草莓相关英文文献-摘要-未排序分类-20110310

草莓相关英文文献-摘要-未排序分类-20110310 Elevated Carbon Dioxide Increases Contents of Antioxidant Compounds in Field-Grown Strawberries †‡†Shiow Y. Wang,* James A. Bunce, and J. L. Maas Fruit Laboratory, and Alternate Crops and Systems Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U. S. Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, Maryland 20705-2350 Abstract The effects of elevated CO2 concentrations on the antioxidant capacity and flavonoid content in strawberry fruit (Fragaria x ananassa Duch.) were studied -1under field conditions. Increased CO (300 and 600 μmol mol above ambient) 2 concentrations resulted in increases in ascorbic acid (AsA), glutathione (GSH), and ratios of AsA to dehydroascorbic acid (DHAsA) and GSH to oxidized glutathione (GSSG), and a decrease in DHAsA in strawberry fruit. High anthocyanin and phenolic content were also found in fruit of CO treated plants. Growing strawberry plants 2 under CO enrichment conditions significantly enhanced fruit p-coumaroylglucose, 2 dihydroflavonol, quercetin 3-glucoside, quercetin 3-glucuronide, and kaempferol 3-glucoside contents, as well as cyanidin 3-glucoside, pelargonidin 3-glucoside, and pelargonidin 3-glucoside-succinate content. Fruit of strawberry plants grown in the CO enrichment conditions also had high oxygen radical absorbance activity against 2 ••1•-ROO, HO, OH, and O radicals. , O2222 Keywords: Antioxidant; anthocyanin; flavonoid; flavonol; phenolics; Fragaria x ananassa Effect of High-Oxygen and High-Carbon-Dioxide Atmospheres on Strawberry Flavor and Other Quality Traits Ana G. Pérez* and Carlos Sanz Departamento de Fisiología y Tecnología de Productos Vegetales, Instituto de la Grasa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas Padre García Tejero 4, 41012-Sevilla, Spain J. Agric. Food Chem., 2001, 49 (5), pp 2370–2375 DOI: 10.1021/jf001438l Publication Date (Web): May 4, 2001 Abstract The effect of high-oxygen atmospheres on strawberry flavor was studied. Strawberry fruits (Fragaria × ananassa Duch. cv. Camarosa) were stored at 8 ?C in four different atmospheres: air, 5% O/20% CO, 80% O/20% CO, and 90% O/10% 22222 CO. Changes in several quality parameters were evaluated. Atmospheres combining 2 high O and high CO were the most effective in preventing fungal growth and 22 enhancing strawberry firmness. Other quality parameters such as color, titrable acidity, sugars and organic acids distribution, off-flavor development, and aroma were only mildly affected by superatmospheric O levels. After one week of storage, 2 unexpected high contents of off-flavor related compounds were found in the 80% O/20% CO and 90% O/10% CO atmospheres. Evidence of an altered ester 2222 biosynthesis was also found in fruits stored under these high-O atmospheres. Data 2 obtained suggest that stress induced by high CO and stress induced by high O have 22 an additive effect on strawberry flavor alteration. Keywords: Strawberry; flavor; aroma; high-oxygen atmospheres; quality Changes in Strawberry Anthocyanins and Other Polyphenols in Response to Carbon Dioxide Treatments †Maria I. Gil, Deirdre M. Holcroft,* and Adel A. Kader Department of Pomology, University of California, Davis, California 95616 J. Agric. Food Chem., 1997, 45 (5), pp 1662–1667 DOI: 10.1021/jf960675e Publication Date (Web): May 19, 1997 Copyright ? 1997 American Chemical Society Abstract Carbon dioxide-enriched atmospheres are used to reduce the incidence and severity of decay and to extend the postharvest life of strawberries. The influence of CO on 2 the postharvest quality parameters of strawberries, particularly the stability of anthocyanins and other phenolic compounds, was investigated. Freshly harvested strawberries were placed in jars ventilated continuously with air or air enriched with 10%, 20%, or 40% CO at 5 ?C for 10 days. Samples were taken initially, and 2 after 5 and 10 days of storage, and color (L* a* b* color space), pH, TA, TSS, and firmness were measured. Anthocyanins and other phenolics were analyzed by HPLC. Elevated CO degraded internal color while air-treated fruit remained red. Internal 2 and external tissues differed in composition and