【DOC】-九年级英语中考第一轮复习资料七年级下册Unit1-12精讲精练

【DOC】-九年级英语中考第一轮复习资料七年级下册Unit1-12精讲精练 九年级英语中考第一轮复习资料七年级下册Unit1- 12精讲精练 九年级英语中考第一轮复习资料 ——七年级下册Unit1-4精讲精练 I. 词组归纳 1. 在邮局和电子游戏中心之间 ________________2. 在公用电话对面 _________________ 3. 带我的狗去散步 _________________ 4. 打的去„„ _________________ 5. 玩得高兴 _________________ 6. 在附近 _________________ 7. 直走 _________________ 8. 向左转 _________________ 9. 在图书馆的右边 _________________ 10. 欢迎来到花园小区～ _________________ 11. 一幢有一个美丽花园的房子 ________________12. „„的开始 __________________ 13. 一个消遣的好地方 _________________ 14. 去我家的路 __________________ 15. 有点儿，稍微 ___________________ 16. 在晚上 ___________________ 17. 吃草和树叶 __________________ 18. 想要，愿意 __________________ 19. 与某人交谈___________________ 20. 冰茶 ___________________ 21. 也，还，而且 ___________________ 22. 参加校园剧的演出 ___________________ 23. 点一份比萨 ___________________ 24. 有一份护士的工作给你____________________ 25. 售货员 _________________ 26. 5,12岁的儿童_________________ 27. 银行职员 _________________ 28. 警察局 _________________ 29. 出去，外出 _________________ 30. 想成为 _________________ 31. 与„„一起工作 __________________ 32. 把某物给某人 __________________ 33. 从某人处得到某物 __________________ 34. 穿一套白色的制服 __________________ II. 句型归纳 1. ,_______ _______ a supermarket? ,No, there isn’t. 2. ,_______ the park? ,It’s _______ Center Street. 3. , _______ the hotel? ,It’s next _______ the bank. 4. ,_______ _______ he like koala bears? ,Because they’re _______ of cute. 5. ,_______ _______ ________ pizza would you like?,I’d like a pepperoni pizza, please. 6. ,_______ _____ pizza would she like? ,_____ like a medium pizza. 7. ,_______ would they like _______ their pizza?,They’d like mushrooms, onions and olives. 8. _______ _______ he do? ,He’s a reporter. 9. ,_______ _______ he? ,He’s a doctor. 10. ,_______ _______ she want to _______? ,A sales assistant. III. 考点归纳 1. 关于问路及回答的常用语 1) Excuse me, is there a ...? Excuse me, where is the ...? Excuse me, which is the way to the ...? Excuse me, can you tell me the way to the ...? Excuse me, can you tell me how to get to the ...? Excuse me, how can I get to the ...? 2) Go/Walk straight (along the street). Go/Walk along/up/down the street. Go/Walk along/up/down the street to the end. Go/Walk along/up/down the street about ten minutes. Turn (to the) left/right. Turn left/right at the traffic lights. Turn left/right at the second turning. (= Take the second turning on the left/right.) 2. There’s a bank on the Central Street. 在中心路有一个银行。 在路上: in/on the street 【高分突破】: 以上两个短语可互换，当出现具体的门牌号时介词用at，例如: at Central Street No. 17 在中心路17号 3. Turn left off the busy First Avenue and enjoy the city’s quiet streets and small parks. 向左转出第一大道，你可以欣赏到城市里宁静的街道和小公园。 enjoy v. 喜欢，欣赏 1) enjoy sth. Do you enjoy the dinner tonight? 2) enjoy + doing sth. 喜欢做某 事 Jack enjoys playing the drum. 3) enjoy oneself 玩得高兴, have a good time, have fun They enjoyed themselves in the zoo yesterday. , They had a good time in the zoo yesterday. 共22页 第1页 , They had fun in the zoo yesterday. 4. Take a walk through the park on Central Avenue. 步行穿过中心 大道的公园。 1) 散步: take a walk have a walk go for a walk walk 2) through 穿过(立体的)„„ across穿过(平面的)„„ 例如:go/walk/run/drive through the rain/ forest/ city go/walk/run/drive across the street/ road/ bridge/ avenue swim across the river 【高分突破】: Go through the street. 顺着这条街走。 Go across the street. (横 穿)过马路。 5. Next to the hotel is a small house with an interesting garden. 在宾馆旁边是一幢有一个有趣花园的小房子。 1) 形容词作定语修饰名词 放在名词的前面，例如: a new teacher a fantastic movie an exciting soccer ball game 2) 形容词修饰不定 代词放在不定代词的后面, 例如: something dangerous anything different 3) 介词短语、分词作定语放 在所修饰词的后面，例如: a T-shirt like this a student in No.14 Middle School the boy with short curly hair the girl in red sweater the man wearing a pair of new shoes the kite made by Lucy 【高分突破】: 对介词短语、分词定语提问时疑问代词常用which Which man is your father? 6. This is the beginning of the garden tour. 这是花园旅行的开始。 1) at the beginning of :在...开始的时候，例如: at the beginning of this week/ month At the beginning of a math class she usually asks a question. Tom sings a song at the beginning of the music festival. 反义词 组:at the end of :在...结束的时候 at the end of this year/ February/ Unit Two 2) in the beginning 在开始的时候，例如: He couldn’t speak Chinese at all in the beginning. 反义词组: in the end 最后 3) beginner 初学者 7. Let me tell you the way to my house. 让我 告诉你去我家的路。 „„ 到„„去的路 „„ „„的答案 „„ „„的答 案，„„的钥匙 „„ „„的指南 „„ 到„„去的路、方向 2) on the way to „„ 在去„„的路上 on one’s way to „„ 在某人去„„的路上 in one’s way to „„ 挡在某人去„„的路上 【高分突破】: 在这几个短语中如果后接home, here, there这几个副词，须将to去掉。 例如:on the way home/ here/ there 8. Why do you like them? Because they’re kind of cute. 共22页 第2页 你为什么喜欢它们, 因为它们有点可爱。 