[外语学习]英语四级真题整理

[外语学习]英语四级真题整理 2006年6月四级试题 Part I Listening Comprehension (20 minutes) Section A Directions: In this section, you will hear 10 short conversations. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the question will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre. 1. A) They enjoyed the party better than the other guests. B) They knew none of the other guests at the party. C) They didn‘t think much of the food and drinks. D) They went a long way to attend the party. 2. A) To the dentist‘s. B) To the market. C) To the post office. D) To the bookstore. 3. A) She dislikes Dr. Andrews as much as the new physician. B) Dr. Andrews has been promoted for his thoroughness. C) She disagrees with Dr. Andrews on many occasions. D) Dr. Andrews used to keep his patients waiting. 4. A) Tom is usually talkative. B) Tom has a very bad temper. C) Tom is disliked by his colleagues. D) Tom has dozens of things to attend to. 5. A) To find out more about the topic for the seminar. B) To make a copy of the schedule for his friend. C) To get the seminar schedule for the woman. D) To pick up the woman from the library. 6. A) The man doesn‘t want to sell his textbooks to the woman. B) The woman has to get the textbooks in other ways. C) The woman has sold her used textbooks to the bookstore. D) The man is going to buy his textbooks from a bookstore. 7. A) Give a speech. B) Meet his lawyer. C) Attend a conference. D) Make a business trip. 8. A) Jessie should know the marketing director better. B) Jessie is wrong to find fault with her boss. C) Jessie seems to have a lot on her mind. D) Jessie always says what she thinks. 9. A) Helen is quiet. B) Helen is talkative. C) Helen is sociable. 131 1 D) Helen is active. 10. A) Jimmy is not serious in making decisions. B) Jimmy is rich enough to buy a big house. C) Jimmy‘s words are often not reliable. D) Jimmy will regret marrying a Frenchwoman. Section B Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre. Passage One Questions 11 to 13 are based on the passage you have just heard. 11. A) It has done more harm than good in the southern USA. B) It was brought to the northern USA by Asian farmers. C) It was introduced into the USA to kill harmful weeds. D) It can be used by farmers to protect large buildings. 12. A) They will become too hard to plough. B) They will soon be overgrown with kudzu. C) People will have to rely on kudzu for a living. D) People will find it hard to protect the soil. 13. A) The soil there is not so suitable for the plant. B) The factories there have found a good use for it. C) The farmers there have brought it under control. D) The climate there is unfavorable to its growth. Passage Two Questions 14 to 16 are based on the passage you have just heard. 14. A) The universe as a whole B) A society of legal professionals. C) An association of teachers and scholars. D) A business corporation. 15. A) Provincial colleges were taken over by larger universities. B) Its largest expansion took place during that period. C) Small universities combined to form bigger ones. D) Its role in society went through a dramatic change. 16. A) Private donations. B) Fees paid by students. C) Government funding. D) Grants from corporations. Passage Three Questions 17 to 20 are based on the passage you have just heard. 17. A) He was interested in the study of wild animals. B) He started the organization Heifer International. C) He was wounded in the Spanish civil war. D) He sold his cows to many countries in the world. 131 2 18. A) To make plans for the development of poor communities. B) To teach people how to use new skills to raise animals. C) To help starving families to become self-supporting. D) To distribute food to the poor around the world. 19. A) They should submit a report of their needs and goals. B) They should provide food for the local communities. C) They should offer all baby animals to their poor neighbors. D) They should help other families the way they have been helped. 20. A) It has helped relieve hunger in some developing countries. B) It has improved animal breeding skills all over the world. C) It has bridged the gap between the rich and the poor in America. D) It has promoted international exchange of farming technology. Part II Reading Comprehension (35 minutes) Directions: There are 4 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre. Passage One Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage. Educating girls quite possibly yields a higher rate of return than any other investment available in the developing world. Women‘s education may be unusual territory for economists, but enhancing women‘s contribution to development is actually as much an economic as a social issue. And economics, with its emphasis on incentives (激励), provides guideposts that point to an explanation for why so many girls are deprived of an education. Parents in low-income countries fail to invest in their daughters because they do not expect them to make an economic contribution to the family: girls grow up only to marry into somebody else‘s family and bear children. Girls are thus seen as less valuable than boys and are kept at home to do housework while their brothers are sent to school-the prophecy (预言) becomes self-fulfilling, trapping women in a vicious circle (恶性循环) of neglect. An educated mother, on the other hand, has greater earning abilities outside the home and faces an entirely different set of choices. She is likely to have fewer but healthier children and can insist on the development of all her children, ensuring that her daughters are given a fair chance. The education of her daughters then makes it much more likely that the next generation of girls, as well as of boys, will be educated and healthy. The vicious circle is thus transformed into a virtuous circle. Few will dispute that educating women has great social benefits. But it has enormous economic advantages as well. Most obviously, there is the direct effect of education on the wages of female workers. Wages rise by 10 to 20 per cent for each additional year of schooling. Such big returns are impressive by the standard of other available investments, but they are just the beginning. Educating women also has a significant impact on health practices, including family planning. 21. The author argues that educating girls in developing countries is _________. A) rewarding B) troublesome C) expensive D) labor-saving 22. By saying ―…the prophecy becomes self-fulfilling…‖ (Lines 4-5, Para. 2), the author means that __________. A) girls will eventually find their goals in life beyond reach B) girls will be increasingly discontented with their life at home C) girls will be capable of realizing their own dreams D) girls will turn out to be less valuable than boys 23. The author believes that a vicious circle can turn into a virtuous circle when ________ 131 3 A) women care more about education B) parents can afford their daughters‘ education C) girls can gain equal access to education D) a family has fewer but healthier children 24. What does the author say about women‘s education? A) It has aroused the interest of a growing number of economists. B) It will yield greater returns than other known investments. C) It is now given top priority in many developing countries. D) It deserves greater attention than other social issues. 25. The passage mainly discusses __________. A) unequal treatment of boys and girls in developing countries B) the major contributions of educated women to society C) the economic and social benefits of educating women D) the potential earning power of well-educated women Passage Two Questions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage. Psychiatrists (精神病专家) who work with older parents say that maturity can be an asset in child rearing ---- older parents are more thoughtful, use less physical discipline and spend more time with their children. But raising kids takes money and energy. Many older parents find themselves balancing their limited financial resources, declining energy and failing health against the growing demands of an active child. Dying and leaving young children is probably the older parents‘ biggest, and often unspoken, fear. Having late-life children, says an economics professor, often means parents, particularly fathers, ―end up retiring much later.‖ For many, retirement becomes an unobtainable dream. Henry Metcalf, a 54-year-old journalist, knows it takes money to raise kids. But he‘s also worried that his energy will give out first. Sure, he can still ride bikes with his athletic fifth grader, but he‘s learned that young at heart doesn‘t mean young. Lately he‘s been taking afternoon naps (午睡) to keep up his energy. ―My body is aging,‖ says Metcalf, ―You can‘t get away from that.‖ Often, older parents hear the ticking of another kind of biological clock. Therapists who work with middle-aged and older parents say fears about aging are nothing to laugh at. ―They worry they‘ll be mistaken for grandparents, or that they‘ll need help getting up out of those little chairs in nursery school,‖ says Joann Galst, a New York psychologist. But at the core of those little fears there is often a much bigger one: ―that they won‘t be alive long enough to support and protect their child,‖ she says. Many late-life parents, though, say their children came at just the right time. After marrying late and undergoing years of fertility (受孕) treatment, Marilyn Nolen and her husband, Randy, had twins. ―We both wanted children,‖ says Marilyn, who was 55 when she gave birth. The twins have given the couple what they desired for years, ―a sense of family.‖ Kids of older dads are often smarter, happier and more sociable because their fathers are more involved in their lives. ―The dads are older, more mature,‖ says Dr. Silber, ―and more ready to focus on parenting.‖ 26. Why do psychiatrists regard maturity as an asset in child rearing? A) Older parents can better balance their resources against children‘s demands. B) Older parents are usually more experienced in bringing up their children. C) Older parents are often better prepared financially. D) Older parents can take better care of their children. 27. What does the author mean by saying ―For many, retirement becomes an unobtainable dream‖ (Lines 7-8, Para. 1)? A) They have to go on working beyond their retirement age. 131 4 B) They can‘t get full pension unless they work some extra years. C) They can‘t obtain the retirement benefits they have dreamed of. D) They are reluctant to retire when they reach their retirement age. 28. The author gives the example of Henry Metcalf to show that _________. A) many people are young in spirit despite their advanced age B) taking afternoon naps is a good way to maintain energy C) older parents tend to be concerned about their aging bodies D) older parents should exercise more to keep up with their athletic children. 29. What‘s the biggest fear of older parents according to New York psychologist Joann Galst? A) Being laughed at by other people. B) Slowing down of their pace of life. C) Being mistaken for grandparents. D) Approaching of death. 30. What do we learn about Marilyn and Randy Nolen? A) They thought they were an example of successful fertility treatment. B) Not until they had the twins did they feel they had formed a family. C) They believed that children born of older parents would be smarter. D) Not until they reached middle age did they think of having children. Passage Three Questions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage. Interest in pursuing international careers has soared in recent years, enhanced by chronic (长久的) personnel shortages that are causing companies to search beyond their home borders for talent. Professionals seek career experience outside of their home countries for a variety of reasons. They may feel the need to recharge their batteries with a new challenge. They may want a position with more responsibility that encourages creativity and initiative. Or they may wish to expose their children to another culture, and the opportunity to learn a second language. When applying for a job, one usually has to submit a resume or curriculum vitae (CV). The two terms generally mean the same thing: a one-or two-page document describing one‘s educational qualifications and professional experience. However, guidelines for preparing a resume are constantly changing. The best advice is to find out what is appropriate regarding the corporate (公司的) culture, the country culture, and the culture of the person making the hiring decision. The challenge will be to embrace two or more cultures in one document. The following list is a good place to start. , Educational requirements differ from country to country. In almost every case of ―cross-border‖ job hunting, just stating the title of your degree will not be an adequate description. Provide the reader with details about your studies and any related experience. , Pay attention to the resume format you use---chronological or reverse-chronological order. Chronological order means listing your ―oldest‖ work experience first. Reverse-chronological order means listing your current or most recent experience first. Most countries have preferences about which format is most acceptable. If you find no specific guidelines, the general preference is for the reverse-chronological format. , If you are submitting your resume in English, find out if the recipient (收件人) uses British English or American English because there are variations between the two versions. For example, university education is often referred to as ―tertiary education‖ in the United Kingdom, but this term is almost never used in the United States. A reader who is unfamiliar with these variations may assume that your resume contains errors. 31. Companies are hiring more foreign employees because___________. 131 5 A) they have difficulty finding qualified personnel at home. B) they find foreign employees are usually more talented C) the need original ideas from employees hired overseas D) they want to expand their business beyond home borders 32. The author believes that an individual who applies to work overseas ___________. A) is usually creative and full of initiative B) aims to improve his foreign language skills C) seeks either his own or his children‘s development D) is dissatisfied with his own life at home 33. When it comes to resume writing, it is best to __________ A) know the employer‘s personal likes and dislikes B) follow appropriate guidelines for job hunting C) learn about the company‘s hiring process D) take cultural factors into consideration 34. When writing about qualifications, applicants are advised to ________. A) provide a detailed description of their study and work experiences B) give the title of the university degree they have earned at home C) highlight their keen interest in pursuing a ―cross-border‖ career D) stress their academic potential to impress the decision maker 35. According to the author‘s last piece of advice, the applicants should be aware of ________ A) the recipient‘s preference with regard to the format B) the different educational systems in the US and the UK C) the differences between the varieties of English D) the distinctive features of American and British cultures Passage Four Questions 36 to 40 are based on the following passage. Speeding off in a stolen car, the thief thinks he has got a great catch. But he is in for an unwelcome surprise. The car is fitted with a remote immobiliser (锁止器), and a radio signal from a control centre miles away will ensure that once the thief switches the engine off, he will not be able to start it again. The idea goes like this. A control box fitted to the car contains a mini-cellphone, a microprocessor and memory, and a GPS (全球定位系统) satellite positioning receiver. If the car is stolen, a coded cellphone signal will tell the control centre to block the vehicle‘s engine management system and prevent the engine being restarted. In the UK a set of technical fixes is already making life harder for car thieves. ―The pattern of vehicle crime has changed,‖ says Martyn Randall, a security expert. He says it would only take him a few minutes to teach a person how to steal a car, using a bare minimum of tools. But only if the car is more than 10 years old. Modern cars are far tougher to steal, as their engine management computer won‘t allow them to start unless they receive a unique ID code beamed out by the ignition (点火) key. In the UK, technologies like this have helped achieve a 31% drop in vehicle-related crime since 1997. But determined criminals are still managing to find other ways to steal cars, often by getting hold of the owner‘s keys. And key theft is responsible for 40% of the thefts of vehicles fitted with a tracking system. If the car travels 100 metres without the driver confirming their ID, the system will send a signal to an operations centre that it has been stolen. The hundred metres minimum avoids false alarms due to inaccuracies in the GPS signal. Staff at the centre will then contact the owner to confirm that the car really is missing, and keep police informed of the vehicle‘s movements via the car‘s GPS unit. 131 6 36. What‘s the function of the remote immobiliser fitted to a car? A) To allow the car to lock automatically when stolen. B) To prevent the car thief from restarting it once it stops. C) To help the police make a surprise attack on the car thief. D) To prevent car theft by sending a radio signal to the car owner. 37. By saying ―The pattern of vehicle crime has changed‖ (Lines 1-2, Para.3), Martyn Randall suggests that _________. A) self-prepared tools are no longer enough for car theft B) the thief has to make use of computer technology C) it takes a longer time for the car thief to do the stealing D) the thief has lost interest in stealing cars over 10 years old 38. What is essential in making a modern car tougher to steal? A) A GPS satellite positioning receiver B) A unique ID card C) A special cellphone signal D) A coded ignition key 39. Why does the tracking system set a 100-metre minimum before sending an alarm to the operations centre? A) To give the driver time to contact the operations centre B) To allow for possible errors in the GPS system C) To keep police informed of the car‘s movements D) To leave time for the operations centre to give an alarm 40. What will the operations centre do first after receiving an alarm? A) Start the tracking system. B) Locate the missing car. C) Contact the car owner. D) Block the car engine. Part IV Cloze (15 minutes) Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D) on the right side of the paper. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre. The part of the environmental movement that draws my firm‘s attention is the design of cities, buildings and products. When we designed America‘s first so-called ―green‖ office building in New York two decades 71 , we felt very alone. But today, thousands of people come to green building conferences, and the 72 that buildings can be good for people and the environment will be increasingly influential in years to 73 . Back in 1984 we discovered that most manufactured products for decoration weren‘t designed for 74 use. The ―energy-efficient‖ sealed commercial buildings constructed after the 1970s energy crisis 75 indoor air quality problems caused by materials such as paint, wall covering and carpet. So for 20 years, we‘ve been focusing on these materials 76 to the molecules, looking for ways to make them 77 for people and the planet. Home builders can now use materials----such as paints that release significantly 78 amounts of organic compounds ----that don‘t 79 the quality of the air, water, or soil. Ultimately, 80 , our basic design strategy is focused not simply on being ―less bad‖ but on creating 81 healthful materials that can be either safely returned to the soil 82 reused by industry again and again. As a matter of 83 , the world‘s largest carpet manufacturer has already 84 a carpet that is fully and safely recyclable (可循环利用的). Look at it this way: No one 85 out to create a building that destroys the planet. But our current industrial 131 7 systems are 86 causing these conditions, whether we like it or not. So 87 of simply trying to reduce the damage, we are 88 a positive approach. We‘re giving people high-quality, healthful products and an opportunity to make choices that have a 89 effect on the world. It‘s not just the building industry, either, 90 cities are taking these environmentally positive approaches to design, planning and building. Portland, Seattle and Boston have said they want to be green cities. Chicago wants to be the greenest city in the world. 71. A) off B) away C) before D) ago 72. A) practice B) idea C) outlook D) scheme 73. A) go B) continue C) come D) arrive 74. A) relevant B) indoor C) flexible D) inward 75. A) revealed B) displayed C) exhibited D) discovered 76. A) back B) near C) down D) next 77. A) cautious B) comfortable C) stable D) safe 78. A) reduced B) revised C) delayed D) descended 79. A) destroy B) deny C) dissolve D) depress 80. A) anyway B) besides C) anyhow D) however 81. A) exactly B) completely C) partially D) superficially 82. A) and B) nor C) or D) but 83. A) principle B) course C) interest D) fact 84. A) developed B) sketched C) researched D) constructed 85. A) looks B) pulls C) starts D) makes 86. A) originally B) traditionally C) basically D) inevitably 87. A) instead B) because C) out D) regardless 88. A) adjusting B) adopting C) adapting D) admitting 89. A) functional B) sensible C) beneficial D) precious 90. A) Full B) Entire C) Total D) Complete Part V Writing (30 minutes) Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled An announcement for a voluntary program. You should write at Least 120 words following the outline given below: 1.校学生会组织依次暑假志愿活动现招聘志愿者 2.本次志愿都活动的目的内容及安排 3.报名条件和联系方式 An announcement for a voluntary program 2006年12月23日四级考试真题，最新整理版， Part ? Writing (30 minutes) Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled. The Importance of Reading classics. You should write at least 150 words following the outline given below. 1、许多人喜欢在除夕夜观看春节晚会 2、但有些人提出取消春节晚会 3、我的看法 Part ? Listening Comprehension (35 minutes) Section A Directions: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each 131 8 conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the center. 注意:此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。 11. A. Plan his budget carefully B. Give her more information. C. Ask someone else for advice. D. Buy a gift for his girlfriend. 12. A. She‘ll have some chocolate cake. B. She‘ll take a look at the menu. C. She‘ll go without dessert. D. She‘ll prepare the dinner. 13. A. The man can speak a foreign language. B. The woman hopes to improve her English. C. The woman knows many different languages. D. The man wishes to visit many more countries. 14. A. Go to the library. B. Meet the woman. C. See Professor Smith. D. Have a drink in the bar. 15. A. She isn‘t sure when Professor Bloom will be back B. The man shouldn‘t be late for his class. C. The man can come back sometime later. D. She can pass on the message for the man. 16. A. He has a strange personality. B. He‘s got emotional problems. C. His illness is beyond cure. D. His behavior is hard to explain. 17. A. The tickets are more expensive than expected. B. The tickets are sold in advance at half price. C. It‘s difficult to buy the tickets on the spot. D. It‘s better to the tickets beforehand. 18. A. He turned suddenly and ran into a tree. B. He was hit by a fallen box from a truck. C. He drove too fast and crashed into a truck. D. He was trying to overtake the truck ahead of him. Questions 19 to 22 are based on the conversation you have just heard. 19. What‘s the woman‘s main purpose of visiting Quebec? A. To go boating on the St. Lawrence River B. To go sightseeing in Quebec Province C. To call on a friend in Quebec City D. To attend a wedding in Montreal 20. What does the man advise the woman to do before the trip? 131 9 A. Study the map of Quebec Province B. Find more about Quebec Province C. Brush up on her French D. Learn more about the local customs 21. What does the man say about the Quebec City? A. It‘s most beautiful in summer B. It has many historical buildings. C. It was greatly expanded in the 18th century. D. It‘s the only French-speaking city in Canada. Questions 22 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just beared. 22. What do we learn from the conversation about Miss Rowling‘s first book? A. It was about a little animal. B. It took her six years to write. C. It was adapted from a fairy tale. D. It was about a little girl and her pet. 23. Why does Miss Rowling consider her so very lucky? A. She knows how to write best-selling novels. B. She can earn a lot of money by writing for adults. C. She is able to win enough support from publishers. D. She can make a living by doing what she likes. 24. What dictates Miss Rowling‘s writing? A. The characters. B. Her ideas. C. The readers. D. Her life experiences. 25. According to Miss Rowling where did she get the ideas for the Harry Porter books? A. She doesn‘t really know where they originated B. She mainly drew on stories of ancient saints. C. They popped out of her childhood dreams. D. They grew out of her long hours of thinking. Section B Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A) B) C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. 注意:此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。 Passage One Questions 26 to 28 are based on the passage you have just heard. 26. What were teachers told to do in the experiment? A. Monitor students‘ sleep patterns. B. Help students concentrate in class. C. Record students‘ weekly performance. D. Ask students to complete a sleep report. 27. According to the experiment, what problem can insufficient sleep cause in students? 131 10 A. Declining health. B. Lack of attention. C. Loss of motivation. D. Improper behavior. 28. What message did the researcher intend to convey to parents? A. They should make sure their children are always punctual for school. B. They should ensure their children grow up in a healthy environment. C. They should help their children accomplish high-quality work. D. They should see to it that their children have adequate sleep. Passage Two Questions 29 to 32 are based on the passage you have just heard. 29. What was the significant change in Patricia Pena‘s life? A. She stopped being a homemaker. B. She became a famous educator. C. She became a public figure. D. She quit driving altogether. 30.What had led to Pena‘s personal tragedy? A. A motorist‘s speeding. B. Her running a stop sign. C. Her lack of driving experience. D. A motorist‘s failure to concentrate. 31. How did Pena feel when she began her first speech? A. Nervous and unsure of herself. B. Calm and confident of herself. C. Courageous and forceful. D. Distracted and reluctant. 32. What could be expected as a result of Pena‘s efforts? A. More strict training of women drivers. B. Restrictions on cell phone use while driving. C. Improved traffic conditions in cities. D. New regulations to ensure children‘s safety. Passage Three Questions 33 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard. 33. According to the passage, why haven‘t scientists found a cure for the common cold? A. They haven‘t devoted as much energy to medicine as to space travel. B. Three are too many kinds of cold viruses for them to identify. C. It is not economical to find a cure for each for each type of cold. D. They believe people can recover without treatment. 34. What does the speaker say about the symptoms of the common cold? A. They reveal the seriousness of the problem. B. They indicate how fast the virus spreads. C. They tell us what kind of medicine to take. D. They show our body is fighting the virus. 35. What do some scientists say about taking medicines for the common cold, according to the passage? 131 11 A. It actually does more harm than good. B. It causes damage to some organs of our body C. It works better when combined with other remedies. D. It helps us to recover much sooner. Section C Directions: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information. For these blanks, you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the main points in your own words. Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written. 注意:此部分试题请在答题卡2作答。 You probably have noticed that people express similar ideas in different ways depending on the situation they are in. This is very (36)__________. All languages have two general levels of (37)__________: a formal level and an informal level. English is no (38)__________. The difference in these two levels is the situation in which you use a (39)___________ level. Formal language is the kind of language you find in textbooks, (40)__________ books and in business letters. You would also use formal English in compositions and (41)__________ that you write in school. Informal language is used in conversation with (42)__________, family members and friends, and when we write (43)__________ notes or letters to close friends. Formal language is different from informal language in several ways. First, formal language tends to be more polite. (44)______________________________________________________. For example, I might say to a friend or a family member ―Close the door, please‖, (45)_______ ____________________________________________ Another difference between formal and informal language is some of the vocabulary. (46)____________________________________ _________________________________________________. Let‘s say that I really like soccer. If I am talking to my friend, I might say ―I am just crazy about soccer‖, but if I were talking to my boss, I would probably say ―I really enjoy soccer‖. Part IV Reading Comprehension (reading in depth ) ( 25 minutes) Section A Direction: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the center. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once. The flood of women into the job market boosted economic growth and changed U.S. society in many ways. Many in-home jobs that used to be done 47 by women----ranging from family shopping to preparing meals to doing 48 work——still need to be done by someone .Husbands and children now do some of these jobs, a 49 that has changed the target market for many products. Or a working woman may face a crushing ―poverty of time ―and look for help elsewhere, creating opportunities for producers of frozen meals, child care centers, dry cleaners, financial services, and the like. Although there is still a big wage 50 between men and women, the income working women 51 gives them new independence and buying power. For example, women now 52 about half of all cars. Not long ago, many cars dealers 53 women shoppers by ignoring them or suggesting that they come back with their husbands. Now car companies have realized that women are 54 customers. It‘s interesting that some leading Japanese car 131 12 dealers were the first to 55 pay attention to women customers. In Japan, fewer women have jobs or buy cars — the Japanese society is still very much male—oriented. Perhaps it was the 56 contrast with Japanese society that prompted American firms to pay more attention to women buyers. 注意:此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答 A)scale B)retailed C)generate D)extreme E)technically F)affordable G)situation H)really I)potential J)gap K)voluntary L)excessive M)insulted N)purchase O)primarily Section B Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them are four choices marked A), B), C) and D).You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. Passage One Question 57 to 61 are based on the following passage. Reading new peaks of popularity in North America is Iceberg Water which is harvested from icebergs off the coast of Newfoundland, Canada. Arthur von Wiesenberger, who carries the title Water Master, is one of the few water critics in North America. As a boy, he spent time in the larger cities of Italy, France and Switzerland, Where bottled water is consumed daily. Even then, he kept a water journal, noting the brands he liked best. ―My dog could tell the difference between bottled and tap water.‖ He says. But is plain tap water all that bad? Not at all. In fact, New York‘s municipal water for more than a century was called the champagne of tap water and until recently considered among the best in the world in terms of both taste and purity. Similarly, a magazine in England found that tap water from the Thames River tasted better than several leading brands of bottled water that were 400 times more expensive. Nevertheless, soft-drink companies view bottled water as the next battle-ground for market share-this despite the fact that over 25 percent of bottled water comes from tap water: PepsiCo‘s Aquafina and Coca-Cola‘s Dasani are both purified tap water rather than spring water. As diners thirst for leading brands, bottlers and restaurateurs salivate (垂涎) over the profits. A restaurant‘s typical mark-up on wine is 100 to 150 percent, whereas on bottled water it‘s often 300 to 500 percent. But since water is much cheaper than wine, and many of the fancier brands aren‘t available in stores, most dines don‘t notice or care. As a result, some restaurants are turning up the pressure to sell bottled water. According to an article in The Street Journal, some of the more shameless tactics include placing attractive bottles on the table for a visual sell, listing brands on the menu without prices, and pouring bottled water without even asking the dinners if they want it. Regardless of how it‘s sold, the popularity of bottled water taps into our desire for better health, our wish to appear cultivated, and even a longing for lost purity. 注意:此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。 57. What do we know about Iceberg Water from the passage? A. It is a kind of iced water. B. It is just plain tap water. C. It is a kind of bottled water. D. It is a kind of mineral water. 58. By saying ― My dog could tell the difference between bottled and tap water‖ (Line 4, Para 2), von Wiesenberg wants to convey the message that ________. A. plain tap water is certainly unfit for drinking 131 13 B. bottled water is clearly superior to tap water C. bottled water often appeals more to dogs taste D. dogs can usually detect a fine difference in taste 59. The ―fancier brands‖ (Line 3 Para 5) refers to ________. A. tap water from the Thames River B. famous wines not sold in ordinary stores C. PepsiCo‘s Aquafina and Coca-Cola‘s Dasani D. expensive bottled water with impressive names 60. Why are some restaurants turning up the pressure to sell bottled water? A. Bottled water brings in huge profits. B. Competition from the wine industry is intense. C. Most diners find bottled water affordable. D. Bottled water satisfied diners‘ desire to fashionable. 61. According to passage, why is bottled water so popular? A. It is much cheaper than wine. B. It is considered healthier. C. It appeals to more cultivated people. D. It is more widely promoted in the market. Passage Two As we have seen, the focus of medical care in our society has been shifting from curing disease to preventing disease – especially in terms of changing our many unhealthy behaviors, such as poor eating habits, smoking, and failure to exercise. The line of thought involved in this shift can be pursued further. Imagine a person who is about the right weight , but does not eat very nutritious (有营养的) foods, who feels OK but exercises only occasionally, who goes to work every day, but is not an outstanding worker, who drinks a few beers at home most nights but does not drive while drunk , and who has no chest pains or abnormal blood counts, but sleeps a lot and often feels tired. This person is not ill. He may not even be at risk for any particular disease. But we can imagine that this person could be a lot healthier. The field of medicine has not traditionally distinguished between someone who is merely ― not ill‖ and someone who is in excellent health and pays attention to the body‘s special needs. Both types have simply been called ―well‖. In recent years, however, some health specialists have begun to apply the terms ―well‖ and ―wellness‖ only to those who are actively striving to maintain and improve their health. People who are well are concerned with nutrition and exercise and they make a point of monitoring their body‘s condition. Most important, perhaps, people who are well take active responsibility for all matters related to their health. Even people who have a physical disease or handicap (缺陷) may be "well," in this new sense, if they make an effort to maintain the best possible health they can in the face of their physical limitations. "Wellness" may perhaps best be viewed not as a state that people can achieve, but as an ideal that people can strive for. People who are well are likely to be better able to resist disease and to fight disease when it strikes. And by focusing attention on healthy ways of living, the concept of wellness can have a beneficial impact on the ways in which people face the challenges of daily life. 62.Today medical care is placing more stress on ________. A. keeping people in a healthy physical condition B. monitoring patients‘ body functions C. removing people‘s bad living habits 131 14 D. ensuring people‘s psychological well-being 63. In the first paragraph, people are reminded that ________. A. good health is more than not being ill B. drinking, even if not to excess, could be harmful C. regular health checks are essential to keeping fit D. prevention is more difficult than cure 64.Traditionally, a person is considered "well" if he ________. A. does not have any unhealthy living habits B. does not have any physical handicaps C. is able to handle his daily routines D. is free from any kind of disease 65. According to the author, the true meaning of "wellness" is for people ________. A. to best satisfy their body‘s special needs B. to strive to maintain the best possible health C. to meet the strictest standards of bodily health D. to keep a proper balance between work and leisure 66. According to what the author advocates, which of the following groups of people would be considered healthy? A. People who have strong muscles as well as slim figures. B. People who are not presently experiencing any symptoms of disease. C. People who try to be as possible, regardless of their limitations. D. People who can recover from illness even without seeking medical care. 完形填空 Language is the most astonishing behavior in the animal kingdom. It is the species-typical behavior that sets humans completely 67 from all other animals. Language is a means of communication, 68 it is much more than that. Many animals can 69 . The dance of the honeybee communicates the location of flowers 70 other members of the hive(蜂群). But human language permits communication about anything. 