concentration of phenolic compounds. CO had a minimal effect on the anthocyanin content of external 2 tissues but induced a remarkable decrease in anthocyanin content of internal tissues. Factors, such as pH and copigmentation, that could explain this degradation are discussed. Keywords: Fragaria × ananassa; controlled atmosphere; quality parameters; anthocyanins; phenolics Biosynthesis of Strawberry Aroma Compounds through Amino Acid Metabolism Ana G. Pérez, Raquel Olías, Pilar Luaces, and Carlos Sanz* Department of Physiology and Technology of Plant Products, Instituto de la Grasa, C.S.I.C., Padre García Tejero 4, 41012 Seville, Spain J. Agric. Food Chem., 2002, 50 (14), pp 4037–4042 DOI: 10.1021/jf011465r Publication Date (Web): June 11, 2002 Copyright ? 2002 American Chemical Society Abstract The fate of amino acids in relation to aroma biogenesis was studied in strawberries using the in vitro growth approach. This fruit presented differences in the level of metabolization for different amino acids. Incubations of strawberries with L-isoleucine gave rise to an increase of fourteen compounds in this fruit aroma, either not detected previously or constituents of strawberry aroma. However, L-valine incubations did not provide a significant change in this fruit aroma. Strawberry feeding with L-isoleucine resulted in a 7-fold increase in the sum of 2-methylbutanoate esters, and a double production of 2-methylbutyl esters compared to those of control fruits. Around 94% of the ester increase corresponded to 2-methylbutanoates, with ethyl 2-methylbutanoate being the most representative compound (92%). On the other hand, among the 2-methylbutyl esters, comprising around 6% of total aroma volatiles increase, 2-methylbutyl acetate was the major compound (95%) arising from L-isoleucine strawberry feeding. The role of enzymatic activities within the amino acid metabolic pathway in strawberry fruits is discussed. Keywords: Strawberry; ester; biosynthesis; amino acid Gas exchange rate and yield response of strawberry to carbon dioxide enrichment a1, aF.J.M. Sung and J.J. Chen aDepartment of Agronomy, National Chung Hsing University, 250 KuoKuang Road, Taichung, Taiwan, 40227, ROC Accepted 15 April 1991. Available online 1 October 2003. Abstract ?1Short-term carbon dioxide (CO) enrichment (1000 μl 1 for 10 days), starting 2 weeks after initial bloom, 2 enhanced the leaf CO exchange rate (CER) in rockwool-cultured strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa). 2 CO enrichment throughout the fruiting period stimulated canopy CER, decreased chlorophyll and leaf 2 protein loss, and enhanced fruit set and consequent fruit production. Keywords: CO enrichment; CO exchange rate; rockwool; strawberry; yield 22 Physical and mechanical changes in strawberry fruit after high carbon dioxide treatments , , aabaF. Roger Harker, H. John Elgar, Christopher B. Watkins, Phillipa J. Jackson and Ian C. aHallett a The Horticulture and Food Research Institute of New Zealand Ltd., Mt. Albert Research Centre, Private Bag 92169, Auckland, New Zealand b Department of Fruit and Vegetable Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA Received 20 August 1999; accepted 15 February 2000. Available online 11 May 2000. Abstract ‘Pajaro’ strawberry (Frageria x ananassa Duch.) fruit were exposed to 5–40% CO for 0–3 days, 2 followed by normal cold storage at 0?C for up to 3 weeks. Strawberry fruit were firmer in air storage at 0?C than at harvest. Firmness was further enhanced by CO treatments. Adhesion between cells was 2 measured by the application of tensile tests to plugs of tissue, followed by the examination of fracture surfaces using low temperature scanning electron microscopy. These tests indicated that cell-to-cell adhesion increased by 60% as a result of CO treatments. However, there were no differences in the 2 density, electrolyte leakage, propensity for cells to rupture in hypertonic solutions, water potential, osmotic potential or turgor of CO-treated and control fruit. Electrical impedance spectroscopy was used 2 to assess changes in the electrical resistance of the apoplast and symplast. Carbon dioxide treatments reduced the