山东省自考英语2教案unit1How difficult is English

年月日 课： Unit 1 TextA:How difficult is English? TextB：Learning a language 语法：虚拟语气（一） 教学目的： Teaching Objectives: Students should be able to: 1. Grasp the main idea and structure ofthe text; 2. Master the key language points andgrammatical structures in the text; 3. Conduct a series of reading, listening,speaking and writing tasks related. 教学重点、难点： (1) New words (2) Language learning skills (3) Subjunctive clause 教学： (4) Expositorymethod； (5) Discussion (6) Presentation and role play 教学器材、设备： Multi-media, blackboard, chalks, eraser 教案续页第页 教学步骤、 Background Information The Root of English: English began as awest Germanic languagewhich was brought to England by the Saxonsaround 400 A.D. Old English was the spoken andwritten language of England between 400 and1100 A.D. Many words used today come from OldEnglish, including, man, woman, king, mother etc.But Old English was very different from modernEnglish and only a few words can be easilyrecognized. In the 9th and l0th centuries, whenVikings invaded England, Old Norse words, e.g. sky, take, and get and many place names, enteredthe language. From the Norman Conquest (1066) until the late 12th century English was replaced as the official language by Norman French, though English was still used by the lower classes. English from about 1300 to 1500 is known as Middle English. It was influenced by French and also Latin in vocabulary and pronunciation. French brought many words connected withgovernment, e.g. sovereign, royal, court, legal and government itself. Latin was the language of religion and learning and gave to English words such as minister, angel, master, school and grammar. Literature began again to be written in English duringthis period. One of the most famous Middle English works is Chaucer's The Canterbury Tales. The Development of Modern English: Modern English developed from the Middle Englishdialect of the East Midlands and was influenced bythe English used in London, where a printing presswas set up by William Caxton in 1476. Englishchanged a great deal from this time until the end ofthe 18th century. During the Renaissance, manywords were introduced from Greek and Latin toexpress new ideas, especially in science, medicineand philosophy. They included, physics, species, architecture, encyclopedia and hypothesis In the16th century several versions ofthe Bible helpedbring written English to ordinary people. TheElizabethan period is also famous for its drama, andShakespeare's plays were seen by many people. The Development of Modern English： The development of printing helped establish standards of spelling and grammarbut there remained a lot of variation. Samuel Johnson’sA Dictionary of the English Languagewas the first authoritative treatment of English. It defined about 40000 words and gave examples of their first use. By the 18th century American English was established and developedindependently fromBritish English. After colonists arrived in the US new words began to be addedfrom Native American languages，and from French and Spanish. In 1783soon after Johnson’s dictionary was published，Noah Webster’sThe elementary spelling book was published in the USA. At first it used Johnson’s spellings, but late editions contained many of what have come to beknown as American spellings, e.g. Harbor and favorite. 20th Century English： During the 19th and early 20th centuries many dictionaries and books about language werepublished New words are still being added toEnglish from other languages，including Chinese(fengshui) and Japanese (karaoke). Existing words gainnewsenses and new expressions spread quickly through television and the Internet. English is now an internationallanguage and is used as ameans of communication between people from many countries. As a result the influences on theEnglish language are wider than ever and it ispossible that World English will move away fromusing a British or American standard and establish its own internationalidentity． Norman： Norman refers to any of the people fromNormandy in northern France who settled in England after their leader Williamdefeated the English king at the Battle ofHastings in 1066. The Normans took control of the country, a process known as the Norman Conquest. They used many of theexisting Anglo-Saxon methods of government of the state and the church, but added importantaspects of their own and made government much more effective. The language of governmentbecame first Latin, and then Norman French and this caused many new words to be added to the existing English language. Warming-up questions: 1. How long have you been learningEnglish? 