大学英美文学答案

1.Herman Melville’s ______ is an encyclopedia of everything, history, philosophy, religion, etc, in addition to a detailed account of the operations of the whaling industry. A.  Billy Budd  B. The Old Man and the Sea          C. White Jacket                    D.  Moby Dick In addition to his novels, _______ wrote about 120 short stories and sketches. Among them are Young Goodman Brown and The Minister’s Black Veil. A. Henry David Thoreau              B. Nathaniel Hawthorne C. Ralph Waldo Emerson          D. Herman Melville    ______ is an appalling fictional version of Nathaniel Hawthorne’s belief that “the wrong doing of one generation lives into the successive ones” and that evil will come out of evil though it may take generations to happen. A.    The Marble Faun                B. The Blithedale Romance          C. Young Goodman Brown D. The House of Seven Gables   Which is regarded as the “Declaration of Intellectual Independence”? A. The Conduct of Life                  B. Representative Men  C. English Traits D. The American Scholar                Which is generally as the Bible of New England Transcendentalism? A. Nature                            B. Walden C. On Beauty                        D. Self-Reliance      There is a good reason to state that New England Transcendentalism was actually on the Puritan soil. A. Unitarianism  B. Mysticism                        C.  Romanticism                    D. Puritanism   “The universe is composed of Nature and the soul… Spirit is present everywhere”. This is the voice of the book Nature written by Ralph Waldo Emerson, which pushed American romanticism into a new Phase, the phase of New England ______. A. Romanticism                    B. Transcendentalism C.  Symbolism  D. Naturalism                        Washington Irving’s works are numerous, but his most successful work is The Sketch Book, of which the most famous and anthologized are ____ and The Legend of Sleepy Hollow. A.  A History of New York        B. The Pioneers  C. Rip Van Winkle                  D.  Leatherstocking Tales     Washington Irving’s first book appeared in 1809, titled ______. A. The History of New York  B. The Marble Faun C. The American Scholar            D. The Cop and the Anthem              In the early 19th century American moral values were essentially Puritan. Nothing has left a deeper imprint on the character of the people as a whole than did _____. A. Rationalism                    B. Romanticism C. Sentimentalism  D. Puritanism                          Which is the character who appears in the novel Moby Dick? A. Hester Prynne                B.  Pearl  C. Mr. Hooper D. Ahab                              Herman Melville called his friend Nathaniel Hawthorne ______ in American literature. A. The transcendentalist B. The largest brain with the largest heart C. The American scholar  D. Father of American poetry   Nathaniel Hawthorne is a master of psychological insight and central subject of his major works is the human soul. Choose his short story from the following ones. A.  Omoo B. Uncle Tom’s Cabin  C. Young Goodman Brown              D.  The Pearl  The finest example of Nathaniel Hawthorne’s symbolism is the recreation of Puritan in ______. A. The Marble Faun                  B. The Ambitious Guest  C. The Scarlet Letter                D.  Young Goodman Brown    From Henry David Thoreau’s jail experience came his famous essay, ______ which states Thoreau’s belief that no man should violate his conscience at the command of a government. A. Common Sense  B. Civil Disobedience            C. Walden                      D. Nature   Which essay is not written by Ralph Waldo Emerson? A. Self-Reliance B. The American Scholar                C. The Divinity School Address  D. Of Studies                            Which book is not written by Ralph Waldo Emerson?  A.  Nature                          D. The Rhodora  B. English Traits C. Nature                          D. The Rhodora C. The Rhodora D. Representative Men                B. English Traits C. Nature                          D. The Rhodora   Form the following, choose the characteristics of Ralph Waldo Emerson’s poetry. A. Being highly individual              B. Harsh rhythms C. Lack of form and polish              D.  All of the above   Ralph Waldo Emerson’s first book _____ is the fundamental document of his philosophy, and expresses his constant, deeply felt love for he natural scenes. A. Leatherstocking Tales  B. Walden                  C. Nature D. Daisy Miller                      Choose William Cullen Bryant’s poem from the following ones. A. Voices of the Night  B. Ligeia                            C.  Song of Myself  D. Thanatopsis                      In 1817, the stately poem called Thanatopsis introduced he best poet _____ to appear in America up to that time. A. Edward Taylor                    B. William Cullen Bryant            C. Edgar Allan Poe  D. Philip Freneau   Choose Washington Irving’s works from the following items. A. Walden                          B. A History of New York C. Self-Reliance                    D. Sister Carrie   In the 19th century America, Romanticism had certain general characteristics. Choose such characteristics from the following items. A.  Moral enthusiasm B. Faith in the value of individualism and intuitive perception C. Presumption about the corrosive effect of human society D.  All of the above   Herman Melville’s _____ is not only an adventure story, but also a significant philosophical work on spiritual exploration. A. The Egg B. The Over-Soul  C. Nature                    D. Moby Dick                    A new _____ had appeared in England in the last years of the 18th century. It spread to continental Europe and then came to America early in the 19th century. A.  Realism                        B. Romanticism                    C. Naturalism  D. . Critical realism Transcendentalism appealed to those who disdained the hash God of the Puritan ancestors, and it appealed to those who scorned the pale deity of New England _____. A. Naturalism B. Transcendentalism              C. Humanism    D. Unitarianism  Led by Nathaniel Hawthorne, Ralph Waldo Emerson and _____, there arose a kind of teaching of transcendentalism in the early 19th century. A. Mark Twain                  B. Theodore Dreiser  C. Henry David Thoreau D. Herman Melville                  Transcendentalists recognized ______ as the “highest power of the soul”.  