resistance of the apoplast (resistance at 50 Hz) below that of control fruit, but did not affect +the resistance of the symplast (resistance at 1 MHz). This result suggests that concentrations of H and ?HCO increased in the apoplast, although no change was detected in the symplast. We speculate that 3 the mechanism for CO-induced firmness enhancement in strawberry is due to changes in the pH of the 2 apoplast. Such changes in pH may promote the precipitation of soluble pectins and thus enhance cell-to-cell bonding in strawberry fruit. Author Keywords: Fragaria×ananassa Duch.; Strawberries; Firmness; Texture; Storage; High CO 2 Effects of CO2 concentration on strawberry. I. Plant Growth analysis 作者: Chen K, Hu GQ, Keutgen N, Lenz F 来源出版物: JOURNAL OF APPLIED BOTANY-ANGEWANDTE BOTANIK 卷: 71 期: 5-6 页: 168-172 出版年: DEC 1997 被引频次: 14 参考文献: 16 引证关系图 摘要: Two-week-old strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa Duch. cv. 'Elsanta') plants were acclimatized to 300, 450, 600, 750 or 900 ppm CO2 in controlled environment chambers for 50 days, Elevated CO2 promoted plant growth as indicated by a higher number of leaves, runners and daughter plants, larger leaf area index and dry mass per unit leaf area, increased total length of runners, plant height, canopy diameter, and enhanced daily growth of leaf area, runner and plant biomass. In contrast, specific leaf area and leaf area ratio of the plants decreased with increasing CO2 concentration, whereas neither average leaf area nor average runner length was significantly affected by CO2 enrichment. When compared with the 300 ppm CO2 treatment, 600 and 900 ppm CO2-treated plants led to a daily increment of 1.6 and 1.9 total leaf area, 1.1 and 1.8 total runner length, and 2.5 and 3.9 plant biomass, respectively, Increased CO2 concentration from 300 to 600 and 750 ppm markedly accelerated both relative growth rate and net assimilation rate of the plants. Leaf weight ratio and root weight ratio were significantly higher, while stem weight ratio was significantly lower above 600 ppm CO2 as a result of proportionally more biomass allocated to leaves and roots than to stems. Apart from an enhancement of plant growth, the long-term CO2 enrichment boosted vegetative propagation of strawberry plants as well. From an economical point of view, however, it is more efficient to use elevated CO2 concentrations of up to 600-750 ppm rather than 900 ppm for greenhouse cultivation of strawberry. Effects of CO2 concentration on strawberry. II. Leaf photosynthetic function 作者: Chen K, Hu GQ, Keutgen N, Blanke M, Lenz F 来源出版物: JOURNAL OF APPLIED BOTANY-ANGEWANDTE BOTANIK 卷: 71 期: 5-6 页: 173-178 出版年: DEC 1997 被引频次: 8 参考文献: 17 引证关系图 摘要: Two-week-old strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa Duch, cv. 'Elsanta') plants were acclimatized to 300, 450, 600, 750 or 900 ppm CO2 in controlled environment chambers for 50 days. An elevated CO2 concentration up to 750 ppm reduced total chlorophyll, chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b contents as well as the a/b ratio. Long-term CO2 enrichment induced leaf senescence and decreased photosynthetic efficiency as well as photochemical conversion efficiency of PS II. Intercellular CO2 concentration significantly increased with CO2 enrichment. Stomatal conductance, transpiration rate, and net photosynthesis rate of young leaves increased with raising CO2 concentrations. However, CO2 levels above 600 ppm markedly reduced net photosynthetic rate of adult and old leaves. High CO2 concentrations up to 900 ppm did not significantly affect dark respiration rate of the leaves. Photosynthetic water-use efficiency was highest in old leaves and lowest in young ones. Increased CO2 concentrations up to 600-750 ppm improved leaf photosynthetic capacity by increasing photosynthetic water-use efficiency. KeyWords Plus: CARBON-DIOXIDE; CHLOROPHYLL FLUORESCENCE; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; WATER-USE; RESPONSES; PLANTS 通讯作者地址: Chen, K (通讯作者), Univ Bonn, Inst Obstbau & Gemusebau, Hugel 6, D-53121 Bonn, Germany Effects of CO2 concentration on strawberry. III. Dry matter production and water consumption 作者: Chen K, Hu GQ, Keutgen N, Lenz F 来源出版物: JOURNAL OF APPLIED BOTANY-ANGEWANDTE BOTANIK 卷: 71 期: 5-6 页: 179-182 出版年: DEC 1997 被引频次: 5 参考文献: 15 引证关系图 摘要: Two-week-old strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa Duch. cv. 