71 things like unicorns(独角兽)that have never existed. The key 72 in the fact that the units of meaning, words, can be 73 together in different ways, according to 74 , to communicate different meanings. Language is the most important learning we do. Nothing 75 humans so much as our ability to communicate abstract thoughts, 76 about the university the mind, love, dreams, or ordering a drink, It is an immensely complex 77 that we take for granted. Indeed, we are not aware of most 78 of our speech and understanding. Consider what happens when one person is speaking to 79 . The Speaker has to translate thoughts into 80 language. Brain imaging studies suggest that the time from thoughts to the 81 of speech is extremely fast. Only 0.04 seconds! The listener must hear the sounds to 82 out what the speaker means. He must use the sounds of speech to 83 the words spoken, understand the pattern of 84 of the words (sentences), and finally 85 the meaning. This takes somewhat longer, a minimum of about 0.5 seconds. But 86 started, it is of course a continuous process. 67. A. apart B. off C. up D. down 68. A. so B. but C. or D. for 69. A. transfer B. transmit C. convey D. communicate 70. A. to B. from C. over D. on 71. A. only B. almost C. even D. just 72. A. stays B. situates C. hides D. lies 73. A. stuck B. strung C. rung D. consisted 131 15 74. A. rules B. scales C. laws D. standards 75. A. combines B. contains C. defines D. declares 76. A. what B. whether C. while D. if 77. A. prospect B. progress C. process D. produce 78. A. aspects B. abstracts C. angles D. assumptions 79. A. anybody B. another C. other D. everybody 80. A. body B. gesture C. written D. spoken 81. A. growing B. fixing C. beginning D. building 82. A. put B. take C. draw D. figure 83. A. identify B. locate C. reveal D. discover 84. A. performance B. organization C. design D. layout 85. A. prescribe B. justify C. utter D. interpret 86. A. since B. after C. once D. until Part VI Translation (5 minutes) Directions: Complete the sentences on Answer Sheet 2 by translating into English the Chinese given in brackets. 87. Specialists in intercultural studies says that it is not easy to _______________(适应不同文化中的生活) 88. Since my childhood I have fond that _____________________(没有什么比读对我更有吸引力) 89. The victim _______________________(本来会有机会活下来)if he had been taken to hospital in time 90. Some psychologists claim that people___________________(出门在外时可能会感到孤独) 91. The nation‘s population continues to rise __________________(以每年1200万人的速度) 2007年6月23日大学英语四级 Part I Writing (30 minutes) Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the topic of Welcome to our club. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given bellow: 标题:Welcome to our club 书写提纲: 1. 表达你的欢迎; 2. 对你们俱乐部作一个简要介绍。 Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes) Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. Protect Your Privacy When Job-hunting Online Identity theft and identity fraud are terms used to refer to all types of crime in which someone wrongfully obtains and uses another person‘s personal data in some way that involves fraud or deception, typically for economic gain. The numbers associated with identity theft are beginning to add up fast these days. A recent General Accounting Office report estimates that as many as 750,000 Americans are victims of identity theft every year. And that number may be low, as many people choose not to report the crime even if they know they have been victimized. Identity theft is ―an absolute epidemic,‖ states Robert Ellis Smith, a respected author and advocate of privacy. ―It‘s certainly picked up in the last four or five years. It‘s worldwide. It affects everybody, and there‘s very little you can do to prevent it and, worst of all, you can‘t detect it until it‘s probably too late.‖ Unlike your fingerprints, which are unique to you and cannot be given to someone else for their use, you personal data, especially your social security number, your bank account or credit card number, your telephone calling card number, and other valuable 131 16 identifying data, can be used, if they fall into the wrong hands, to personally profit at your expense. In the United States and Canada, for example, many people have reported that unauthorized persons have taken funds out of their bank or financial accounts, or, in the worst cases, taken over their identities altogether, running up vast debts and committing crimes while using the victims‘ names. In many cases, a victim‘s losses may included not only out-of-pocket financial losses, but substantial additional financial costs associated with trying to restore his reputation in the community and correcting erroneous information for which the criminal is responsible. According to the FBI, identity theft is the number one fraud committed on the Internet. So how do job seekers protect themselves while continuing to circulate their resumes online? The key to a successful online job search is learning to manager the risks. Here are some tips for staying safe while conducting a job search on the Internet. 1. Check for a privacy policy. If you are considering posting your resume online, make sure the job search site your are considering has a privacy policy, like CareerBuilder.com. The policy should spell out how your information will be used, stored and whether or not it will be shared. You may want to think twice about posting your resume on a site that automatically shares your information with others. You could be opening yourself up to unwanted calls from solicitors (推销员). When reviewing the site‘s privacy policy, you‘ll be able to delete your resume just as easily as you posted it. You won‘t necessarily want your resume to remain out there on the Internet once you land a job. Remember, the longer your resume remains posted on a job board, the more exposure, both positive and not-so-positive, it will receive. 2. Take advantage of site features. Lawful job search sites offer levels of privacy protection. Before posting your resume, carefully consider your job search objective and the level of risk you are willing to assume. CareerBuilder.com, for example, offers three levels of privacy from which job seekers can choose. The first is standard posting. This option gives job seekers who post their resumes the most visibility to the broadest employer audience possible. The second is anonymous (匿名的) posting. This allows job seekers the same visibility as those in the standard posting category without any of their contact information being displayed. Job seekers who wish to remain anonymous but want to share some other information may choose which pieces of contact information to display. The third is private posting. This option allows a job seeker to post a resume without having it searched by employers. Private posting allows job seekers to quickly and easily apply for jobs that appear on CareerBuilder.com without retyping their information. 3. Safeguard your identity. Career experts say that one of the ways job seekers can stay safe while using the Internet to search out jobs is to conceal their identities. Replace your name on your resume with a generic (泛指的) identifier, such as ―Intranet Developer Candidate,‖ or ―Experienced Marketing Representative.‖ You should also consider eliminating the name and location of your current employer. Depending on your title, it may not be all that difficult to determine who you are once the name of your company is provided. Use a general description of the company such as ―Major auto manufacturer,‖ or ―International packaged goods supplier.‖ If your job title is unique, consider using the generic equivalent instead of the exact title assigned by your employer. 4. Establish and email address for your search. Another way to protect your privacy while seeking employment online is to open up an email account specifically for your online job search. This will safeguard your existing email box in the event someone you don‘t know gets hold of your email address and shares it with others. Using an email address specifically for you job search also eliminates the possibility that you will receive unwelcome emails in your primary mailbox. When naming your new email address, be sure that it doesn‘t contain references to your name or other information that will give away your identity. The best solution is an email address that is relevant to the job you are seeking such as salesmgr2004@provider.com. 131 17 5. Protect your reference. If your resume contains a section with the names and contact information of your references, take it out. There‘s no sense in safeguarding your information while sharing private contact information of your references. 6. Keep confidential (机密的) information confidential. Do not, under any circumstances, share your social security, driver‘s license, and bank account numbers or other personal information, such as race or eye color. Honest employers do not need this information with an initial application. Don‘t provide this even if they say they need it in order to conduct a background check. This is one of the oldest tricks in the book – don‘t fall for it.. 8. Using a special email address in the job search can help prevent your from receiving ________. 9. To protect your references, you should not post online their ________. 10. According to the passage, identity theft is committed typically for ________. Part III Listing Comprehension (35 minutes) Section A Directions: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which is the best answer, then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line though the centre. 11. A) It could help people of all ages to avoid cancer. B) It was mainly meant for cancer patients. C) It might appeal more to viewers over 40. D) It was frequently interrupted by commercials. 12. A) The man is fond of traveling. B) The woman is a photographer. C) The woman took a lot of pictures at the contest. D) The man admires the woman‘s talent in writing. 13. A) The man regrets being absent-minded. B) The woman saved the man some trouble. C) The man placed the reading list on a desk. D) The woman emptied the waste paper basket. 14. A) He quit teaching in June. B) He has left the army recently. C) He opened a restaurant near the school. D) He has taken over his brother‘s business. 15. A) She seldom reads books from cover to cover. B) She is interested in reading novels. C) She read only part of the book. D) She was eager to know what the book was about. 16. A) She was absent all week owing to sickness. B) She was seriously injured in a car accident. C) She called to say that her husband had been hospitalized. D) She had to be away from school to attend to her husband. 17. A) The speakers want to rent the Smiths‘ old house. B) The man lives two blocks away from the Smiths. C) The woman is not sure if she is on the right street. D) The Smiths‘ new house is not far from their old one. 131 18 18. A) The man had a hard time finding a parking space. B) The woman found they had got to the wrong spot. C) The woman was offended by the man‘s late arrival. D) The man couldn‘t find his car in the parking lot. Questions 19 to 22 are based on the conversation you have just heard. 19. A) The hotel clerk had put his reservation under another name. B) The hotel clerk insisted that he didn‘t make any reservation. C) The hotel clerk tried to take advantage of his inexperience. D) The hotel clerk couldn‘t find his reservation for that night. 20. A) A grand wedding was being held in the hotel. B) There was a conference going on in the city. C) The hotel was undergoing major repairs. D) It was a busy season for holiday-makers. 21. A) It was free of charge on weekends. B) It had a 15% discount on weekdays. C) It was offered to frequent guests only. D) It was 10% cheaper than in other hotels. 22. A) Demand compensation from the hotel. B) Ask for an additional discount. C) Complain to the hotel manager. D) Find a cheaper room in another hotel. Questions 23 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard. 23. A) An employee in the city council at Birmingham. B) Assistant Director of the Admissions Office. C) Head of the Overseas Students Office. D) Secretary of Birmingham Medical School. 24. A) Nearly fifty percent are foreigners. B) About fifteen percent are from Africa. C) A large majority are from Latin America. D) A small number are from the Far East. 25. A) She will have more contact with students. B) It will bring her capability into fuller play. C) She will be more involved I policy-making. D) It will be less demanding than her present job. Section B Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. Passage One Questions 26 to 28 are based on the passage you have just heard. 26. A) Her parents thrived in the urban environment. B) Her parents left Chicago to work on a farm. C) Her parents immigrated to America. D) Her parents set up an ice-cream store. 131 19 27. A) He taught English in Chicago. B) He was crippled in a car accident. C) He worked to become an executive. D) He was born with a limp. 28. A) She was fond of living an isolated life. B) She was fascinated by American culture. C) She was very generous in offering help. D) She was highly devoted to her family. Passage Two Questions 29 to 32 are based on the passage you have just heard. 29. A) He suffered a nervous breakdown. B) He was wrongly diagnosed. C) He was seriously injured. D) He developed a strange disease. 30. A) He was able to talk again. B) He raced to the nursing home. C) He could tell red and blue apart. D) He could not recognize his wife. 31. A) Twenty-nine days. B) Two and a half months. C) Several minutes. D) Fourteen hours. 32. A) They welcomed the publicity in the media. B) The avoided appearing on television. C) They released a video of his progress. D) They declined to give details of his condition. Passage Three Questions 33 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard. 33. A) For people to share ideas and show farm products. B) For officials to educate the farming community. C) For farmers to exchange their daily necessities. D) For farmers to celebrate their harvests. 34. A) By bringing an animal rarely seen on nearby farms. B) By bringing a bag of grain in exchange for a ticket. C) By offering to do volunteer work at the fair. D) By performing a special skill at the entrance. 35. A) They contribute to the modernization of American farms. B) They help to increase the state governments‘ revenue. C) They provide a stage for people to give performances. D) They remind Americans of the importance of agriculture. Section C Directions: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing 131 20 information. For these blanks, you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the main points in your own words. Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written. Students‘ pressure sometimes comes from their parents. Most parents are well (36) ________, but some of them aren‘t very helpful with the problems their sons and daughters have in (37) ________ to college, and a few of them seem to go out of their way to add to their children‘s difficulties. For one thing, parents are often not (38) ________ of the kinds of problems their children face. They don‘t realize that the (39) ________ is keener, that the required (40) ________ of work are higher, and that their children may not be prepared for the change. (41) ________ to seeing A‘s and B‘s on high school report cards, they may be upset when their children‘s first (42) ________ college grades are below that level. At their kindest, they may gently (43) ________ why John or Mary isn‘t doing better, whether he or she is trying as hard as he or she should, and so on. (44) ________________________________. Sometimes parents regard their children as extensions of themselves and (45) ________________________________. In their involvement and identification with their children, they forget that everyone is different and that each person must develop in his or her own way. They forget that their children, (46) ________________________________. Part IV Reading Comprehension (reading in depth) (25 minutes) Section A Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once. Questions 47 to 56 are based on the following passage. Years ago, doctors often said that pain was a normal part of life. In particular, when older patients __47__ of pain, they were told it was a natural part of aging and they would have to learn to live with it. Times have changed. Today, we take pain __48__. Indeed, pain is now considered the fifth vital sign, as important as blood pressure, temperature, breathing rate and pulse in __49__ a person‘s well-being. We know that chronic (慢性的) pain can disrupt (扰乱) a person‘s life, causing problems that __50__ from missed work to depression. That‘s why a growing number of hospitals now depend upon physicians who __51__ in pain medicine. Not only do we evaluate the cause of the pain, which can help us treat the pain better, but we also help provide comprehensive therapy for depression and other psychological and social __52__ related to chronic pain. Such comprehensive therapy often __53__ the work of social workers, psychiatrists (心理医生) and psychologists, as well as specialists in pain medicine. This modern __54__ for pain management has led to a wealth of innovative treatments which are more effective and with fewer side effects than ever before. Decades ago, there were only a __55__ number of drugs available, and many of them caused __56__ side effects in older people, including dizziness and fatigue. This created a double-edged sword: the medications helped relieve the pain but caused other problems that could be worse than the pain itself. 注意:此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答 A) result B) involves C) significant D) range E) relieved F) issues G) seriously H) magnificent I) determining J) limited K) gravely L) complained M) respect N) prompting O) specialize Section B Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. Passage One Questions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage. I‘ve been writing for most of my life. The book Writing Without Teachers introduced me to one distinction and one practice that has helped my writing processes tremendously. The distinction is between the creative mind and the critical mind. While you need 131 21 to employ both to get to a finished result, they cannot work in parallel no matter how much we might like to think so. Trying to criticize writing on the fly is possibly the single greatest barrier to writing that most of us encounter. If you are listening to that 5th grade English teacher correct your grammar while you are trying to capture a fleeting (稍纵即逝的) thought, the thought will die. If you capture the fleeting thought and simply share it with the world in raw form, no one is likely to understand. You must learn to create first and then criticize if you want to make writing the tool for thinking that it is. The practice that can help you past your learned bad habits of trying to edit as you write is what Elbow calls ―free writing.‖ In free writing, the objective is to get words down on paper non-stop, usually for 15-20 minutes. No stopping, no going back, no criticizing. The goal is to get the words flowing. As the words begin to flow, the ideas will come from the shadows and let themselves be captured on your notepad or your screen. Now you have raw materials that you can begin to work with using the critical mind that you‘ve persuaded to sit on the side and watch quietly. Most likely, you will believe that this will take more time than you actually have and you will end up staring blankly at the pages as the deadline draws near. Instead of staring at a blank start filling it with words no matter how bad. Halfway through you available time, stop and rework your raw writing into something closer to finished product. Move back and forth until you run out of time and the final result will most likely be far better than your current practices. 注意:此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。 57. When the author says the creative mind and the critical mind ―cannot work in parallel‖ (Line 4, Para. 1) in the writing process, he means ________. A) no one can be both creative and critical B) they cannot be regarded as equally important C) they are in constant conflict with each other D) one cannot use them at the same time 58. What prevents people from writing on is ________. A) putting their ideas in raw form B) attempting to edit as they write C) ignoring grammatical soundness D) trying to capture fleeting thoughts 59. What is the chief objective of the first stage of writing? A) To organize one‘s thoughts logically. B) To choose an appropriate topic. C) To get one‘s ideas down. D) To collect raw materials. 60. One common concern of writers about ―free writing‖ is that ________. A) it overstresses the role of the creative mind B) it takes too much time to edit afterwards C) it may bring about too much criticism D) it does not help them to think clearly 61. In what way does the critical mind help the writer in the writing process? A) It refines his writing into better shape. B) It helps him to come up with new ideas. C) It saves the writing time available to him. D) It allows him to sit on the side and observe. Passage Two I don‘t ever want to talk about being a woman scientist again. There was a time in my life when people asked constantly for stories 131 22 about what it‘s like to work in a field dominated by men. I was never very good at telling those stories because truthfully I never found them interesting. What I do find interesting is the origin of the universe, the shape of space-time and the nature of black holes. At 19, when I began studying astrophysics, it did not bother me in the least to be the only woman in the classroom. But while earning my Ph.D. at MIT and then as a post-doctor doing space research, the issue started to bother me. My every achievement—jobs, research papers, awards—was viewed through the lens of gender (性别) politics. So were my failures. Sometimes, when I was pushed into an argument on left brain versus (相对于) right brain, or nature versus nurture (培育), I would instantly fight fiercely on my behalf and all womankind. Then one day a few years ago, out of my mouth came a sentence that would eventually become my reply to any and all provocations: I don‘t talk about that anymore. It took me 10 years to get back the confidence I had at 19 and to realize that I didn‘t want to deal with gender issues. Why should curing sexism be yet another terrible burden on every female scientist? After all, I don‘t study sociology or political theory. Today I research and teach at Barnard, a women‘s college in New York City. Recently, someone asked me how may of the 45 students in my class were women. You cannot imagine my satisfaction at being able to answer, 45. I know some of my students worry how they will manage their scientific research and a desire for children. And I don‘t dismiss those concerns. Still, I don‘t tell them ―war‖ stories. Instead, I have given them this: the visual of their physics professor heavily pregnant doing physics experiments. And in turn they have given me the image of 45 women driven by a love of science. And that‘s a sight worth talking about. 62. Why doesn‘t the author want to talk about being a woman scientist again? A) She feels unhappy working in male-dominated fields. B) She is fed up with the issue of gender discrimination. C) She is not good at telling stories of the kind. D) She finds space research more important. 63. From Paragraph 2, we can infer that people would attribute the author‘s failures to ________. A) the very fact that she is a woman B) her involvement in gender politics C) her over-confidence as a female astrophysicist D) the burden she bears in a male-dominated society 64. What did the author constantly fight against while doing her Ph.D. and post-doctoral research? A) Lack of confidence in succeeding in space science. B) Unfair accusations from both inside and outside her circle. C) People‘s stereotyped attitude toward female scientists. D) Widespread misconceptions about nature and nurtured. 65. Why does the author feel great satisfaction when talking about her class? A) Female students no longer have to bother about gender issues. B) Her students‘ performance has brought back her confidence. C) Her female students can do just as well as male students. D) More female students are pursuing science than before. 66. What does the image the author presents to her students suggest? A) Women students needn‘t have the concerns of her generation. B) Women have more barriers on their way to academic success. C) Women can balance a career in science and having a family. D) Women now have fewer problems pursuing a science career. Part V Cloze (15 minutes) 131 23 Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D) on the right side of the paper. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. An earthquake hit Kashmir on Oct. 8, 2005. it took some 75,000 lives, __67__ 130,000 and left nearly 3.5 million without food, jobs or homes. __68__ overnight, scores of tent villages bloomed __69__ the region, tended by international aid organizations, military __70__ and aid groups working day and night to shelter the survivors before winter set __71__. Mercifully, the season was mild. But with the __72__ of spring the refugees will be moved again. Camps that __73__ health care, food and shelter for 150,000 survivors have begun to close as they were __74__ intended to be permanent. For most of the refugees, the thought of going back brings __75__ emotions. The past six months have been difficult. Families of __76__ many as 10 people have had to shelter __77__ a single tent and share cookstoves and bathing __78__ with neighbors. ―They are looking forward to the clean water of their rivers,‖ officials say. ―They are __79__ of free fresh fruit. They want to get back to their herds and start __80__ again.‖ But most will be returning to __81__ but heaps of ruins. In many villages, electrical __82__ have not been repaired, nor have roads. Aid workers __83__ that it will take years to rebuild what the earthquake took __84__. And for the thousands of survivors, the __85__ will never be complete. Yet the survivors have to start somewhere. New homes can be built __86__ the stones, bricks and beams of old ones. Spring is coming and it is a good time to start again. 67. A) injured B) ruined C) destroyed D) damaged 68. A) Altogether B) Almost C) Scarcely D) Surely 69. A) among B) above C) amid D) across 70. A) ranks B) equipment C) personnel D) installations 71. A) out B) in C) on D) forth 72. A) falling B) emergence C) arrival D) appearing 73. A) strengthened B) aided C) transferred D) provided 74. A) never B) once C) ever D) yet 75. A) puzzled B) contrasted C) doubled D) mixed 76.A) like B) as C) so D) too 77.A) by B) below C) under D) with 78.A) facilities B) instruments C) implements D) appliances 79.A) seeking B) dreaming C) longing D) searching 80.A) producing B) cultivating C) farming D) nourishing 81.A) anything B) something C) everything D) nothing(C) 82.A) lines B) channels C) paths D) currents 83.A) aside B) away C) up D) evaluate(D) 84. A) aside B) away C) up D) out 85. A) reservation B) retreat C) replacement D) recovery(C) 86. A) from B) through C) upon D) onto Part VI Translation (5 minutes) Directions: Complete the sentences by translating into English the Chinese given in brackets. Please write you translation on Answer Sheet 2. 注意:此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答，只需写出译文部分。 87. The finding of this study failed to ________________________ (将人们的睡眠质量考虑在内). 88. The prevent and treatment of AIDS is ________________________ (我们可以合作的领域). 89. Because of the leg injury, the athlete ________________________ (决定退出比赛). 90. To make donations or for more information, please ________________________ (按以下地址和我们联系). 131 24 91. Please come here at ten tomorrow morning ________________________ (如果你方便的话). 2007年12月四级考试真题 Part ? Writing (30 minutes) Part ? Rading comprehension (Skimming and scanning) (15minutes) Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passsage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1-7, choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B),C) and D). For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage. Univeraities Branch Out As never before in their long story, universities have become instruments of national competition as well as instruments of peace. They are the place of the scientific discoveries that move economies forward, and the primary means of educating the talent required to obtain and maintain competitive advantages. But at the same time, the opening of national borders to the flow of goods, services, information and especially people has made universities a powerful force for global integration, mutual understanding and geopolitical stability. In response to the same forces that have driven the world economy, universities have become More self-consciousy global: seeking students from around the world who represent the entire range of cultures and values, sending their own students abroad to prepare them for global careers, offering courses of study that address the challenges of an interconnected world and collaborative (合作的)research programs to advance science for the benefit of all humanity. Of the forces shaping higher education none is more sweeping than the movement across borders. Over the past three decades the number of students leaving home each year to study abroad has grown at an annual rate of 3.0 percent, from 8000,000 in 1975 to 2.5 million in 2994. Most travel from one developed nation to another, but the flow from developing to developed countries id growing rapidly. The reverse flow, from developed to developing countries, is on the rise, too. Today foreign students earn 30 percent of the doctoral degrees awarded in the United States and 38 percent of those in the United Kingdom. And the number crossing borders for undergraduate study is growing as well, to 8 percent of the undergraduates at America‘s best institutions and 10 percent of all undergraduates in the U.K. In the United States, 20 percent of the newly hired professors in science and engineering are foreign-born, and in China many newly hired faculty hired faculty members at the top research universities received their graduate education abroad. Universities are also encouraging students to spend some of their undergraduate years in another country. In 131 25 Europe, more than 140,000 students participate in the Erasmus program each year, taking courses for credit in one of 2, 2000 participating institutions across the continent. And in the United States, institutions are helping place students in summer internships(实习)abroad to prepare them for global careers. Yale and Harvard have led the way, offering every undergraduate at least one international study or internship opportunity and providing the financial resources to make it possible. Globalization is also reshaping the way research is done. One new trend involves sourcing portions of a research program to another country. Yale professor and Howard Hughes Medical Shanghai‘s Fudan University, in collaboration with faculty colleagues from both schools. The Shanghai center has 95 employees and graduate students working in a 4,300-square-meter laboratory seminars with scientists from both campuses. The arrangement benefits both countries; Xu‘s Yale lab is more productive, thanks to the lower costs of conducing from a word-class scientist and his U.S. team. As a result of its strength in science, the United States has consistently led of the world in the world in the commercialization of major new technologies, from the mainframe computer and integrated circuit of the 1960s to the internet infrastructure(基础设施)and applications software of the 1990s.The link between university-based science and industrial application is often indirect but sometimes highly visible: Silicon Valley was intentionally created by Stanford University, and Route 128 outside Boston has long housed companies spun off from MIT and Harvard. Around the world ,governments have encouraged copying of his model, perhaps most successfully in Cambridge, England, where Microsoft and scores of other leading software and biotechnology companies have set up shop around the university. For all its success, the United States remains deeply hesitant about sustaining the research university model. Most politician recognize the link between investment in science and national Economic strength, but support for research funding has been unsteady. The budget of the National Institutes of Health doubled between 1998 and 2003,but has risen more slowly than inflations since then. Support for the physical sciences and engineering barely kept pace with inflation during that same period. The attempt to make up lost ground is welcome, but the nation would be better served by steady, predictable increases in science funding at the rate of long-term GDP growth, which is on the order of inflation plus 3 percent per year. American politicians have great difficulty recognizing that admitting more foreign students can greatly promote the national interest by increasing international understanding. Adjusted for inflation, public funding for international exchanges and foreign-language study is well below the levels of 40 years ago. In the wake of September 11,changes in the visa process caused a dramatic decline in the number of foreign students seeking admission to U.S. Universities, and a corresponding surge in enrollments in Australia, Singapore and the U .K. Objections from Americans university 131 26 and business leaders led to improvements in the process and a reversal of the decline ,but the United States is still seen by many as unwelcoming to international students. Most Americans recognize that universities contribute to the nation‘s well-being through their scientific research, but many fear that foreign students threaten American competitiveness by taking their knowledge and skills back home. They fail to grasp that welcoming foreign students and like immigrants throughout history-strength the nation; and second, foreign students who study in the United States become ambassadors for many of its most cherished(珍视) values when they return home. Or at least they understand them better. In America as elsewhere, few Instruments of foreign policy are as effective in promoting peace and stability as welcoming international university students. 注意:此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。 1(From the first paragraph we know that present –day universities have become A(more and more research-oriented B(in-service training organizations C(more popularized than ever before D(a powerful force for global integration 2(Over the past three decades, the enrollment of overseas students has increased A(by2.5 million B(by 800,000 C(at an annual rate of 3.9 percent D(at an annual rate of 8 percent 3(In the United States,how many of the newly hired professors in science and engineering are foreign-born? A(10% B(20% C(30% D(38% 4(How do Yale and Harvard prepare their undergraduates for global careers? A(They organize a series of seminars on world economy B(They offer them various courses in international politics C(They arrange for them to participate in the Erasmus program D(They give them chances for international study or internship 5(An example illustrating the general trend of universities‘ globalization is A(Yale‘s collaboration with Fudan University on genetic research B(Yale‘s helping Chinese universities to launch research projects C(Yale‘s student exchange program with European institutions D(Yale‘s establishing branch campuses throughout the world 131 27 6(What do we learn about Silicon Valley from the passage? A(It houses many companies spun off from MIT and Harvard B(It is known to be the birthplace of Microsoft Company C(It was intentionally created by Stanford University D(It is where the Internet infrastructure was built up 7(What is said about the U.S. federal funding for research? A(It has increased by 3 percent B(It has been unsteady for years C(It has been more than sufficient D(It doubled between 1998 and 2003 8(The dramatic decline in the enrollment of foreign students in the U.S after September 11 was caused by 9(Many Americans fear that American competiveness may be threatened by foreign students who will 10(The policy of welcoming foreign students can benefit the U.S. in that the very best of them will stay and Part ? Listening Comprehension (35 minutes) Section A Direction: In his section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A),B),C) and D),and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet2 with a single line through the centre. 注意:此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。 11. A) She used to be in poor health. C) She was somewhat overweight B) She was popular among boys. D) She didn‘t do well at high school. 12. A) At he airport. C) In a booking office. B) In a restaurant. D) At the hotel reception. 13. A) Teaching her son by herself. C) Asking the teacher for extra help. B) Having confidence in her son. D) Telling her son not to worry. 14. A) Have a short break. C) Continue her work outdoors. B) Take two weeks off. D) Go on vacation with the man. 15. A) He is taking care of this twin brother. C) He is worried about Rod‘s health. 131 28 C) He ha been feeling ill all week. D) He has been in perfect condition. 16. A) She sold all her furniture before she moved house. B) She still keeps some old furniture in her new house. C) She plans to put all her old furniture in the basement. D) She brought a new set of furniture from Italy last month. 17. A) The woman wondered why the man didn‘t return the book. B) The woman doesn‘t seem to know what the book is about. C) The woman doesn‘t find the book useful any more. D) The woman forgot lending the book to the man. 18. A) Most of the man‘s friends are athletes. B) Few people share the woman‘s opinion. C) The man doesn‘t look like a sportsman. D) The woman doubts the man‘s athletic ability. Questions 19 to 22 are based on the conversation you have heard. 19. A) She has packed it in one of her bags. B) She has probably left it in a taxi. C) She id going to get it the airport. D) She is afraid that she has lost it. 20) A) It ends in winter. B) It will cost her a lot. C) It will last one week. D) It depends on the weather. 21. A) The plane is taking off soon. B) There might be a traffic jam. C) The taxi is waiting for them. D) There is a lot of stuff to pack. 22. A) At home. B) In the man‘s car. C) At the airport. D) By the side of a taxi. 131 29 Questions 23 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard. 23. A) She is thirsty for promotion. B) She wants a much higher salary. C) She is tired of her present work. D) She wants to save travel expenses. 24. A) Translator. B) Travel agent. C) Language instructor. D) Environment engineer. 25. A) Lively personality and inquiring mind. B) Communication skills and team spirit. C) Devotion and work efficiency. D) Education and experience. Section B Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passage. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a questions. , you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A),B),C)and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. Passage One Questions 26 to 29 are based on the passage you have just heard. 26(A)They care a lot about children. B)They need looking after in their old age. C)They want to enrich their life experience. D)They want children to keep them company. 27. A. They are usually adopted from distant places. B.Their birth infromation is usually kept secret. C.Their birth parents often try to conceal their birth information. D.Their adoptive parents don‘t want them to know their birth parents. 