1) 英语达中不能连用的词: ? because和so，例如: Because I like the toys, I will buy a lot. (?) Because I like the toys, so I will buy a lot. (×) ? though/although和but，例如: Though/Although I like the toys, I will buy a lot. (?) 2) 有点，稍微:kind of = a little adj. = a bit 【高分突破】: = a little bit ， 1) kind of 在某些短语中表示种类，例如: all kinds of 各种各样的 different kinds of 各种各样的，不同种类的 many kinds of 许多种的 this/that kind of 这/那种的 a kind of 一种„„ 2) a little + 不可数名词 “一点„”，前面常与only连用。 little + 不可数名词 “几乎没有„”，前面常very与连用。 注意两个翻译: There is a little sheep. 有一只小绵羊。 There is a little water. 有一点水。 3) not a bit = not at all not a little = very much 9. Isn’t he cute? 难道他不可爱吗, 难道它不在你的包里吗, 是的，它不在。 否定疑问句的构成:用not的简略式-n’t与句首的be, have, has, 助动词或情态动词连用，开始一个问句。 否定疑问句用来表达一种强烈的肯 定或惊奇、赞扬、责备、建议等，回答是根据实际情况或事实用yes和 no。例如: Isn’t it an interesting TV show? Yes, it is. / No, it isn’t. Can’t you do it by yourself? Yes, I can. / No, I can’t. 【高分突破】: 1)回答时应与事实一致，而不应按汉语的习惯来做答。 2)回答时注意 一致性，即Yes+肯定，No+否定。以下的回答是错误的: Aren’t they ours? Yes, they aren’t. / No, they are. 10. What other animals do you like? 你还喜欢别的什么动物, 1) other, others other adj. other + 可数名词的复数/不可数名词 “其他的„„，另外的„„”，不 单独使用。 例如:I need other dictionaries. others pron. others = other + 可数名词复数 例如:I don’t like these shorts, please give me some others (=other shorts). 2) other, another other adj. other + 可数名词的复数/不可数名词 “其他的„„，另外 的„„”(三者以上)，不单独使用。 another adj. another + 可数名词单、复数 “另一个(一些)„„”(三者以上)， 可单独使用(此时为代词)。 例如:Do you want another cup of coffee? We need another three chairs (=three more chairs) 3) the other, the others one „ the other (the other + 可数名词单数) 一个„„另一个 some „ the others (the other + 可数名词复数) 一些„„另一些 11. What would you like? 你想要什么, 1) would like sth. 想要什 么 would like to do sth. 想做什么 would like sb. to do sth. 想某人做某事 2) 同义句互换: What kind of food would you like? ,What would you like to eat? 共22页 第3页 3) 请你„„。(注意两个交际英语的区别) Would you like to do sth. please? Would you please do sth. ? 例 如:请你把书放进抽屉里。 Would you like to put these books in the drawer, please? Would you please put these books in the drawer? 12. What’s your address? 你的地址是哪里, = Where do you live/work„? 【高分突破】: 对address提问疑问代词用what，不能用where。 Where is your e-mail address? (×) 13. We also have great salad as well as soda. 我们还有配有苏打水的沙拉。 , We also have great salad with soda. 【高分突破】: with和as well as连接主语时，谓语动词的单复数由with和as well as前面的主语决定;但是and连接主语时谓语动词用复数，例如: Tony as well as Bill goes to movies every week. = Tony with Bill goes to movies every week. = Tony and Bill go to movies every week. 14. 英语中对职业的提 问: What does he do?= What is he?= What’s his job? 【高分突破】: what是对人的职业提问，而who是对人的身份提问，因此在回答时要注 意区别: Who’s that man? He’s my uncle. What’s your uncle? He’s a policeman. 15. People give me their money or get their money from me. 人们给我钱或是从我这里拿走他们自 己的钱。 give sth. to sb. = give sb. Sth. 类适用法的词还有: lend, show, pass, send, bring, sell, offer, hand, teach, tell, return, throw, wish等。 【高分突破】: 当sth.为代词it或them时，只能用:give it/them to sb.的结构。 16. I wear a white uniform. 我穿一套白色的制服。 wear, put on, dress, be in 1)wear “穿着”，表状态= be in She wears a purple sweater today.= She’s wearing a purple sweater today. = She’s in a purple sweater today. wear “留，蓄” wear a beard 留胡子 wear long hair 蓄长发 wear sunglasses 戴太阳眼镜 2)put on “穿 上”，表动作 Tom is putting on his shirt. 3)dress “穿”，可表动作或状态 dress sb. = get sb. dressed给某人穿衣服 He is too young to dress himself. = He is too young to get himself dressed. 17. I meet interesting people every day. 我每天遇 见有趣的人。 1) meet “遇见，认识，迎接” 例如: I like meeting different people every day. Nice to meet you. Would you please meet her at the airport? 2) every day 副词词 组，表示“每天，天天”，在句中作状语。 everyday 形容词，表示“日常 的，每日的”，在句中作定语。 Some people are very interested in the stars’ everyday life. 有 些人对明星的日常生活非常感兴趣。 Peter practices his trumpet every day. Peter每天都练习吹喇叭。 18. Do you want to work for us as a reporter? 你愿意为我们工作吗,是当记者, 共22页 第4页 1) work for 为„„工作 Jeff works for a big company. 2) work as 当„„ Would you like to work as a waiter? 3) work at/in 在哪里工作 His brother works in a famous hotel. ?. 语法精讲 一般现在时 1. 构成 一般现在时主要由动词的原形表示，当主语是第三人称单数时，则在动词 原形后加-s或-es,词尾读音分别 动词have和be的第三人称单数形式为:has和is。 2. 一般现在时的肯定、否定、一般疑问句式及回答。列表如下: 共22页 第5页 (isn’t = is not ; aren’t = are not) 3. 一般现在时的用法 1) 表示经常发生的动作、存在的状态或现阶段的 习惯。常用时间状语:often, always, usually, every day, on Sundays etc. 例如:He often goes to work on foot. 2) 表示客观事实和普遍真理。 例如:Three and four is seven. The earth travels around the sun. 3) 表示现在的状态和外部特征。 例如: You look fantastic today. 4) 表现在的喜好、愿望、观点等。 例如:He hopes to see you soon. 5) 表示已安排或好将来必定会发生的动作或状态，即用一般现在时 表示将来，一般用动词:be, come, go, arrive, leave, start etc. 例 如: His train leaves at 2:00 this afternoon. 6) 有几个由here, there开头的句子，动词用一般现在时表示现在正在 发生的动作。 例如:There goes the bell. 铃声响了。 Here comes the bus. 车来了。 高分突破: 在含时间和条件状语从句的复合句中，主语用一般将来时，从句则用一般现在时表示将来的动作。 