'Elsanta') plants were acclimatized to 300, 450, 600, 750 or 900 ppm CO2 in controlled environment chambers for 50 days. Elevated CO2 concentrations enhanced dry matter production, the root/shoot ratio and total water consumption of the plants. High CO2 promoted total dry matter increment and total leaf area increment of the plants, and improved dry matter-production efficiency and plant water-use efficiency. Water-consumption rate of plants and water-uptake efficiency of roots, however, declined at CO2-enriched conditions. In comparison with the 300 ppm CO2 treatment, 600 and 900 ppm CO2-grown plants increased dry matter-production efficiency by 37 % and 67 %, water-use efficiency by 137 % and 272 %, while reduced water-consumption rate by 39 % and 55 %, and water-uptake efficiency of roots by 53 % and 76 %, respectively. Increasing CO2 concentrations from 300 to 900 ppm enabled strawberry plants to produce dry matter more efficiently and to use soil water more economically because it reduced the impact of water stress on plant productivity. KeyWords Plus: ATMOSPHERIC CARBON-DIOXIDE; PLANTS; ECOSYSTEMS; RESPONSES; ROOTS 通讯作者地址: Chen, K (通讯作者), Univ Bonn, Inst Obstbau & Gemusebau, Hugel 6, D-53121 Bonn, Germany Effects of CO2 concentration on strawberry. IV. Carbohydrate production and accumulation 作者: Chen K, Hu GQ, Lenz F 来源出版物: JOURNAL OF APPLIED BOTANY-ANGEWANDTE BOTANIK 卷: 71 期: 5-6 页: 183-188 出版年: DEC 1997 被引频次: 6 参考文献: 18 引证关系图 摘要: Two-week-old strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa Duch. cv. 'Elsanta') plants were acclimatized to 300, 450, 600, 750 or 900 ppm CO2 in controlled environment chambers for 50 days. Increasing CO2 concentration from 300 to 900 ppm promoted carbohydrate production of the plants, and subsequently increased carbohydrate accumulation in the plant organs, especially starch in leaves. Relative distribution of non-structural carbohydrates decreased in leaves and stems at 750 and 900 ppm CO2, increased in roots from 300 to 750 ppm CO2. Elevating CO2 concentration from 300 to 750 ppm reduced the proportions of glucose, fructose, and sucrose, but raised the proportion of starch in non-structural carbohydrates of the plants, as well as increased starch/sucrose ratio in leaves, stems, and whole plants. CO2 enrichment up to 900 ppm improved carbohydrate-production efficiency of the plants. This effect was particularly pronounced for starch. In comparison with 300 ppm CO2-grown plants, those treated by 600 and 900 ppm CO2 raised starch-, glucose-, fructose-, sucrose-, and non-structural carbohydrate-production efficiency by 2.6 and 16.1 fold, 1.6 and 2.1 fold, 0.6 and 1.0 fold, 0.8 and 1.6 fold, and 1.2 and 3.5 fold, respectively. KeyWords Plus: CARBON-DIOXIDE; ENRICHMENT; ROOTS 通讯作者地址: Chen, K (通讯作者), Univ Bonn, Inst Obstbau & Gemusebau, Hugel 6, D-53121 Bonn, Germany Effects of CO2 concentration on strawberry. V. Macronutrient uptake and utilization 作者: Chen K, Hu GQ, Lenz F 来源出版物: JOURNAL OF APPLIED BOTANY-ANGEWANDTE BOTANIK 卷: 71 期: 5-6 页: 189-194 出版年: DEC 1997 被引频次: 13 参考文献: 19 引证关系图 摘要: Two-week-old strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa Duch. cv. 'Elsanta') plants were acclimatized to 300, 450, 600, 750 or 900 ppm CO2 in controlled environment chambers for 50 days. Raising CO2 concentration from 300 to 900 ppm promoted macronutrient accumulation in all organs of the plants, particularly in roots. It, however, reduced contents of macronutrients in most organs of the plants, especially in leaves, because of the dilution effect of larger amounts of carbohydrate accumulation in the plant organs. When compared with the 300 ppm CO2 treatment, 600 and 900 ppm CO2 increased accumulation of N by 93 % and 87 %, P by 113 % and 122 %, K by 98 % and 92 %, Ca by 212 % and 244 %, and Mg by 177 % and 200 %, respectively CO2 enrichment decreased the proportions of N and K, increased those of Ca and Mg, but did not affect the proportion of P in the