28. A.They generally hold bad feelings towards their birth parents. B.They do not want to hurt the feelings of their adoptive parents. 131 30 C.They have mixed feelings about finding their natural parents. D.They are fully aware of the expenses involved in the search. 29. A.Early adoption makes for closer parent-child relationship. B.Most people prefer to adopt children from overseas. C.Understanding is the key to successful adoption. D.Adoption has much to do with love. Passage Two Questions 30 to 32 are based on the passage you have just heard. 30. A.He suffered from mental illness. B.He bought The washing on post. C.He turned a failing newspaper into a success. D.He was once a reporter for a major newspaper. 31. A.She was the first woman to lead a big U.S.publishing company. B.She got her first job as a teacher at the University of Chicago. C.She committed suicide because of her mental disorder. D.She took over her father‘s position when he died. 32. A.People came to see the role of women in the business world. B.Katharine played a major part in reshaping Americans‘mind. C.American media would be quite different without Katharine. D.Katharine had exerted an important influence on the world. Passage Three Questions 33 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard. 33. A.It‘ll enable them to enjoy the best medical care. B.It‘ll allow them to receive free medical theatment. C.It‘ll protect them from possible financial crises. D.It‘ll preent the doctors from overcharging them. 34(A)They can‘t immediately get back the money paid for their medical cost. B)They have to go through very complicated application procedures. C)They can only visit doctors who speak their native languages. D)They may not be able to receive timely medical treatment. 131 31 35(A)They don‘t have to pay for the medical services. B)They needn‘t pay the entire medical bill at once. C)They must send the receipts to the insurance company promptly. D)They have to pay a much higher price to get an insurance policy. Section C Directions: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information. For these blanks, you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the main points in your own words. Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written. 注意:此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。 More and more of the word‘s population are living in towns or cities. The speed at which cities are growing in the less developed countries is(36) . Between 1920 and 1960 big cities in developed countries(37) two and a half times in size, but in other parts of the world the growth was eight times their size. They(38) size of growth is bad enough, but there are now also very(39) signs of trouble in the (40) of percentages of people living in towns and percentages of people working in industry. During the nineteenth century cities grew as a result of the growth of industry. In Europe the(41) of people living in cities was always smaller than that of the (42) working in factories. Now, however, the(43) is almost always true in the newly industrialized world:(44) . Without a base of people working in industry, these cities cannot pay for their growth;(45) . There has been little opportunity to build water supplies or other facilities. (46) a growth in the number of hopeless and despairing parents and starving children. Part ? Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth) (25 minutes) Section A Directions: In this section(There is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your 131 32 choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once. Questions 47 to 56 are based on the following passage. As war spreads to many comers of the globe, Children sadly have been drawn into the center of conflicts. In Afghanistan, Bosnia, and Colombia, however, groups of children have been taking part in peace education 47 .The children, after learning to resolve conflicts, took on the 48 of peacemakers. The Children‘s Movement for peacemakers was even nominated(提名) or the Nobel peace prize in 1998. Groups of children 49 is peacemakers studied human rights an poverty issues in Colombia, eventually forming a group with five other schools in Bogota known a The Schools of Peace. The classroom 50 opportunities for children to replace angry, violent behaviors with 51 ,peaceful ones. It is in the classroom that caring and respect for each person empowers children to take a step 52 toward becoming peacemakers. Fortunately, educators have access to many online resources that are 53 useful when helping children along the path to peace. The Young Peacemakers Club, started in 1992, provides a Website with resources for teachers and 54 on staring a Kindness Campaign. The World Centers of Compassion for Children International call attention to children‘s rights and how to help the 55 of war. Starting a Peacemakers‘ Club is a praiseworthy venture for a class an one that could spread to other classrooms an ideally affect the culture of the 56 school. 注意:此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。 A) acting I) information B) assuming J) offers C) comprehensive K) projects D) cooperative L) respectively E) entire M) role F) especially N) technology G) forward O) victims H) images Section B Directions: There are 2 passages in this section . Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them are four choices marked A), B), C) and D).You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. Passage One 131 33 Questions 57 to 61 are based on following passage. By almost any measure , there is a boom in Internet-based instruction . In just a few years , 34 percent of American universities have begun offering some form of distance learning (DL), and among the larger schools , it‘s closer to 90 percent . If you doubt the popularity of the trend, you probably haven‘t . It enrolls 90,000 student , a statistic used to support its claim to be the largest private university in the country. While the kinds of instruction offered in these programs will differ, DL usually signifies a course in which the instructions post syllabi(课程大纲), reading assignments , and schedules on Websites , and students send in their assignments by e-mail . Generally speaking , face-to-face communication with an instructor is minimized or eliminated altogether. The attraction for students might at first seem obvious . Primarily , there‘s the convenience promised by courses on the Net: you can do the work, as they say , in your pajamas(睡衣). But figures indicate that the reduced effort results in a reduced commitment to the course . While dropout rates for all freshmen at American universities is around 20 percent , the rate for online students is 35 percent . Students themselves seem to understand the weaknesses inherent in the setup . In a survey conducted for eCornell , the DL division of Cornell University , less than a third of the respondents expected the quality of the online course to be as good as the classroom course. Cleary form the schools perspective , there‘s a lot of money to be saved . Although some of the more ambitious programs require new investments in servers and networks to support collaborative software , most DL courses can run on existing or minimally upgraded(升级)systems . The more students who enroll in a course but don‘t come to campus , the more the school saves on keeping the lights on in the classrooms , paying doorkeepers , and maintaining parking lots , And there‘s evindence that instructors must work harder to run a DL course for a variety of reasons , won‘t be paid any more , and might well be paid less. 57. What is the most striking feature of the University of Phoenix? A) All its courses are offered online. B) Its online courses are of the best quality. C) It boasts the largest number of students on campus D) Anyone taking its online courses is sure to get a degree. 58(According to the passage , distance learning is basically characterized by_____ A) A considerable flexibility in its academic requirements B) The great diversity of students‘ academic backgrounds C) A minimum or total absence of face-to-face instruction 131 34 D) t the casual relationship between students and professors 59. Many students take Internet -based courses mainly because they can_____ A) Earn their academic degrees with much less effort B) Save a great deal on traveling and boarding expenses C) Select courses from various colleges and universities D) Work on the required courses whenever and wherever 60. What accounts for the high drop-out rates for online students? A) There is no strict control over the academic standards of the courses. B) The evaluation system used by online universities is inherently weak. C) There is no mechanism to ensure that they make the required effort. D) Lack of classroom interaction reduces the effectiveness of instruction. 61. According to the passage, universities show great enthusiasm for DL programs for the purpose of_____ A) building up their reputation C) upgrading their teaching facilities B) cutting down on their expenses D) providing convenience for students Passage Two Questions62 to 66 are based on the following passage. In this age of Internet chat, videogames and reality television, there is no shortage of mindless activities to keep a child occupied. Yet, despite the competition, my 8-year-old daughter Rebecca wants to spend her leisure time writing short stories. She wants to enter one of her stories into a writing contest, a competition she won last yes. As a writer I know about winning contest, and about losing them. I know what it is like to work hard on a story only to receive a rejection slip from the publisher. I also know the pressures of trying to live up to a reputation created by previous victories. What if she doesn‘t win the contest again? That‘s the strange thing about being a parent. So many of our own past scars and dashed hopes can surface. A revelation(启示)came last week when I asked her, ―Don‘t you want to win again?‖ ―No,‖ she replied, ―I just want to tell the story of an angel going to first grade.‖ I had just spent weeks correcting her stories as she spontaneously(自由地)told them. Telling myself that I was merely an experienced writer guiding the young writer across the hall, I offered suggestions for characters, conflicts and endings for her tales. The story about a fearful angel starting first trade was quickly ―guided‖ by me into the tale of a little girl with a wild imagination taking her fist music lesson. I had turned her contest into my contest without even realizing it. 131 35 Staying back and giving kids space to grow is not as easy as it looks. Because I konw very little about farm animals who use tools or angels who go to first grade, I had to accept the fact that I was co-opting(借用)my daughter‘s experence. While stepping back was difficult for me, it was certainly a good first step that I will quickly follow with more steps, putting myself far enough away to give her room but close enough to help if asked. All the while I will be reminding myself that children need room to experiment, grow and find their own voices. 62. What do we learn from the first paragraph? A) Children do find lots of fun in many mindless activites. B) Rebecca is much too occupied to enjoy her leisure time. C) Rebecca draws on a lot of online materials for her writing. D) A lot of distractions compete for children‘s time nowadays. 63. What did the author say about her own writing experience? A) She did not quite live up to her reputation as a writer. B) Her way to success was full of pains and frustrations. C) She was constantly under pressure of writing more. D) Most of her stories had been rejected by publishers. 64. Why did Rebecca want to enter this year‘s writing contest? A) She believed she possessed real talent for writing. B) She was sure of winning with her mother‘s help. C) She wanted to share her stories with readers. D) She had won a prize in the previous contest. 65. What‘s the author‘s advice for parents? A) A writing career, though attractive, is not for every child to pursue. B) Children should be allowed freedom to grow through experience. C) Parents should keep an eye on the activities their opinions. Part V Cloze (15 minutes) Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A)，B),C) and D)on the right side of the paper. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. One factor that can influence consumers is 131 36 their mood state. Mood may be defined 67 a 67(A)as C)by temporary and mild positive or negative feeling B)about D)with that is generalized and not tied 68 any particular 68(A)over C)to B)under D)up circumstance. Moods should be 69 from 69(A)derived C)divided B)descended D)distinguished emotions which are usually more intense, 70 to 70(A)related C)attached specific circumstances, and often conscious. B)referred D)associated 71 one sense, the effect of a consumer‘s mood 71(A)On C)In B)Of D)By can be thought of in 72 the same way as can 72(A)thus C)even B)much D)still our reactions to the 73 of our friends—when our 73(A)signal C)view friends are happy and ―up‖, that tends to influence B)gesture D)behavior us positively, 74 when they are ―down‖, that can 74(A)for C)unless B)but D)provided have a 75 impact on us. Similarly, consumers 75(A)relative C)negative B)decisive D)sensitive operating under a 76 mood state tend to react to 76(A)given C)fixed B)granted D)driven stimulate(刺激因素)in a direction 77 with that 77(A)resistant C)insistent mood state. Thus, for example, we should expect B)persistent D)consistent to see 78 in a positive mood state evaluate 78(A)consumer C)retailers B)businessmen D)manufacturers products in more of a 79 manner than they 79(A)casual C)serious B)critical D)favorable would when not in such a state, 80 mood states 80(A)However C)Moreover B)Otherwise D)Nevertheless appear capable of 81 a consumer‘s meomory. 81. A) lifting C) raising B) enhancing D) cultivating 131 37 Moods appear to be 81 influenced by mar- 82. A) readily C) cautiously keting techniques. For example, the rhythm, pitch, B) rarely D) currently and 81 of music has been shown to influence 83. A) step C) band B) speed D) volume Behavior such as the 81 of time spent in 84. A) extent C) scope B) amount D) range Supermarkets or 81 to purchase products. In 85. A) facilities C) reflections Addition, advertising can influence consumers‘ B) capacities D) intensions moods which, in 81 , are capable of influencing 86. A) turn C) detail consumers‘ reactions to products. B) total D) depth Part ? Translation (5 minutes) Directions: Cmplete the sentences by translating into English the Chinese given in brackets. Please write your translation on Answer Sheet 2. 87. (多亏了一系列的新发明)，doctors can treat this disease Successfully. 88. In my sixties, one change I notice is that (我比以前更容易累了). 89. I am going to purchase this course, (无论我要作出什么样的牺牲). 90. I would prefer shopping online to shopping in a department store because (它更加方便和省时). 91. Many Americans live on credit, and their quality of life (是用他们能够借到多少 来衡量的)，not how much they can earn. 2008年6月 Part I Writing (30 minutes) Recreational Activities Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write A Letter of Apology according to the outline given below. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below in Chinese. 1.娱乐活动多种多样 2.娱乐活动可能使人们受益，也可能有危害性 3.作为大学生，我的看法。 Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes) Media Selection for Advertisements After determining the target audience for a product or service, advertising agencies must select the appropriate media for the advertisement. We discuss here the major types of media used in advertising. We focus on attention on 131 38 seven types of advertising: television, newspapers, radio, magazines, out-of-home, Internet, and direct mail. Television Television in an attractive medium for advertising because it delivers mass audiences to advertisers. When you consider that nearly three out of four Americans have seen the game show Who Wants to Be a Millionaire? you can understand the power of television to communicate with a large audience. When advertisers create a brand, for example, they want to impress consumers with the brand and its image. Television provides an ideal vehicle for this type of communication. But television is an expensive medium, and not all advertisers can afford to use it. Television‘s influence on advertising is fourfold. First, narrowcasting means that television channels are seen by an increasingly narrow segment of the audience. the Golf Channel, for instance, is watched by people who play golf. Home and Garden Television is seen by those interested in household improvement projects. Thus, audiences are smaller and more homogeneous (具有共同特点的) than they have been in the past. Second, there is an increase in the number of television channels available to viewers, and thus, advertisers. This had also resulted in an increase in the sheer number of advertisements to which audiences are exposed. Third, digital recording devices allow audience members more control over which commercials they watch. Fourth, control over programming is being passed from the networks to local cable operators and satellite programmers. Newspapers After television, the medium attracting the next largest annual as revenue is newspapers. The New York Times, which reaches a national audience, accounts for $1 billion in ad revenue annually. It has increased its national circulation (发行量) by 40% and is now available for home delivery in 168 cities. Locally, newspapers are the largest advertising medium. Newspapers are a less expensive advertising medium than television and provide a way for advertisers to communicate a longer, more detailed message to their audience than they can through television. Given new production techniques, advertisements can be printed in about 48 hours, meaning newspapers are also a quick way of getting the message out. Newspapers are often the most important form of news for a local community, and they develop a high degree of loyalty from local readers. Radio Advertising on radio continues to grow. Radio is often used in conjunction with outdoor bill-boards (广告牌) and the Internet to reach even more customers than television. Advertisers are likely to use radio because it is a less expensive medium than television, which means advertisers can afford to repeat their ads often. Internet companies are also turning to radio advertising. Radio provides a way for advertisers to communicate with audience members at all times of the day. Consumers listen to radio on their way to school or work, at work, on the way home, and in the evening hours. Two major changes—satellite and Internet radio—will force radio advertisers to adapt their methods. Both of these radio forms allow listeners to tune in stations that are more distant than the local stations they could receive in the past. As a result, radio will increasingly attract target audiences who live many miles apart. Magazines Newsweeklies, women‘s titles, and business magazines have all seen increases in advertising because they attract the high-end market. Magazines are popular with advertisers because of the narrow market that they deliver. A broadcast medium such as network television attracts all types of audience members, but magazine audiences are more homogeneous. If you read Sports Illustrated, for example, you have such in common with the magazine‘s other readers. Advertisers see magazines as an efficient way of reaching target audience members. Advertisers using the print media—magazines and newspapers—will need to adapt to two main changes. First, the Internet will bring larger audiences to local newspapers. These audiences will be more diverse and geographically dispersed (分散) than in the past. Second, advertisers will have to understand how to use an increasing number of magazines for their target audiences. Although some magazines will maintain national audiences, a large number of magazines will entertain narrower audiences. Out-of-home advertising Out-of-home advertising, also called place-based advertising, has become an increasingly effective way of reaching consumers, who are more active than ever before. Many consumers today do not sit at home and watch television. Using billboards, newsstands, and bus shelters for advertising is an effective way of reaching these on-the-go consumers. More consumers travel longer distances to and from work, which also makes out-of-home advertising effective. Technology has changed the nature of the billboard business, making it a more effective medium than in the past. Using the digital printing, billboard companies can print a billboard in 2 hours, compared with 6 days previously. This allows advertisers more variety in the types of messages they create because they can change their messages more quickly. Internet As consumers become more comfortable with online shopping, advertisers will seek to reach this market. As 131 39 consumers get more of their news and information from the Internet, the ability of television and radio to get the word out to consumers will decrease. The challenge to Internet advertisers is to create ads that audience members remember. Internet advertising will play a more prominent role in organizations‘ advertising in the near future. Internet audiences tend to be quite homogeneous, but small. Advertisers will have to adjust their methods to reach these audiences and will have to adapt their persuasive strategies to the inline medium as well. Direct mail A final advertising medium is direct mail, which uses mailings to consumers to communicate a client‘s message. Direct mail includes newsletters, postcards, and special promotion. Direct mail is an effective way to build relationships with consumers. For many businesses, direct mail is the most effective form of advertising. 1. Television is an attractive advertising medium in that ________. A) it has large audiences C) it helps build up a company‘s reputation B) it appeals to housewives D) it is affordable to most advertisers 2. With the increase in the number of TV channels, ________. A) the cost of TV advertising has decreased B) the number of TV viewers has increased C) advertisers‘ interest in other media has decreased D) the number of TV ads people can see has increased 3. Compare with television, newspapers as an advertising medium _______. A) earn a larger annual ad revenue C) use more production techniques B) convey more detailed messages D) get messages out more effectively 4. Advertising on radio continues to grow because _______. A) more local radio stations have been set up C) it provides easy access to consumers B) modern technology makes it more entertaining D) it has been revolutionized by Internet radio 5. Magazines are seen by advertisers as an efficient way to _______. A) reach target audiences C) attract diverse audiences B) appeal to educated people D) convey all kinds of messages 6. Out-of-home advertising has become more effective because _______. A) billboards can be replaced within two hours C) such ads have been made much more attractive B) consumers travel more now than ever before D) the pace of urban life is much faster nowadays 7. The challenge to Internet advertisers is to create ads that are ________. A) quick to update B) pleasant to look at C) easy to remember D) convenient to access 8. Internet advertisers will have to adjust their methods to reach audiences that tend to be _______. 9. Direct mail is an effective form of advertising for business to develop ________. 10. This passage discusses how advertisers select ________ for advertisements. Part III Listening Comprehension (35 minutes) Section A 11. A) Given his ankle a good rest. C) Continue his regular activities. B) Treat his injury immediately. D) Be careful when climbing steps. 12. A) On a train. B) On a plane. C) In a theater. D) In a restaurant. 13. A) A tragic accident. C) Smith‘s unusual life story. B) A sad occasion. D) Smith‘s sleeping problem. 14. A) Review the detail of all her lessons. C) Talk with her about his learning problems. B) Compare notes with his classmates. D) Focus in the main points of her lectures. 15. A) The man blamed the woman for being careless. B) The man misunderstood the woman‘s apology. C) The woman offered to pay for the man‘s coffee. D) The woman spilt coffee on the man‘s jacket. 16. A) Extremely tedious. C) Lacking a good plot. B) Hard to understand. D) Not worth seeing twice. 17. A) Attending every lecture. C) Reading very extensively. B) Doing lots of homework. D) Using test-taking strategies. 18. A) The digital TV system will offer different programs. B) He is eager to see what the new system is like. C) He thinks it unrealistic to have 500 channels. D) The new TV system may not provide anything better. Questions 19 to 22 are based on the conversation you have just heard. 19. A) A notice by the electricity board. C) The description of a thief in disguise. B) Ads promoting electric appliances. D) A new policy on pensioners‘ welfare. 20. A) Speaking with a proper accent. C) Making friends with them. B) Wearing an official uniform. D) Showing them his ID. 21. A) To be on the alert when being followed. C) Not to let anyone in without an appointment. B) Not to leave senior citizens alone at home. D) To watch out for those from the electricity board. 131 40 22. A) She was robbed near the parking lot. C) The pension she had just drawn was stolen. B) All her money in the bank disappeared. D) She was knocked down in the post office. Questions 23 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard. 23. A) Marketing consultancy. C) Luxury hotel management. B) Professional accountancy. D) Business conference organization. 24. A) Having a good knowledge of its customs. C) Having been to the country before. B) Knowing some key people in tourism. D) Being able to speak Japanese. 25. A) It will bring her potential into full play. C) It will enable her to improve her Chinese. B) It will involve lots of train travel. D) It will give her more chances to visit Japan. Section B Passage One Questions 26 to 28 are based on the conversation you have just heard. 26. A) The lack of time. C) The frustrations at work. B) The quality of life. D) The pressure on working families. 27. A) They were just as busy as people of today. C) They didn‘t complain as much as modern man. B) They saw the importance of collective efforts. D) They lived a hard life by hunting and gathering. 28. A) To look for creative ideas of awarding employees. B) To explore strategies for lowering production costs. C) To seek new approaches to dealing with complaints. D) To find effective ways to give employees flexibility. Passage Two Questions 29 to 31 are based on the conversation you have just heard. 29. A) Family violence. C) Her father‘s disloyalty. B) The Great Depression. D) Her mother‘s bad temper. 30. A) His advanced age. C) His improved financial condition. B) His children‘s efforts. D) His second wife‘s positive influence. 31. A) Love is blind. C) Divorce often has disastrous consequences. B) Love breeds love. D) Happiness is hard to find in blended families. Passage Three Questions 32 to 35 are based on the conversation you have just heard. 32. A) It was located in a park. C) It went bankrupt all of a sudden. B) Its owner died of a heart attack. D) Its potted plants were for lease only. 33. A) Planting some trees in the greenhouse. C) Putting up a Going Out of Business sign. B) Writing a want ad to a local newspaper. D) Helping a customer select some purchases. 34. A) Opening an office in the new office park. C) Developing fresh business opportunities. B) Keeping better relations with her company. D) Building a big greenhouse of his own. 35. A) Owning the greenhouse one day. C) Cultivating more potted plants. B) Securing a job at the office park. D) Finding customers out of town. Section C We‘re now witnessing the emergence of an advanced economy based on information and knowledge. Physical (36) ________, raw materials, and capital are no longer the key (37) ________ in the creation of wealth. Now, the (38) _______ raw material in our economy is knowledge. Tomorrow‘s wealth depends on the development and exchange of knowledge. And (39) _______ entering the workforce offer their knowledge, not their muscles. Knowledge workers get paid for their education and their ability to learn. Knowledge workers (40) ________ in mind work. They deal with symbols: (41) ________, and data. What does all this mean for you? As a future knowledge worker, you can expect to be (42) ________, processing, as well as exchanging information, (43) _______, three out of hour jobs involve some form of mind work, and that number will increase sharply in the future. Management and employees alike (44)_______________________________________________________________________. In the new world of work, you can look forward to being in constant training (45) _______________________________________________________________. And don‘t wait for someone to ―empower‖ you. You have to empower yourself. Part IV Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth) (25 minutes) Section A Some years ago I was offered a writing assignment that would require three months of travel through Europe. I had been abroad a couple of times, but I could hardly _47_ to know my way around the continent. Moreover, my knowledge of foreign languages was _48_ to a little college French. 131 41 I hesitated. How would I, unable to speak the language, _49_ unfamiliar with local geography or transportation systems, set up _50_ and do research? It seemed impossible, and with considerable _51_ I sat down to write a letter begging off. Halfway through, a thought can through my mind: you can learn if you don’t try. So I accepted the assignment. There were some bad _52_. But by the time I had finished the trip I was an experienced traveler. And ever since, I have never hesitated to head for even the most remote of places, without guiders or even _53_ bookings, confident that somehow I will manage. The point is that the new, the different, is almost by definition _54_. But each time you try something, you learn, and as the learning piles up, the world opens to you. I‘ve learned to ski at 40, and flown up the Rhine River in a _55_. And I know I‘ll go on doing such things. It‘s not because I‘m braver or more daring than others. I‘m not. But I‘ll accept anxiety as another name for challenge and I believe I can _56_ wonders. A) accomplish E) constantly I) manufacture M) regret B) advanced F) declare J) moments N) scary C) balloon G) interviews K) news O) totally D) claim H)limited L) reduced Section B Passage One stGlobal warming may or may not be the great environmental crisis of the 21 century, but regardless of whether it is or isn‘t –we won‘t do much about it. We will argue over it and may even, as a nation, make some fairly solemn-sounding commitments to avoid it. But the more dramatic and meaningful these commitments seem, the less likely they are to be observed. Al Gore calls global warming an ―inconvenient truth,‖ as if merely recognizing it could put us on a path to a solution. But the real truth is that we don‘t know enough to relieve global warming, and –without major technological breakthroughs—we can‘t do much about it. From 2003 to 2050, the world‘s population is projected to grow from 6.4 billion to 9.1 billion, a 42% increase. If energy use per person and technology remain the same, total energy use and greenhouse gas emissions (mainly, CO2) will be 42% higher in 2050. but that‘s too low, because societies that grow richer use more energy. We need economic growth unless we condemn the world‘s poor to their present poverty and freeze everyone else‘s living standards. With modest growth, energy use and greenhouse emissions more than double by 2050. No government will adopt rigid restrictions on economic growth and personal freedom (limits on electricity usage, driving and travel) that might cut back global warming. Still, politicians want to show they‘re ―doing something.‖ Consider the Kyoto Protocol (京都议定书). It allowed countries that joined to punish those that didn‘t. But it hasn‘t reduced CO2 emissions (up about 25% since 1990), and many signatories (签字国) didn‘t adopt tough enough policies to hit their 2008-2012 targets. The practical conclusion is that if global warming is a potential disaster, the only solution is new technology. Only an aggressive research and development program might find ways of breaking dependence on fossil fuels or dealing with it. The trouble with the global warming debate is that it has become a moral problem when it‘s really an engineering one. The inconvenient truth is that if we don‘t solve the engineering problem, we‘re helpless. 57. What is said about global warming in the first paragraph? A) It may not prove an environmental crisis at all. C) Serious steps have been taken to avoid or stop it. B) It is an issue requiring world wide commitments. D) Very little will be done to bring it under control. 58. According to the author‘s understanding, what is Al Gore‘s view on global warming? A) It is a reality both people and politicians are unaware of. B) It is a phenomenon that causes us many inconveniences. C) It is a problem that can be solved once it is recognized. D) It is an area we actually have little knowledge about. 59. Green house emissions will more than double by 2050 because of _______. A) economic growth C) wasteful use of energy B) the widening gap between the rich and poor D) the rapid advances of science and technology 60. The author believes that, since the signing of the Kyoto Protocol, ________. A) politicians have started to do something to better the situation B) few nations have adopted real tough measures to limit energy use C) reductions in energy consumption have greatly cut back global warming D) international cooperation has contributed to solving environmental problems 131 42 61. What is the message the author intends to convey? A) Global warming is more of a moral issue than a practical one. B) The ultimate solution to global warming lies in new technology C) The debate over global warming will lead to technological breakthroughs. D) People have to give up certain material comforts to stop global warming. Passage Two Someday a stranger will read your e-mail without your permission or scan the Websites you‘ve visited. Or perhaps someone will casually glance through your credit card purchase or cell phone bills to find out your shopping preferences or calling habits. In fact, it‘s likely some of these things have already happened to you. Who would watch you without your permission? It might be a spouse, a girlfriend, a marketing company, a boss, a cop or a criminal. Whoever it is, they stwill see you in a way you never intended to be seen — the 21 century equivalent of being caught naked. Psychologists tell us boundaries are healthy, that it‘s important to reveal yourself to friends, family and lovers in stages, at appropriate times. But few boundaries remain. The digital bread crumbs (碎屑) you leave everywhere make it easy for strangers to reconstruct who you are, where you are and what you like. In some cases, a simple Google search can reveal what you think. Like it or not, increasingly we live in a world where you simple cannot keep a secret. The key question is: Does that matter? When opinion polls ask Americans about privacy, most say they are concerned about losing it. A survey found an overwhelming pessimism about privacy, with 60 percent of respondents saying they feel their privacy is ―slipping away, and that bothers me.‖ But people say one thing and do another. Only a tiny fraction of Americans change any behaviors in an effort to preserve their privacy. Few people turn down a discount at tollbooths (收费站) to avoid using the EZ-Pass system that can track automobile movements. And few turn down supermarket loyalty cards. Privacy economist Alessandro Acquisti has run a series of tests that reveal people will surrender personal information like Social Security numbers just to get their hands on a pitiful 50-cents-off coupon (优惠券). But privacy does matter – at least sometimes. It‘s like health: When you have it, you don‘t notice it. Only when it‘s gone do you wish you‘d done more to protect it. st62. What does the author mean by saying ―the 21 century equivalent of being caught naked ‖(Lines 3-4, Para.2)? A) People‘s personal information is easily accessed without their knowledge. stB) In the 21 century people try every means to look into others‘ secrets. C) People tend to be more frank with each other in the information age. D) Criminals are easily caught on the spot with advanced technology. 63. What would psychologists advise on the relationships between friends? A) Friends should open their hearts to each other. C) There should be a distance even between friends. B) Friends should always be faithful to each other. D) There should be fewer disputes between friends. 64. Why does the author say ―we live in a world where you simple cannot keep a secret‖ (Line 5, Para.3)? A) Modern society has finally evolved into an open society. B) People leave traces around when using modern technology. C) There are always people who are curious about others‘ affairs. D) Many search engines profit by revealing people‘s identities. 65. What do most Americans do with regard to privacy protection? A) They change behaviors that might disclose their identity. B) They use various loyalty cards for business transactions. C) They rely more and more on electronic devices. D) They talk a lot but hardly do anything about it. 66. According to the passage, privacy is like health in that ________. A) people will make every effort to keep it C) it is something that can easily be lost B) its importance is rarely understood D) people don‘t cherish it until they lose it Part V Cloze (15 minutes) Universities are institution that teach a wide variety of subjects at advanced levels. They also carry out research work aimed _67_ extending man‘s knowledge of these subjects. The emphasis given to each of these functions _68_ from university to university, according to the views of the people in _69_ and according to the resources available. The smaller and newer universities do not _70_ the staff or equipment to carry out the _71_ research projects possible in larger institutions. _72_ most experts agree that some research activity is _73_ to keep the staff and their students in _74_ with the latest developments in their subjects. Most students attend a university mainly to _75_ the knowledge needed for their chosen _76_. Educationists 131 43 believe that this aim should not be the _77_ one. Universities have always aimed to produce men and women _78_ judgment and wisdom as well as knowledge. For this reason, they _79_ students to meet others with differing _80_ and to read widely to _81_ their understanding in many fields of study. _82_ a secondary school course, a student should be interested enough in a subject to enjoy gaining knowledge for its own _83_. He should be prepared to _84_ sacrifices to study his chosen _85_ in depth. He should have an ambition to make some 86 contribution to man‘s knowledge. 