pigs over 3 weeks of age 三周龄以上的猪死亡率低
nullnullTGE Spreads Rapidly
传染胃肠炎传播快TGE Spreads Rapidly
传染胃肠炎传播快Very short incubation period
潜伏期很短
Within 2-3 days majority of pigs on farm can be infected
2-3天内猪场内多数猪即被感染
Sources of Infection
传染胃肠炎传染源Sources of Infection
传染胃肠炎传染源Primarily infected shedding pigs
主要为受感染的排毒猪
People second most important
人是第二重要的传播因素
Starlings and other animals
椋鸟科鸟和其它动物Diagnosis of TGE
传染胃肠炎诊断Diagnosis of TGE
传染胃肠炎诊断Clinical signs 临床症状
Necropsy 病理剖检
Diagnostic Laboratory 实验室诊断
histological confirmation 病史确认
positive FA test 荧光抗体阳性检测nullnullTreatment of TGE
传染胃肠炎治疗Treatment of TGE
传染胃肠炎治疗
Keep warm 保暖
Antibiotics to control secondary bacteria 应用抗生素防止继发感染
Wean pigs early 早期断奶
Young pigs rarely survive despite treatment efforts
尽管进行治疗,年龄小的猪仍然很少存活。
nullTGE Immunization
传染胃肠炎免疫TGE Immunization
传染胃肠炎免疫Deliberate entire herd exposure to virus 故意让整个猪群接触病毒
Timing is important 上述处理的时间很重要
Is infection in farrowing facility?
产房内有无感染?
Goal is to shorten the overall effect
目标是减轻整体影响
TGE Immunization
传染胃肠炎免疫TGE Immunization
传染胃肠炎免疫If not in farrowing facility
如果产房内无感染
Isolate these facilities from the rest of the farm 将产房与场内其他猪舍隔离开
Expose other sows on the farm
自然免疫场内的其它母猪
TGE Vaccines
传染胃肠炎疫苗TGE Vaccines
传染胃肠炎疫苗Injectable 注射型
Oral 口服型
Variable protection to piglets through the colostrum 通过初乳对仔猪提供的免疫力强弱不一Autogenous TGE Vaccine
传染胃肠炎自家疫苗Autogenous TGE Vaccine
传染胃肠炎自家疫苗Harvest intestines from acutely infected piglets when clinical signs appear
当出现临床症状时,收集急性感染仔猪的小肠
Homogenize in a blender
放在组织粉碎机内制成匀浆
Material can be frozen for later use
冰冻保存备用Autogenous TGE Vaccine Use
传染胃肠炎自家疫苗的应用Autogenous TGE Vaccine Use
传染胃肠炎自家疫苗的应用One piglet’s intestines per 20 sows in 2 1/2 liters of water, 125cc(1/2 cup) per sow mixed in feed 每20头母猪饲喂一头仔猪的肠道组织,肠道组织匀浆溶于2.5升水中;每头母猪125毫升(半杯)混入饲料中。
Feed to sows at least 3 weeks prior to farrowing 至少在分娩前三周投喂母猪
Planned exposure to specific groups may not be contained 可以不包括对特定年龄组猪的计划性感染Autogenous TGE Vaccine Use
传染胃肠炎自家疫苗的应用Autogenous TGE Vaccine Use
传染胃肠炎自家疫苗的应用Exposure to entire herd may eliminate the virus from the farm
饲喂整个猪群可能会根除猪场内的病毒
Eliminates carrier pigs 清除带毒猪
Virus dies out 病毒死亡
Best done during hot weather
最好进行于天气炎热时Enzootic (chronic) TGE
地方性(慢性)传染胃肠炎Enzootic (chronic) TGE
地方性(慢性)传染胃肠炎Diarrhea in 7-14 day old piglets
7~14日龄的猪表现腹泻
Post weaning in the nursery
断奶后的保育仔猪
Not all pigs or litters affected
不是所有的猪或窝都被被感染
Vomiting is rare 极少发生呕吐
Sows not sick 母猪不发病Dealing With Enzootic TGE
对付地方性(慢性)传染性胃肠炎Dealing With Enzootic TGE
对付地方性(慢性)传染性胃肠炎Entire herd exposure 令整个猪群接触病毒
All-in/All-out production 全进全出的生产系统
Good sanitation and disinfectant 良好的卫生和消毒措施
Footbaths to reduce spread of virus 实施脚浴以减少病毒传播nullRotavirus 轮状病毒Rotavirus 轮状病毒●黄色至白色下痢 Yellow to white scours
●危害10日龄至3周龄的仔猪
Affects 10 day to 3 week old pig
●除非受感染的幼猪,否则死亡率低。
Mortality low unless younger pigs affected
●发病率-100%
Morbidity - 100%
Coccidiosis 球虫病Coccidiosis 球虫病● 猪等孢球虫(Isospora suis)
● 在热天时发病增多
Incidence increase during hot weather
●发病率:水泥及木板地面 100%发病
Morbidity - 100% on concrete or wood floor
●死亡率——0~20% Mortality
—第一胎的仔猪较易发病 gilt littersCoccidiosis: Diagnosis
球虫病诊断Coccidiosis: Diagnosis
球虫病诊断Histopathology 组织学 病原学
Intestinal smear 小肠涂片
Fecal flotation 粪便漂浮法检查Coccidiosis - Prevention
球虫病—预防Coccidiosis - Prevention
球虫病—预防●金属丝网状地面 wire floors
●极好的卫生 extremely good sanitation
●漂白剂或氨水消毒 bleach or ammonia (例如:次氯酸钠) sodium hypochlorite
● 冲洗母猪 wash sow
● 远离病圈 stay out of pens
Control & Treatment of Pig Diarrheas
仔猪下痢治疗与预防Control & Treatment of Pig Diarrheas
仔猪下痢治疗与预防Diagnosis 诊断
Antimicrobials 抗菌药
Electrolytes 电解质
Extreme sanitation 高度卫生
All-in,all-out 全进全出
Immunizations 免疫接种
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