例如:I will stay at home if it rains tomorrow. She’ll come to my home as soon as she arrives here. 附录: 一、at,in,on展示平台 1(at的展示平台 【性格展示】介词at表时间、表地点。 (1)at表示时间，用于钟点前，用于时刻前，译为"在......时(刻)"。如: at three,three o'clock 在三点。 at a quarter to six 六点差一刻。 at noon 在中午，at night 在夜晚， at midnight 在半夜 at breakfast,lunch,supper 在吃早饭,午饭,晚饭时 at this time of day 在每天这个时候 (2)at表示地点，一般用于较小的地名(方)前，译为"在......"。如: at home 在家，at the station 在车站 (3)at表示处于......状态，译为"从事于......"。如: at school 在上学，at work 在工作 【相关链接】at加名词一般可与现在进行时态互换使用，表示正在进行的动作，试比较:They are at work(,They are working( 2(in的展示平台 【性格展示】小小介词in，用途却很多。可表时间，表地点，表手段、方法、材料。 (1)in表示时间，用于泛指一天的上午、下午、晚上等;用于某个较长的时间，如年、月、季节等。如: in the morning,afternoon,evening在上(下午)或晚上，in 2003在2003年，in the day,daytime在白天 【相关链接】in还可以表示"从现在起一段时间以后"。如: They will see you in a week(他们将在一周后去看你。 另外，in和at都可以表示时间，但in表示较长的时间，而at表示时间的某一点。例如: He got up late in the morning and had a meal at noon(他早上起得晚，所以只吃午餐。 (2)in表示地点、场所，译为"在......里"、"在......中"。如:in the factory 在工厂，in the room 在房间里，in the sun 在阳光下，in the middle of(((在......的中央 【相关链接】in和at都可表示地点，而in表示的地点比at所表示的地点大。 (3)in表示用语言，用......材料。译为"用......，以......方式"。如:in English用英语，in ink用墨水 (4)in表示穿戴的状态，译为"戴着、穿着"。如:in the white shirt 穿着白色的衬衫，in the cap戴着帽子 【相关链接】in表示"穿(戴)着"是介词，指状态，同wear一样。in后接表示服装类的名词或表示颜色的词。如: Kate is in a red skirt(,Kate wears a red skirt(凯特穿着红裙子。 3(on的展示平台 【性格展示】介词on表示时间、地点、方位等。 (1)on表示时间，用于星期、日期(包括该天的各部分)。如:on Sunday,Sundays，on Monday morning,afternoon,evening等。 on也用于某一日的名词前，用于公共节假日前。如: On New Year's Day 在元旦，on Children's Day 在儿童节等。 (2)on表示地点、位置，有"在......旁"、"接近"、"靠近"之意。如: 共22页 第6页 a house on the main road 临大街的房子， sit on my right 坐在我的右边 (3)on表示状态，译为"处于......情况中，从事于......"等。如: on duty 值日，on holiday 度假 (4)on表示"在......上面"，用在表示物体的名词前。如: on the box 在盒子上 【相关链接】on和over都是介词，on表示"在......上面"，指一物体与另一物体表面相接触;over表示"在......上方"，指一物体与另一物体不接触。试比较: There is a light on the desk(桌子上有盏台灯。(light与desk接触) There is a light over the desk(桌子上方有一盏灯。(light与desk不接触) 【特别提示】表示"在......上"，介词on与in必须注意习惯用法，否则会出错。不妨比较一番: on the tree,in the tree都译为"......在树上"。前者表示树上本身所长着的叶子、花、果实等;后者表示某物或某人在树上。 on the wall,in the wall都译为"在墙上"。由于介词不同，在使用上有区别。图画、黑板、风筝等"在墙上"，是因为它们在墙的表面上，故用on the wall;门窗、钉子、洞、孔等"在墙上"，是因为它们在墙的里面，故用in the wall。 【轻松一练】用at，in或on填空。 1(This was a true story and it happened __________ the morning of May 5( 2(What do you usually do __________ Sundays, 3(My brother works __________ a factory，and my sister works __________ a farm( 4(-Who's the man __________ black, -He's Mr White( 5(What do you often do __________ weekends, 6(Mid-autumn Festival comes __________ August or September( 7(We go to school __________ 1:30 __________ the afternoon( 8(They left __________ a rainy morning( 9(I was born __________ December 1987( 10(We can see many stars __________ the sky __________ night( Key:1(on 2(on 3(in，on 4(in 5(at 6(in 7(at，in 8(on 9(in 10(in，at 二、such和so“如此”不同 such和so都可以用来表示程度，意思是“如此;这样”，但用法却不相同。 1(such是形容词，用来修饰名词，名词前有无形容词都可以;so是副词，用来修饰形容词或副词，形容词后可以省略名词。例如: He is such a(big)fool(他是个(大)傻瓜。 He is so foolish(a man)(他是如此愚蠢(的一个人)。 2(单数名词前有不定冠词与形容词时，so和such的位置不同。前者为“so，形容词，冠词，名词”，后者为“such ，冠词，形容词，名词”。例如: I know such a clever boy(我认识如此聪明的一个男孩。 I know so clever a boy(我认识如此聪明的一个男孩。 3(so后即使有形容词，也不能修饰复数名词或不可数名词，而such则可以。例如: They are such useful books(它们是如此有用的书。 He gave us such good food(他给了我们这么好的食物。 4(名词前有表示“多、少”意义的many，much，few，little等修饰词时，要用so，不用such。例如: There are so many flowers in our school garden(我们学校的花园里有那么多的花。 You'll find English a bridge to so much knowledge(你会发现英语是通向如此丰富知识的桥梁。 I have so little money that I can't lend you any(我的钱很少，不能借给你。 5(当little表示“小”的意思修饰可数名词时，其前只能用such，不能用so。例如: I have never seen such little sheep before(我以前从没见过这么小的绵羊。 九年级英语中考第一轮复习资料 ——七年级下册Unit5-8精讲精练 [考点聚焦] I. 词组归纳 1. „„怎么样, ___________________ 2. 举行晚会 ___________________ 3. 读书 ___________________ 4. 去购物 ____________________ 5. 访谈节目 ____________________ 6. 在星期六的早上 ____________________ 7. 打扫卧室 ____________________ 8. 在海滩 ____________________ 9. 呆在家 ____________________ 10. 练习说英语 _____________________ 11. 为地理考试学习 _____________________12. 对大多数的孩子而言 _____________________ 13. 拜访朋友 ____________________ 14. 在„„的前面 ____________________ 共22页 第7页 15. „„等等 ____________________ 16. 爵士乐CD ____________________ 17. 舞曲 ____________________ 18. 上楼 ____________________ 19. 古典乐的乐迷 _____________________ 20. 文化宫 ____________________ 21. 看起来像 ____________________ 22. 一头长长的直发 ____________________ 23. 黑的短卷发 ____________________ 24. 中等体格 ____________________ 25. 篮球队的队长 ____________________ 26. 受某人的欢迎 ____________________ 27. 讲笑话 __________________ 28. 停止正在做的事 _________________ 29. 下棋 __________________ 30. 一副新面貌 __________________ 31. 戴眼镜 __________________ 32. 一位戴副滑稽眼镜的摇滚歌手 _________________ 33. 