67. A) at B) by C) to D) in 68.A) turns B) ranges C) moves D) varies 69.A) prospect B) place C) control D) favor 70.A) occupy B) possess C) involve D) spare 71.A) maximum B) medium C) virtual D) vast 72.A) But B) As C) While D) For 73.A) natural B) essential C) functional D) optional 74.A) coordination B) accordance C) touch D) grasp 75.A) acquire B) accept C) endure D) ensure 76.A) procession B) profession C) possession D) preference 77.A) typical B) true C) mere D) only 78.A) with B) under C) on D) through 79.A) prompt B) provoke C) encourage D) anticipate 80.A) histories B) expressions C) interests D) curiosities 81.A) broaden B) lengthen C) enforce D) specify 82.A) Amid B) After C) Over D) Upon 83.A) object B) course C) effect D) sake 84.A) take B) make C) suffer D) pay 85.A) field B) scope C) target D) goal 86.A) radical B) truthful C) meaningful D) initia 131 44 Part VI Translation (5 minutes) 87. Our efforts will pay off if the results of this research ___________________(能应用于新技术 的开发)。 88. I can‘t boot my computer now. something ___________(一定出了什么毛病) with its operation system. 89. Leaving one‘s job, ________________(不管是什么工作), is a difficult change, even for those who look forward to retiring. 90. __________________________ (与我成长的地方相比), this town is more prosperous and exciting. 91. _________________________________(直到他完成使命) did he realize that he was seriously ill. 2008年12月大学英语四级考试真题 Part I Writing (30 minutes) Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled Limiting the Use of Disposable Plastic Bag. You should write at least 150 words following the outline given below. 1.一次性塑料袋的使用 2.使用一次性塑料袋带来的问题 3.限制一次性塑料袋的意义 Limiting the Use of Disposable Plastic Bag ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes) Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1-7, choose the best answer from the four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. For questions 8 -10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage. That’s enough, kids It was a lovely day at the park and Stella Bianchi was enjoying the sunshine with her two children when a young boy, aged about four, approached her two-year-old son and pushed him to the ground. “I‘d watched him for a little while and my son was the fourth or fifth child he‘d shoved,‖ she says.‖ I went over to them, picked up my son, turned to the boy and said, firmly, ‘No, we don‘t push,‖ What happened next was unexpected. “The boy‘s mother ran toward me from across the park,‖ Stella says,‖ I thought she was coming over to apologize, but instead she started shouting at me for disciplining her child, All I 131 45 did was let him know his behavior was unacceptable. Was I supposed to sit back while her kid did whatever he wanted, hurting other children in the process?‖ Getting your own children to play nice is difficult enough. Dealing with other people‘s children has become a minefield. In my house, jumping on the sofa is not allowed. In my sister‘s house it‘s encouraged. For her, it‘s about kids being kids: ―If you can‘t do it at three, when can you do it?‖ Each of these philosophies is valid and, it has to be said, my son loves visiting his aunt‘s house. But I find myself saying ―no‖ a lot when her kids are over at mine. That‘s OK between sisters but becomes dangerous territory when you‘re talking to the children of friends or acquaintances. “Kids aren‘t all raised the same,‖ agrees Professor Naomi White of Monash University.‖ But there is still an idea that they‘re the property of the parent. We see our children as an extension of ourselves, so if you‘re saying that my child is behaving inappropriately, then that‘s somehow a criticism of me.‖ In those circumstances, it‘s difficult to know whether to approach the child directly or the parent first. There are two schools of thought. “I’d go to the child first,” says Andrew Fuller, author of Tricky Kids. Usually a quiet reminder that ’we don‘t do that here‘ is enough. Kids nave finely tuned antennae (直觉) for how to behave in different settings.” He points out bringing it up with the parent first may make them feel neglectful, which could cause problems. Of course, approaching the child first can bring its own headaches, too. This is why White recommends that you approach the parents first. Raise your concerns with the parents if they‘re there and ask them to deal with it,‖ she says. Asked how to approach a parent in this situation, psychologist Meredith Fuller answers: ―Explain your needs as well as stressing the importance of the friendship. Preface your remarks with something like: ‘I know you‘ll think I‘m silly but in my house I don’t want…‘‖ When it comes to situations where you‘re caring for another child, white is straightforward: ―common sense must prevail. If things don‘t go well, then have a chat.‖ There‘re a couple of new grey areas. Physical punishment, once accepted from any adult, is no longer appropriate. ―A new set of considerations has come to the fore as part of the debate about how we handle children.‖ For Andrew Fuller, the child-centric nature of our society has affected everyone:‖ The rules are different now from when today‘s parents were growing up,‖ he says, ―Adults are scared of saying: ‘don‘t swear‘, or asking a child to stand up on a bus. They‘re worried that there will be conflict if they point these things out – either from older children, or their parents.‖ He sees it as a loss of the sense of common public good and public courtesy (礼貌), and says that adults suffer form it as much as child. Meredith Fuller agrees: ―A code of conduct is hard to create when you‘re living in a world in which everyone is exhausted from overwork and lack of sleep, and a world in which nice people are perceived to finish last.‖ “It‘s about what I‘m doing and what I need,‖ Andrew Fuller says. ‖the days when a kid came home from school and said, ―I got into trouble‖. And dad said, ?you probably deserved it‘. Are over. Now the parents are charging up to the school to have a go at teachers.‖ This jumping to our children‘s defense is part of what fuels the “walking on eggshells” 131 46 feeling that surrounds our dealings with other people‘s children. You know that if you remonstrate(劝诫) with the child, you’re going to have to deal with the parent. It‘s admirable to be protective of our kids, but is it good? “Children have to learn to negotiate the world on their own, within reasonable boundaries,‖ White says. ―I suspect that it‘s only certain sectors of the population doing the running to the school –better –educated parents are probably more likely to be too involved.‖ White believes our notions of a more child-centered, it‘ a way of talking about treating our children like commodities(商品). We‘re centered on them but in ways that reflect positively on us. We treat them as objects whose appearance and achievements are something we can be proud of, rather than serve the best interests of the children.‖ One way over-worked, under-resourced parents show commitment to their children is to leap to their defence. Back at the park, Bianchi‘ intervention(干预) on her son‘ behalf ended in an undignified exchange of insulting words with the other boy‘ mother. As Bianchi approached the park bench where she‘d been sitting, other mums came up to her and congratulated her on taking a stand. ―Apparently the boy had a longstanding reputation for bad behaviour and his mum for even worse behaviour if he was challenged.” Andrew Fuller doesn‘t believe that we should be afraid of dealing with other people‘s kids. ―look at kids that aren‘t your own as a potential minefield,‖ he says. He recommends that we don‘t stay silent over inappropriate behaviour, particularly with regular visitors. 1. What did Stella Bianchi expect the young boy‘s mother to do when she talked to him? A) make an apology B) come over to intervene C) discipline her own boy D) take her own boy away 2. What does the author say about dealing with other people‘s children? A) it‘s important not to hurt them in any way B) it‘s no use trying to stop their wrongdoing C) it‘s advisable to treat them as one‘s own kids D) it‘s possible for one to get into lots of trouble 3. According to professor Naomi white of Monash university, when one‘s kids are criticized, their parents will probably feel___________________________ A) discouraged B) hurt C) puzzled D) overwhelmed 4. What should one do when seeing other people‘s kids misbehave according to Andrew fuller? A) talk to them directly in a mild way B) complain to their parents politely C) simply leave them alone D) punish them lightly 5. Due to the child-centric nature of our society, ______________________ A) parents are worried when their kids swear at them B) people think it improper to criticize kids in public C) people are reluctant to point our kids‘ wrongdoings 131 47 D) many conflicts arise between parents and their kids 6. In a world where everyone is exhausted from over work and lack of sleep,____________________________ A) it‘s easy for people to become impatient B) it‘s difficult to create a code of conduct C) it‘s important to be friendly to everybody D) it‘s hard for people to admire each other 7. How did people use to respond when their kids got into trouble at school? A) they‘d question the teachers B) they‘d charge up to the school C) they‘d tell the kids to clam down D) They‘d put the blame on their kids 8. Professor white believes that the notions of a more child-centred society should be____________________ 9. According to professor white, today‘s parents treat their children as something they___________________ 10. Andrew fuller suggests that , when kids behave inappropriately, people should not______________________ Part III Listening Comprehension (35 minutes) Section A Directions: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D], and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. 11. A)Only true friendship can last long. B)Letter writing is going out of style. C)She keeps in regular touch with her classmates. D)She has lost contact with most of her old friends. 12. A) A painter. C) A porter. B) A mechanic. D) A carpenter. 13. A) Look for a place near her office. C) Make inquiries elsewhere. B) Find a new job down the street. D) Rent the $600 apartment. 14. A) He prefers to wear jeans with a larger waist. B) He has been extremely busy recently. C) He has gained some weight lately. D) He enjoyed going shopping with Jane yesterday. 15. A)The woman possesses a natural for art. B) Women have a better artistic taste than men. C) He isn‘t good at abstract thinking. D) He doesn‘t like abstract paintings. 131 48 16. A) She couldn‘t have left her notebook in the library. B) she may have put her notebook amid the journals. C) she should have made careful notes while doing reading. D) she shouldn‘t have read his notes without his knowing it. 17. A)she wants to get some sleep C) she has a literature class to attend B) she needs time to write a paper D)she is troubled by her sleep problem 18. A)He is confident he will get the job. B)His chance of getting the job is slim. C)It isn‘t easy to find a qualified sales manager. D)The interview didn‘t go as well as he expected. Questions 19 to 21 are based on the conversation you have just heard. 19. A)He can manage his time more flexibly. B)He can renew contact with his old friends. C)He can concentrate on his own projects. D)He can learn to do administrative work. 20. A)Reading its ads in the newspapers. B)Calling its personnel department. C)Contacting its manager. D)Searching its website. 21. A)To cut down its production expenses. B)To solve the problem of staff shortage. C)To improve its administrative efficiency. D)To utilize its retired employees‘ resources. Questions 22 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard. 22. A)Buy a tractor. B)Fix a house. C)See a piece of property. D)Sing a business contract. 23. A)It is only forty miles form where they live. B)It is a small one with a two-bedroom house. C)It was a large garden with fresh vegetables. D)It has a large garden with fresh vegetables. 24. A)Growing potatoes will involve less labor. B)Its soil may not be very suitable for corn. C)It may not be big enough for raising corn. D)Raising potatoes will be more profitable. 25. A)Finances B)Equipment C)Labor D)Profits Section B Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear 131 49 a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. Passage One Questions 26 to 29 are based on the passage you have just heard. 26 A) To introduce the chief of the city‘s police force B)To comment on a talk by a distinguished guest C)To address the issue of community security D)To explain the functions of the city council 27 A)He has distinguished himself in city management B)He is head of the International Police Force C)He completed his higher education abroad D)He holds a master‘s degree in criminology 28 A)To coordinate work among police departments B)To get police officers closer to the local people C)To help the residents in times of emergency D)To enable the police to take prompt action 29 A)Popular B)discouraging C)effective D)controversial Passage Two Questions 30 to 32 are based on the passage you have just heard. 30 A)people differ greatly in their ability to communicate B)there are numerous languages in existence C)Most public languages are inherently vague D)Big gaps exist between private and public languages 31 A)it is a sign of human intelligence B)in improves with constant practice C)it is something we are born with D)it varies from person to person 32 A)how private languages are developed B)how different languages are related C)how people create their languages D)how children learn to use language Passage Three Questions 33 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard. 33 A)she was a tailor B)she was an engineer C)she was an educator D)she was a public speaker 34.A)Basing them on science-fiction movies. B) Including interesting examples in them C) Adjusting them to different audiences D) Focusing on the latest progress in space science 131 50 35.A) Whether spacemen carry weapons B) How spacesuits protect spacemen C) How NASA trains its spacemen D) What spacemen cat and drink Section C Directions: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information. For these blanks, you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the main points in your own words. Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written. Crime is increasing world wide. There is every reason to believe the (36)____will continue through the next few decades. Crime rates have always been high in multicultural, industrialized societies such as the United States, but a new (37) ____has appeared on the world (38)____rapidly rising crime rates in nations that previously reported few(39)____. Street crimes such as robbery, rape (40) ___and auto theft are clearly rising (41)___in eastern European countries such as Hungary and in western European nations such as the united Kingdom. What is driving this crime (42)____?There are no simple answers. Still，there are certain conditions(43) _______with rising crime increasing heterogeneity (混杂) of populations, greater cultural pluralism, higher immigration, democratization of government,(44) _________________________________________________. These conditions are increasingly observable around the world. For instance, cultures that were previously isolated and homogeneous(同种类的) ,such as Japan, Denmark and Greece (45)_______________________. Multiculturalism can be a rewarding, enriching experience, but it can also lead to a clash of values. Heterogeneity in societies will be the rule in the twenty-first century, and (46)_______________________ Part IV Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth) (25 minutes) Section A Question 47-56 A bookless life is an incomplete life. Books influence the depth and breadth of life. They meet the natural______47_____for freedom, for expression, for creativity and beauty of life. Learners, therefore, must have books, and the right type of book, for the satisfaction of their need. Readers turn______48_____ to books because their curiosity concerning all manners of things, their eagerness to share in the experiences of others and their need to ____49 _____ from their own limited environment lead them to find in books food for the mind and the spirit. Through their reading they find a deeper significance to life as books acquaint them with life in the world 131 51 as it was and it is now. They are presented with a __50 _____ of human experiences and come to ___51 ____ other ways of thought and living. And while ____52 ____ their own relationships and responses to life , the readers often find that the ___53__ in their stories are going through similar adjustments, which help to clarify and give significance to their own. Books provide ___54 ____ material for readers‘ imagination to grow. Imagination is a valuable quality and a motivating power, and stimulates achievement. While enriching their imagination, books __55 ____their outlook, develop a fact-finding attitude and train them to use leisure ___56 ___. The social and educational significance of the readers‘ books cannot be overestimated in an academic library. A. Abundant B. Characters C. Communicating D. Completely E. Derive F. Desire G. Diversity H. Escape I. Establishing J. Narrow K. Naturally L. Personnel M. Properly N. Respect O. Widen Section B Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. Passage One Questions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage. If you are a male and you are reading this ,congratulations: you are a survivor .According to statistics .you are more than twice as likely to die of skin cancer than a woman ,and nine times more likely to die of AIDS. Assuming you make it to the end of your natural term, about 78 years for men in Australia, you will die on average five years before a woman. There are many reasons for this-typically, men take more risks than woman and are more likely to drink and smoke but perhaps more importantly, men don‘t go to the doctor. “Men aren‘t seeing doctors as often as they should, ‖ says Dr. Gullotta, ―This is particularly so for the over-40s,when diseases tend to strike.‖ Gullotta says a healthy man should visit the doctor every year or two. For those over 45,it should be at least once a year. Two months ago Gullotta saw a 50-year-old ma who had delayed doing anything about his smoker‘s cough for a year. “When I finally saw him it had already spread and he has since died from lung cancer‖ he says, ―Earlier detection and treatment may not have cured him, but it would have prolonged this life‖ According to a recent survey, 95%of women aged between 15 and early 40s see a doctor once a year, compared to 70% of men in the same age group. “A lot of men think they are invincible (不可战胜的)”Gullotta says “They only come in when a friend drops dead on the golf course and they think” Geez, if it could happen to him. Then there is the ostrich approach,‖ some men are scared of what might be there and would rather not know, ‖ says Dr. Ross Cartmill. “Most men get their cars serviced more regularly than they service their bodies,‖ Cartmill says .He believes most diseases that commonly affect men could be addressed by preventive check-ups. 131 52 Regular check-ups for men would inevitably place strain on the public purse, Cartmill says.‖ But prevention is cheaper in the long run than having to treat the diseases. Besides, the ultimate cost is far greater: it is called premature death.‖ 57.Why does the author congratulate his male readers at the beginning of the passage? A. They are more likely to survive serious diseases today. B. Their average life span has been considerably extended. C. They have lived long enough to read this article. D. They are sure to enjoy a longer and happier live. 58.What does the author state is the most important reason men die five years earlier on average than women? A. men drink and smoke much more than women B. men don‘t seek medical care as often as women C. men aren‘t as cautions as women in face of danger D. men are more likely to suffer from fatal diseases 59. Which of the following best completes the sentence ―Geez, if it could happen to him…‘(line2,para,8)? A. it could happen to me, too B. I should avoid playing golf C. I should consider myself lucky D. it would be a big misfortune 60what does Dr. Ross Cartmill mean by ―the ostrich approach‖(line q para.9) A. a casual attitude towards one‘s health conditions B. a new therapy for certain psychological problems C. refusal to get medical treatment for fear of the pain involved D. unwillingness to find out about one‘s disease because of fear 61. What does Cartmill say about regular check-ups for men? A.They may increase public expenses B.They will save money in the long run C.They may cause psychological strains on men D.They will enable men to live as long as women Passage Two Questions 62 to 66 are based on the following passage. High-quality customer service is preached(宣扬) by many ,but actually keeping customers happy is easier said than done Shoppers seldom complain to the manager or owner of a retail store, but instead will alert their friends, relatives, co-workers, strangers-and anyone who will listen. Store managers are often the last to hear complaints, and often find out only when their regular customers decide t frequent their competitors, according to a study jointly conducted by Verde group and Wharton school “Storytelling hurts retailers and entertains consumers,‖ said Paula Courtney, President of the Verde group.‖ the store loses the customer, but the shopper must also find a replacement.‖ On average, every unhappy customer will complain to at least four other, and will no longer visit the specific store for every dissatisfied customer, a store will lose up to three more due to negative reviews. The resulting ―snowball effect‖ can be disastrous to retailers. 131 53 According to the research, shoppers who purchased clothing encountered the most problems. ranked second and third were grocery and electronics customers. The most common complaints include filled parking lots, cluttered (塞满了的) shelves, overloaded racks, out-of-stock items, long check-out lines, and rude salespeople. During peak shopping hours, some retailers solved the parking problems by getting moonlighting(业余兼职的)local police to work as parking attendants. Some hired flag wavers to direct customers to empty parking spaces. This guidance eliminated the need for customers to circle the parking lot endlessly, and avoided confrontation between those eyeing the same parking space. Retailers can relieve the headaches by redesigning store layouts, pre-stocking sales items, hiring speedy and experienced cashiers, and having sales representatives on hand to answer questions. Most importantly, salespeople should be diplomatic and polite with angry customers. “Retailers who‘re responsive and friendly are more likely to smooth over issues than those who aren‘t so friendly.‖ said Professor Stephen Hoch. ―Maybe something as simple as a greeter at the store entrance would help.‖ Customers can also improve future shopping experiences by filing complaints to the retailer, instead of complaining to the rest of the world. Retailers are hard-pressed to improve when they have no idea what is wrong. 注意:此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答 62. Why are store managers often the last to hear complaints? A Most customers won‘t bother to complain even if they have had unhappy experiences. B Customers would rather relate their unhappy experiences to people around them. C Few customers believe the service will be improved. D Customers have no easy access to store managers. 63. What does Paula Courtney imply by saying ― … the shopper must also find a replacement‖ (Line 2, Para. 4)? A New customers are bound to replace old ones. B It is not likely the shopper can find the same products in other stores. C Most stores provide the same D Not complaining to the manager causes the shopper some trouble too. 64. Shop owners often hire moonlighting police as parking attendants so that shoppers_____ A can stay longer browsing in the store B won‘t have trouble parking their cars C won‘t have any worries about security D can find their cars easily after shopping 65. What contributes most to smoothing over issues with customers? A Manners of the salespeople B Hiring of efficient employees C Huge supply of goods for sale D Design of the store layout. 66. To achieve better shopping experiences, customers are advised to _________. A exert pressure on stores to improve their service B settle their disputes with stores in a diplomatic way 131 54 C voice their dissatisfaction to store managers directly D shop around and make comparisons between stores Part V Cloze (15 minutes) Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked [A], [B], [C]and [D] on the right side of the paper. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. Playing organized sports is such a common experience in the United States that many children and teenagers that them for granted. This is especially true__67__children from families and communities that have the resources needed to organize and__68__sports programs and make sure that there is easy__69__to participation opportunities. Children in low-income families and poor communities are__70__likely to take organized youth sports for granted because they often__71__the resources needed to pay for participation__72__, equipment, and transportation to practices and games__73__ their communities do not have resources to build and__74__sports fields and facilities. Organized youth sports__75__appeared during the early 20th century in the United States and other wealthy nations. They were originally developed__76__some educators and developmental experts__77__that the behavior and character of children were__78__influenced by their social surrounding and everyday experiences. This__79__many people to believe that if you could organize the experiences of children in__80__ways, you could influence the kinds of adults that those children would become. This belief that the social__81__influenced a person‘s overall development was very__82__to people interested in progress and reform in the United States__83__the beginning of the 20th century. It caused them to think about__84__they might control the experiences of children to__85__responsible and productive adults. They believed strongly that democracy depended on responsibility and that a__86__capitalist economy depended on the productivity of worker. 67. A. among B. within C. on D. towards 68. A. spread B. speed C. spur D. sponsor 69. A. access B. entrance C. chance D. route 70 A. little B. less C. more D. much 71. A. shrink B. tighten C. limit D. lack 72. A. bill B accounts C. fees D. fare 73. A. so B. as C. and D. but 74. A. maintain B. sustain C. contain D. entertain 75.A. last B. first C. later D. finally 76.A. before B. while C. until D. when 77.A. realized B. recalled C. expected D. exhibited 78.A. specifically B. excessively C. strongly D. exactly 79. A. moved B. conducted C. put D. led 80. A. precise B. precious C. particular D. peculiar 81.A. engagement B. environment C. state D. status 82.A. encouraging B. disappointing C. upsetting D. surprising 131 55 83.A. for B. with C. over D. at 84.A. what B. how C. whatever D. however 85.A. multiply B. manufacture C. produce D. provide 86.A. growing B. breeding C. raising D. flying Part ? Translation (5 minutes) Directions: Complete the sentences by translating into English the Chinese given in brackets. 87.Medical researchers are painfully aware that there are many problems______________(他们至 今还没有) 88.______________________ (大多数父母所关心的) is providing the best education possible for their children. 89.You‘d better take a sweater with you_____________________________________________ (以防天气变冷) 90.Throught the project, many people have received training and__________________________ (决定自己创业) 91.The anti-virus agent was not known___________________________________(直到一名医生 偶然发现了它) 2009年6月英语四级考试真题与答案 真题: Part I Writing (30 minutes) Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minute to write a short essay on the topic of students selecting their lectures. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given bellow: 1. 越来越多的博物馆免费对外开放的目的是什么, 2. 也会带来一些问题 3. 你的看法, Free admission to museums Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes) Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and 131 56 answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1-7, choose the best answer from the four choices marked A),B),C) and D). For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage. How Do You See Diversity? As a manager, Tiffany is responsible for interviewing applicants for some of the positions with her company .During one interview, she noticed that the candidate never made direct eye contact. She was puzzled and somewhat disappointed because she liked the individual otherwise. He had a perfect resume and gave good responses to her questions, but the fact that he never looked her in the eye said ―untrustworthy,‖ so she decided to offer the job to her second choice. ―It wasn‘t until I attended a diversity workshop that I realized the person we passed over was the perfect person,‖ Tiffany confesses. What she hadn‘t known at the time of the interview was that the candidate‘s ―different‖ behavior was simply a cultural misunderstanding . He was an Asian-American raised in a household where respect for those in authority was shown by averting(避开) your eyes. ―I was just thrown off by the lack of ye contact; not realizing it was cultural,‖ Tiffany says. ―I missed out ,but will not miss that opportunity again.‖ Many of us have had similar encounters with behaviors we perceive as different. As the world becomes smaller and our workplaces more diverse, it is becoming essential to expand our under-standing of others and to reexamine some of our false assumptions . Hire Advantage At a time when hiring qualified people is becoming more difficult ,employers who can eliminate invalid biases(偏爱) from the process have a distinct advantage .My company, Mindsets LLC ,helps organizations and individuals see their own blind spots . A real estate recruiter we worked with illustrates the positive difference such training can make . ―During my Mindsets coaching session ,I was taught how to recruit a diversified workforce. I recruited people from different cultures and skill sets .The agents were able to utilize their full potential and experiences to build up the company .When the real estate market began to change, it was because we had a diverse agent pool that we were able to stay in the real estate market much longer than others in the same profession.‖ Blinded by Gender Dale is an account executive who attended one of my workshops on supervising a diverse workforce . ―Through one of the sessions ,I discovered my personal bias ,‖ he recalls . ―I learned I had not been looking at a person as a whole person , and being open to differences .‖ In his case , the blindness was not about culture but rather 131 57 gender . ―I had a management position open in my department ;and the two finalists were a man and a woman . Had I not attended this workshop , I would have automatically assumed the man was the best candidate because the position required quite a bit of extensive travel . My reasoning would have been that even though both candidates were great and could have been successful in the position , I assumed the woman would have wanted to be home with her children and not travel .‖Dale‘s assumptions are another example of the well-intentioned but incorrect thinking that limits an organization‘s ability to tap into the full potential of a diverse workforce . ―I learned from the class that instead of imposing my gender biases into the situation , I needed to present the full range of duties, responsibilities and expectations to all candidates and allow them to make an informed decision .‖ Dale credits the workshop , ―because it helped me make decisions based on fairness .‖ Year of the Know-It-All Doug is another supervisor who attended one of my workshops .He recalls a major lesson learned from his own employee. ―One of my most embarrassing moments was when I had a Chinese-American employee put in a request to take time off to celebrate Chinese New Year . In my ignorance , I assumed he had his dates wrong , as the first of January had just passed . When I advised him of this , I gave him a long talking-to about turning in requests early with the proper dates . ―He patiently waited , then when I was done , he said he would like Chinese New Year did not begin January first , and that Chinese New Year ,which is tied to the lunar cycle ,is one of the most celebrated holidays on the Chinese calendar . Needless to say , I felt very embarrassed in assuming he had his dates mixed up . But I learned a great deal about assumptions , and that the timing of holidays varies considerably from culture to culture . ―Attending the diversity workshop helped me realize how much I could learn by simply asking questions and creating dialogues with my employees , rather than making assumptions and trying to be a know-it-all ,‖ Doug admits . ―The biggest thing I took away from the workshop is learning how to be more ?inclusive‘ to differences.‖ A better Bottom Line An open mind about diversity not only improves organizations internally , it is profitable as well . These comments from a customer service representative show how an inclusive attitude can improve sales .‖Most of my customers speak English as a second language . One of the best things my company has done is to contract with a language service that offers translations over the phone . It wasn‘t until my boss received Mindsets‘ training that she was able to understand how important inclusiveness was to customer service . As result , our customer base has increased .‖ Once we start to see people as individuals . and discard the stereotypes , we can 131 58 move positively toward inclusiveness for everyone . Diversity is about coming together and taking advantage of our differences and similarities . It is about building better communities and organizations that enhance us as individuals and reinforce our shared humanity . When we begin to question our assumptions and challenge what we think we have learned from our past , from the media, peers , family , friends , etc , we begin to realize that some of our conclusions are flawed(有缺陷的) or contrary to our fundamental values . We need to train our-selves to think differently , shift our mindsets and realize that diversity opens doors for all of us ,creating opportunities in organizations and communities that benefit everyone . 1. What bothered Tiffany during an interview with her candidate? A) He just wouldn‘t look her in the eye. B) He was slow in answering her questions. C) His answers to some of her questions were irrelevant. D) His answers to some of her questions were irrelevant . 2. Tiffany‘s misjudgment about the candidate stemmed from . A) Racial stereotypes. C) Racial stereotypes. B) Invalid personal bias . D) Emphasis on physical appearance 3. What is becoming essential in the course of economic globalization according to the author? A) Hiring qualified technical and management personnel. B) Increasing understanding of people of other cultures. C) Constantly updating knowledge and equipment. D) Expanding domestic and international markets. 4. What kind of organization is Mindsets LLC? A) A real estate agency. C) A cultural exchange organization. B) A personnel training company. D) A hi-tech company 5. After one of the workshops ,account executive Dale realized that . A) He had hired the wrong person. B) He could have done more for his company. C) He had not managed his workforce well. D) He must get rid of his gender bias. 6. What did Dale think of Mindsets LLC‘s workshop? 131 59 A) It was well-intentioned but poorly conducted. B) It tapped into the executives‘ full potential. C) It helped him make fair decisions. D) It met participants‘ diverse needs. 7. How did Doug, a supervisor, respond to a Chinese-American employee‘s request for leave? A) He told him to get the dates right. C)He flatly turned it down B) He demanded an explanation. D)He readily approved it. 8. Doug felt when he realized that his assumption was wrong. 9. After attending Mindsets‘ workshops, the participants came to know the importance of to their business. 10. When we view people as individuals and get rid of stereotypes , we can achieve diversity and benefit from the between us. Part III Listening Comprehension (35 Minutes) Section A Directions: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said .Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once .After each question there will be a pause . During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A),B),C) and D), and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. 11. A) She expected more people at her party. B) She enjoys entertaining small children. C) She threw a surprise party for her friend D) She has always enjoyed great popularity. 12. A) They are not used to living in a cold place. B) They feel lucky to live in Florida. C) They are going to have a holiday. D) They have not booked their air tickets yet. 131 60 13. A) He was pleased to get the medal. C) He used to be a firefighter. B) He was very courageous. D) He was accused of causing a fire. 14. A) Make a profitable investment. C) Get parts for the machine from Japan. B) Buy a new washing machine D) Have the old washing machine fixed. 15. A) He is pleased with his exciting new job. B) He finds the huge workload unbearable. C) He finds his office much too big for him. D) He is not so excited about his new position. 16. A) The woman is going to hold a big party tomorrow. B) The man has no idea what the right thing to do is. C) The woman doesn‘t know how to get to the party. D) The man offers to drive the woman to the party. 17. A) Drawing up a business plan. C) Finalizing a contract. B) Discussing a term paper. D) Reviewing a co-authored article. 18. A) She ordered some paper. C) She chatted online with a friend B) She had the printer repaired. D) She filled in an application form Questions 19 to 22 are based on the conversation you have just heard. 19. A) His health is getting worse. C) His past life upsets him a good deal. B) He can no longer work at sea. D) He has not got the expected pension. 20. A) She passed away years ago. C) She has been working at a clinic. B) She used to work as a model. D) She has been seriously ill for years. 21. A) She has made lots of money as a doctor. B) She is going to take care of her old dad. C) She has never got on with her father. D) She is kind and generous by nature. 22. A) He dines out with his wife every weekend. B) He is excellent but looks had-tempered. C) He does not care about his appearance. D) He is not quite popular with his patients. Questions 23 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard. 131 61 23. A) The man has sent the order to the woman by mistake B) Some of the telephone systems don‘t work properly C) Some of the packs do not contain any manuals. D) The quality of the goods is not up to the standard. 24. A) Send a service engineer to do the repairs. B) Consult her boss about the best solution. C) Pass the man‘s order to the right person. D) The quality of the goods is not up to the standard. 