plants. Increasing CO2 levels depressed macronutrient-uptake efficiency of the plant roots, but promoted macronutrient-use efficiency of the plants. In comparison with the 300 ppm CO2-treated plants, those treated with 600 and 900 ppm CO2 showed lower N-, P-, K-, Ca, and Mg-uptake efficiency of the roots and higher N-, P-, K-, Ca-, and Mg-use effficiency of the plants. KeyWords Plus: ELEVATED CO2; RESPONSES; ENRICHMENT; PHOSPHORUS; NITROGEN; STRESS; GROWTH; ECOSYSTEMS; TREES 通讯作者地址: Chen, K (通讯作者), Univ Bonn, Inst Obstbau & Gemusebau, Hugel 6, D-53121 Bonn, Germany 地址: 1. Univ Bonn, Inst Obstbau & Gemusebau, D-53121 Bonn, Germany Effects of CO2 concentration on strawberry. VI. Fruit yield and quality 作者: Chen K, Hu GQ, Lenz F 来源出版物: JOURNAL OF APPLIED BOTANY-ANGEWANDTE BOTANIK 卷: 71 期: 5-6 页: 195-200 出版年: DEC 1997 被引频次: 6 参考文献: 19 引证关系图 摘要: Two-week-old strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa Duch. cv. 'Elsanta') plants were acclimatized to 300, 450, 600, 750 or 900 ppm CO2 in controlled environment chambers for 50 and 60 days during vegetative growth in late autumn of 1995 and reproductive growth in early spring of 1996. High CO2 promoted branch-crown and pedicel development as well as flower-bud differentiation. It also induced a second bloom. Flowering and fruit ripening started earlier and lasted for a longer period under high rather than low CO2 concentrations. CO2 enrichment shortened the periods of anthesis and single fruit growth but prolonged the periods of flowering and fruit harvest. Elevated CO2 concentrations enhanced fruit productivity as indicated by increases in pedicel number per plant, fruit setting per pedicel, fruit size, and dry matter content of the fruits. In comparison with the 300 ppm CO2 treatment, 450, 600, 750, and 900 ppm CO2 increased average fruit yield per plant by 0.7, 2.7, 3.6, and 4.1 fold, daily growth per fresh fruit by 0.4, 1.0, 1.1, and 1.3 fold, and growth rate of fruit biomass per plant by 1.0, 3.9, 5.5, and 6.9 fold, respectively. High CO2 tended to improve fruit quality as well. Raising CO2 concentrations accelerated dry matter increment and total sugar accumulation in the fruits, especially for sucrose, and decreased titratable acid content, resulting in a higher sugar/acid ratio of the fruits. Contents of starch and minerals in the fruits slightly decreased when CO2 rose. KeyWords Plus: ENRICHMENT 通讯作者地址: Chen, K (通讯作者), Univ Bonn, Inst Obstbau & Gemusebau, Hegel 6, D-53121 Bonn, Germany 地址: 1. Univ Bonn, Inst Obstbau & Gemusebau, D-53121 Bonn, Germany Effects of elevated CO2 on photoinhibition of strawberry leaves under different nitrogen levels. 作者: Xu Kai; Guo Yan-ping; Zhang Shang-long (shlzhang@zju.edu.cn); Wu Hui-min 来源出版物: Yingyong Shengtai Xuebao 卷: 18 期: 1 页: 87-93 出版年: JAN 2007 摘要: By using PAM-2000 portable chlorophyll fluorometer and HCM-1000 photosynthesis measurement system, this paper measured the initial fluorescence (F-o), maximal photochemical efficiency of PSII (F-v/F-m), maximal fluorescence (F-m), amount of inactive PS II reaction centers F-i-F-0 proportion of Q(B)-non-reducing PS II reaction centers [(F-i-F-0)/(F-p-F-0)] and net photosynthetic rate (P-n) of strawberry leaves under conditions of elevated CO2 (700 mu l center dot L-1) and ambient CO2 (390 mu l center dot L-1) at three levels of nitrogen application (12, 4 and 0.4 mmol center dot L-1). The results showed that there was a significant joint effect between CO2 and N on the photoinhibition of strawberry leaves. Under elevated CO2 condition, the P-n in treatment 12 mmol N center dot L-1 increased by 62.7%, while that in treatments 4 and 0.4 mmol N center dot L-1 decreased by 7.4% and 21.3%, respectively. When exposed to high light and subsequently recovered in dark for 4 hours, the strawberry leaves in treatment 12 mmol N center dot L-1 showed less changes of F-m and F-v/F-m in elevated CO2 than in ambient CO2, while those in treatments 4 and 0.4 mmol N center dot L-1 were in adverse, suggesting that for the strawberry leaves in elevated CO2, nitrogen deficiency could result in an acclimatized decrease of photosynthesis and an increase of photoinhibition. Total Antioxidant Capacity of Fruits ††‡†Hong Wang, Guohua Cao, and Ronald L. Prior* Jean Mayer Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Boston, Massachusetts 02111, and Nutritional Science Department, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06296 J. Agric. Food Chem., 1996, 44 (3), pp 701–705 DOI: 10.1021/jf950579y Publication Date (Web): March 19, 1996 Copyright ? 