留胡子 __________________ 34. 一个短发男孩 __________________ 35. 对„„不友好 __________________ 36. 一个在中国的交换学生 ___________________ 37. 住在洛杉矶 __________________ 38. 在黑板上 __________________ II. 句型归纳 1. ,_______ _____ you _____ over the weekend?,We went to the movie. 2. ,______ ______ she ______ over the weekend? ,She played the piano. 3. ,_______ _______ your weekend? ,It was great. 4. ,Where’s the pop music? ,_______ upstairs and _______ right. 5. ,_______ _______ the country CDs? ,Behind the classical CDs. 6. ,________ Bob’s favorite _______ ________ music? ,His favorite kind of music is jazz. 7. ,_______ do you _______ _______? ,I’m short and thin. 8. , _______ _______ she _______ like? ,She’s tall with curly hair. 9. , _______ that? ,That’s Mike, Peter’s brother. 10. ,_______ he _______? ,He’s serious. III. 考点归纳 1. What about your friend? 你朋友呢, 1) What about + n./doing sth.? = How about + n./doing sth.? 2) What/How about doing sth.? = Why not do sth.? = Let’s do sth.? 这三个句型为同义句，表示提出建议。 2. How did the kids spend the weekend? 孩子们是怎么过周末的, 1) 花时间、金钱在某事上 spend time/money on sth. 花时间、金钱做某事 spend time/money (in) doing sth. 2) spend time on sth. / (in) doing sth. = It takes sb. + time + to do sth. 例如: Jim spent nearly 2 hours cleaning his bedroom. = It took Jim nearly 2 hours to clean his bedroom. spend money on sth. / (in) doing sth. = pay ... for... She spent $15 on her new shirt. = She paid $15 for her new shirt. 3) spend, cost, pay, spend的主语是人，spend time/money on sth. / (in) doing sth. cost的主语是物，sth. cost sb. + money pay的主语是人，pan + money + for sth. 例如: They spent $80 buying this interesting radio. This interesting radio cost them $80. 共22页 第8页 They paid $80 for this interesting radio. 3. He sat on the bench and watched Wang Wang play with a friendly black cat. 他坐在板凳上看着汪汪和一只友好的黑猫一起玩。 watch/ see/ look at/ hear/ listen to sb. doing sth. 看见/听见某人正在做某事 watch/ see/ look at/ hear/ listen to sb. do sth. 看见/听见某人做了某事 I heard the boy _____ English at 8:00 yesterday morning. (practice) I often hear the boy _____ English in the morning. (practice) 答案: 1. practicing 2. practice 4. Then it was time to go home. 接着是回家的时间了。 = Then it was time for home. 1) It’s time (for sb.) to do sth. = It’s time (for sb.) for doing sth. = It’s time for (one’s) sth. 例如: It’s time for me to have breakfast. = It’s time for my breakfast. 2) I have no time to have breakfast. = I have no time for having breakfast. = I have no time for breakfast. = There is no time for me to have breakfast. = There is no time for my breakfast. (I have no time„= I don’t have any time„) (There is no time „= There isn’t any time„) 5. He has no dog and no family. 他没有狗也没有亲人了。 , He doesn’t have dogs or families. no A, B or C = no A, no B and no C 没有A, B和C 例如: Now I have no arms, no hands, no legs and no feet. = Now I have no arms, hands, legs or feet. 6. 音乐的类型: country music 乡村乐 dance music 舞曲 pop music 流行乐 classical music 古典乐 jazz music 爵士乐 rock music 摇滚乐 folk music 民乐 light music 轻音乐 heavy metal 重金属摇滚乐 【高分突破】: music “音乐” 不可数名词 一支乐曲:a piece of music 7. What does he look like? 他长什么样, , What is he like? look like = be like 像 使用时注意动词的变化，例如: She looks like her mother.= She is like her mother. She doesn’t look like her mother.= She isn’t like her mother. Does she look like her mother?= Is she like her mother? 【高分突破】: like 和be like 的区别: Tom is like his father. Tom长得像他的爸爸。 Tom likes his father. Tom喜欢他的爸爸。 8. Wang Lin is very popular. 王林很受欢迎。 be popular with sb. 受某人的欢迎 共22页 第9页 9. She never stops talking. 她从没停止过讲话。 1) stop doing sth. 停止正在做的事 It’s time for class, we stop talking. 该上课了，我们停止了讲话。 2) stop to do sth. 停下来做另一件事 I’m too tired, let me stop to have a rest. 我累极了，让我停下来休息一会。 3) stop sb. (from) doing sth. 阻止某人做某事 Nobody can stop doing that. 没有人能阻止他做那件事。 10. Do you remember Johny Dean, the pop singer with funny glasses? 你还记得那个戴滑稽眼镜的流行歌手Johny Dean吗, 1) remember/forget sth./sb. 记得/忘记„„ 2) remember/forget doing sth. 记得/忘记已经做过的事 I remember closing the windows just now.我记得刚才关了窗户的。 3) remember/forget to do sth. 记得/忘记还没做过的事 I remember to close the windows when I leave.我记得在离开的时候要关窗。 【高分突破】: remember = don’t forget = be sure 注意同义句的转换: Remember to take this book to your school! = Don’t forget to take this book to your school! = Be sure to take this book to your school! 11. He teaches English. 他教英语。 1) teach sb./sth. 2) teach sb. sth. = teach sth. to sb. 3) teach sb. to do sth. 4) teach sb. + 疑问代词 + to do sth. 【高分突破】: 李老师教我们英语。 Miss Li teaches us English. (?) Miss Li is our English teacher. (?) Miss Li teaches our English. (×) ?. 语法精讲 现在进行时 1. 构成 2. 共22页 第10页 1) 表示此时此刻正在进行的动作。 例如:My sister is talking on the phone with her friend now. 2) 表示目前这段时间内正在进行的动作(尽管此时此刻并不进行)。 