25. A) Ideal. C) Partial B) Temporary D) Creative Section B Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages .At the end of each passage .You will hear some questions. Boss the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A),B),C) and D). Then the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. Passage One Questions 26 to 28 are based on the passage you have just heard. 26. A) It is entertaining. C) It takes lots of time. B) It is a costly hobby. D) It requires training. 27. A) They can harm nearby plants. C) They fight each other for food. B) They may catch some disease. D) They may pollute the environment. 28. A) Place the food on warmer spots. C) Avoid using any contaminated food. B) Use prepared feed mixtures only. D) Continue the feeding till it gets warm. Passage Two Questions 29 to 32 are based on the passage you have just heard. 29. A) He will betray even his best friends. B) He is able to make up good excuses. C) He will lie whenever he wants. D) He tries to achieve his goal at any cost 131 62 30. A) She made him apologize C) She broke up with him. B) She readily forgave him D) She refused to answer his calls. 31. A) Buy her a new set of tires. C) Lend her his batteries. B) Help clean her apartment. D) Move furniture for her. Passage Three Questions 32 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard. 32. A) The atmosphere they live in is rather unreal. B) Their parents put too much pressure on them. C) It‘s hard for them to get along with other kids. D) They have to live in the shadow of their parents. 33. A) He always boasts about his rich father. B) He will grow up to be good for nothing. C) He has too much to know the value of things. D) He is too young to manage his inherited property. 34. A) She wants Amanda to get professional care. B) She has no experience in raising children. C) She wants to show off her wealth. D) She has no time to do it herself. 35. A) The lifestyle depicted in Hollywood movies. B) The worship of money, beauty and pleasure. C) The attention the media focuses on them. D) The pursuing of perfection in performance. Section C Directions : In this section , you will hear a passage three times .When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea . When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information. For these blanks, you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the main points in your own words. Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written . 131 63 Around 120 years ago, Ebbinghaus began his study of memory. He(36) .on studying how quickly the human mind can remember (37) . One result of his research is known as the total time hypothesis(假设), which simply means the amount you learn (38) on the time you spend trying to learn it . This can be taken as our first rule of learning. Although it is usually true that studying for four hours is better than studying for one, there is still the question of how we should use the four hours. For example, is it better to study for four hours (39) or to study for one hour a day for four days in a (40) ?. The answer, as you may have (41) , is that it is better to spread out the study times. This (42) , through which we can learn more (43) .by dividing our practice time, is known as the distribution of practice effect. Thus, (44) . But we‘re not finished yet. We haven‘t considered how we should study over very short periods of time. (45) .Should you look at the same word in rapid succession, or look at the word and then have some delay before you look at it again ?(46) . Part IV Reading Comprehension (reading in depth) (25 minutes) Section A Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once. Questions 47 to 56 are based on the following passage. Every year in the first week of my English class, some students inform me that writhing is too hard. They never write, unless assignments 47 it . They fine the writing process 48 and difficult. How awful to be able to speak in a language but not to write in it- 49 English , with its rich vocabulary . Being able to speak but not write is like living in an 50 mansion(豪宅) and never leaving one small room . When I meet students who think they can‘t write, I know as a teacher my 51 is to show them the rest of the rooms . My task is to build fluency while providing the opportunity inherent in any writing activity to 52 the moral and emotional development of my students . 131 64 One great way to do this is by having students write in a journal in class every day. Writing ability is like strength training. Writing needs to be done 53 , just like exercise ; just as muscles grow stronger with exercise , writing skills improve quickly with writing practice. I often see a rise in student confidence and 54 after only a few weeks of journal writing . Expressing oneself in writing is one of the most important skills I teach to strengthen the whole student. When my students practice journal writing, they are practicing for their future academic, political, and 55 lives . They build skills so that some day they might write a great novel, a piece of sorely needed legislation, or the perfect love letter. Every day that they write in their journals puts them a step 56 to fluency , eloquence (雄辩), and command of language . A) closer I) painful B) daily J) performance C) emotional K) profession D) enhance L) remarkably E) enormous M) require F) especially N) sensitive G) hinder O) urge H) mission Section B Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. Passage One Questions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage. The January fashion show, called FutureFashion , exemplified how far green design has come. Organized by the New York-based nonprofit Earth Pledge, the show inspired many top designers to work with sustainable fabrics for the first time. Several have since made pledges to include organic fabrics in their lines. The designers who undertake green fashion still face many challenges. Scott Hahn, cofounder with Gregory of Rogan and Loomstate, which uses all-organic cotton, says high-quality sustainable materials can still be tough to fine . ―Most designers with existing labels are finding 131 65 there aren‘t comparable fabrics that can just replace what you‘re doing and shat your customers are used to,‖ he says. For example, organic cotton and non-organic cotton are virtually indistinguishable once woven into a dress. But some popular synthetics, like stretch nylon, still have few eco-friendly equivalents. Those who do make the switch are finding they have more support. Last year the influential trade show Designers & Agents stopped charging its participation fee for young green entrepreneurs(企业家) who attend its two springtime shows in Los Angeles and New York and gave special recognition to designers whose collections are at least 25% sustainable . It now counts more than 50 green designers, up from fewer than a dozen two years ago. This week Wal-Mart is set to announce a major initiative aimed at helping cotton farmers go organic: it will buy transitional(过渡型的) cotton at higher prices , thus helping to expand the supply of a key sustainable material . ―Mainstream is about to occur,‖ says Hahn. Some analysts(分析师) are less sure . Among consumers, only 18%are even aware that ecofashion exists, up from 6% four years ago. Natalie Hormilla, a fashion writer, is an example of the unconverted consumer, when asked if she owned any sustainable clothes, she replied: ―Not that I‘m aware of.‖ Like most consumers, she finds little time to shop, and when she does, she‘s on the hunt for ―cute stuff that isn‘t too expensive.‖ By her own admission, green just isn‘t yet on her mind. But –thanks to the combined efforts of designers, retailers and suppliers –one day it will be. 57. What is said about FutureFashion? A) It inspired many leading designers to start going green. B) It showed that designers using organic fabrics would go far. C) It served as an example of how fashion shows should be organized. D) It convinced the public that fashionable clothes should be made durable. 58. According to Scott Hahn, one big challenge to designers who will go organic is that . A) much more time is needed to finish a dress using sustainable materials . B) they have to create new brands for clothes made of organic materials . C) customers have difficulty telling organic from non-organic materials . D) quality organic replacements for synthetics are not readily available . 59. We learn from Paragraph 3 that designers who undertake green fashion . A) can attend various trade shows free . B) are readily recognized by the fashion world C) can buy organic cotton at favorable prices . D) are gaining more and more support . 60. What is Natalie Hormilla‘s attitude toward ecofashion? 131 66 A) She doesn‘t seem to care about it. C) She is doubtful of its practical value. B) She doesn‘t think it is sustainable D) She is very much opposed to the idea 61. What does the author think of green fashion? A) Green products will soon go mainstream. B) It has a very promising future. C) Consumers have the final say. D) It will appeal more to young people. Passage Two Questions 62 to 66 are based on the following passage. Scientists have devised a way to determine roughly where a person has lived using a strand(缕) of hair , a technique that could help track the movements of criminal suspects or unidentified murder victims . The method relies on measuring how chemical variations in drinking water show up in people‘s hair. ―You‘re what you eat and drink, and that‘s recorded in you hair,‖ said Thure Cerling, a geologist at the University of Utah. While U.S diet is relatively identical, water supplies vary. The differences result from weather patterns. The chemical composition of rainfall changes slightly as raid clouds move. Most hydrogen and oxygen atoms in water are stable , but traces of both elements are also present as heavier isotopes (同位素) . The heaviest raid falls first .As a result, storms that form over the Pacific deliver heavier water to California than to Utah. Similar patterns exist throughout the U.S. By measuring the proportion of heavier hydrogen and oxygen isotopes along a strand of hair, scientists can construct a geographic timeline. Each inch of hair corresponds to about two months. Cerling‘s team collected tap water samples from 600 cities and constructed a mop of the regional differences. They checked the accuracy of the map by testing 200 hair samples collected from 65 barber shops. They were able to accurately place the hair samples in broad regions roughly corresponding to the movement of raid systems. ―It‘s not good for pinpointing (精确定位),‖ Cerling said . ―It‘s good f eliminating many possibilities.‖ Todd Park, a local detective, said the method has helped him learn more about an unidentified woman whose skeleton was found near Great Salt Lake. The woman was 5 feet tall. Police recovered 26 bones, a T-shirt and several strands of hair. When Park heard about the research, he gave the hair samples to the researchers. Chemical testing showed that over the two years before her death, she moved about every two months. 131 67 She stayed in the Northwest, although the test could not be more specific than somewhere between eastern Oregon and western Wyoming.or ―It‘s still a substantial area,‖ Park said ―But it narrows it way down for me.‖ 62. What is the scientists‘ new discovery? A) One‘s hair growth has to do with the amount of water they drink. B) A person‘s hair may reveal where they have lived. C) Hair analysis accurately identifies criminal suspects. D) The chemical composition of hair varies from person to person. 63. What does the author mean by ―You‘re what you eat and drink‖ (Line 1, Para.3)? A) Food and drink affect one‘s personality development. B) Food and drink preferences vary with individuals. C) Food and drink leave traces in one‘s body tissues. D) Food and drink are indispensable to one‘s existence. 64. What is said about the rainfall in America‘s West? A) There is much more rainfall in California than in Utah. B) The water it delivers becomes lighter when it moves inland. C) Its chemical composition is less stable than in other areas. D) It gathers more light isotopes as it moves eastward. 65. What did Cerling‘s team produce in their research? A) A map showing the regional differences of tap water. B) A collection of hair samples from various barber shops. C) A method to measure the amount of water in human hair. D) A chart illustrating the movement of the rain system. 66. What is the practical value of Cerling‘s research? A) It helps analyze the quality of water in different regions. B) It helps the police determine where a crime is committed. C) It helps the police narrow down possibilities in detective work. D) It helps identify the drinking habits of the person under investigation. 131 68 Part V Cloze (15 minutes) Kimiyuki Suda should be a perfect customer for Japan‘s car-makers. He‘s a young, 67. A) profit C) income successful executive at an Internet-services B) payment D) budget company in Tokyo and has plenty of disposable 68. A) mostly C) occasionally 67 . He used to own Toyota‘s Hilux Surf, a B) partially D) rarely sport utility vehicle. But now he uses 68 69. A) Therefore C) Otherwise subways and grains . ―It‘s not inconvenient at B) Besides D) th all ,‖ he says 69 , ―having a car is so 20Consequently century.‖ 70. A) drift C) current Suda reflects a worrisome 70 in Japan; B) tide D) trend the automobile is losing its emotional appeal, 71. A) remarkably C) specially 71 among the young ,who prefer to spend their B) essentially D )particularly money on the latest electronic devices. 72 72. A) While C) When mini-cars and luxury foreign brands are still B) Because D) Since popular ,everything in between is 73 .Last 73. A) surging C) slipping years sales fell 6.7 percent, 7.6 percent 74 B) stretching D) shaking you don‘t count the mini-car market . There have 74. A) unless C) as been 75 one-year drops in other B) if D) after nations :sales in Germany fell 9 percent in 2007 75. A) lower C) broader 76 a tax increase . But experts say Japan is B) slighter D) larger 77 in that sales have been decreasing steadily 76. A) liable to C) thanks to 78 time. Since 1990, yearly new-car sales have B) in terms of D) in view of fallen from 7.8 million to 5.4 million units in 77. A) unique C) mysterious 2007. Alarmed by this state of 79 , the Japan B) similar D) strange 78. A) over C) on Automobile Manufacturers Association (JAMA) 79. A) mess C) growth B) against D) behind 80 a comprehensive study of the market in 2006. It B) boom D) decay 80. A) proceeded C) launched found that a 81 wealth gap, demographic(人口结构 B)relieved D) revised 的) changes and 82 lack of interest in cars led 81. A) quickening C) strengthening B) widening D) lengthening Japanese to hold their 82. A) average C) abundant 83 longer , replace their cars with smaller ones 84 B) massive D) general 83. A) labels C) vehicles give up car ownership altogether .JAMA B) cycles D) devices 85 a further sales decline of 1.2 percent this year. 84. A) or C) but B) until D) then Some experts believe that if the trend continues for 85. A) concludes C) reckons much longer , further consolidation (合并) in the B) predicts D) prescribes 86. A) distant C) temporary automotive sector is 86 . B) likely D) immediate 131 69 Part VI Translation (5 minutes) Directions: Complete the sentences by translating into English the Chinese given in brackets. Please write your translation on Answer Sheet 2. 87. Soon after he transferred to the new school , Ali found that he had (很 难跟上班里的同学)in math and English. 88. If she had returned an hour earlier , Mary (就不会被大雨淋湿了). 89. It is said that those who are stressed or working overtime are (更 有可能增加体重). 90. (很多人所没有意识到的) is that Simon is a lover of sports. and football in particular. 91.The study shows that the poor functioning of the human body is (与 缺乏锻炼密切相关) 2009年12月大学英语四级考试真题及答案 Part ? Writing (30 minutes) Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the topic of Creating a Green Campus. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below: 1. 建设绿色校园很重要 2. 绿色校园不仅指绿色的环境„„ 3. 为了建设绿色校园，我们应该„„ Creating a Green Campus Part ? Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes) Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1-7, choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). For question 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage. Colleges taking another look at value of merit-based aid Good grades and high tests scores still matter—a lot—to many colleges as they award financial aid. But with low-income students projected to make up an ever-larger share of the college-bound population in coming years, some schools are re-examining whether that aid, typically known as “merit aid”, is the most effective use of precious institutional dollars. George Washington University in Washington, D.C., for example, said last week that it would cut the value of its average merit scholarships by about one-third and reduce the number of recipients(接受者), pouring the savings, about $2.5 million, into need-based aid. Allegheny College in Meadville, Pa., made a similar decision three years ago. Now, Hamilton College in Clinton, N.Y., says it will phase out merit scholarships altogether. No current merit-aid recipients will lose their scholarships, but need-based aid alone will be 131 70 awarded beginning with students entering in fall 2008. Not all colleges offer merit aid; generally, the more selective a school, the less likely it is to do so. Harvard and Princeton, for example, offer generous need-based packages, but many families who don’t meet need eligibility(资格)have been willing to pay whatever they must for a big-name school. For small regional colleges that struggle just to fill seats, merit aid can be an important revenue-builder because many recipients still pay enough tuition dollars over and above the scholarship amount to keep the institution running. But for rankings-conscious schools in between, merit aid has served primarily as a tool to recruit top students and to improve their academic profits. “They’re trying to buy students,” says Skidmore College economist Sandy Baum. Studies show merit aid also tends to benefit disproportionately students who could afford to enroll without it. “As we look to the future, we see a more pressing need to invest in need-based aid,” says Monica Inzer, dean of admission and financial aid at Hamilton, which has offered merit scholarships for 10 years. During that time, it rose in US News & World Report‘s ranking of the best liberal arts colleges, from 25 to 17. Merit aid, which benefited about 75 students a year, or about 4% of its student body, at a cost of about $ 1 million a year, “served us well,” Inzer says, but “to be discounting the price for families that don’t need financial aid doesn’t feel right any more.‖ Need-based aid remains by far the largest share of all student aid, which includes state, federal and institutional grants. But merit aid, offered primarily by schools and states, is growing faster, both overall and at the institutional level. Between 1995-96 and 2003-04, institutional merit aid alone increased 212%, compared with 47% for need-based grants. At least 15 states also offer merit aid, typically in a bid to enroll top students in the state’s public institutions. But in recent years, a growing chorus(异口同声)of critics has begun pressuring schools to drop the practice. Recent decisions by Hamilton and others may be “a sign that people are starting to realize that there’s this destructive competition going on,” says Baum, co-author of a recent College Report that raises concerns about the role of institutional aid not based on need. David Laird, president of the Minnesota Private College Council, says many of his schools would like to reduce their merit aid but fear that in doing so, they would lose top students to their competitors. “No one can take one-sided action,” says Laird, who is exploring whether to seek an exemption(豁免)from federal anti-trust laws so member colleges can discuss how they could jointly reduce merit aid, “This is a merry-go-round that’s going very fast, and none of the institutions believe they can sustain the risks of trying to break away by themselves.‖ A complicating factor is that merit aid has become so popular with middle-income families, who don’t qualify for need-based aid, that many have come to depend on it. And, as tuitions continue to increase, the line between merit and need blurs. That’s one reason Allegheny College doesn’t plan to drop merit aid entirely. “We still believe in rewarding superior achievements and know that these top students truly value the scholarship,” says Scott Friedhoff, Allegheny’s vice president for enrollment. Emory University in Atlanta, which boasts a $4.7 billion endowment(捐赠), meanwhile, is 131 71 taking another approach. This year, it announced it would eliminate loans for needy students and cap them for middle-income families. At the same time, it would expand its 28-year-old merit program. “Yeah, we’re playing the merit game,” acknowledges Tom Lancaster, associate dean for undergraduate education. But it has its strong point, too, he says. “The fact of the matter is, it’s not just about the lowest-income people. It’s the average American middle-class family who‘s being priced out of the market.‖ *A few words about merit-based aid: Merit-based aid is aid offered to students who achieve excellence in a given area, and is generally known as academic, athletic and artistic merit scholarships. Academic merit scholarships are based on students’ grades, GPA and overall academic performance during high school. They are typically meant for students going straight to college right after high school. However, there are scholarships for current college students with exceptional grades as well. These merit scholarships usually help students pay tuition bills, and they can be renewed each year as long as the recipients continue to qualify. In some cases, students may need to be recommended by their school or a teacher as part of the qualification process. Athletic merit scholarships are meant for students that excel(突出)in sports of any kind, from football to track and field events. Recommendation for these scholarships is required, since exceptional athletic performance has to be recognized by a coach or a referee(裁判). Applicants need to send in a tape containing their best performance. Artistic merit scholarships require that applicants excel in a given artistic area. This generally includes any creative field such as art, design, fashion, music, dance or writing. Applying for artistic merit scholarships usually requires that students submit a portfolio(选辑)of some sort, whether that includes a collection of artwork, a recording of a musical performance or a video of them dancing. 1. With more and more low-income students pursuing higher education, a number of colleges are ________. A) offering students more merit-based aid B) revising their financial aid policies C) increasing the amount of financial aid D) changing their admission processes 2. What did Allegheny College in Meadville do three years ago? A) It tried to implement a novel financial aid program. B) It added $ 2.5 million to its need-based aid program. C) It phased out its merit-based scholarships altogether. D) It cuts its merit-based aid to help the needy students. 3. The chief purpose of rankings-conscious colleges in offering merit aid is to ______. A) improve teaching quality B) boost their enrollments C) attract good students D) increase their revenues 4. Monica Inzer, dean of admission and financial aid at Hamilton, believes ______. A) it doesn’t pay to spend $ 1 million a year to raise its ranking B) it gives students motivation to award academic achievements C) it’s illogical to use so much money on only 4% of its students D) it’s not right to give aid to those who can afford the tuition 5. In recent years, merit-based aid has increased much faster than need-based aid due to 131 72 ______. A) more government funding to colleges B) fierce competition among institutions C) the increasing number of top students D) schools’ improved financial situations 6. What is the attitude of many private colleges toward merit aid, according to David Laird? A) They would like to see it reduced. B) They regard it as a necessary evil. C) They think it does more harm than good. D) They consider it unfair to middle-class families. 7. Why doesn’t Allegheny College plan to drop merit aid entirely? A) Raising tuitions have made college unaffordable for middle-class families. B) With rising incomes, fewer students are applying for need-based aid. C) Many students from middle-income families have come to rely on it. D) Rising incomes have disqualified many students for need-based aid. 8. Annual renewal of academic merit scholarships depends on whether the recipients remain ______. 9. Applicants for athletic merit scholarships need a recommendation from a coach or a referee who ______ their exceptional athletic performance. 10. Applicants for artistic merit scholarships must produce evidence to show their ______ in a particular artistic field Part ? Listening Comprehension (35 minutes) Section A Directions: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which the best answer is. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. Questions 11 to 18 are based on the conversation you have just heard. 11. A) Get some small change. B) Find a shopping center. C) Cash a check at a bank. D) Find a parking meter. 12. A) Shopping with his son. B) Buying a gift for a child. C) Promoting a new product. D) Bargaining with a salesgirl. 13. A) Taking photographs. B) Enhancing images. C) Mending cameras. D) Painting pictures. 14. A) He moved to Baltimore when he was young. B) He can provide little useful information. C) He will show the woman around Baltimore. D) He will ask someone else to help the woman. 15. A) He is rather disappointed. B) He is highly ambitious. C) He can’t face up to the situation D) He knows his own limitation. 16. A) She must have paid a lot B) She is known to have a terrific figure. C) Her gym exercise has yielded good results. D) Her effort to keep fit is really praiseworthy. 17. A) Female students are unfit for studying physics. 131 73 B) He can serve as the woman’s tutor. C) Physics is an important course at school. D) The professor’s suggestion is constructive. 18. A) Indifferent. B) Doubtful. C) Pleased. D) Surprised. Questions 19 to 22 are based on the conversation you have just heard. 19. A) He prefers the smaller evening classes. B) He has signed up for a day course. C) He has to work during the day. D) He finds the evening course cheaper. 20. A) Learn a computer language. B) Learn data processing. C) Buy some computer software. D) Buy a few coursebooks. 21. A) Thursday evening, from 7:00 to 9:45. B) From September 1 to New Year’s eve. C) Every Monday, lasting for 12 weeks. D) Three hours a week, 45 hours in total. 22. A) What to bring for registration. B) Where to attend the class. C) How he can get to Frost Hall. D) Whether he can use a check. Questions 23 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard. 23. A) A training coach. B) A trading adviser. C) A professional manager. D) A financial trader. 24. A) He can save on living expenses. B) He considers cooking creative. C) He can enjoy healthier food. D) He thinks take-away is tasteless. 25. A) It is something inevitable. B) It is frustrating sometimes. C) It takes patience to manage. D) It can be a good thing. Section B Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. Passage One Questions 26 to 28 are based on the passage you have just heard. 26. A) There were no planets without moons. B) There was no air or water on Jupiter. C) Life was not possible in outer space. D) The mystery of life could not be resolved. 27. A) It has a number of active volcanoes. B) It has an atmosphere like the earth’s. C) It has a large ocean under its surface. D) It has deep caves several miles long. 28. A) Light is not an essential element to it. B) Life can form in very hot temperatures. C) Every form of life undergoes evolution. D) Oxygen is not needed for some life forms. Passage Two Questions 29 to 31 are based on the passage you have just heard. 29. A) Whether they should take the child home. B) What Dr. Mayer’s instructions exactly were. C) Who should take care of the child at home. D) When the child would completely recover. 30. A) She encourages them to ask questions when in doubt. B) She makes them write down all her instructions. C) She has them act out what they are to do at home. D) She asks them to repeat what they are supposed to do. 131 74 31. A) It lacks the stability of the printed word. B) It contains many grammatical errors. C) It is heavily dependent on the context. D) It facilitates interpe Passage Three Questions 33 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard. 32. A) Job security. B) Good labour relations. C) Challenging work. D) Attractive wages and benefits. 33. A) Many tedious jobs continue to be done manually. B) More and more unskilled workers will lose jobs. C) Computers will change the nature of many jobs. D) Boring jobs will gradually be made enjoyable. 34. A) Offer them chances of promotion. B) Improve their working conditions. C) Encourage them to compete with each other. D) Give them responsibilities as part of a team. 35. A) They will not bring real benefits to the staff. B) They concern a small number of people only. C) They are arbitrarily set by the administrators. D) They are beyond the control of ordinary workers. Section C Directions: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information. For these blanks, you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the main points in your own words. Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written. In the humanities, authors write to inform you in many ways. These methods can be (36) ______ into three types of informational writing: factual, descriptive, and process. Factual writing provides (37) ______ information on an author, composer, or artist or on a type of music, literature, or art. Examples of factual writing include notes on a book jacket or (38) ______ cover and longer pieces, such as an article describing a style of music which you might read in a music (39) ______ course. This kind of writing provides a (40) ______ for your study of the humanities. As its name (41) ______, descriptive writing simply describes, or provides an (42) ______ of, a piece of music, art, or literature. For example, descriptive writing might list the colors an artist used in a painting or the (43) ______ a composer included in a musical composition, so as to make pictures or sounds in the reader‘s mind by calling up specific details of the work. (44) ________. Process writing explains a series of actions that bring about a result. (45) ________. This kind of writing is often found in art, where understanding how an art has created a certain effect is important. (46) _________. Part ? Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth) (25 minutes) Section A Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. 131 75 Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once. Questions 47 to 56 are based on the following passage. In families with two working parents, fathers may have more impact on a child’s language development than mothers, a new study suggests. Researchers 47 92 families form 11 child care centers before their children were a year old, interviewing each to establish income, level of education and child care arrangements. Overall, it was a group of well-class families, with married parents both living in the home. When the children were 2, researchers videotaped them at home in free-play sessions with both parents, 48 all of their speech. The study will appear in the November issue of The Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology. The scientists measured the 49 number of utterance (话语) of the parents, the number of different words they used, the complexity of their sentences and other 50 of their speech. On average, fathers spoke less than mothers did, but they did not differ in the length of utterances or proportion of questions asked. Finally, the researchers 51 the children’s speech at age 3, using a standardized language test. The only predictors of high scores on the test were the mother’s level of education, the 52 of child care and the number of different words the father used. The researchers are 53 why the father’s speech, and not the mother’s, had an effect. “It’s well 54 that the mother’s language does have an impact,” said Nadya Pancsofar, the lead author of the study. It could be that the high-functioning mothers in the study had 55 had a strong influence on their children’s speech development, Ms. Pancsofar said, ―or it may be that mothers are 56 in a way we didn‘t measure in the study.‖ 注意:此部分试题在答题卡1上。 A) already B) analyzed C) aspects D) characters E) contributing F) describing G) established H) quality I) quoted J) recording K) recruited L) total M) unconscious N) unsure O) yet Section B Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. Passage One Questions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage. Throughout this long, tense election, everyone has focused on the presidential candidates and how they’ll change America. Rightly so, but selfishly, I’m more fascinated by Michelle Obama and what she might be able to do, not just for this country, but for me as an African-American woman. As the potential First Lady, she would have the world‘s attention. And that means that for the first time people will have a chance to get up close and personal with the type of African-American woman they so rarely see. Usually, the lives of black women go largely unexamined. The prevailing theory seems to be that we’re all hot-tempered single mothers who can’t keep a man. Even in the world of 131 76 make-believe, black women still can’t escape the stereotype of being eye-rolling, oversexed females raised by our never-married, alcoholic (酗酒的) mothers. These images have helped define the way all women are viewed, including Michelle Obama. Before she ever gets the chance to commit to a cause, charity or foundation as First Lady, her most urgent and perhaps most complicated duty may be simple to be herself. It won’t be easy. Because few mainstream publications have done in-depth features on regular African-American women, little is known about who we are, what we think and what we face on a regular basis. For better or worse, Michelle will represent us all. Just as she will have her critics, she will also have millions of fans who usually have little interest in the First Lady. Many African-American blogs have written about what they’d like to see Michelle bring to the White House—mainly showing the world that a black woman can support her man and raise a strong black family. Michelle will have to work to please everyone— an impossible task. But for many African-American women like me, just a little of her poise (沉 着), confidence and intelligence will go a long way in changing an image that‘s been around for far too long. 57. Why does Michelle Obama hold a strong fascination for the author? A) She serves as a role model for African women. B) She possesses many admirable qualities becoming a First Lady. C) She will present to the world a new image of African-American women. D) She will pay closer attention to the interests of African-American women. 58. What is the common stereotype of African-American women according to the author? A) They are victims of violence. B) They are of an inferior violence. C) They use quite a lot of body language. D) They live on charity and social welfare. 59. What do many African-Americans write about in their blogs? A) Whether Michelle can live up to the high expectations of her fans. B) How Michelle should behave as a public figure. C) How proud they are to have a black woman in the White House. D) What Michelle should do as wife and mother in the White House. 60. What does the author say about Michelle Obama as a First Lady? A) However many fans she has, she should remain modest, B) She shouldn’t disappoint the African-American community. C) However hard she tries, she can’t expect to please everybody. D) She will give priority to African-American women’s concerns. 61. What do many African-American women hope Michelle Obama will do? A) Help change the prevailing view about black women. B) Help her husband in the task of changing America. C) Outshine previous First Lady. D) Fully display her fine qualities. Passage Two Questions 62 to 66 are based on the following passage. When next year’s crop of high-school graduates arrive at Oxford University in the fall of 2009, they’ll be joined by a new face; Andrew Hamilton, the 55-year-old provost (教务长) of Yale, who’ll become Oxford’s vice-chancellor—a position equivalent to university president in America. 131 77 Hamilton isn’t the only educator crossing the Atlantic. Schools in France, Egypt, Singapore, etc, have also recently made top-level hires from abroad. Higher education has become a big and competitive business nowadays, and like so many businesses, it’s gone global. Yet the talent flow isn‘t universal. High-level personnel tend to head in only one direction: outward from America. The chief reason is that American schools don’t tend to seriously consider looking abroad. For example, when the board of the University of Colorado searched for a new president, it wanted a leader familiar with the state government, a major source of the university’s budget. “We didn’t do any global consideration,” says Patricia Hayes, the board’s chair. The board ultimately picked Bruce Benson, a 69-year-old Colorado businessman and political activist (活动 家) who is likely to do well in the main task of modern university presidents: fund-raising. Fund-raising is a distinctively American thing, since U.S. schools rely heavily on donations. The fund-raising ability is largely a product of experience and necessity. Many European universities, meanwhile, are still mostly dependent on government funding. But government support has failed to keep pace with rising student number. The decline in government support has made funding-raising an increasing necessary ability among administrators and has hiring committees hungry for Americans. In the past few years, prominent schools around the world have joined the trend. In 2003, when Cambridge University appointed Alison Richard, another former Yale provost, as its vice-chancellor, the university publicly stressed that in her previous job she had overseen ―a major strengthening of Yale‘s financial position.‖ Of course, fund-raising isn’t the only skill outsiders offer. The globalization of education means more universities will be seeking heads with international experience of some kind of promote international programs and attract a global student body. Foreigners can offer a fresh perspective on established practices. 62. What is the current trend in higher education discussed in the passage? A) Institutions worldwide are hiring administrators from the U.S. B) A lot of political activists are being recruited as administrators. C) American universities are enrolling more international students. D) University presidents are paying more attention to funding-raising. 