2. Do you think English is difficult tolearn?And why? 3. Are there any ways to help youlearnEnglish well? Text organization: Part I: Para. 1. According to theauthor, English is difficult. Part II. Para. 2-6 Reasons whyEnglish is difficult. Part II1: Para.7. Though the factshave shown that learning English isdifficult, I still wonder whether it'spossible to command English. Q: There are several ways to introduce a theme. What are they? A beginning is where the topic is introduced，so itcan be aa directly stated sentence： b a story or an anecdote： C a question or a series of questions： d．a quotation from a person or a magazineetc： e a surprising fact or statistic： f．An idea or situation opposite to the thesis： Q: How does the writer introduce the topic in this text? By raising a question and answering itimmediately afterwards. Detailed study: Part I Grammar: 1. Nominative absolute structure: Like the national push for Asian literacy inAustralia, there has been foreign fervor in China,with English on top of the list. n./pron. + --ing/--ed/adj./ prepositional phrase e.g. I sat on the floor, with my dog lying beside me. The teacher entered the classroom, a book inher hand. 2. Emphatic structure: It is/was... that... It was Li Mei who/that helped me a lotlast week. It was until yesterday that I realizedhow stupid a mistake I had made before. Language points： 1．sacrifice n．祭品 e.g. a．A lamb was offered in sacrifice． vt．用……作祭品：牺牲 e.g. In some countries, animals are sacrificed toa god． He’d rather sacrifice his health for thecause he has devoted to． He sacrificed his career to take care of his disabled daughter． Part II Q: Please list all the reasons that contribute to the fact thatEnglish is difficult to learn. A. It involves learning everything about the countries where itis used. B. The social customs and habits of the English-speakingpeople contribute a lot to the difficulty a foreigner has inlearning it. C. Memorizing English words mechanically would bedevastating and inefficient if they did not know that hadhappened in British history. D. The Western and Oriental values are found to be inconfrontation in learning English. E. A Chinese needs to overcome the cultural barriers inlearning English in order to have a good command of it. Para. 2: Far more than e.g. My sister earns far more than I doevery month. Involve vt. The traffic accident happened yesterday onthe highway involved more than 5 vehicles. Unintelligible a. impossible to understand e.g. Eva muttered something unintelligible. intelligence intelligent intellectual Para. 3 It takes sb. some time to do sth. e.g. It takes quite some time for a Chinese Englishlearner to understand the western concept ofprivacy being violated in this address. Contribute to: e.g. Hard work contributes to your success. The businessman contributed one million dollars tothe Children's Hospital. Contribution n. Make contributions to take…for example I'd like to take China as an example toillustrate the importance of economicdevelopment. annoyvt. e.g. It annoyed him that the modeldidn't fit together properly. 使他懊恼的是这个样品安装不上。 annoyance n. address n vt A If you address the letter I’ll mail it for you. The letter is addressed to you not me B(fml)to speak directly to someone e.g. She turned to address the man on her left addresssthto sb. e.g. You will have to address your complaints to the Head 0ffice C address sb. As e.g. The President should be addressed asMr President. D formal to discuss think about，or do something about aparticular problem or question e.g. The article addresses the problems of diseasesconnected with malnutrition cravevt. A. to have an extremely strong desirefor something, especially a drug e.g. She's an insecure child whocraves attention. B. to ask seriously for something e.g. May I crave your pardon? n. craving for... Para. 4 figure out: other than: apart from a particular personor thing e.g. How can you say that religion isanything other than a way of controllingpeople.你怎么说宗教知识是一种控制人的手段呢 Have something in common Have nothing in common Para 5 Grammar：Inversion 用于由here there，now, then, so，thus等副词开头的句子中（其中谓语动词一般不带助动词或者情态动词）或者某些介词词组或者短语充当状语置于句首的句子中。 Hereis aletterfor you。 2)用于省略If 的非真实条件句中 3)用于含有否定意义的词和某些no的状语开头的句子中 如：never，little，few，hardly．scarcely．not，rarely．not until，not only，not often．even less by no means．