例如:What’s he doing this week? He’s learning to play the drum. 3) 与副词always, constantly等连用，表示反复出现或习惯性的动作， 含有说话者赞扬、不满、讨厌、遗憾等情绪。 例如:She’s always smiling happily. Tom is always making the same mistake! 4) 表示过程。 例如:It’s getting warmer and warmer. 5) go, come, return, start, arrive, leave, fly等动词的现在进行 时，可以表示即将发生的动作。 例如:I’m leaving for Beijing tomorrow. Your mother is coming soon. 【高分突破】: 1) 常与现在进行时搭配的时间状语或句子: now, at present, at the moment, at 8:00 Look! Listen! Where is/are ...? etc. 2) 英语里有一些动词一般不用现在进行时: ? 表知觉的动词:see, hear, smell, taste, notice, feel, sound etc. ? 表示态度和感情的动词:believe, agree, like, love, hate, want, think(认为)etc. ? 表示某种抽象的关系或概念的动词:have, depend, seem, etc. ? 表示瞬间动作的动词:remember, forget，know, join, buy, borrow, find etc. 附录: 一、there be 结构用法归纳: A.there be结构的主语 1(There be结构中，there是引导词，无实 义，其主语是be动词之后的名词或名词短语，且这些名词或名词短语通常 用不确定的限定词(如a，no，some，all等)修饰，不用确定的限定词 (如the，this，that等)修饰。例如: 桌上有本书。 误:There is the book on the desk( 正:There is a book on the desk( 2(There be结构中的主语不能是人称代词、专有名词以及被物主代词或所有格修饰的名词。如不能说: ,There is China in the east of the world( ,There are their bikes un der the tree( ,There are they over there( 若要说明被限定的某人或某物在某处时，常用“某人(某物)，be，地点”结构。例如: ( ( 共22页 第11页 ( 1(There be结构中的be是谓语动词，它在人称和数上应和其后的主语(名词)保持一致，即主语是不可数名词或单数可数名词时用is，复数时用are。例如: There is a bird in the tree(树上有只鸟。 There is some meat on the plate(盘里有些肉。 There are some people in the room(屋里有些人。 若be后有两个或两个以上的名词作主语时，be动词应采取“邻近原则”，即be应与邻近的主语在数上保持一致。例如: There is a pen and two rulers in the pencil-box(文具盒里有一支钢笔和两把尺子。 There are three apples and a pear in the basket(篮子里有三只苹果和一只梨。 2(There be结构中的谓语动词有时不用be，而用其他动词，使语言表达更生动形象，如live，stand，lie等词。例如: Long，long ago，there lived a king(很久以前有一个国王。 There stands a school on the hill(山上有所学校。 3(There be结构常见时态有一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在完成时等，其时态的变化都是通过be 此外，There must be no one in the room(屋里肯定没人。 1(There be结构的否定形式是在be动词的相应形式后加“not”，其疑问句式是把be动词的相应形式移至句首。例如: There were two pictures on the wall yesterday( There weren't two pictures on the wall yesterday( Were there two pictures on the wall yesterday , 此时应注意:(1)把含有some的肯定句变为否定或疑问句时，应将其变为any;(2)在对there be结构的一般疑问句作简略回答时，答句的主语仍用there。例如: There are some oranges on the tree( There aren't any oranges on the tree( —Are there any oranges on the tree, —Yes，there are(,No，there aren't( 2(若对There be结构中的主语进行提问时，无论主语是单数还是复数，习惯上都用“What's，地点状语”，引导词there常省去。例如: ( ?What's on the desk, ( ?What's on the plate, 3(There be结构的陈述句变成反意疑问句时，其附加问句的主语应用there，而不可用其它词替代。例如: There's a beautiful flower on the floor，isn 't there, There aren't any books in the box，are there, 1(There be和have都可作“有”讲，但have,has作“有”讲时，表示所属关系，即“持有、占有”，而there be结构表示客观上的存在，不说明所有关系。例如: There are two new pens in Tom's pencil-box((强调钢笔的位置) Tom has two new pens((钢笔是汤姆的) 2(当主语是物或时间名词，而且表示整体与局部的关系时，there be结构与have可以互换。例如: (1)一周有七天。 共22页 第12页 A week has seven days( There are seven days in a week( (2)这幢楼有20个房间。 The building has twenty rooms( There are twenty rooms in the building( 3(在一般时态里，there不能和have(has)连用。例如: (1)那间房子有两个窗和一个门。 【误】There have two windows and a door in the room( 【正】There are two windows and a door in the room( 【正】The room has two windows and a door( (2)明天下午将有一次班会。 【误】There will have a class meeting tomorrow afternoon( 【正】There will be a class meeting tomorrow afternoon( 二、动词的分类 从其含义来分，动词可分为实义动词、连系动词、情态动词、助动词乏义动词。如: 实义动词，go 去 play 玩 连系动词，be 是 become 成为 情态动词，can 能 must 必须 助动词，do(无词义，用于构成疑问句等) have(无词义，用于构成时态) 1.用来表示主语状态，只有be一词 比较以下由联系动词be和实义动词构成的句子 肯定句I’m a student. I study hard. 否定句 I’m not a student. I don’t study hard. 疑问句 Are you a student? Do you study hard? 肯定回答 Yes, I am. Yes, I do. 否定回答 No, I’m not. No,I don’t. 2. be 作为助动词，用来构成进行时态和被动语态。 如:We are working hard in the garden.(构成现在进行时) 我们在花园里辛勤劳动。 The house was painted purple.(构成被动语态) 房子被刷成紫色的。 3. do 的助动词用法 do 作为助动词，用来构成疑问句、否定句、强调句。 如:Do you live in Shanghai?(构成疑问句) 你住在上海吗, I don't like to have hamburgers.(构成否定句) 我不喜欢吃汉堡包。 Do come please.(构成强调句) 一定要来。 4. have 的助动词用法 have 作为助动词，用来构成完成时态。 如:Have you finished the work?(构成现在完成时) 你的工作完成了没有, 5. shall 和 will 的助动词用法 shall 和 will 作为助动词，用来构成将来时态。 如:I will call you this evening.(构成一般将来时) 今晚我会打电话给你。 What shall we do next week? 下个星期我们做什么, 三、and、but和or的用法: 共22页 第13页 这两个词都是并列连词，用来连接并列关系的词组或分句，其用法如下: ※and意为“和”，多用在肯定句中列举事物，通常只在最后一个事物前 用这个词。如: You, he and I are students. 你，我，他都是学生。 ※or意为“或者”，多用于选择疑问句中。如: Is your coat big or small? 你的上衣大还是小, ※在否定句中，表示并列部分的连词应单独使 用or，若用and必须重复前面的否定句。如: There’s no air or (=and no) water on the moon. 月球上没有空气和水。 ※but是表转折关系的连词。如: You’re a teacher, but I’m a student. 你是老师，而我是学生。 判断下列句中and或but的用法是否正确. A.I can swim, and I am good at it. B.I wanted to have a cup of coffee, and the boy passed me an orange. C. The boy is very clever but he can answer the question easily 四、常见的构词法 1)合成词:合成词是由两个或两个以上的词构成一个新的词。