63. What is the chief consideration of American universities when hiring top-level administrators? A) The political correctness. B) Their ability to raise funds. C) Their fame in academic circles. D) Their administrative experience. 64. What do we learn about European universities from the passage? A) The tuitions they charge have been rising considerably. B) Their operation is under strict government supervision. C) They are strengthening their position by globalization. D) Most of their revenues come from the government. 65. Cambridge University appointed Alison Richard as its vice-chancellor chiefly because _____. A) she was known to be good at raising money B) she could help strengthen its ties with Yale C) she knew how to attract students overseas D) she had boosted Yale’s academic status 131 78 66. In what way do top-level administrators from abroad contribute to university development? A) They can enhance the university’s image. B) They will bring with them more international faculty. C) They will view a lot of things from a new perspective. D) They can set up new academic disciplines. Part ? Cloze (15 minutes) Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A), B), C), and D) on the right side of the paper. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. Older people must be given more chances to learn if they are to contribute to society rather than be a financial burden, according to a new study on population published recently. The current people approach which 67 on younger people and on skills for employment is not 68 to meet the challenges of demographic (人口结构的) change, it says. Only 1% of the education budget is 69 spent on the oldest third of the population. The 70 include the fact that most people can expect to spend a third of their lives in 71 , that there are now more people over 59 than under 16 and that 11.3 million people are 72 state pension age. “ 73 needs to continue throughout life. Our historic concentration of policy attention and resources 74 young people cannot meet the new 75 ,” says the report’s author, Professor Stephen McNair. The major 76 of our education budget is spent on people below the age of 25. 77 people are changing their jobs, 78 , partners and lifestyles more often than 79 , they need opportunities to learn at every age 80 , some people are starting new careers in their 50s and later. People need opportunities to make a “midlife review” to 81 to the later stage of employed life, and to plan for the transition (过渡) 82 retirement, which may now happen 83 at any point from 50 to over 90, says McNair. And there should be more money 84 to support people in establishing a 85 of identity and finding constructive 86 for the “third age”, the 20 or more years they will spend in healthy retired life. 67. A) operates B) focuses C) counts D) depends 68. A) superior B) regular C) essential D) adequate 69. A) currently B) barely C) anxiously D) heavily 70. A) regulations B) obstacles C) challenges D) guidelines 71. A) enjoyment B) retirement C) stability D) inability 72. A) over B) after C) across D) beside 73. A) Indentifying B) Learning C) Instructing D) Practicing 74. A) at B) by C) in D) on 75. A) desires B) realms C) needs D) intentions 76. A) measure B) ratio C) area D) portion 77. A) When B) Until C) Whether D) Before 78. A) neighbors B) moods C) homes D) minds 79. A) age B) ever C) previously D) formerly 131 79 80. A) For example B) By contrast C) In particular D) On average 81. A) transform B) yield C) adjust D) suit 82. A) within B) from C) beyond D) to 83. A) unfairly B) unpredictably C) instantly D) indirectly 84. A) reliable B) considerable C) available D) feasible 85. A) sense B) conscience C) project D) definition 86. A) ranks B) assets C) ideals D) roles Part VI Translation (5 minutes) Directions: Complete the sentences by translating into English the Chinese given in brackets. Please write your translation on Answer Sheet 2. 87. You would not have failed if you __________________________(按照我的指令去做). 88. Despite the hardship he encountered, Mark never ______________(放弃对知识的追求). 89. Scientists agree that it will be a long time ______________(我们找到治愈癌症的). 90. Production has to be increased considerably to __________________(与消费者不断增 长的需求保持同步). 91. The more exercise you take,________________________(你越不大可能得感冒). 2010年6月英语四级考试真题 Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the topic of Due Attention Should Be Given To Spelling. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below: 1. 如今不少学生在英语学习中不重视拼写 2. 出现这种情况的原因 3. 为了改变这种状况，我认为… Due Attention Should Be Given To Spelling Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes) Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1-7, choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage. Caught in the Web A few months ago, it wasn't unusual for 47-year-old Carla Toebe to spend 15 hours per day online. She'd wake up early, turn on her laptop and chat on Internet dating sites and instant-messaging programs – leaving her bed for only brief intervals. Her household bills piled up, along with the dishes and dirty laundry, but it took near-constant complaints from her four daughters before she realized she had a problem. "I was starting to feel like my whole world was falling apart – kind of slipping into a depression," said Carla. "I knew that if I didn't get off the dating sites, I'd just keep going," detaching (使脱离) herself further from the outside world. Toebe's conclusion: She felt like she was "addicted" to the Internet. She's not alone. Concern about excessive Internet use isn't new. As far back as 1995, articles in medical journals and the establishment of a Pennsylvania treatment center for overusers generated interest in the subject. There's still no consensus on how much time online constitutes too much or whether addiction is possible. 131 80 But as reliance on the Web grows, there are signs that the question is getting more serious attention: Last month, a study published in CNS Spectrums claimed to be the first large-scale look at excessive Internet use. The American Psychiatric Association may consider listing Internet addiction in the next edition of its diagnostic manual. And scores of online discussion boards have popped up on which people discuss negative experiences tied to too much time on the Web. "There's no question that there're people who're seriously in trouble because they're overdoing their Internet involvement," said psychiatrist (精神科医生) Ivan Goldberg. Goldberg calls the problem a disorder rather than a true addiction. Jonathan Bishop, a researcher in Wales specializing in online communities, is more skeptical. "The Internet is an environment," he said. "You can't be addicted to the environment." Bishop describes the problem as simply a matter of priorities, which can be solved by encouraging people to prioritize other life goals and plans in place of time spent online. The new CNS Spectrums study was based on results of a nationwide telephone survey of more than 2,500 adults. Like the 2005 survey, this one was conducted by Stanford University researchers.About 6% of respondents reported that "their relationships suffered because of excessive Internet use." About 9% attempted to conceal "nonessential Internet use," and nearly 4% reported feeling "preoccupied by the Internet when offline." About 8% said they used the Internet as a way to escape problems, and almost 14% reported they "found it hard to stay away from the Internet for several days at a time." "The Internet problem is still in its infancy," said Elias Aboujaoude, a Stanford professor. No single online activity is to blame for excessive use, he said. "They're online in chat rooms, checking e-mail, or writing blogs. [The problem is] not limited to porn (色情) or gambling" websites. Excessive Internet use should be defined not by the number of hours spent online but "in terms of losses," said Maressa Orzack, a Harvard University professor. "If it's a loss [where] you're not getting to work, and family relationships are breaking down as a result, then it's too much." Since the early 1990s, several clinics have been established in the U. S. to treat heavy Internet users. They include the Center for Internet Addiction Recovery and the Center for Internet Behavior. The website for Orzack's center lists the following among the psychological symptoms of computer addiction: ? Having a sense of well-being (幸福) or excitement while at the computer. ? Longing for more and more time at the computer. ? Neglect of family and friends. ? Feeling empty, depressed or irritable when not at the computer. ? Lying to employers and family about activities. ? Inability to stop the activity. ? Problems with school or job. Physical symptoms listed include dry eyes, backaches, skipping meals, poor personal hygiene (卫生) and sleep disturbances. People who struggle with excessive Internet use maybe depressed or have other mood disorders, Orzack said. When she discusses Internet habits with her patients, they often report that being online offers a "sense of belonging, and escape, excitement [and] fun," she said. "Some 131 81 people say relief…because they find themselves so relaxed." Some parts of the Internet seem to draw people in more than others. Internet gamers spend countless hours competing in games against people from all over the world. One such game, called World of Warcraft, is cited on many sites by posters complaining of a "gaming addiction." Andrew Heidrich, an education network administrator from Sacramento, plays World of Warcraft for about two to four hours every other night, but that's nothing compared with the 40 to 60 hours a week he spent playing online games when he was in college. He cut back only after a full-scale family intervention (干预), in which relatives told him he'd gained weight. "There's this whole culture of competition that sucks people in" with online gaming, said Heidrich, now a father of two. "People do it at the expense of everything that was a constant in their lives." Heidrich now visits websites that discuss gaming addiction regularly "to remind myself to keep my love for online games in check." Toebe also regularly visits a site where posters discuss Internet overuse. In August, when she first realized she had a problem, she posted a message on a Yahoo Internet addiction group with the subject line: "I have an Internet Addiction." "I'm self-employed and need the Internet for my work, but I'm failing to accomplish my work,to take care of my home, to give attention to my children," she wrote in a message sent to the group."I have no money or insurance to get professional help; I can't even pay my mortgage (抵押贷款) and face losing everything." Since then, Toebe said, she has kept her promise to herself to cut back on her Internet use. "I have a boyfriend now, and I'm not interested in online dating," she said by phone last week. "It's a lot better now." 1. What eventually made Carla Toebe realize she was spending too much time on the Internet? A) Her daughter's repeated complaints. B) Fatigue resulting from lack of sleep. C) The poorly managed state of her house. D) The high financial costs adding up. 2. What does the author say about excessive Internet use? A) People should be warned of its harmful consequences. B) It has become virtually inevitable. C) It has been somewhat exaggerated. D) People haven't yet reached agreement on its definition. 3. Jonathan Bishop believes that the Internet overuse problem can be solved if people ______. A) try to improve the Internet environment B) become aware of its serious consequences C) can realize what is important in life D) can reach a consensus on its definition 4. According to Professor Maressa Orzack, Internet use would be considered excessive if ______. A) it seriously affected family relationships B) one visited porn websites frequently C) too much time was spent in chat rooms D) people got involved in online gambling 5. According to Orzack, people who struggle with heavy reliance on the Internet may feel 131 82 ______. A) discouraged B) pressured C) depressed D) puzzled 6. Why did Andre Heidrich cut back online gaming? A) He had lost a lot of money. B) His family had intervened. C) He had offended his relatives. D) His career had been ruined. 7. Andrew Heidrich now visits websites that discuss online gaming addiction to ______. A) improve his online gaming skills B) curb his desire for online gaming C) show how good he is at online gaming D) exchange online gaming experience 8. In one of the messages she posted on a website, Toebe admitted that she ______. 9. Excessive Internet use had rendered Toebe so poor that she couldn't afford to seek ______. 10. Now that she's got a boyfriend, Toebe is no longer crazy about ______. Part III Listening Comprehension (35 minutes) Section A Directions: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said.Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B),C) and D), and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. 11.A) He has proved to be a better reader than the woman. B) He has difficulty understanding the book. C) He cannot get access to the assigned book. D) He cannot finish his assignment before the deadline. 12.A) She will drive the man to the supermarket. B) The man should buy a car of his own. C) The man needn't go shopping every week. D) She can pick the man up at the grocery store. 13.A) Get more food and drinks. B) Ask his friend to come over. C) Tidy up the place. D) Hold a party. 14.A) The talks can be held any day except this Friday. B) He could change his schedule to meet John Smith. C) The first-round talks should start as soon as possible. D) The woman should contact John Smith first. 15.A) He understands the woman's feelings. B) He has gone through a similar experience. 131 83 C) The woman should have gone on the field trip. D) The teacher is just following the regulations. 16.A) She will meet the man halfway. B) She will ask David to talk less. C) She is sorry the man will not come. D) She has to invite David to the party. 17.A) Few students understand Prof. Johnson's lectures. B) Few students meet Prof. Jonson's requirements. C) Many students find Prof. Johnson's lectures boring. D) Many students have dropped Prof. Johnson's class. 18.A) Check their computer files. B) Make some computations. C) Study a computer program. D) Assemble a computer. Questions 19 to 22 are based on the conversation you have just heard. 19.A) It allows him to make a lot of friends. B) It requires him to work long hours. C) It enables him to apply theory to practice. D) It helps him understand people better. 20.A) It is intellectually challenging. B) It requires him to do washing-up all the time. C) It exposes him to oily smoke all day long. D) It demands physical endurance and patience. 21.A) In a hospital. B) At a coffee shop. C) At a laundry. D) In a hotel. 22.A) Getting along well with colleagues. B) Paying attention to every detail. C) Planning everything in advance. D) Knowing the needs of customers. Questions 23 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard. 23.A) The pocket money British children get. B) The annual inflation rate in Britain. C) The things British children spend money on. D) The rising cost of raising a child in Britain. 24.A) It enables children to live better. B) It goes down during economic recession. C) It often rises higher than inflation. D) It has gone up 25% in the past decade. 25.A) Save up for their future education. B) Pay for small personal things. C) Buy their own shoes and socks. D) Make donations when necessary. 来源:考试大-英语四级考试 131 84 Section B Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once.After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. Passage One Questions 26 to 29 are based on the conversation you have just heard. 26.A) District managers. B) Regular customers. C) Sales directors. D) Senior clerks. 27.A) The support provided by the regular clients. B) The initiative shown by the sales representatives. C) The urgency of implementing the company's plans. D) The important part played by district managers. 28.A) Some of them were political-minded. B) Fifty percent of them were female. C) One third of them were senior managers. D) Most of them were rather conservative. 29.A) He used too many quotations. B) He was not gender sensitive. C) He did not keep to the point. D) He spent too much time on details. Passage Two Questions 30 to 32 are based on the passage you have just heard. 30.A) State your problem to the head waiter. B) Demand a discount on the dishes ordered. C) Ask to see the manager politely but firmly. D) Ask the name of the person waiting on you. 31.A) You problem may not be understood correctly. B) You don't know if you are complaining at the right time. C) Your complaint may not reach the person in charge. D) You can't tell how the person on the line is reacting. 32.A) Demand a prompt response. B) Provide all the details. C) Send it by express mail. D) Stick to the point. Passage Three Questions 33 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard. 33.A) Fashion designer B) Architect. C) City planner. D) Engineer. 34.A) Do some volunteer work. 131 85 B) Get a well-paid part-time job. C) Work flexible hours. D) Go back to her previous post. 35.A) Few baby-sitters can be considered trustworthy. B) It will add to the family's financial burden. C) A baby-sitter is no replacement for a mother. D) The children won't get along with a baby-sitter. Section C Directions: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information. For these blanks, you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the main points in your own words. Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written. Almost every child, on the first day he sets foot in a school building, is smarter, more (36)______, less afraid of what he doesn't know, better at finding and (37) ______ things out, more confident, resourceful (机敏的), persistent and (38) ______ than he will ever be again in his schooling – or, unless he is very (39) ______ and very lucky, for the rest of his life. Already, by paying close attention to and (40) ______ with the world and people around him, and without any school-type (41) ______ instruction, he has done a task far more difficult, complicated and (42)______ than anything he will be asked to do in school, or than any of his teachers has done for years. He has solved the (43) ______ of language. He has discovered it – babies don't even know that language exists – and (44) ________________________________________________. He has done it by exploring, by experimenting, by developing his own model of the grammar of language, (45) ________________________________________________ until it does work. And while he has been doing this, he has been learning other things as well, (46) ________________________________________________, and many that are more complicated than the ones they do try to teach him. Part IV Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth) (25 minutes) Section A Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once. Questions 47 to 56 are based on the following passage. When we think of green buildings, we tend to think of new ones – the kind of high-tech, solar-paneled masterpieces that make the covers of architecture magazines. But the U.S. has more than 100 million existing homes, and it would be __47__ wasteful to tear them all down and __48__ them with greener versions. An enormous amount of energy and resources went into the construction of those houses. And it would take an average of 65 years for the __49__ carbon emissions from a new energy-efficient home to make up for the resources lost by destroying an old one. So in the broadest __50__, the greenest home is the one that has already been built. But at 131 86 the same time, nearly half of U. S. carbon emissions come from heating, cooling and __51__ our homes, offices and other buildings. "You can't deal with climate change without dealing with existing buildings," says Richard Moe, the president of the National Trust. With some __52__, the oldest homes tend to be the least energy-efficient. Houses built before 1939 use about 50% more energy per square foot than those built after 2000, mainly due to the tiny cracks and gaps that __53__ over time and let in more outside air. Fortunately, there are a __54__ number of relatively simple changes that can green older homes, from __55__ ones like Lincoln's Cottage to your own postwar home. And efficiency upgrades (升级) can save more than just the earth; they can help __56__ property owners from rising power costs. A) accommodations B) clumsy C) doubtful D) exceptions E) expand F) historic G) incredibly H) powering I) protect J) reduced K) replace L) sense M) shifted N) supplying O) vast Section B Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. Passage One Questions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage. You never see him, but they're with you every time you fly. They record where you are going,how fast you're traveling and whether everything on your airplane is functioning normally. Their ability to withstand almost any disaster makes them seem like something out of a comic book.They're known as the black box. When planes fall from the sky, as a Yemeni airliner did on its way to Comoros Islands in the India ocean June 30, 2009, the black box is the best bet for identifying what went wrong. So when a French submarine (潜水艇) detected the device's homing signal five days later, the discovery marked a huge step toward determining the cause of a tragedy in which 152 passengers were killed. In 1958, Australian scientist David Warren developed a flight-memory recorder that would track basic information like altitude and direction. That was the first mode for a black box, which became a requirement on all U.S. commercial flights by 1960. Early models often failed to withstand crashes, however, so in 1965 the device was completely redesigned and moved to the rear of the plane – the area least subject to impact – from its original position in the landing wells (起落架舱). The same year, the Federal Aviation Authority required that the boxes, which were never actually black, be painted orange or yellow to aid visibility. Modern airplanes have two black boxes: a voice recorder, which tracks pilots' conversations,and a flight-data recorder, which monitors fuel levels, engine noises and other operating functions that help investigators reconstruct the aircraft's final moments. Placed in an insulated (隔绝的) case and surrounded by a quarter-inch-thick panels of stainless steel, the boxes can withstand massive force and temperatures up to 2,000?. When submerged, they're also able to emit signals from depths of 20,000 ft. Experts believe the boxes from Air France Flight 447, which crashed near Brazil on June 1,2009, are in water nearly that deep, but statistics say they're still likely to turn up. In the approximately 20 deep-sea crashes over the past 30 years, only one 131 87 plane's black boxes were never recovered. 57. What does the author say about the black box? A) It ensures the normal functioning of an airplane. B) The idea for its design comes from a comic book. C) Its ability to ward off disasters is incredible. D) It is an indispensable device on an airplane. 58. What information could be found from the black box on the Yemeni airliner? A) Data for analyzing the cause of the crash. B) The total number of passengers on board. C) The scene of the crash and extent of the damage. D) Homing signals sent by the pilot before the crash. 59. Why was the black box redesigned in 1965? A) New materials became available by that time. B) Too much space was needed for its installation. C) The early models often got damaged in the crash. D) The early models didn't provide the needed data. 60. Why did the Federal Aviation Authority require the black boxes be painted orange or yellow? A) To distinguish them from the colour of the plane. B) To caution people to handle them with care. C) To make them easily identifiable. D) To conform to international standards. 61. What do we know about the black boxes from Air France Flight 447? A) There is still a good chance of their being recovered. B) There is an urgent need for them to be reconstructed. C) They have stopped sending homing signals. D) They were destroyed somewhere near Brazil. Passage Two Questions 62 to 66 are based on the following passage. The $11 billion self-help industry is built on the idea that you should turn negative thoughts like "I never do anything right" into positive ones like "I can succeed." But was positive thinking advocate Norman Vincent Peale right? Is there power in positive thinking? Researchers in Canada just published a study in the journal Psychological Science that says trying to get people to think more positively can actually have the opposite effect: it can simply highlight how unhappy they are. The study's authors, Joanne Wood and John Lee of the University of Waterloo and Elaine Perunovic of the University of New Brunswick, begin by citing older research showing that when people get feedback which they believe is overly positive, they actually feel worse, not better. If you tell your dim friend that he has the potential of an Einstein, you're just underlining his faults. In one 1990s experiment, a team including psychologist Joel Cooper of Princeton asked participants to write essays opposing funding for the disabled. When the essayists were later praised for their sympathy, they felt even worse about what they had written. In this experiment, Wood, Lee and Perunovic measured 68 students' self-esteem. The participants were then asked to write down their thoughts and feelings for four minutes. Every 15 131 88 seconds, one group of students heard a bell. When it rang, they were supposed to tell themselves, "I am lovable." Those with low self-esteem didn't feel better after the forced self-affirmation. In fact, their moods turned significantly darker than those of members of the control group, who weren't urged to think positive thoughts. The paper provides support for newer forms of psychotherapy (心理治疗) that urge people to accept their negative thoughts and feelings rather than fight them. In the fighting, we not only often fail but can make things worse. Meditation (静思) techniques, in contrast, can teach people to put their shortcomings into a larger, more realistic perspective. Call it the power of negative thinking. 62. What do we learn from the first paragraph about the self-help industry? A) It is a highly profitable industry. B) It is based on the concept of positive thinking. C) It was established by Norman Vincent Peale. D) It has yielded positive results. 63. What is the finding of the Canadian researchers? A) Encouraging positive thinking many do more harm than good. B) There can be no simple therapy for psychological problems. C) Unhappy people cannot think positively. D) The power of positive thinking is limited. 64. What does the author mean by "… you're just underlining his faults" (Line 4, Para. 3)? A) You are not taking his mistakes seriously enough. B) You are pointing out the errors he has committed. C) You are emphasizing the fact that he is not intelligent. D) You are trying to make him feel better about his faults. 65. What do we learn from the experiment of Wood, Lee and Perunovic? A) It is important for people to continually boost their self-esteem. B) Self-affirmation can bring a positive change to one's mood. C) Forcing a person to think positive thoughts may lower their self-esteem. D) People with low self-esteem seldom write down their true feelings. 66. What do we learn from the last paragraph? A) The effects of positive thinking vary from person to person. B) Meditation may prove to be a good form of psychotherapy. C) Different people tend to have different ways of thinking. D) People can avoid making mistakes through meditation. Part V Cloze (15 minutes) Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D) on the right side of the paper. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. The term e-commerce refers to all commercial transactions conducted over the Internet, including transactions by consumers and business-to-business transactions. Conceptually, e-commerce does not __67__ from well-known commercial offerings such as banking by phone, "mail order" catalogs, or sending a purchase order to supplier __68__ fax.E-commerce follows the 131 89 same model __69__ in other business transactions; the difference __70__ in the details. To a consumer, the most visible form of e-commerce consists __71__ online ordering. A customer begins with a catalog of possible items, __72__ an item, arranges a form of payment, and __73__ an order. Instead of a physical catalog, e-commerce arranges for catalogs to be __74__ on the Internet. Instead of sending an order on paper or by telephone, e-commerce arranges for orders to be sent __75__ a computer network. Finally, instead of sending a paper representation of payment such as a check, e-commerce __76__ one to send payment information electronically. In the decade __77__ 1993, e-commerce grew from an __78__ novelty (新奇事物) to a mainstream business influence. In 1993, few __79__ had a web page, and __80__ a handful allowed one to order products or services online. Ten years __81__, both large and small businesses had web pages, and most __82__ users with the opportunity to place an order. __83__, many banks added online access, __84__ online banking and bill paying became __85__. More importantly, the value of goods and services __86__ over the Internet grew dramatically after 1997. 67.A) distract B) descend C) differ D) derive 68.A) with B) via C) from D) off 69.A) appeared B) used C) resorted D) served 70.A) situates B) lies C) roots D) locates 71.A) on B) of C) for D) to 72.A) reflects B) detects C) protects D) selects 73.A) sends in B) puts out C) stands for D) carries away 74.A) visible B) responsible C) feasible D) sensible 75.A) beside B) over C) beyond D) up 76.A) appeals B) admits C) advocates D) allows 77.A) after B) behind C) until D) toward 78.A) optional B) invalid C) occasional D) insignificant 79.A) communities B) corps C) corporations D) compounds 80.A) largely B) slightly C) solely D) only 81.A) lately B) later C) late D) latter 82.A) offered B) convinced C) equipped D) provided 83.A) Instead B) Nevertheless C) However D) Besides 84.A) and B) or C) but D) though 85.A) different B) flexible C) widespread D) productive 86.A) acquired B) adapted C) practiced D) proceeded Part VI Translation (5 minutes) Directions: Complete the sentences by translating into English the Chinese given in brackets.Please write you translation on Answer Sheet 2. 注意:此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答，只需写出译文部分。 87. Because of the noise outside, Nancy had great difficulty __________________ (集中注 意力在实验上). 88. The manager never laughed; neither __________________ (她也从来没有发过脾气). 89. We look forward to __________________ (被邀请出席开幕式). 90. It is suggested that the air conditioner __________________ (要安装在窗户旁). 131 90 91. The 16-year-old girl decided to travel abroad on her own despite __________________ (她父母的强烈反对). 2010年12月大学英语四级考试真题 Part I Writing (30 minutes) Directions:For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled How Should Parents Help Children to Be Independent? You should write at least 150 words following the outline given below. 1. 目前不少父母为孩子包办一切 2. 为了让孩子独立, 父母应该…… How Should Parents Help Children to Be Independent?. Part II Reading Comprehension(Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes) Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1-7, choose the best answer from the four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage. A Grassroots Remedy Most of us spend our lives seeking the natural world. To this end, we walk the dog, play golf, go fishing, sit in the garden, drink outside rather than inside the pub, have a picnic, live in the suburbs, go to the seaside, buy a weekend place in the country. The most popular leisure activity in Britain is going for a walk. And when joggers (慢跑者) jog, they don‘t run the streets. Every one of them instinctively heads to the park or the river. It is my profound belief that not only do we all need nature, but we all seek nature, whether we know we are doing so or not. But despite this, our children are growing up nature-deprived (丧失). I spent my boyhood climbing trees on Streatham Common, South London. These days, children are robbed of these ancient freedoms, due to problems like crime, traffic, the loss of the open spaces and odd new perceptions about what is best for children, that is to say, things that can be bought, rather than things that can be found. The truth is to be found elsewhere. A study in the US: families had moved to better housing and the children were assessed for ADHD—attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (多动症). Those whose accommodation had more natural views showed an improvement of 19%; those who had the same improvement in material surroundings but no nice view improved just 4%. A study in Sweden indicated that kindergarten children who could play in a natural environment had less illness and greater physical ability than children used only to a normal playground. A US study suggested that when a school gave children access to a natural environment, academic levels were raised across the entire school. Another study found that children play differently in a natural environment. In playgrounds, children create a hierarchy (等级) based on physical abilities, with the tough ones taking the lead. But when a grassy area was planted with bushes, the children got much more into fantasy play, and the social hierarchy was now based on imagination and creativity. Most bullying (恃强凌弱) is found in schools where there is a tarmac (柏油碎石) playground; the least bullying is in a natural area that the children are encouraged to explore. This reminds me unpleasantly of Sunnyhill School in Streatham, with its harsh tarmac, where I used to hang about in corners fantasising about wildlife. 131 91 But children are frequently discouraged from involvement with natural spaces, for health and safety reasons, for fear that they might get dirty or that they might cause damage. So, instead, the damage is done to the children themselves: not to their bodies but to their souls. One of the great problems of modern childhood is ADHD, now increasingly and expensively treated with drugs. Yet one study after another indicates that contact with nature gives huge benefits to ADHD children. However, we spend money on drugs rather than on green places. The life of old people is measurably better when they have access to nature. The increasing emphasis for the growing population of old people is in quality rather than quantity of years. And study after study finds that a garden is the single most important thing in finding that quality. In wider and more difficult areas of life, there is evidence to indicate that natural surroundings improve all kinds of things. Even problems with crime and aggressive behaviour are reduced when there is contact with the natural world. Dr William Bird, researcher from the Royal Society for the Protection of Birds, states in his study, ―A natural environment can reduce violent behaviour because its restorative process helps reduce anger and impulsive behaviour.‖ Wild places need encouraging for this reason, no matter how small their contribution. We tend to look on nature conservation as some kind of favour that human beings are granting to the natural world. The error here is far too deep: not only do humans need nature for themselves, but the very idea that humanity and the natural world are separable things is profoundly damaging. Human beings are a species of mammals (哺乳动物). For seven million years they lived on the planet as part of nature. Our ancestral selves miss the natural world and long for contact with non-human life. Anyone who has patted a dog, stroked a cat, sat under a tree with a pint of beer, given or received a bunch of flowers or chosen to walk through the park on a nice day, understands that. We need the wild world. It is essential to our well-being, our health, our happiness. Without the wild world we are not more but less civilised. Without other living things around us we are less than human. Five ways to find harmony with the natural world Walk: Break the rhythm of permanently being under a roof. Get off a stop earlier, make a circuit of the park at lunchtime, walk the child to and from school, get a dog, feel yourself moving in moving air, look, listen, absorb. Sit: Take a moment, every now and then, to be still in an open space. In the garden, anywhere that‘s not in the office, anywhere out of the house, away from the routine. Sit under a tree, look at water, feel refreshed, ever so slightly renewed. Drink: The best way to enjoy the natural world is by yourself; the second best way is in company. Take a drink outside with a good person, a good gathering: talk with the sun and the wind with birdsong for background. Learn: Expand your boundaries. Learn five species of bird, five butterflies, five trees, five bird songs. That way, you see and hear more: and your mind responds gratefully to the greater amount of wildness in your life. Travel: The places you always wanted to visit: by the seaside, in the country, in the hills. Take a weekend break, a day-trip, get out there and do it: for the scenery, for the way through the woods, for the birds, for the bees. Go somewhere special and bring specialness home. It lasts 131 92 forever, after all. 1. What is the author‘s profound belief? [A] People instinctively seek nature in different ways. [B] People should spend most of their lives in the wild. [C] People have quite different perceptions of nature. [D] People must make more efforts to study nature. 2. What does the author say people prefer for their children nowadays? [A] Personal freedom. [B] Things that are natural. [C] Urban surroundings. [D] Things that are purchased. 3. What does a study in Sweden show? [A] The natural environment can help children learn better. [B] More access to nature makes children less likely to fall ill. [C] A good playground helps kids develop their physical abilities. [D] Natural views can prevent children from developing ADHD. 4. Children who have chances to explore natural areas ________. [A] tend to develop a strong love for science [B] are more likely to fantasise about wildlife [C] tend to be physically tougher in adulthood [D] are less likely to be involved in bullying 5. What does the author suggest we do to help children with ADHD? [A] Find more effective drugs for them. [B] Provide more green spaces for them. [C] Place them under more personal care. [D] Engage them in more meaningful activities. 6. In what way do elderly people benefit from their contact with nature? [A] They look on life optimistically. [C] They are able to live longer. [B] They enjoy a life of better quality. [D] They become good-humoured. 7. Dr William Bird suggests in his study that ________. [A] humanity and nature are complementary to each other [B] wild places may induce impulsive behaviour in people [C] access to nature contributes to the reduction of violence [D] it takes a long time to restore nature once damaged 8. It is extremely harmful to think that humanity and the natural world can be________________________. 