under／in nocircumstances Never have l found him in such a good mood 4）用于only在句首，并修饰状语的句子中 Only when thousands of flowers boom togethercan spring considered here. 5）用于so…that; such…that 结构，so位于句首，并表示强调的句子 So difficult was the task that they finished it inalmost 2 years. 6)用于so, neither, nor 开始的简短表达，以避免重复的句子中 I like swimming, so does he. 7)在as though引导的让步状语从句中常用倒装。一般将一些形容词副词常置于句首。 Wealthy as he is, I don't envy him. ) Never before __ see such a terrible car accident on theroad! A. I have B. have I C. Idid D. did I 2) I was satisfied with her explanation, A. so my classmates were B. so were my classmates C. somy classmates did D. so did my classmates 3) Hardly__ on stage the audience started cheering. A. he had come/than B. he had come/when C. had he come/when D. had he come/than 4) Important __ his discovery might be, it was regarded as amatter of no account in his time. A. when B. until C. as D. although Vocabulary： Complain V． e.g. “You never ask my opinion aboutanything，”Rod complained． People complain that they don’t get enoughinformation． Neighbors complained to the police aboutthe dogs barking． She often complains about not feeling appreciated at work． Part II1: Para. 7 though conj. Though it's a difficult question, I canmanage to deal with it. e.g. Two heart attacks in a year. Ithasn't stopped him smoking though. Vocabulary: Complain v. e.g. "You never ask my opinion aboutanything," Rod complained. People complain that they don't get enoughinformation. Neighbors complained to the police aboutthe dogs barking. She often complains about not feelingappreciated at work. Post-reading Points for discussion: 1. After learning this lesson, do youthink it's possible for a foreign tocommand English? 2. Please discuss with your partnerabout the possible ways for you tohave a good command of English. Useful expressions: Useful Expressions: 1.家庭教师 private tutors 2.有助于促进 contribute to 3．以……为例 take...for example 4.渴望 have a craving for 5.想出来、弄清楚 figure out 6．和……无关 have nothing in common with 7．东西方价值观 the Western and oriental values 8．与……冲突(对抗) be in confrontation 9．因此 as a result I. Reading Comprehension I.A 2. D 3. B 4. B 5. C I1. 1. the same token 2. contributed 3. confrontation 4. annoyed 5. hospitable 6. sacrifice 7．protests 8．Offer 9．amount 10．Otherthan …．参见课文 lV． 1．constant 2.gradual 3 same4．common 5．take on 6．surprised 7．computer 8．Inexperienced9．environment 1 0．Conscious Text B Learning a Language Warming-up Questions: Do you know some effective ways to helppeople to learn English well? Text Organization: Part I: Para. 1: Linguists are trying to find how people learn a language by two ways---understanding how children learn to speakand understand their native language andlearning how people learn a secondlanguage. Part II. Para. 2-4: Different theoriesabout how children learn a language. A. Some linguists think that childrenare born with an ability to learn anduse a language. B. The second group thinks thatchildren learn to use a language fromtheir parents. C. Other theories. Part . Para. 5-7: How people learn asecond language. A. some believe the adults learn a secondlanguage the same way children learn theirnative language. B. others believe that students must learnthe rules for using the language bymemorizing them and must practice sayingthings in the language and using the rulescorrectly. Part IV. Para. 8: The conclusion:Perhaps only when people have aclear understanding of how peoplelearn and use a language canlanguage learning be easier. Exercises: 1. F2. T3. F4. F5. T6. F7. F8. F9. T 10. T 虚拟条件句： I would certainly go ifI had time.If I were you, I would consider their proposal. If Bob had come with us, he would have had agood time. We would stay at home if it should rain tomorrow. If it were to ram tomorrow the game would beput off. 错综时间虚拟 If I had taken my raincoatwhen I cameout this morning, I would not be wet now. If she hadn't worked hard at English in the past, she __ so well as a secretary ina large company now. A. wouldn't have worked B. wouldn't work 含虚拟条件： with/without/but for/otherwise/inthe past / but that Without his aid. I couldn't have done it. She wasn't feeling well. Otherwise, she wouldn’t have left the meeting so early. But for the rain, we would have had a pleasant journey. wish (that) A had done/ could have done B v-ed were C would v I wish I were as young as you. I wish I could see him now I wish I could be of more use than before. He wishes she would come tomorrow. I wished he hadn’t made the big mistake. She wishes she could have been there yesterday.