如:blackboard(黑板)，newspaper(报纸)，afternoon(下午) ,pencil-box(铅笔盒)。 2)派生词:派生词是由词根加派生词缀构成的词，词根是派生词的基础，同一词根加不同的派生词缀可以表示不同的意义，还可以表示不同的词的词性。 动词变名词:，后缀er drive(驾驶)——driver(驾驶员) teach(教)——teacher(教师) read(阅读)——reader(读者) ，后缀or invent(发明)——inventor(发明家) visit(访问)——visitor(访问者) ，后缀tion invent(发明)——invention(发明) operate(手术)——operation(手术) 名词变形容词:，后缀y wind(风)——windy(刮风的) sun(太阳)——sunny(晴朗的) ，后缀ful help(帮助)——helpful(有帮助的) care(小心)——careful(小心的) ，后缀ly friend(朋友)——friendly(友好的) 形容词变名词:+后缀ness good(好的)——goodness(善良，美德) kind(和善的)——kindness(和善) 形容词变副词:，后缀ly bad(坏的)——badly(糟糕地) quick(快的)——quickly(迅速地) 改变词义:，前缀un happy(高兴的)——unhappy(不高兴的) usual(平常的)——unusual(不平常的) ,)转化词:转化词是指由一种词类转用作另一种词类的词。例如: hand(n .)手， hand(v .)传递， dry(adj .)干燥的， dry(v .) 烘干 ,说明,初中总复习中，词汇的复习十分重要。掌握单词和词组的用法是学好语言的前提之一。没有一定的词汇量，不掌握词语的基本用法，就失去了英语知识复习的基础，也就更谈不上灵活运用和综合能力了。 五、中考必考:四个表花费词汇的分析 有些同学常常把spend，cost，pay，take这些表示“花”的动词混淆，它们有什么不同呢, spend的主语通常是人，往往用于以下句型: 1. (sb) spend some money/some time on sth. 2. (sb)spend some money/some time(in)doing sth. 例如: I spent fifty yuan on the coat. = I spent fifty yuan (in) buying the coat. 我花50元买了这件大衣。 He spent three days on the work. = He spend three days (in) doing the work. 我干这项工作用了3天。 3.spend money for sth. 花钱买„„。 共22页 第14页 例如:His money was spent for books. 他的钱用来买书了。 take常用于“占用、花费”时间，后面常跟双宾语，其主语通常为形式 “it”或物。句式是: 主语 1. It takes/took sb.some time to do sth 例如:It will take me two days to do the work. 这项工作花了2天时间。 2. Doing sth./Sth.takes sb.some time. 例如: The work will take me two days.这项工作花了2天时间。 Repairing this car took him the whole afternoon. 他花了一下午修车。 It took me three years to draw the beautiful horses. =Drawing the beautiful horses took me three years. 画这些漂亮的马花费了我3年时间。 pay为“付款、赔偿”之意，主语通常是人，句型 1. sb. pays some money for sth 例如: I paid fifty yuan for the coat.我花50元买了这件大衣。 2. pay (sb.) money for sth. 付钱(给某人)买„„。 例如:I have to pay them 20 pounds for this room each month. 我每个月要付20英磅的房租。 3. pay money back 还钱。 例如:May I borrow 12 yuan from you? I'll pay it back next week. 你能借给我12块钱吗,下周还你。 4. pay off one's money 还清钱。 cost的主语是物或某种活动， 还可以表示“值”。句型 1. sth. costs (sb.) ，money, 某物花了(某人)多少钱。 例如:A new computer costs a lot of money. 买一台新电脑要花一大笔钱。 2. (doing) sth. costs (sb.) ，time, 某物(做某事)花了(某人)多少时间。 例如:Remembering these new words cost him a lot of time. 他花了大量时间才记住了这些单词。 注意:cost的过去式及过去分词都是cost，并且不能用于被动句。 I'm interested in animals, so I _____________ every Saturday working in an animal hospital. A. pay B. get C. take D. spend 【解析】答案:D。该题考查的是pay, get, take和spend这四个动词的用法区别。只有动词spend可以用在sb. spends time doing sth. 这个句型里，所以正确答案影视spend。 This science book ____ me a great amount of money. A. took B. cost C. used D. spent 答案:B 马石立中学九年级英语中考第一轮复习资料 ——七年级下册Unit9-Culture Unit12精讲精练 [考点聚焦] I. 词组归纳 1. 情况怎么样,_________________ 2. 给埃菲尔铁塔照相 _________________ 3. 环球节目 _________________ 4. 骑骆驼 _________________ 5. 五千年的历史 _________________ 6. 长城 _________________ 7. 故宫 _________________ 8. 一次令人兴奋的汽车旅行 __________________ 9. 整天 _________________ 10. 在水里玩得很高兴 _________________ 11. 看见一个男孩正在哭 ___________ ___ 12. 吃川菜 _________________ 13. 想起 _________________ 14. 肥皂剧 _________________ 15. 发卡 _________________ 16. 一个十三岁的男孩 _________________ 17. 就某事询问某人 _________________ 18. 把„„展示给某人 _________________ 19. 无法忍受„„ __________________ 20. 最酷的东西 __________________ 21. 下个月的杂志 __________________ 22. 上课时 __________________ 23. 不得不 __________________ 24. 在走廊上 __________________ 25. 太多的规矩 __________________ 26. 躺在床上 __________________ 27. 放学后 __________________ 28. 禁止说话～___________________ 29. 开„„玩笑___________________ 30. 世界杯 ___________________ 31. 东汉 ___________________ 32. 中国足球协会 __________________ 共22页 第15页 33. 网址 ___________________ 34. 去做，努力去获得 _________________ 35. 金牌 ___________________ 36. 校队 ___________________ 37. 擅长 ___________________ 38. 元宵节 ___________________ 39. 不请吃就捣蛋～ ___________________40. 去教堂 ___________________ II. 句型归纳 1. ,_______ the weather? ,It’s windy. 2. ,_______ the weather _______? ,It’s sunny. 3. ,_______ Uncle Joe _______? ,He’s playing basketball. 4. ,_______ it ________? ,Great! 5. ,_______ _______ he _______ on vacation? ,He stayed at home. 6. ,_______ _______ they _______ on vacation? ,They went to the mountains. 7. ,_______ she _______ to Central Park? ,No, she didn’t. 8. ,_______ do you _______ _______ soap operas? ,I don’t mind them. 9. ,_______ does he _______ sports shows? ,He loves them! 10. ,_______ we eat in class? ,No, we can’t. 11. ,_______ are the _______ at your school?,Don’t arrive late for class and don’t eat in class. 12. ,_______ you _______ to wear a uniform at school? ,No, we don’t. 13. ,_______ else _______ he _______ to do? ,He has to do his homework. III. 