9. The author believes that we would not be so civilised without ________________________. 10. The five suggestions the author gives at the end of the passage are meant to encourage people to seek _________________ with the natural world. Part III Listening Comprehension (35 minutes) Section A Directions: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the 131 93 conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D], and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. 11. [A] The man should visit the museums. [C] The beach resort is a good choice. [B] She can‘t stand the hot weather. [D] She enjoys staying in Washington. 12. [A] Her new responsibilities in the company. [B] What her job prospects are. [C] What the customers‘ feedback is. [D] The director‘s opinion of her work. 13. [A] Combine her training with dieting. [B] Repeat the training every three days. [C] Avoid excessive physical training. [D] Include weightlifting in the program. 14. [A] When she will return home. [B] Whether she can go by herself. [C] Whether she can travel by air. [D] When she will completely recover. 15. [A] The woman knows how to deal with the police. [B] The woman had been fined many times before. [C] The woman had violated traffic regulations. [D] The woman is good at finding excuses. 16. [A] Switch off the refrigerator for a while. [B] Have someone repair the refrigerator. [C] Ask the man to fix the refrigerator. [D] Buy a refrigerator of better quality. 17. [A] He owns a piece of land in the downtown area. [B] He has got enough money to buy a house. [C] He can finally do what he has dreamed of. [D] He is moving into a bigger apartment. 18. [A] She is black and blue all over. [B] She has to go to see a doctor. [C] She stayed away from work for a few days. [D] She got hurt in an accident yesterday. Questions 19 to 21 are based on the conversation you have just heard. 19. [A] She was a bank manager. [B] She was a victim of the robbery. [C] She was a defence lawyer. [D] She was a witness to the crime. 20. [A] A tall man with dark hair and a moustache. [B] A youth with a distinguishing mark on his face. [C] A thirty-year-old guy wearing a light sweater. [D] A medium-sized young man carrying a gun. 21. [A] Identify the suspect from pictures. [C] Have her photo taken for their files. 131 94 [B] Go upstairs to sign some document. [D] Verify the record of what she had said. Questions 22 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard. 22. [A] By reading a newspaper ad. [C] By listening to the morning news. [B] By seeing a commercial on TV. [D] By calling an employment service. 23. [A] She could improve her foreign languages. [B] She could work close to her family. [C] She could travel overseas frequently. [D] She could use her previous experiences. 24. [A] Taking management courses. [C] Working as a secretary. [B] Teaching English at a university. [D] Studying for a degree in French. 25. [A] Prepare for an interview in a couple of days. [B] Read the advertisement again for more details. [C] Send in a written application as soon as possible. [D] Get to know the candidates on the short list. Section B Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. Passage One Questions 26 to 29 are based on the passage you have just heard. 26. [A] They cannot see the firefighters because of the smoke. [B] They do not realize the danger they are in. [C] They cannot hear the firefighters for the noise. [D] They mistake the firefighters for monsters. 27. [A] He travels all over America to help put out fires. [B] He often teaches children what to do during a fire. [C] He teaches Spanish in a San Francisco community. [D] He provides oxygen masks to children free of charge. 28. [A] He saved the life of his brother choking on food. [B] He rescued a student from a big fire. [C] He is very good at public speaking. [D] He gives informative talks to young children. 29. [A] Firefighters play an important role in America. [B] Kids should learn not to be afraid of monsters. [C] Carelessness can result in tragedies. [D] Informative speeches can save lives. Passage Two Questions 30 to 32 are based on the passage you have just heard. 30. [A] To satisfy the needs of their family. [B] To fully realize their potential. [C] To make money for early retirement. [D] To gain a sense of their personal worth. 31. [A] They may have to continue to work in old age. 131 95 [B] They may regret the time they wasted. [C] They may have nobody to depend on in the future. [D] They may have fewer job opportunities. 32. [A] Making wise use of your time. [B] Enjoying yourself while you can. [C] Saving as much as you can. [D] Working hard and playing hard. Passage Three Questions 33 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard. 33. [A] Hardworking students being accused of cheating. [B] Boy students being often treated as law-breakers. [C] Innocent people being suspected groundlessly. [D] Junior employees being made to work overtime. 34. [A] Forbidding students to take food out of the restaurant. [B] Requesting customers to pay before taking the food. [C] Asking customers to leave their bags on the counters. [D] Allowing only two students to enter at a time. 35. [A] He was taken to the manager. [C] He was asked to leave. [B] He was closely watched. [D] He was overcharged. Section C Directions: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information. For these blanks, you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the main points in your own words. Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written. Writing keeps us in touch with other people. We write to communicate with relatives and friends. We write to (36) _____________ our family histories so our children and grandchildren can learn and (37) _____________their heritage (传统). With computers and Internet connections in so many (38) _____________, colleges, business, people e-mailing friends and relatives all the time—or talking to them in writing in online (39) _____________ rooms. It is cheaper than calling long distance, and a lot more (40) _____________ than waiting until Sunday for the telephone (41) _____________ to drop. Students are e-mailing their professors to (42) _____________ and discuss their classroom assignments and to (43) _____________ them. They are e-mailing classmates to discuss and collaborate (合作) on homework. (44) __________________________________________________________. Despite the growing importance of computers, however, there will always be a place and need for the personal letter. (45) ____________________________________________________. No matter what the content of the message, its real point is, ―I want you to know that I care about you.‖ (46) ____________________________________________________________________, but only in the success of human relationships. Part ? Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth) (25 minutes) Section A 131 96 Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once. Questions 47 to 56 are based on the following passage. What determines the kind of person you are? What factors make you more or less bold, intelligent, or able to read a map? All of these are influenced by the interaction of your genes and the environment in which you were 47 . The study of how genes and environment interact to influence 48 activity is known as behavioral genetics. Behavioral genetics has made important 49 to the biological revolution, providing information about the extent to which biology influences mind, brain and behavior. Any research that suggests that 50 to perform certain behaviors are based in biology is controversial. Who wants to be told that there are limitations to what you can 51 based on something that is beyond your control, such as your genes? It is easy to accept that genes control physical characteristics such as sex, race and eye color. But can genes also determine whether people will get divorced, how 52 they are, or what career they are likely to choose? A concern of psychological scientists is the 53 to which all of these characteristics are influenced by nature and nurture(养育), by genetic makeup and the environment. Increasingly, science 54 that genes lay the groundwork for many human traits. From this perspective, people are born 55 like undeveloped photographs: The image is already captured, but the way it 56 appears can vary based on the development process. However, the basic picture is there from the beginning. [A] abilities [I] extent [B] achieve [J] indicates [C] appeal [K] proceeds [D] complaints [L] psychological [E] contributions [M] raised [F] displayed [N] smart [G] essentially [O] standard [H] eventually Section B Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. Passage One Questions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage. It is pretty much a one-way street. While it may be common for university researchers to try their luck in the commercial world, there is very little traffic in the opposite direction. Pay has always been the biggest deterrent, as people with families often feel they cannot afford the drop in salary when moving to a university job. For some industrial scientists, however, the attractions of academia (学术界) outweigh any financial considerations. Helen Lee took a 70% cut in salary when she moved from a senior post in Abbott Laboratories to a medical department at the University of Cambridge. Her main reason for 131 97 returning to academia mid-career was to take advantage of the greater freedom to choose research questions. Some areas of inquiry have few prospects of a commercial return, and Lee‘s is one of them. The impact of a salary cut is probably less severe for a scientist in the early stages of a career. Guy Grant, now a research associate at the Unilever Centre for Molecular Informatics at the University of Cambridge, spent two years working for a pharmaceutical (制药的) company before returning to university as a post-doctoral researcher. He took a 30% salary cut but felt it worthwhile for the greater intellectual opportunities. Higher up the ladder, where a pay cut is usually more significant, the demand for scientists with a wealth of experience in industry is forcing universities to make the transition (转换) to academia more attractive, according to Lee. Industrial scientists tend to receive training that academics do not, such as how to build a multidisciplinary team, manage budgets and negotiate contracts. They are also well placed to bring something extra to the teaching side of an academic role that will help students get a job when they graduate, says Lee, perhaps experience in manufacturing practice or product development. ―Only a small number of undergraduates will continue in an academic career. So someone leaving university who already has the skills needed to work in an industrial lab has far more potential in the job market than someone who has spent all their time on a narrow research project.‖ 57. By ―a one-way street‖ (Line 1, Para. 1), the author means ________. [A] university researchers know little about the commercial world [B] there is little exchange between industry and academia [C] few industrial scientists would quit to work in a university [D] few university professors are willing to do industrial research 58. The word ―deterrent‖ (Line 2, Para. 1) most probably refers to something that ________. [A] keeps someone from taking action [C] attracts people‘s attention [B] helps to move the traffic [D] brings someone a financial burden 59. What was Helen Lee‘s major consideration when she changed her job in the middle of her career? [A] Flexible work hours. [C] Her preference for the lifestyle on campus. [B] Her research interests. [D] Prospects of academic accomplishments. 60. Guy Grant chose to work as a researcher at Cambridge in order to ________. [A] do financially more rewarding work [B] raise his status in the academic world [C] enrich his experience in medical research [D] exploit better intellectual opportunities 61. What contribution can industrial scientists make when they come to teach in a university? [A] Increase its graduates‘ competitiveness in the job market. [B] Develop its students‘ potential in research. [C] Help it to obtain financial support from industry. [D] Gear its research towards practical applications. Passage Two Questions 62 to 66 are based on the following passage. Being sociable looks like a good way to add years to your life. Relationships with family, friends, neighbours, even pets, will all do the trick, but the biggest longevity (长寿) boost seems to 131 98 come from marriage or an equivalent relationship. The effect was first noted in 1858 by William Farr, who wrote that widows and widowers (鳏夫) were at a much higher risk of dying than their married peers. Studies since then suggest that marriage could add as much as seven years to a man‘s life and two to a woman‘s. The effect holds for all causes of death, whether illness, accident or self-harm. Even if the odds are stacked against you, marriage can more than compensate. Linda Waite of the University of Chicago has found that a married older man with heart disease can expect to live nearly four years longer than an unmarried man with a healthy heart. Likewise, a married man who smokes more than a pack a day is likely to live as long as a divorced man who doesn‘t smoke. There‘s a flip side, however, as partners are more likely to become ill or die in the couple of years following their spouse‘s death, and caring for a spouse with mental disorder can leave you with some of the same severe problems. Even so, the odds favour marriage. In a 30-year study of more than 10,000 people, Nicholas Christakis of Harvard Medical School describes how all kinds of social networks have similar effects. So how does it work? The effects are complex, affected by socio-economic factors, health-service provision, emotional support and other more physiological (生理的) mechanisms. For example, social contact can boost development of the brain and immune system, leading to better health and less chance of depression later in life. People in supportive relationships may handle stress better. Then there are the psychological benefits of a supportive partner. A life partner, children and good friends are all recommended if you aim to live to 100. The ultimate social network is still being mapped out, but Christakis says: ―People are interconnected, so their health is interconnected.‖ 62. William Farr‘s study and other studies show that _________. [A] social life provides an effective cure for illness [B] being sociable helps improve one‘s quality of life [C] women benefit more than men from marriage [D] marriage contributes a great deal to longevity 63. Linda Waite‘s studies support the idea that _________. [A] older men should quit smoking to stay healthy [B] marriage can help make up for ill health [C] the married are happier than the unmarried [D] unmarried people are likely to suffer in later life 64. It can be inferred from the context that the ―flip side‖ (Line 4, Para. 2) refers to _________. [A] the disadvantages of being married [B] the emotional problems arising from marriage [C] the responsibility of taking care of one‘s family [D] the consequence of a broken marriage 65. What does the author say about social networks? [A] They have effects similar to those of a marriage. [B] They help develop people‘s community spirit. [C] They provide timely support for those in need. [D] They help relieve people of their life‘s burdens. 66. What can be inferred from the last paragraph? 131 99 [A] It‘s important that we develop a social network when young. [B] To stay healthy, one should have a proper social network. [C] Getting a divorce means risking a reduced life span. [D] We should share our social networks with each other. Part ? Cloze (15 minutes) Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D] on the right side of the paper. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. Over half the world‘s people now live in cities. The latest ―Global Report on Human Settlements‖ says a significant change took place last year. The report 67 this week from U.N. Habitat, a United Nations agency. A century ago, 68 than five percent of all people lived in cities. 69 the middle of this century it could be seventy percent, or 70 six and a half billion people. Already three-fourths of people in 71 countries live in cities. Now most urban population 72 is in the developing world. Urbanization can 73 to social and economic progress, but also put 74 on cities to provide housing and 75 . The new report says almost two hundred thousand people move 76 cities and towns each day. It says worsening inequalities, 77 by social divisions and differences in 78 , could result in violence and crime 79 cities plan better. Another issue is urban sprawl (无序扩展的城区). This is where cities 80 quickly into rural areas, sometimes 81 a much faster rate than urban population growth. Sprawl is 82 in the United States. Americans move a lot. In a recent study, Art Hall at the University of Kansas found that people are moving away from the 83 cities to smaller ones. He sees a 84 toward ―de-urbanization‖ across the nation. 85 urban economies still provide many 86 that rural areas do not. 67. [A] came on [B] came off [C] came over [D] came out 68. [A] more [B] other [C] less [D] rather 69. [A] By [B] Through [C] Along [D] To 70. [A] really [B] barely [C] ever [D] almost 71. [A] flourishing [B] developed [C] thriving [D] fertile 72. [A] extension [B] addition [C] raise [D] growth 73. [A] keep [B] turn [C] lead [D] refer 74. [A] pressure [B] load [C] restraint [D] weight 75. [A] surroundings [B] communities [C] concerns [D] services 76. [A] onto [B] into [C] around [D] upon 77. [A] pulled [B] driven [C] drawn [D] pressed 78. [A] situation [B] wealth [C] treasure [D] category 79. [A] when [B] if [C] unless [D] whereas 80. [A] expand [B] split [C] invade [D] enlarge 81. [A] in [B] beyond [C] with [D] at 82. [A] common [B] conventional [C] ordinary [D] frequent 83. [A] essential [B] prior [C] primitive [D] major 84. [A] trend [B] style [C] direction [D] path 100131 85. [A] Then [B] But [C] For [D] While 86. [A] abilities [B] qualities [C] possibilities [D] realities Part VI Translation (5 minutes) Directions: Complete the sentences by translating into English the Chinese given in brackets. Please write your translation on Answer Sheet 2. 87. ________________________________________________________(为了确保他参加 会议), I called him up in advance. 88. The magnificent museum ________________________________________(据说建成于) about a hundred years ago. 89. There would be no life on earth ___________________________________________(没 有地球独特的环境). 90. ___________________________________(给游客印象最深的) was the friendliness and warmth of the local people. 91. They requested that __________________________________________(我借的书还回 图书馆) by next Friday. 2011年6月大学英语四级真题试卷及答案 Part I Writing (30 minutes) Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the topic of Online Shopping. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given bellow: Online Shopping 1.现在网上购物已成为一种时尚 2.网上购物有很多好处，但也有不少问题 3.我的建议 Part II Reading Comprehension(Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes) Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1 - 7, choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage. British Cuisine: the Best of Old and New British cuisine(烹饪) has come of age in recent years as chefs(厨师) combine the best of old and new. Why does British food have a reputation for being so bad? Because it is bad! Those are not the most encouraging words to hear just before eating lunch at one of Hong Kong's smartest British restaurants, Alfie's by KEE, but head chef Neil Tomes has more to say. "The past 15 years or so have been a noticeable period of improvement for food in England," the English chef says, citing the trend in British cuisine for better ingredients, preparation and cooking methods, and more appealing presentation. Chef such as Delia Smith, Nigel Slater, Jamie Oliver and Gordon Ramsay made the public realise that cooking - and eating - didn't have to be a boring thing. And now, most of the British public is familiar even with the extremes of Heston Blumenthal's molecular gastronomy, a form of cooking that employs scientific methods to create the perfect dish. "It's no longer the case that the common man in England is embarrassed to show he knows about food," Tomes says. There was plenty of room for improvement. The problems with the nation's cuisine can be traced 101131 back to the Second World War. Before the war, much of Britain's food was imported and when German U-boats began attacking ships bringing food to the country, Britain went on rations(配给). "As rationing came to an end in the 1950s, technology picked up and was used to mass-produce food," Tomes says. "And by then people were just happy to have a decent quantity of food in their kitchens." They weren't looking for cured meats, organic produce or beautiful presentation; they were looking for whatever they could get their hands on, and this prioritisation of quantity over quality prevailed for decades, meaning a generation was brought up with food that couldn't compete with neighbouring France, Italy, Belgium or Spain. Before star chefs such as Oliver began making cooking fashionable, it was hard to find a restaurant in London that was open after 9pm. But in recent years the capital's culinary(烹饪的) scene has developed to the point that it is now confident of its ability to please the tastes of any international visitor. With the opening of Alfie's in April, and others such as The Pawn, two years ago, modern British food has made its way to Hong Kong. "With British food, I think that Hong Kong restaurant are keeping up," says David Tamlyn, the Welsh executive chef at The Pawn in Wan Chai. "Hong Kong diners are extremely responsive to new ideas or presentations, which is good news for new dishes." Chefs agree that diners in Hong Kong are embracing the modern British trend. Some restaurants are modifying the recipes(菜谱)of British dishes to breathe new life into the classics, while other are using better quality ingredients but remaining true to British traditional and tastes. Tamlyn is in the second camp. "We select our food very particulary. We use US beef, New Zealand lamb and for our custards(牛奶蛋糊) we use Bird's Custard Powder," Tamlyn says. "Some restaurants go for custard made fresh with eggs, sugar and cream, but British custard is different, and we stay true to that." Matthew Hill, senior manager at the two-year-old SoHo restaurant Yorkshire Pudding, also uses better ingredients as a means of improving dishes. "There are a lot of existing perceptions about British food and so we can't alter these too much. We're a traditional British restaurant so there are some staples(主菜) that will remain essentially unchanged." These traditional dishes include fish and chips, steak and kidney pie and large pieces of roasted meats. At Alfie's, the newest of the British restaurants in town and perhaps the most gentlemen's club-like in design, Neil Tomes explains his passion for provenance(原产地). "Britain has started to become really proud of the food it's producing. It has excellent organic farms, beautifully crafted cheeses, high-quality meats." However, the British don't have a history of exporting their foodstuffs, which makes it difficult for restaurants in Hong Kong to source authentic ingredients. "We can get a lot of our ingredients once a week from the UK," Tamlyn explains. "But there is also pressure to buy local and save on food miles, which means we take our vegetables from the local markets, and there are a lot that work well with British staples." The Phoenix, in Mid-Levels, offers the widest interpretation of "British cuisine", while still trying to maintain its soul. The gastro-pub has existed in various locations in Hong Kong since 2002. Singaporean head chef Tommy Teh Kum Chai offers daily specials on a blackboard, rather than sticking to a menu. This enables him to reinterpret British cuisine depending on what is available in the local markets. "We use a lot of ingredients that people wouldn't perhaps associate as British, but are presented in a British way. Bell peppers stuffed with couscous, alongside ratatouille, is a very popular dish." Although the ingredients may not strike diners as being traditional, they can be found in dishes 102131 across Britain. Even the traditional chefs are aware of the need to adapt to local tastes and customs, while maintaining the Brutishness of their cuisine. At Yorkshire Pudding, Hill says that his staff asks diners whether they would like to share their meals. Small dishes, shared meals and "mixing it up" is not something commonly done in Britain, but Yorkshire Pudding will bring full dished to the table and offer individual plates for each dinner. "That way, people still get the presentation of the dishes as they were designed, but can carve them up however they like," Hill says. This practice is also popular at The Pawn, although largely for rotisseries(烤肉馆), Tamlyn says. "Some tables will arrive on Sunday, order a whole chicken and a shoulder of lamb or a baby pig, and just stay for hours enjoying everything we bring out for them." Some British traditions are too sacred(神圣的) to mess with, however, Tomes says. "I'd never change a full English breakfast." 1. What is British food generally known for? A) Its unique flavor. B) Its bad taste. C) Its special cooking methods D) Its organic ingredients. 2. The Second World War led to ____ in Britain. A) an inadequate supply of food B) a decrease of grain production C) an increase in food import D) a change in people's eating habits 3. Why couldn't Britain compete with some of its neighboring countries in terms of food in the post-war decades? A) Its food lacked variety. B) Its people cared more for quantity. C) It was short of well-trained chefs. D) It didn't have flavorful food ingredients. 4. With culinary improvement in recent years, London's restaurants are now able to appeal to the tastes of ____. A) most young people B) elderly British diners C) all kinds of overseas visitors D) upper-class customers 5. What do Hong Kong diners welcome, according to Welsh executive chef David Tamlyn? A) Authentic classic cuisine. B) Locally produced ingredients. C) New ideas and presentations. D) The return of home-style dishes. 6. While using quality ingredients, David Tamlyn insists that the dishes should ____. A) benefit people's health B) look beautiful and inviting C) be offered at reasonable prices D) maintain British traditional tastes 7. Why does Neil Tomes say he loves food ingredients from Britain? A) They appeal to people from all over the world. B) They are produced on excellent organic forms. C) They are processed in a scientific way. D) They come in a great variety. 8. Tamlyn says that besides importing ingredients from Britain once a week, his restaurant also buys vegetables from ____________________. 9. The Phoenix in Mid-Levels may not use British ingredients, but presents its dishes ________________. 10. Yorkshire Pudding is a restaurant which will bring full dishes to the table but offer plates to those diners who would like to ___________________________. Part III Listening Comprehension (35 minutes) Section A Directions: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of 103131 each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. 11. A) He is careless about his appearance. B) He is ashamed of his present condition. C) He changes jobs frequently. D) He shaves every other day. 12. A) Jane may be caught in a traffic jam. B) Jane should have started a little earlier. C) He knows what sort of person Jane is. D) He is irritated at having to wait for Jane. 13. A) Training for the Mid-Atlantic Championships. B) Making preparations for a trans-Atlantic trip. C) Collecting information about baseball games. D) Analyzing their rivals' on-field performance. 14. A) He had a narrow escape in a car accident. B) He is hospitalized for a serious injury. C) He lost his mother two weeks ago. D) He has been having a hard time. 15. A) The woman has known the speaker for a long time. B) The man had difficulty understanding the lecture. C) The man is making a fuss about nothing. D) The woman thinks highly of the speaker. 16. A) He has difficulty making sense of logic. B) Statistics and logic are both challenging subjects. C) The woman should seek help from the tutoring service. D) Tutoring services are very popular with students. 17. A) Her overcoat is as stylish as Jill's. B) Jill missed her class last week. C) Jill wore the overcoat last week. D) She is in the same class as the man. 18. A) A computer game. B) An imaginary situation. C) An exciting experience. D) A vacation by the sea. Questions 19 to 21 are based on the conversation you have just heard. 19. A) Beautiful scenery in the countryside. B) Dangers of cross-country skiing. C) Pain and pleasure in sports. D) A sport he participates in. 20. A) He can't find good examples to illustrate his point. B) He can't find a peaceful place to do the assignment. C) He doesn't know how to describe the beautiful country scenery. 104131 D) He can't decide whether to include the effort part of skiing. 21. A) New ideas come up as you write. B) Much time is spent on collecting data. C) A lot of effort is made in vain. D) The writer's point of view often changes. Questions 22 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard. 22. A) Journalist of a local newspaper. B) Director of evening radio programs. C) Producer of television commercials. D) Hostess of the weekly "Business World". 23. A) He ran three restaurants with his wife's help. B) He and his wife did everything by themselves. C) He worked both as a cook and a waiter. D) He hired a cook and two local waitresses. 24. A) He hardly needs to do any advertising nowadays. B) He advertises a lot on radio and in newspapers. C) He spends huge sums on TV commercials every year. D) He hires children to distribute ads in shopping centers. 25. A) The restaurant location. B) The restaurant atmosphere. C) The food variety. D) The food price. Section B Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. Passage One 26. A) Its protection is often neglected by children. B) It cannot be fully restored once damaged. C) There are many false notions about it. D) There are various ways to protect it. 27. A) It may make the wearer feel tired. B) It will gradually weaken the eyes of adults. C) It can lead to the loss of vision in children. D) It can permanently change the eye structure. 28. A) It can never be done with high technology. B) It is the best way to restore damaged eyesight. C) It is a major achievement in eye surgery. D) It can only be partly accomplished now. Passage Two 29. A) They think they should follow the current trend. B) Nursing homes are well-equipped and convenient. C) Adult day-care centers are easily accessible. 105131 D) They have jobs and other commitments. 30. A) They don't want to use up all their life savings. B) They fear they will regret it afterwards. C) They would like to spend more time with them. D) They don't want to see their husbands poorly treated. 31. A) Provide professional standard care. B) Be frank and seek help from others. C) Be affectionate and cooperative. D) Make use of community facilities. Passage Three 32. A) Health and safety conditions in the workplace. B) Rights and responsibilities of company employees. C) Common complaints made by office workers. D) Conflicts between labor and management. 33. A) Replace its out-dated equipment. B) Improve the welfare of affected workers. C) Follow the government regulations strictly. D) Provide extra health compensation. 34. A) They requested to transfer to a safer department. B) They quit work to protect their unborn babies. C) They sought help from union representatives. D) They wanted to work shorter hours. 35. A) To show how they love winter sports. B) To attract the attention from the media. C) To protect against the poor working conditions. D) To protect themselves against the cold weather. Section C Directions: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information. For these blanks, you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the main points in your own words. Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written. Contrary to the old warning that time waits for no one, time slows down when you are on the move. It also slows down more as you move faster, which means astronauts(宇航员) someday may (36)__________ so long in space that they would return to an Earth of the (37)__________ future. If you could move at the speed of light, your time would stand still. If you could move faster than light, your time would move (38)__________ . Although no form of matter yet (39)__________ moves as fast as or faster than light, (40)__________ experiments have already confirmed that accelerated (41)__________ causes a traveler's time to be stretched. Albert Einstein (42)__________ this in 1905, when he (43)__________ the concept of relative time as part of his Special Theory of Relativity. A search is now under way to confirm the suspected existence of particles of matter (44)_______________________________________________ __________________________________________ . 106131 An obsession(沉迷)with time-saving, gaining, wasting, losing, and mastering it-(45)___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ . Humanity also has been obsessed with trying to capture the meaning of time. Einstein (46)___________________________________________________________ ____________________________________. Thus, time and time's relativity are measurable by any hourglass, alarm clock, or an atomic clock that can measure a billionth of a second. Part ? Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth) (25 minutes) Section A Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once. The popular notion that older people need less sleep than younger adults is a myth, scientists said yesterday. While elderly people 47 to sleep for fewer hours than they did when they were younger, this has a(n) 48 effect on their brain's performance and they would benefit from getting more, according to research. Sean Drummond, a psychiatrist (心理医生) at the University of California, San Diego, said that older people are more likely to suffer from broken sleep, while younger people are better at sleeping 49 straight through the night. More sleep in old age, however, is 50 with better health, and most older people would feel better and more 51 if they slept for longer periods, he said. "The ability to sleep in one chunk (整块时间) overnight goes down as we age but the amount of sleep we need to 52 well does not change," Dr Drummond told the American Association for the Advancement of Science conference in San Diego. "It's 53 a myth that older people need less sleep. The more healthy an older adult is, the more they sleep like they did when they were 54 . Our data suggests that older adults would benefit from 55 to get as much sleep as they did in their 30s. That's 56 from person to person, but the amount of sleep we had at 35 is probably the same amount we need at 75." A) alert B) associated C) attracting D) cling E) continuing F) definitely G) different H) efficiently I) formally J) function K) mixed L) negative M) sufficient N) tend O) younger Section B Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. Passage One Several recent studies have found that being randomly (随机地) assigned to a roommate of another race can lead to increased tolerance but also to a greater likelihood (可能性) of conflict. Recent reports found that lodging with a student of a different race may decrease prejudice and compel students to engage in more ethnically diverse friendships. An Ohio State University study also found that black students living with a white roommate saw 107131 higher academic success throughout their college careers. Researchers believe this may be caused by social pressure. In a New York Times article, Sam Roakye-the only black student on his freshman year floor-said that "if you're surrounded by whites, you have something to prove." Researchers also observed problems resulting from pairing interracial students in residences. According to two recent studies, randomly assigned roommates of different race are more likely to experience conflicts so strained that one roommate will move out. An Indiana University study found that interracial roommates were three times as likely as two white roommates to no longer live together by the end of the semester. Grace Kao, a professor at Penn said she was not surprised by the findings. "This may be the first time that some of these students have interacted, and lived, with someone of a different race," she said. At Penn, students are not asked to indicate race when applying for housing. "One of the great things about freshman housing is that, with some exceptions, the process throws you together randomly," said Undergraduate Assembly chairman Alec Webley. "This is the definition of integration." "I've experienced roommate conflicts between interracial students that have both broken down stereotypes and reinforced stereotypes," said one Penn resident advisor (RA). The RA of two years added that while some conflicts "provided more multicultural acceptance and melding (融合)," there were also "jarring cultural confrontations." The RA said that these conflicts have also occurred among roommates of the same race. Kao said she cautions against forming any generalizations based on any one of the studies, noting that more background characteristics of the students need to be studies and explained. 57. What can we learn from some recent studies? A) Conflicts between studies of different races are unavoidable. B) Students of different races are prejudiced against each other. C) Interracial lodging does more harm than good. D) Interracial lodging may have diverse outcomes. 58. What does Sam Boakye's remark mean? A) White students tend to look down upon their black peers. B) Black students can compete with their white peers academically. C) Black students feel somewhat embarrassed among white peers during the freshman year. D) Being surrounded by white peers motivates a black student to work harder to succeed. 59. What does the Indians Univerisity study show? A) Interracial roommates are more likely to fall out. B) Few white students like sharing a room with a black peer. C) Roommates of different races just don't get along. D) Assigning students' lodging randomly is not a good policy. 60. What does Alec Webley consider to be the "definition of integration"? A) Students of different races are required to share room. B) Interracial lodging is arranged by the school for freshmen. C) Lodging is assigned to students of different races without exception. D) The school randomly assigns roommates without regard to race. 61. What does Grace Kao say about interracial lodging? A) It is unscientific to make generalizations about it without further study. 