1996 American Chemical Society Abstract The total antioxidant activity of 12 fruits and 5 commercial fruit juices was measured in this study using automated oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) assay. On the basis of the wet weight of the fruits (edible portion), strawberry had the highest ORAC activity (micromoles of Trolox equivalents per gram) followed by plum, orange, red grape, kiwi fruit, pink grapefruit, white grape, banana, apple, tomato, pear, and honeydew melon. On the basis of the dry weight of the fruits, strawberry again had the highest ORAC activity followed by plum, orange, pink grapefruit, tomato, kiwi fruit, red grape, white grape, apple, honeydew melon, pear, and banana. Most of the antioxidant capacity of these fruits was from the juice fractions. The contribution of the fruit pulp fraction (extracted with acetone) to the total ORAC activity of a fruit was usually less than 10%. Among the commercial fruit juices, grape juice had the highest ORAC activity followed by grapefruit juice, tomato juice, orange juice, and apple juice. Keywords: Free radicals; antioxidant; peroxyl radical; fruits Antioxidant Activity in Fruits and Leaves of Blackberry, Raspberry, and Strawberry Varies with Cultivar and Developmental Stage †Shiow Y. Wang* and Hsin-Shan Lin Fruit Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, Maryland 20705 J. Agric. Food Chem., 2000, 48 (2), pp 140–146 DOI: 10.1021/jf9908345 Publication Date (Web): January 14, 2000 Copyright Not subject to U.S. Copyright. Published 2000 American Chemical Society Abstract Fruits and leaves from different cultivars of thornless blackberry (Rubus sp.), red raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.), black raspberry (Rubus occidentalis L.), and strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa D.) plants were analyzed for total antioxidant capacity (oxygen radical absorbance capacity, ORAC) and total phenolic content. In addition, fruits were analyzed for total anthocyanin content. Blackberries and strawberries had the highest ORAC values during the green stages, whereas red raspberries had the highest ORAC activity at the ripe stage. Total anthocyanin content increased with maturity for all three species of fruits. Compared with fruits, leaves were found to have higher ORAC values. In fruits, ORAC values ranged from 7.8 to 33.7 μmol of Trolox equivalents (TE)/g of fresh berries (35.0?162.1 μmol of TE/g of dry matter), whereas in leaves, ORAC values ranged from 69.7 to 182.2 μmol of TE/g of fresh leaves (205.0?728.8 μmol of TE/g of dry matter). As the leaves become older, the ORAC values and total phenolic contents decreased. The results showed a linear correlation between total phenolic content and ORAC activity for fruits and leaves. For ripe berries, a linear relationship existed between ORAC values and anthocyanin content. Of the ripe fruits tested, on the basis of wet weight of fruit, cv. Jewel black raspberry and blackberries may be the richest source for antioxidants. On the basis of the dry weight of fruit, strawberries had the highest ORAC activity followed by black raspberries (cv. Jewel), blackberries, and red raspberries. Keywords: Antioxidant; anthocyanin; phenolics; free radical; blackberry; raspberry; strawberry Effect of Plant Growth Temperature on Antioxidant Capacity in Strawberry †Shiow Y. Wang* and Wei Zheng Fruit Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, Maryland 20705 J. Agric. Food Chem., 2001, 49 (10), pp 4977–4982 DOI: 10.1021/jf0106244 Publication Date (Web): September 5, 2001 Copyright Not subject to U.S. Copyright. Published 2001 American Chemical Society Abstract The influence of four day/night growing temperature combinations (18/12, 25/12, 25/22, and 30/22 ?C) on phenolic acid, flavonol, and anthocyanin content