考点归纳 1. How’s the weather in Shanghai? 上海天气怎样, , What’s the weather like in Shanghai? 易犯的错误: 1) How’s the weather like? (×) 2) What’s the weather? (×) 2. It’s raining. 在下雨。 rain v. 下雨 rain n.(U) 雨 rainy adj. 下雨的 snow v. 下雪 snow n.(U) 雪 snowy adj. 下雪的 昨晚雨(雪)下得很大。 It rained(snowed) heavily/hard last night. = There was a heavy/hard rain(snow) last night. = There was a lot of rain(snow) last night. = It was rainy(snowy) heavily/hard last night. 3. It’s cloudy. 是阴天。 cloud,cloudy rain,rainy snow,snowy wind,windy sun,sunny 【高分突破】: 1) cloud n. 云 可数名词 There are many dark clouds in the sky.天上有许多乌云。 2) 一阵大风: a strong wind (?) a big wind (×) 4. We had great fun playing in the water. 我们在水里玩得很高兴 have (great/much) fun (in) doing sth. 某事做得很开心, do sth. happily 类似的短语:be busy (in) doing sth. spend time/money (in) doing sth. 5. The shops were too crowded.商店太挤了。 1) too adv. 也 Tom is from America. Lucy is from America, too. 2) too adv. 太 The box is too heavy. 共22页 第16页 【高分突破】: 1) too和very的区别: ? too“太”表示超过承受范围 ? very“太”没有超过承受范 2)too„to„ 太„„以致于不能„„ = so „ that „not„ = not „ enough to Little Tom is too young to go to school. = Little Tom is so young that he can’t go to school. = Little Tom isn’t old enough to go to school 6. I find a small boy crying in the corner. 我发现有个小男孩正在角落里哭。 find sb. doing sth. 发现某人在做某事 find sb. + adj./n. 发现某人„„ find sb. to be 发现某人„„ find (that) + 从句 发现„„ I found Tony to be a serious man. = I found Tony serious. = I found Tony was a serious man. 7. Don’t eat in class! 上课不许吃东西～ in class 在课堂上 in the class 在班上 in hospital in在住院 in the hospital 在医院 at table 在吃饭 at the table 在桌旁 8. I have too many rules in my house. 在我家有太多的家规。 1) too much + n.(U) 太多„„ too many + n.(C) 太多„„ 2) too much “太多” 副词词组 Watch TV too much isn’t good for your health. 3) much too “太” 后接形容词或副词 It’s much too boring. 9. I have to take my dog for a walk. 我必须带我的狗去散步。 have to和must的区别: have to:“不得不，必须”，主要强调是外界客观因素，如环境、习惯、急事等而要求某人“不得不，必须”。它可用于多种时态(一般不用于进行时态)，且有人称和数的变化。 must:“必须”，表示说话人主观认为“应该、必须”，它无人称、数和时态的变化。 例如: I must go there.我必须去那儿。(我主观认为必须要去) I have to go there.我不得不去那儿。(因有急事我要去) It’s raining hard. We have to stop. We must get there before dark. 10. I don’t mind them. 我不在乎它们。 1) mind + sth. She didn’t mind the hard work before. I don’t mind the rainy weather. 2) mind + doing sth. Would you mind opening the windows? Would you mind helping me with this bag? Would you mind doing sth.= Would you like to do sth. 3) mind + 句子 Do you mind if I smoke? Do you mind if I open the window? 共22页 第17页 【高分突破】: mind sb. doing sth. 介意某人做某事 sb.用代词的宾格形式或形容词性的物主代词，例如: Do you mind his/him smoking? 11. Later I have to go to the children’s palace to learn the piano. 接着我得去少年宫学钢琴。 later “以后” 可单独使用也可和时间连用 one year later five days later 反义词:ago “以前” one year ago five days ago ?. 语法精讲 一般过去时态 一般过去时态表示过去某一时间或某一段时间内发生过的动作或存在的状态。 1. be动词的过去式: am was is are were 否定式:wasn’t, weren’t 一般疑问句:将was和were提到句首。 2. 1) 清念 /t/ ，即 ed 例如: finished, helped, passed, cooked 2) 元浊 /d/ ,即 ed 在元音，浊辅音后面念 /d/ 例如:enjoyed, called, moved, borrowed 3) /t/ /d/ 之后念 /id/ , 即 ed 在 /t/ /d/ 音后面念 /id/ 例如:wanted，shouted, needed, counted 3. 常用的一般过去时的时间状语: yesterday/ the day before(在...之前) yesterday last year/ month/ spring/ week/ Monday/ night yesterday morning/ afternoon/ evening at that time/ just now = a moment ago two days ago/ 3 years ago/ 5 months ago/ a week ago in 1990/ 2000/ 1988/ 1949 in the old days/ in those days 高分突破: 两类应注意的题: 1. 交际英语中表示过去发生的动作: “ Please look at the sign: NO PHOTOS!” “ Sorry, I ______ it.” A. don’t see B. see C. saw D. didn’t see 正确答案:D 2. 客观真理用一般现在时: My teacher told me that the earth _____ round the sun. A. moved B. moves C. move D. ran 附: 基 本 句 型 基本句型，又叫核心句，是千变万化的句子结构的雏形。人们在交际中使用的句子是千差万别的，但是那千差万别、变幻莫测的句子可以最后分析成为少数几个最基本的结构原形，正是这些有限的结构原形及其转换形式能够 生成无限的实际使用的句子。现代英语的基本句型有五至七个，这五至七个分句原形是以结构不同的谓语为基础的。 1(主语 + 系动词 + 表语:(简称SVC结构) 在这个结构中，动词是连系动词，这种动词之后必须跟有表语，能够在这种结构中作表语的可以是名词词组、形容词词组、介词词组、副词词组等。例如: My daughter became a college student( The car is expensive( His books are on that shelf( She looks fine( A foreign language is a weapon in the struggle of life. The plan sounds perfect. This material feels soft. This is where I work. 常用的系动词除be, become, look, seem, appear, get, feel外，还有以下一些: grow(变得)，turn(变成)，remain(仍然是)，fall(变得)，hold(保持)， keep(保持)，stand(保持)， stay(保持)， smell(闻起来)，sound(听起来)，taste(尝起来)等。例如: The motor is out of order. 这台电机出了毛病。 Her mother has fallen ill. 她母亲生病了。 The weather is getting quite warm. 天气变得相当暖和。 The roses smell sweet. 这些玫瑰气味很香。 Silk feels soft and smooth. 丝绸摸上去又软又滑。 The plan sounds perfect. 这个计划听起来完美无缺。 2(主语 + 谓语(不及物动词):(简称SV结构) 在SV结构中，主动词是不及物动词(vi)。这个结构的谓语可能仅仅只有谓语动词，即只有动词词组，而不附带其他成分。