A.  intuition  B.  thinking  C. logic  D. date of the senses                _____ was the most leading spirit of the Transcendental Club. A. Hawthorne                    B. Thoreau                      C. Whitman  D. Emerson    The appearance of The Scarlet letter marked the maturity of Nathaniel Hawthorne as a novelist. Soon he composed the other three important novels including _____, The Blithedale Romance and The Marble Faun. A. Walden  B. The House of the Seven Gables    C. The Prairie D. The Fall of the House of Usher      Transcendentalist doctrines found their greatest literary advocates in _____ and Thoreau. A. Jefferson                    B. Oversoul  C. Freneau                      D. Emerson  Ralph Waldo Emerson’s essay The American Scholar____ has been regarded as “Americas Declaration of Intellectual Independence”. It called on American writers to write about America in a way peculiarly American.     At 19 in 1802_ Washington Irving ___began to write a series of sketches or essays on the theatre and the New York society, using the name of Jonathan Oldstyle.     __Herman Melville___is famous for writing stories about the sea and the islands of the Southern Pacific. In his masterpiece Moby Dick, he tells a story of a Whaling voyage which is set a symbolic account of the conflict between man and his fate.   Herman Melville’s world classic novel Moby Dick was dedicated to _Nathaniel Hawthorne___, a novelist.    Herman Melville is best known as the author of one book named _Moby Dick___, which is, critics have agreed, one of the world’s greatest masterpieces.   Ralph _Waldo___ Emerson was responsible for bringing Transcendentalism to New England.     The civil war of 1861~1865 ended in the defeat of the Southerners and the abolition of__Slavery____.    ___Ralph Waldo Emerson__ was a great American Transcendentalist and revolutionary Romanticist, whose first book Nature is the fundamental document of his philosophy.    In the early 19th century Rip Van Winkle had established __Washington Irving________’s reputation at home and abroad, and designated the beginning of American Romanticism.      Another renowned New England Transcendentalist was _Henry David Thoreau___, a friend of Ralph Waldo Emerson and his junior by some 14 years.     _Washington Irving___’s Rip Van Winkle is a fantasy tale about a man who somehow stepped outside the main stream of life.   27. The Transcendental Club often met at _Ralph Waldo Emerson____’s home in Concord.     In The Pioneers, __Natty Bumppo__ represents the ideal American, living a virtuous and free life in God’s world.     In the early 19th century, Washington Irving wrote The Sketch Book___which became the first work by an American writer to win financial success on both sides of the Atlantic.   The first important American novelist was _James Fenimore Cooper___.     In 1823 Cooper James Fenimore wrote The Pioneers, the first of the five novels that make up _The Leatherstocking Tales___.The remaining four books: The Last of Mohicans (1826), The Prairie (1827), The Pathfinder (1840), and The Deerslayer (1841), continue the story of Natty Bumppo, one of the most famous characters in American fiction.     In 1845, Thoreau began a two year residence at _Walden___ Pond.      The short story The Legend of Sleepy Hollow is taken from Washington Irving’s work named___The Sketch Book___.   Emerson’s truest disciple, the man who put into practice many of Emerson’s theories, was Henry __David__ Thoreau.   _____Edgar Allan Poe__’s poems have the musical quality and romantic beauty. The Raven is his best-known poem. Published in 1823, _The Pioneers____ was the first of the Leatherstcoking Tales, in their order of publication time, and probably the first true romance of the frontier in American literature.     Washington Irving’s works are numerous, but his most successful work is The Sketch Book of Geoffrey Crayon, of which the most famous and anthologized is_Rip Van Winkle___.   __Washington Irving__was regarded as the first great prose stylist of American romanticism. __Washington Irving___was the first American to achieve an international literary reputation after the Revolutionary War.   Washington Irving’s first book appeared in 1809.It was entitled _The History of New York___.   In 1836, a little book came out which made a tremendous impact on the intellectual life of America. It was entitled Nature by _Ralph Waldo Emerson___.   The way in which __Nathaniel Hawthorne__ wrote The Scarlet letter suggests that American Romanticism adapted itself to American puritan moralism.    The American Romantic Period stretches form the end of the 18th century through the outburst of the __Civil War__. To A Waterfowl is perhaps the peak of _William Cullen Bryant___’s work, it has been called by an eminent English critic “the most perfect brief poem in the language.” Emerson’s first book in 1836_Nature___brought American Romanticism into a new phase, the phase of New England Transcendentalism. The central figure in the Leatherstocking Tales is Natty Bumppo____, who goes by the various names of Leatherstocking, Deerslayer, Pathfinder and Hawkeye. Hester Prynne is the heroine in Hawthorne’s novel _The Scarlet Letter___. Herman Melville’s novel__Moby Dick__ is a tremendous chronicle of a whaling voyage in pursuit of a seemingly supernatural white whale. The English author named _Sir Walter Scott____ was, in a way, responsible for the romantic description of landscape in American literature and the development of American Indian romance. His Waverly novels were models for American historical romance.  Leaves of Grass, either in content or form, is an epoch-making work in American literature; its democratic content marked the shift from romanticism to realism, and its free verse____form broke from old poetic conventions to open a new road for American poetry.  In 1850, Nathaniel Hawthorne brought out his masterpiece _The Scarlet Letter___, the story of a triangular love affair in colonial America. . In Washington Irving’s work _The Sketch Book___appeared the first modern short stories and the first great American juvenile literature.   For the whole 19th century _Emily Dickinson___was the only woman poet who enjoys high academic esteem today. She has been acclaimed as a poet of philosophical and tragic dimensions, a poet who was responsive to the challenging questions of man, nature and human consciousness. The American Transcendentalists formed a club called__the Transcendental Club____.  As a philosophical and literary movement, _____ flourished in New England form the 1830s to the Civil War.  A. modernism                  B. sentimentalism                C.  rationalism  D. transcendentalism