and their ••-antioxidant activities against peroxyl radicals (ROO), superoxide radicals (O), 2 •1hydrogen peroxide (HO), hydroxyl radicals (OH), and singlet oxygen (O) in fruit 222 juice of Earliglow and Kent strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa Duch.) cultivars was studied. Pelargonidin-based anthocyanins such as pelargonidin 3-glucoside (291.3?945.1 μg/g fresh wt.), pelargonidin 3-rutinoside (24.7?50.9 μg/g fresh wt.), and pelargonidin 3-glucoside-succinate (62.2?244.0 μg/g fresh wt.) were the predominant anthocyanins in strawberry fruit juice. The content of cyanidin-based anthocyanins, cyanidin 3-glucoside and cyanidin 3-glucoside-succinate, was much lower than that of pelargonidin-based anthocyanins. Strawberry growth in high temperature conditions significantly enhanced the content of p-coumaroylglucose, dihydroflavonol, quercetin 3-glucoside, quercetin 3-glucuronide, kaempferol 3-glucoside, kaempferol 3-glucuronide, cyanidin 3-glucoside, pelargonidin 3-glucoside, pelargonidin 3-rutinoside, cyanidin 3-glucoside-succinate, and pelargonidin 3-glucoside-succinate in strawberry juice. Plants grown in the cool day and cool night temperature (18/12 ?C) generally had the lowest phenolic acid, flavonols, and anthocyanins. An increase in night temperature from 12 to 22 ?C, with the day temperature kept constant at 25 ?C, resulted in a significant increase in phenolic acid, flavonols, and anthocyanins. These conditions also resulted in a significant increase in antioxidant capacity. The highest day/night temperature ••-(30/22 ?C) yielded fruit with the most phenolic content as well as ROO, O, , HO222 •1OH, and O radical absorbance capacity. Fruit of Kent cv. strawberry had higher 2 values of phenolic acid, flavonols, anthocyanins, and antioxidant capacities than fruit of Earliglow cv. strawberry under all temperature regimes. Keywords: Antioxidant; anthocyanin; phenolics; free radical; strawberry; Fragaria × ananassa Effects of enriched CO2 and potassium nutrition on vegetative and reproductive growth, photosynthesis, and transpiration as well as fruit quality of strawberry 作者: Eckstein K, Blanke MM 来源出版物: GARTENBAUWISSENSCHAFT 卷: 65 期: 3 页: 129-133 出版年: MAY-JUN 2000 被引频次: 1 参考文献: 10 引证关系图 摘要: Potted plants of the ever-bearing strawberry cv. 'Rapella' were greenhouse-grown in spring either with or without potassium nutrient supply and then transferred to growth cabinets of either 300 or 600 ppm CO2. 1. Potassium-deficient strawberry showed reduced assimilation, but decreased their potassium and nitrogen leaf growth and decreased their phosphorus and magnesium uptake relative to potassium-sufficient plants. 2. CO2 enrichment from 300 to 600 ppm CO2 enhanced photosynthesis, starch synthesis and fruit yield of potassium-sufficient strawberry and affected dry matter allocation in favour of the fruit. 3. CO2 enrichment from 300 to 600 ppm decreased transpiration which was further reduced by potassium deficiency. 4. CO2 enrichment enhanced both fruit sugar and organic acids to the same extent without changing the sugar:acid ratio, thereby improving fruit quality. 通讯作者地址: Blanke, MM (通讯作者), Univ Bonn, Inst Obstbau & Gemusebau, Hugel 6, D-53121 Bonn, Germany 地址: 1. Univ Bonn, Inst Obstbau & Gemusebau, D-53121 Bonn, Germany Strawberry (Fragaria xananassa Duch.) growth and productivity as affected by temperature 作者: Kadir S (Kadir, Sorkel), Sidhu G (Sidhu, Gaganpreet), Al-Khatib K (Al-Khatib, Kassim) 来源出版物: HORTSCIENCE 卷: 41 期: 6 页: 1423-1430 出版年: OCT 2006 被引频次: 2 参考文献: 34 引证关系图 摘要: Thermotolerance of photosynthesis and productivity in 'Chandler' and 'Sweet Charlie' strawberry plants (Fragaria x ananassa Duch.) exposed to three temperature regimes was studied. Net CO2 assimilation rate (A), variable chlorophyll fluorescence (Fv), efficiency of photosystem II (Fv/Fm), relative chlorophyll content, plant growth, and fruit yield and quality were measured. High temperature (40 degrees C day/35 degrees C night) was more detrimental to photosynthesis and productivity than the moderate or low temperature (30/25 or 20/15 degrees C). Net CO2 assimilation rate in both cultivars was markedly reduced by 40/35 degrees C, although there was slight decline in 'Sweet Charlie' at 30/25 degrees C. 