例如: My head aches( His plan has changed( The plane was landing( His parents have died( The children may have been sleeping( 在SV结构中，状语通常不是必不可少的成分。但在某种情况下，不加状语便不能表达完整的意思，这就 引出了下列句型: 主语 + 谓语 + 状语: 比如在 The weather often changes in England中，如果把状语often和in England拿掉，剩下的SV结构The weather changes，还是个完整的分句结构，它的意义还是明确无误的。但是，在有一些结构中，由于主动词的词汇意义关系，必须带有状语，否则结构不完整，意义不明确。例如: The plane takes off at 8:30( The Hunters live in London( We stayed in Beijing for a few weeks. The meeting lasted for two hours. We walked for five miles. He lives in Guangzhou.(介宾短语) They stopped to have a rest. (不定式) I’ll go swimming(分词) 正由于状语在这类结构中是必不可少的成分，所以也可以把主语，不及物动词，状语(SVA)看成是另外一种句型。不过，这个句型只适用于少数几个动词的某些用法，所以不能算是主要的基本句型。 3(主语 + 谓语 + 宾语:(简称SVO结构) 在这个结构中，主动词是及物动词(vt)，从而必须带宾语。例如: He can drive a car( He has bought a house. I'll be seeing you( You may have heard the news( 在 SVO结构中，状语并非不可缺少的成分，比如在 He teaches English every day一句中，如果把 every day去掉，并不影响句子结构的完整性。但在某些SVO结构中，由于主动词的词汇意义关系，在主—动—宾之后必须跟有状语，否则意义不明。例如: The stranger laid his hand on my shoulder( They have put men on the moon( I am going to take him home( The train leaves Shanghai at seven. 因此，主—动—宾—状(SVOA)结构也可被看作另外一种句型，但这种结构也只涉及少数几个动词的某些用法，所以也不能算是主要的基本句型。 1) 主语+谓语+名词 She is reading a novel. He is doing morning exercises. This factory makes machine tools. 2.)主语+谓语+不定式 I want to help him. 常用此结构动词:attempt, dare, decide, desire, expect, hope, intend, learn, need, offer, pretend, promise,, refuse, want, wish 3.)主语+谓语+动名词: I enjoy living here. 4 主语，及物动词，间接宾语，直接宾语(简称SVoO结构) 在SVoO结构中，主动词是一些能带有双宾语的及物动词，如give，send，tell，bring，lend，buy，teach，get，call，do，ask等。通常间接宾语(Indirect Object)指人，直接宾语(Direct Object)指物。例如: I have sent him some money(我已寄给他一些钱。 She told me the news about Paul(他告诉我有关保罗的消息。 They brought me a lot of books(他们带给我许多书。 He must get her something to eat(他必须弄点东西给她吃。 You have done me a favour(你帮了我一个忙。 Susan taught us English(苏珊教我们英语。 I am going to lend him my car(我打算把我的汽车借给他。 He bought me a new dictionary(他给我买了一本新词典。 They called him a taxi(他们给他叫辆出租汽车。 I gave them several lectures on linguistics(我给他们做了几次语言学讲座。 此句型中的谓语动词是带双宾语的及物动词。两个宾语中前一个为间接宾语，后一个为直接宾语。这类谓语动词除常见的give, bring, tell, send, leave, pass, read, write, take, show, teach, get等以外，还有以下一些: award (授予)， lend(借)， rent (租)， buy(买)， pay (支付)，hand(传递)， recommend(推荐)，save(节省)等。如: The new way saved us much time. 这个新方法省了我们不少时间。 Could you do me a favor please? 你能帮帮我的忙吗, I paid the repairman fifty dollars. 我给了修理工50元。 He ordered himself a soft drink. 他给自己要了一瓶软饮料。 Mr. Smith lent me his car. 史密斯先生把他的车借给了我。 I found him a new textbook. 我给他找了本新教科书。 Can you spare me a few minutes of your valuable time? 我能占用你几分钟宝贵的时间吗, The president awarded him the first prize. 校长授予他一等奖。 5. 主语+谓语+ 宾语+宾补(简称SVOC结构) 此句型的谓语动词是可以带复合宾语的及物动词，也就是说，这些动词除了有一个直接宾语外，还要加上宾语补足语，句子的意义才能完整。宾语补足语可由名词、形容词、动词不定式、分词或介词短语充当。在宾语加宾语补足语构成的复合宾语中，宾语与它的补足语之间存在着逻辑上(即意义上)的主谓关系。这样的及物动词有相当数量，例如: appoint(任命)，believe(相信)，call(称)， catch(发现)， elect(选举)， feel感到)， find(发现)， like(希望)， hear (听到)，keep (保持)， leave(听任)，discover(发现)， make (使)，need (需要)，prefer(宁愿)，prove ()， see(看见)， warn(警告)等。例如: They appointed Mr. White Minister of Foreign Affairs. 他们任命怀 特先生为外交部长。 The board of directors elected Charles president of the university. 董事会选举查尔斯为这所大学的校长。 I found her rather difficult to work with. 我发现很难与她共事。 She likes her guests to feel at home. 她希望客人不要拘束。 I warned him not to be late. 我曾警告他不要迟到。 My father saw him steal the money. 我父亲看见他偷钱。 I prefer you to stay with us. 我跟更愿意你留下来和我们一起。 You may leave the child in my care. 你可以把孩子交给我照管。 The police discovered the check hidden under a pile of papers. The woman caught her husband reading her diary. 那位妇女发现她丈 夫偷看她的日记。 The shop assistant kept the customer waiting a very long time. 那个售货员让顾客等了很长时间。 We named our baby Tom.(名词) He painted the wall white(形容词) She always keeps everything in good order(介宾) I wish you to stay.(不定式) 另:a)不定式带to的词:advice, allow, ask, beg, cause, command, decide, encourage, expect, force, get, hate, invite, like, love, order, permit, persuade, remain, request, tell, want, warn, wish等。 b)不定式不带to的词:feel, have, hear, know, let, listen to, look at, make, notice, see, watch等。 I heard my name called.(分词) I feel something moving(分词) 句 子 成 分 一、主语 主语可以用下面这些东西表示: 1. 名词;2. 代词; 3. 数词;4. 动名词;5. 不定式;6. 词组或复合结构;7. 从句;如: depends on the weather. 二、表语 表语可以用下面这些东西表示: 1. 名词;2. 代词;3. 数词;4. 形容词;5. 分词;6. 动名词;7. 不定式;8. 副词;9. 介词短语;10. 词组;11. 从句，如: That’s . Let’s hurry up. 三、宾语 宾语可以用下面这些东西表示: 1. 名词;2. 代词;3. 数词;4. 动名词;5. 不定式;6. 复合结构; 7. 从句 如: They didn’t promise I’ll get 四、状语 状语可以用下面这些东西表示: 1. 副词;2. 介词短语;3. 不定式;4. 分词;5. 形容词;6. 词组; 7. 复合结构;8. 从句，如: old man’s story. (副词) They did everything they could . (不定式) (介词短语) (形容词) (形容词) „ . (词组) (分词) (词组) (分词) (复合结构