'Chandler' maintained significantly higher A rates than 'Sweet Charlie' for at least three weeks of heat stress, indicating that 'Chandler' might tolerate longer exposure to high temperature. In parallel to the decrease in A rate, intercellular CO2 concentration (C-i) and instantaneous water use efficiency (WUE) were significantly decreased at high temperature. 'Chandler' leaves were cooler and transpired more than 'Sweet Charlie' leaves, suggesting that each cultivar adopted different heat resistance mechanisms at 40/35 degrees C. There were changes in Fv and Fv/Fm with increasing temperature, indicating irreversible damage to photosystem II at 40/35 degrees C might have occurred. The trend of reduction in stomatal conductance (g(S)) in both cultivars at high temperature did not coincide with the reduction in A rates. Decline in A rates at high temperature was more related to changes in Fv/Fm than to g(S) activity. The optimal temperature for vegetative growth was 30/25 degrees C. Reduction in A rate at high temperature resulted in reduction in total leaf area (LA), shoot, root, and leaf biomasses. Strawberry roots were more responsive than shoot growth to temperatures above 20/15 degrees C. Fruit yield for 'Chandler' was higher at 20/15 degrees C than at 30/25 degrees C, suggesting that 'Chandler' might have a higher source-to-sink relationship at 20/15 degrees C than at 30/25 degrees C. Fruit skin color was temperature dependent only for 'Chandler'. A quadratic relationship between flower development and duration of exposure to 30/25 degrees C for both cultivars was observed; more than two weeks of 30/25 degrees C can be detrimental to flower development. Regardless of the cultivar and duration of exposure, 40/35 degrees C was the temperature regime most detrimental to fruit set. 文献类型: Article 语言: English KeyWords Plus: HEAT-STRESS; PLANTS; QUALITY; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; FRUIT; LEAF 通讯作者地址: Kadir, S (通讯作者), Kansas State Univ, Dept Hort Forestry & Recreat, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA Effects of light intensity, CO2 concentration and leaf temperature on gas exchange of strawberry plants - Feasibility studies on CO2 enrichment in Japanese conditions 作者: Oda Y 编者: vanderScheer HAT; Lieten F; Dijkstra J 来源出版物: THIRD INTERNATIONAL STRAWBERRY SYMPOSIUM, VOLS. 1 AND 2 丛书: ACTA HORTICULTURAE 期: 439 页: 563-573 子辑: Part 1&2 出版年: 1997 被引频次: 0 参考文献: 0 引证关系图 会议信息: 3rd International Strawberry Symposium VELDHOVEN, NETHERLANDS, APR 29-MAY 04, 1996 Res Stn Fruit Growing, Wilhelminadorp, Netherlands; Natl Res Ctr Strawberries, Meerle, Belgium; Int Soc Hort Sci, Fruit Sect, Strawberry Working Grp; M Th F Duivenvoorden, Lisserbroek; A A M van Dijk, Heeswijk Dinther; J van den Elzen, Erp; Goossens Flevoplant BV, Ens; Plantenkwekerij De Kemp BV, Horst Meterik; Rapo BV, Roosendaal; Verschuren BV, Den Hout; Belgische Fruitveiling, St Truiden; Veiling Baorgloon, Borgloon; Veiling Kampen, Hoogstraten; Rhone Poulenc, Belgium; Scotts Europe BV, Sect Benelux, Netherlands; Consorzio Italiano Vivaisti, Ferrara, Italy; Eurosemillas S A, Cordoba, Spain; Haasnoot BV, Zaltbommel, Netherlands; Minist Small enterprises Traders & Agr, Belgium 摘要: Carbon dioxide enrichment to increase yields is a common practice for horticultural crops in cool climates. Japan produces 85% of its strawberry crop under large plastic tunnels, winter through spring. Therefore, the application of CO2 at high concentration for strawberry production under these conditions seems to be a practical technique, but is not widely used at present. In this report, we discuss the feasibilty of CO2 enrichment for strawberry production under Japanese conditions, based on the results of experiments on morphological and physiological studies of stomata, gas exchange in relation to environmental factors, and survey data of the environment inside low and large plastic tunnels. 文献类型: Proceedings Paper 语言: English 作者关键词: Fragaria x ananassa; stomatal diffusion resistance; CO2 compensation point 通讯作者地址: Oda, Y (通讯作者), Yokohama Natl Univ, Fac Educ, Kanagawa 240, Japan