108131 B) Schools should be cautious when making decisions about student lodging. C) Students' racial background should be considered before lodging is assigned. D) Experienced resident advisors should be assigned to handle the problems. Passage Two Global warming is causing more than 300,000 deaths and about $125 billion in economic losses each year, according to a report by the Global Humanitarian Forum, an organization led by Kofi Annan, the former United Nations secretary general. The report, to be released Friday, analyzed data and existing studies of health, disaster, population and economic trends. It found that human-influenced climate change was raising the global death rates from illnesses including malnutrition (营养不良) and heat-related health problems. But even before its release, the report drew criticism from some experts on climate and risk, who questioned its methods and conclusions. Along with the deaths, the report said that the lives of 325 million people, primarily in poor countries, were being seriously affected by climate change. It projected that the number would double by 2030. Roger Pielke Jr., a political scientist at the University of Colorado, Boulder, who studies disaster trends, said the Forum's report was " a methodological embarrassment" because there was no way to distinguish deaths or economic losses related to human driven global warming amid the much larger losses resulting from the growth in populations and economic development in vulnerable (易受伤害的) regions. Dr. Pielke said that "climate change is an important problem requiring our utmost attention." But the report, he said, "will harm the cause for action on both climate change and disasters because it is so deeply flawed (有瑕疵的)" However, Soren Anderasen, a social scientist at Dalberg Global Development Partners who supervised the writing of the report, defended it, saying that it was clear that the numbers were rough estimates. He said the report was aimed at world leaders, who will meet in Copenhagen in December to negotiate a new international climate treaty. In a press release describing the report, Mr. Annan stressed the need for the negotiations to focus on increasing the flow of money from rich to poor regions to help reduce their vulnerability to climate hazards, while still curbing the emissions of the heat-trapping gases. More than 90% of the human and economic losses from climate change are occurring in poor countries, according to the report. 62. What is the finding of the Global Humanitarian Forum? A) Global temperatures affect the rate of economic development. B) Rates of death from illness have risen due to global warming. C) Malnutrition has caused serious health problems in poor countries. D) Economic trends have to do with population and natural disasters. 63. What do we learn about the Forum's report from the passage? A) It was challenged by some climate and risk experts. B) It aroused a lot of interest in the scientific circles. C) It was warmly received by environmentalists. D) It caused a big stir in developing countries. 64. What does Dr. Pielke say about the Forum's report? A) Its statistics look embarrassing. B) It is invalid in terms of methodology. C) It deserves our closest attention. D) Its conclusion is purposely exaggerated. 109131 65. What is Soren Andreasen's view of the report? A) Its conclusions are based on carefully collected data. B) It is vulnerable to criticism if the statistics are closely examined. C) It will give rise to heated discussions at the Copenhagen conference. D) Its rough estimates are meant to draw the attention of world leaders. 66. What does Kofi Annan say should be the focus of the Copenhagen conference? A) How rich and poor regions can share responsibility in curbing global warming. B) How human and economic losses from climate change can be reduced. C) How emissions of heat-trapping gases can be reduced on a global scale. D) How rich countries can better help poor regions reduce climate hazards. Part ? Cloze (15 minutes) Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D) on the right side of the paper. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre When it comes to eating amart for your heart, stop thinking about short-term fixes and simplify your life with a straightforward approach that will serve you well for years to come. Smart eating goes beyond analyzing every bite of food you lift 67 your mouth. "In the past we used to believe that 68 amounts of individual nutrients (营养物) were the 69 to good health," says Linda Van Horn, chair of the American Heart Association's Nutrition Committee. "But now we have a 70 understanding of healthy eating and the kinds of food necessary to 71 not only heart disease but disease 72 general," she adds. Scientists now 73 on the broader picture of the balance of food eaten 74 several days or a week 75 than on the number of milligrams (毫克) of this or that 76 at each meal. Fruits, vegetables and whole grains, for example, provide nutrients and plant-based compounds 77 for good health. "The more we learn, the more 78 we are by the wealth of essential substances they 79 ," Van Horn continues, "and how they 80 with each other to keep us healthy." You'll automatically be 81 the right heart-healthy track if vegetables, fruits and whole grains make 82 three quarters of the food on your dinner plate. 83 in the restaurant one quarter with lean meat or chicken, fish or eggs. The foods you choose to eat as well as those you choose to 84 clearly contribute to your well-being. Without a 85 , each of the small decisions you make in this realm can make a big 86 on your health in the years to come. 67. A) between B) through C) inside D) to 68. A) serious B) splendid C) specific D) separate 69. A) key B) point C) lead D) center 70. A) strict B) different C) typical D) natural 71. A) rescue B) prevent C) forbid D) offend 72. A) in B) upon C) for D) by 73. A) turn B) put C) focus D) carry 74. A) over B) along C) with D) beyond 75. A) other B) better C) rather D) sooner 76. A) conveyed B) consumed C) entered D) exhausted 77. A) vital B) initial C) valid D) radical 78. A) disturbed B) depressed C) amazed D) amused 131 110 79. A) retain B) contain C) attain D) maintain 80. A) interfere B) interact C) reckon D) rest 81. A) at B) of C) on D) within 82. A) out B) into C) off D) up 83. A) Engage B) Fill C) Insert D) Pack 84. A) delete B) hinder C) avoid D) spoil 85. A) notion B) hesitation C) reason D) doubt 86. A) outcome B) function C) impact D) commitment Part VI Translation (5 minutes) 87.The university authorities did not approve the regulation, ____________________________________ (也没有解释为什么). 88. Jane is tired of dealing with customer complaints and wishes that she __________________________ __________________ (能被分配做另一项工作). 89.John rescued the drowning child _____________________________________ (冒着自己生命危险). 90.George called his boss from the airport but it _______________________________________ (接电话 的却是他的助手). 91.Although he was interested in philosophy, _______________________________ (他的父亲说服他) majoring in law. 2011年12月英语四级真题及答案 Part ? Writing (30 minutes) For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled Nothing Succeeds Without a Strong Will by commenting on the humorous saying, "Quitting smoking is the easiest thing in the world. I've done it hundreds of times." You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words. Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) Why Integrity Matters What is Integrity? The key to integrity is consistency--not only setting high personal standards for oneself (honesty, responsibility, respect for others, fairness) but also living up to those standards each day. One who has integrity is bound by and follows moral and ethical standards even when making life's hard choices, choices which may be clouded by stress, pressure to succeed, or temptation. What happens if we lie, cheat, steal, or violate other ethical standards? We feel disappointed in ourselves and ashamed. But a lapse of integrity also affects our relationships with others. Trust is essential in any important relationship, whether personal or professional. Who can trust someone who is dishonest or unfair? Thus, integrity must be one of our most important goals. Risky Business We are each responsible for our own decisions, even if the decision-making process has been undermined by stress or peer pressure. The real test of character is whether we can learn from our mistake, by understanding why we acted as we did, and then exploring ways to avoid similar problems in the future. Making ethical decisions is a critical part of avoiding future problems. We must learn to recognize risks, because if we can't see the risks we're taking, we can't make responsible choices. To identify risks, we need to know the rules and be aware of the facts. For example, one who 131 111 doesn't know the rules about plagiarism may accidentally use words or ideas without giving proper credit, or one who fails to keep careful research notes may unintentionally fail to quote and cite sources as required. But the fact that such a violation is "unintentional" does not excuse the misconduct. Ignorance is not a defense. "But Everybody Does It" Most people who get in trouble do know the rules and facts, but manage to fool themselves about the risks they're taking by using excuses: "Everyone else does it," "I'm not hurting anyone," or "I really need this grade." Excuses can get very elaborate: "I know I'm looking at another's exam, even though I'm supposed to keep my eyes on my own paper, but that's not cheating because I'm just checking my answers, not copying." We must be honest about our actions, and avoid excuses. If we fool ourselves into believing we're not doing anything wrong, we can't see the real choice we're making--and that leads to bad decisions. To avoid fooling yourself, watch out for excuses and try this test: Ask how you would feel if your actions were public, and anyone could be watching over your shoulder. Would you feel proud or ashamed of your actions? If you'd rather hide your actions, that's a good indication that you're taking a risk and rationalizing it to yourself. Evaluating Risks To decide whether a risk is worth taking, you must examine the consequences, in the future as well as right now, negative as well as positive, and to others as well as to yourself. Those who take risks they later regret usually focus on immediate benefits ("what's in it for me"), and simply haven't considered what might go wrong. The consequences of getting caught are serious, and may include a "0" on a test or assignment; an "F" in the class; suspension or dismissal from school; transcript notation; and a tarnished reputation. In fact, when you break a rule or law, you lose control over your life, and give others the power to impose punishment: you have no control over what that punishment might be. This is an extremely precarious and vulnerable position. There may be some matters of life and death, or highest principle, which might justify such a risk, but there aren't many things that fall in this category. Getting Away With It--Or Not Those who don't get caught pay an even higher price. A cheater doesn't learn from the test, depriving him/herself of an education. Cheating undermines confidence and independence: the cheater is a fraud, and knows that without dishonesty, he/she would have failed. Cheating destroys self-esteem and integrity, leaving the cheater ashamed, guilty, and afraid of getting caught. Worst of all, a cheater who doesn't get caught the first time usually cheats again, not only because he/she is farther behind, but also because it seems "easier." This slippery slope of eroding ethics and bigger risks leads only to disaster. Eventually, the cheater gets caught, and the later he/she gets caught, the worse the consequences. Students have been dismissed from school because they didn't get this simple message: Honesty is the ONLY policy that works. Cheating Hurts Others, Too Cheaters often feel invisible, as if their actions "don't count" and don't really hurt anyone. But individual choices have a profound cumulative effect. Cheating can spread like a disease, and a cheater can encourage others just by being seen from across the room. Recent statistics suggest 30% or more of college students cheat. If a class is graded on a curve, cheating hurts others' grades. Even if there is no curve, cheating "poisons" the classroom, and others may feel pressured to join in. ("If I don't cheat, I can't compete with those who do.") Cheating also has a destructive 131 112 impact on teachers. The real reward of good teaching is seeing students learn, but ?.a cheater says, "I'm not interested in what you're trying to teach; all I care about is stealing a grade, regardless of the effect on others." The end result is a blatant and destructive attack on the quality of your education. Finally, cheating can hurt the reputation of the University, and harm those who worked hard for their degree. Why Integrity Matters If cheating becomes the norm, then we are in big trouble. ?.We must rely on the honesty and good faith of others every day. If not, we couldn't put money in the bank, buy food, clothing, or medicine from others, drive across a bridge, get on a plane, go to the dentist--the list is endless. There are many examples of the vast harm that is caused when individuals forget or ignore the effect their dishonesty can have. The savings and loan scandal, the stock market and junk bond swindles, and, of course, ?.Watergate, have undermined the faith of many Americans in the integrity of political and economic leaders and society as a whole. Such incidents take a tremendous toll on our nation's economy and our individual well-being. For example, but for the savings and loan debacle, there might be funds available to reduce the national debt and pay for education. In sum, we all have a common stake in our school, our community, and our society. Our actions do matter. It is essential that we act with integrity in order to build the kind of world in which we want to live. 1. A person of integrity not only sets high moral and ethical standards but also _______。 A) sticks to them in their daily life B) makes them known to others C) understands their true values D) sees that others also follow them 2. What role does integrity play in personal and professional relationships? A) It helps to create team spirit B) It facilitates communication C) It is the basis of mutual trust D) It inspires mutual respect 3. Why must we learn to identify the risks we are going to take? A. To ensure we make responsible choices B. To avoid being overwhelmed by stress C. so that we don‘t break any rules D. so that we don‘t run into trouble 4. Violation of a rule is misconduct even if _______ A. it has caused no harm B. it is claimed to be unintentional C. it has gone unnoticed D. it is committed with good intentions 5. What should one do if he doesn‘t wish to fool himself? A. Avoid making excuses B. Listen to other people‘s advice C. Make his intensions public D. Have others watch over his shoulder 6. Those who take risks they regret later on _______。 A. will often become more cautious B. are usually very aggressive C. value immediate benefits most D. may lose everything in the end 7. According to the author, a cheater who doesn‘t get caught right away will _______ A. pay more dearly B. become more confident C. be widely admired D. feel somewhat lucky 8. Cheaters at exam don‘t care about their education, all they care about is how to _______ 9. Integrity matters in that all social activities rely on people‘s _________________________ 10. Many Americans lost faith in the integrity of their political leaders as a result of _______ 131 113 Part III Listening Comprehension Section A 11. A. Read the notice on the window B. Get a new bus schedule C. Go and ask the staff D. Board the bus to Cleveland 12. A. He was looking forward to seeing the giraffes. B. He enjoyed watching the animal performance. C. He got home too late to see the TV special D. He fell asleep in the middle of the TV program. 13. A. She wants to take the most direct way. B. She may be late for the football game. C. She is worried about missing her flight. D. She is currently caught in a traffic jam. 14. A. At a restaurant B. In a fish shop C. At a clinic D. On a fishing boat 15. A. He is an experienced sales manager. B. He is being interviewed for a job. C. He is a close friend of the woman. D. He is good at answering tricky questions. 16. A. The man should consider his privacy first. B. The man will choose a low-rent apartment. C. The man is not certain if he can find a quieter place D. The man is unlikely to move out of the dormitory. 17. A. The woman is going to make her topic more focused. B. The man and woman are working on a joint project. C. One should choose a broad topic for a research paper. D. It tool a lot of time to get the man on the right track. 18. A. They went camping this time last year. B. They didn‘t quite enjoy their last picnic. C. They learned to cooperate under harsh conditions. D. They weren‘t experienced in organizing picnics. Questions 19 to 22 are based on the conversation you have just heard. 19. A. H e likes Sweden better than England. B. He prefers hot weather to cold weather. C. He is an Englishman living in Sweden. D. He visits London nearly every winter. 20. A. The bad weather B. The gloomy winter C. The cold houses D. The long night 21. A. Delightful B. Painful C. Depressing D. Refreshing 22. A. They often stay up late reading B. They work hard and play hard C. They like to go camping in summer D. They try to earn more and spend more Questions 23 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard. 23. A. English Literature B. Management C. French D. Public Administration 24. A. English teaching B. Staff training C. Careers guidance D. Psychological counseling 25. A. Its generous scholarships B. Its worldwide fame C. Its well-designed courses D. Its pleasant environment 131 114 Section B Passage One 26. A. Characteristics of Japanese artists B. Some features of Japanese culture C. The art of Japanese brush painting D. The uniqueness of Japanese art 27. A. To calm themselves down B. To enhance concentration C. To show their impatience D. To signal lack of interest 28. A. How listeners in different cultures show respect B. How speakers can win approval from the audience C. How speakers can misunderstand the audience D. How different Western and Eastern art forms are Passage Two 29. A. Directing personnel evaluation B. Buying and maintaining equipment C. Drawing up plans for in-service training D. Interviewing and recruiting employees 30. A. Some of his equipment was damaged in a fire B. The training program he ran was a failure C. Two of his workers were injured at work D. Two of his employees committed theft 31. A. A better relationship with his boss B. Advancement to a higher position C. A better-paying job in another company D. Improvement in the company‘s management 32. A. She has more self-confidence than Chris B. She works with Chris in the same division C. She has more management experience than Chris D. She is competing with Chris for the new job Passage Three 33. A. They help us see the important values of a culture B. They guide us in handling human relationships C. They help us express ourselves more effectively D. They are an infinite source of human knowledge 34. A. Their wording may become different B. The values they reflect may change C. Their origins can no longer be traced D. They may be misinterpreted occasionally 35. A. Certain values are shared by a large number of cultures B. Some proverbs are assuming more and more importance C. Old proverbs are constantly replaced by new ones D. Certain values have always been central to a culture Section C Dictation Our lives are woven together. As much as I enjoy my own 36________. I no longer imagine I can get through a 37________ day, much less all my life, 38________ on my own. Even if I am on 39________ in the mountains, I am eating food someone else has grown, living in a house some else has built, wearing clothes someone else has 40________ from cloth woven by others, using 41________ someone else is distributing to my house. 42________ of interdependence is everywhere. We are on this 43________ together. As I was growing up, 44______________________________________________________. ―Make your own way‖, ―stand on your own two feet‖, or my mother‘s favorite remark when I was face-to-face with consequences of some action: ―Now that you‘ve made your bed, lie on it!‖ Total 131 115 independence is a dominant theme in our culture, I imagine that 45________________________ ________________________________. But the teaching was shaped by our cultural images, and instead I grew up believing that I was supposed to be totally ―independent‖ and consequently became very reluctant to ask for help. 46________________________________________________________________________. Part IV Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth) Section A With the world‘s population estimated to grow from six to nine billion by 2050, researchers, businesses and governments are already dealing with the impact this increase will have on everything from food and water to infrastructure an jobs. Underlying all this 47________ will be the demand for energy, which is expected to double over the next 40 years. Finding the resources to meet this demand in a 48________, sustainable way is the stcornerstone of our nation‘s energy security, and will be one of the major 49________ of the 21 century. Alternative forms of energy --- bio-fuels, wind and solar, to name a few --- are 50________ being funded and developed, and will play a growing 51________ in the world‘s energy supply. But experts say that, even when 52________, alternative energy sources will likely meet only about 30% of the world‘s energy needs by 2050. For example, even with 53________ investments, such as the $93 million for wind energy development 54________ in the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act, important alternative energy sources such as wind and bio-fuels 55________ only about 1% of the market today. Energy and sustainability experts say the answer to our future energy needs will likely come from a lot of 56________ --- both traditional and alternative. A stable B solutions C significant D role E progress F marvelous G included H growth I exactly J consist K comprise L competitions M combined N challenges O certainly Passage One Boys' schools are the perfect place to teach young men to express their emotions and are more likely to get involved in activities such as art, dance and music, according to research released today. Far from the traditional image of a culture of aggressive masculinity in which students either sink or swim, the absence of girls gives boys the chance to develop without pressure to conform to a stereotype, the US study says. Boys at single sex schools were said to be more likely to get involved in cultural and artistic activities that helped develop their emotional expressiveness, rather than feeling they had to conform to the "boy code" of hiding their emotions to be a "real man". The findings of the study go against received wisdom that boys do better when taught alongside girls. Tony Little, headmaster of Eton, warned that boys were being failed by the British education system because it had become too focused on girls. He criticized teachers for failing to recognize that boys are actually more emotional than girls. The research argued that boys often perform badly in mixed schools because they become discouraged when their female peers do better earlier in speaking and reading skills. But in single-sex schools teachers can tailor lessons to boys' learning style, letting them move 131 116 around the classroom and getting them to compete in teams to prevent boredom, wrote the study's author, Abigail James, of the University of Virginia. Teachers could encourage boys to enjoy reading and writing with specifically "boy-focused" approaches such as themes and characters that appeal to them. Because boys generally have more acute vision, learn best through touch, and are physically more active, they need to be given "hands-on" lessons where they are allowed to walk around. "Boys in mixed schools view classical music as feminine and prefer the modern genre in which violence and sexism are major themes," James wrote. Single-sex education also made it less likely that boys would feel they had to conform to a stereotype that men should be "masterful and in charge" in relationships. "In mixed schools, boys feel compelled to act like men before they understand themselves well enough to know what that means," the study reported. 57. The author believes that a single-sex school would _____________________. A force boys to hide their emotions to be ―real man‖ B help to cultivate masculine aggressiveness in boys C encourage boys to express their emotions more freely D naturally reinforce in boys that traditional image of a man 58. It is commonly believed that in a mixed schools boys ____________________. A perform relatively better B grow up more healthily C behave more responsibly D receive a better education 59. What does Tony Little say about the British education system? A It fails more boys than girls academically B It focuses more on mixed school education C It fails to give boys the attention they need D It places more pressure on boys than on girls 60. According to Abigail James, one of the advantages of single-sex schools is ______________. A teaching can be tailored to suit the characteristics of boys B boys can focus on their lessons without being distracted C boys can choose to learn whatever they are interested in D teaching can be designed to promote boys‘ team spirit 61. Which of the following is characteristic of boys according to Abigail James‘ report? A They enjoy being in charge B They conform to stereotypes C They have sharper vision D They are violent and sexist Passage Two It's an annual argument. Do we or do we not go on holiday? My partner says no because the boiler could go, or the roof fall off, and we have no savings to save us. I say that you only live once and we work hard and what's the point if you can't go on holiday. The joy of a recession means no argument next year – we just won't go. Since money is known to be one of the things most likely to bring a relationship to its knees, we should be grateful. For many families the recession means more than not booking a holiday. A YouGov poll of 2,000 people found 22% said they were arguing more with their partners because of concerns about money. What's less clear is whether divorce and separation rates rise in a recession – financial pressures mean couples argue more but make splitting up less affordable. A recent research shows arguments about money were especially damaging to couples. Disputes were characterized by intense verbal aggression, tended to be repeated and not resolved, and made 131 117 men, more than women, extremely angry. Kim Stephenson, an occupational psychologist, believes money is such a big deal because of what it symbolizes, which may be different things to men and women. "People can say the same things about money but have different conceptions of what it is for," he explains. "They will say it's to save, to spend, for security, for freedom, to show someone you love them" He says men are more likely to see money as a way of buying status and of showing their parents that they've achieved something. "The biggest problem is that couples assume each other knows what is going on with their finances, but they don't. There seems to be more of a taboo about talking about money than talking about death. But you both need to know what you are doing, who is paying what into the joint account and how much you keep separately. In a healthy relationship you don't have to agree about money, but you have to talk about it." 62. What does the author say about vacationing? A People enjoy it all the more during a recession B Few people can afford it without working hard C It makes all the hard work worthwhile D It is the chief cause of family disputes 63. What does the author mean by saying ―money is known… to bring a relationship to its knees‖ (Line1 Para. 2), A Money is considered to be the root of all evils B Some people sacrifice their dignity for money C Few people can resist the temptation of money D Disputes over money may ruin a relationship 64. The YouGov poll of 2000 people indicates that in a recession _________________. A conflicts between couples tend to rise B it is more expensive for couples to split up C couples show more concern for each other D divorce and separation rates increase 65. What does Kim Stephenson believe? A Money is often a symbol of a person‘s status B Money means a great deal to both men and women C Men and women spend money on different things D Men and women view money in different ways 66. The author suggests at the end of the passage that couples should ________________ A put their money together instead of keeping it separately B make efforts to reach agreement on their family budgets C discuss money matters to maintain a healthy relationship D avoid arguing about money matters to remain romantic Part V Cloze Employers fear they will be unable recruit students with the skills they need as the economic recovery kicks in, a new survey 67_______. Nearly half of organizations told researchers they were already struggling to find 68_______ with skills in science, technology, engineering and maths (STEM), 69_______ even more companies expect to experience 70_______ of employees with STEM skills in the next three 131 118 years. The Confederation of British Industry 71_______ 694 businesses and organizations across the public and 72_______ sectors, which together employ 2.4 million people. Half are 73_______ they will not be able to fill graduate posts in the coming years, while a third said they would not be able to 74_______ enough employees with the right A-level skills. "75_______ we move further into recovery and businesses plan 76_______ growth, the demand for people with high-quality skills and qualifications will 77_______," said Richard Lambert, director general, CBI. ―Firms say it is already hard to find people with the right 78_______ or engineering skills. The new government must make it a top 79_______ to encourage more young people to study science-related 80_______." The survey found that young people would improve their job prospects 81_______ they studied business studies, maths, English and physics or chemistry at A-level. The A-levels that employers 82_______ least are psychology and sociology. And while many employers don't insist on a 83_______ degree subject, a third prefer to hire those with a STEM-related subject. The research 84_______ worries about the lack of progress in improving basic skills in the UK 85_______. Half of employers expressed worries about employees' basic literacy and numeracy(计算) skills, while the biggest problem is with IT skills, 86_______ two-thirds reported concerns. 67. A submits B reveals C launches D generates 68. A audience B officials C partners D staff 69. A while B because C for D although 70. A exits B shortages C absences D departures 71. A surveyed B searched C exposed D exploited 72. A collective B private C personal D civil 73. A confronted B conformed C concerned D confused 74. A bind B attain C transfer D recruit 75. A Lest B Unless C Before D As 76. A with B for C on D by 77. A dominate B stretch C enforce D intensify 78. A creative B technical C narrative D physical 79. A priority B option C challenge D judgment 80. A procedures B academies C thoughts D subjects 81. A until B since C whereas D if 82. A rate B discuss C order D observe 83. A typical B positive C particular D general 84. A highlighted B prescribed C focused D touched 85. A masses B workforce C faculty D communities 86. A what B whom C where D why Part VI Translation 87. Charity groups organized various activities to _________________(为地震幸存者筹款). 88. Linda _____________________(不可能收到我的电子邮件); otherwise, she would have replied. 89. It‘s my mother ______________________(一直在鼓励我不要灰心) when I have difficulties in my studies. 131 119 90. The publishing house has to _______________________(考虑这部小说的受欢迎程度). 91. It is absolutely wrong to ____________________________(仅仅以金钱来定义幸福). 2012年6月英语四级真题 Part ? Writing (30minutes) Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled Excessive Packaging following the outline given below. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words. 1.目前许多商品存在过度包装的现象 2.出现这一现象的原因 3.我对这一现象的看法和建议 On Excessive Packaging Part ? Reading Comprehension(Skimming and Scanning)(15minutes) Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer sheet 1. For questions 1-7,choose the best answer from the four choices marked A)，B)，C)and D). For questions 8-10,complete the sentences with the information given in the passage. Small Schools Rising This year's list of the top 100 high schools shows that today, those with fewer students are flourishing. Fifty years ago, they were the latest thing in educational reform: big, modern, suburban high schools with students counted in the thousands. As baby boomers(二战后 婴儿潮时期出生的人) came of high-school age, big schools promised economic efficiency. A greater choice of courses, and, of course, better football teams. Only years later did we understand the trade-offs this involved: the creation of excessive bureaucracies(官僚机 构)，the difficulty of forging personal connections between teachers and students.SAT scores began dropping in 1963;today,on average,30% of students do not complete high school in four years, a figure that rises to 50% in poor urban neighborhoods. While the emphasis on teaching to higher, test-driven standards as set in No Child Left Behind resulted in significantly better performance in elementary(and some middle)schools, high schools for a variety of reasons seemed to have made little progress. Size isn't everything, but it does matter, and the past decade has seen a noticeable countertrend toward smaller schools. This has been due ,in part ,to the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, which has invested $1.8 billion in American high schools, helping to open about 1,000 small schools-most of them with about 400 kids each with an average enrollment of only 150 per grade, About 500 more are on the drawing board. Districts all over the country are taking notice, along with mayors in cities like New York, Chicago and San Diego. The movement includes independent public charter schools, such as No.1 120131 BASIS in Tucson, with only 120 high-schoolers and 18 graduates this year. It embraces district-sanctioned magnet schools, such as the Talented and Gifted School, with 198 students, and the Science and Engineering Magnet,with383,which share a building in Dallas, as well as the City Honors School in Buffalo, N.Y., which grew out of volunteer evening seminars for students. And it includes alternative schools with students selected by lottery(抽签)，such as H-B Woodlawn in Arlington, Va. And most noticeable of all, there is the phenomenon of large urban and suburban high schools that have split up into smaller units of a few hundred, generally housed in the same grounds that once boasted thousands of students all marching to the same band. Hillsdale High School in San Mateo, Calif, is one of those, ranking No.423-among the top 2% in the country-on Newsweek's annual ranking of America's top high schools. The success of small schools is apparent in the listings. Ten years ago, when the first Newsweek list based on college-level test participation was published, only three of the top 100 schools had graduating Classes smaller than 100 students. This year there are 22. Nearly 250 schools on the full ,Newsweek list of the top 5% of schools nationally had fewer than 200 graduates in 2007. Although many of Hillsdale's students came from wealthy households, by the late 1990 average test scores were sliding and it had earned the unaffectionate nickname (绰 号) "Hillsjail. " Jeff Gilbert. A Hillsdale teacher who became principal last year, remembers sitting with other teachers watching students file out of a graduation ceremony and asking one another in astonishment, "How did that student graduate?" So in 2003 Hillsdale remade itself into three "houses," romantically named Florence, Marrakech and Kyoto. Each of the 300 arriving ninth graders are randomly(随机地) assigned to one of the houses. Where they will keep the same four core subject teachers for two years, before moving on to another for 11th and 12th grades. The closeness this system cultivates is reinforced by the institution of "advisory" classes Teachers meet with students in groups of 25, five mornings a week, for open-ended discussions of everything from homework problems to bad Saturday-night dates. The advisers also meet with students privately and stay in touch with parents, so they are deeply invested in the students' success."We're constantly talking about one another's advisers," says English teacher Chris Crockett. "If you hear that yours isn't doing well in math, or see them sitting outside the dean's office, it's like a personal failure." Along with the new structure came a more demanding academic program, the percentage of freshmen taking biology jumped from 17 to 95."It was rough for some. But by senior year, two-thirds have moved up to physics," says Gilbert "Our kids are coming to school in part because they know there are adults here who know them and care for them."But not all schools show advances after downsizing, and it remains to be seen whether smaller schools will be a cure-all solution. The Newsweek list of top U.S. high schools was made this year, as in years past, 121131 according to a single metric, the proportion of students taking college-level exams. Over the years this system has come in for its share of criticism for its simplicity. But that is also its strength: it's easy for readers to understand, and to do the arithmetic for their own schools if they'd like. Ranking schools is always controversial, and this year a group of 38 superintendents(地区教育主管)from five states wrote to ask that their schools be excluded from the calculation."It is impossible to know which high schools are 'the best' in the nation, "their letter read. in part. "Determining whether different schools do or don't offer a high quality of education requires a look at man different measures, including students' overall academic accomplishments and their subsequent performance in college. And taking into consideration the unique needs of their communities." In the end, the superintendents agreed to provide the data we sought, which is, after all, public information. There is, in our view, no real dispute here, we are all seeking the same thing, which is schools that better serve our children and our nation by encouraging students to tackle tough subjects under the guidance of gifted teachers. And if we keep working toward that goal, someday, perhaps a list won't be necessary. 1( Fifty years ago. big. Modern. Suburban high schools were established in the hope of __________. A) ensuring no child is left behind B) increasing economic efficiency C) improving students' performance on SAT D)providing good education for baby boomers 2. What happened as a result of setting up big schools? A)Teachers' workload increased. B)Students' performance declined. C)Administration became centralized. D)Students focused more on test scores. 3.What is said about the schools forded by the Bill and Melinda Gates foundation? A)They are usually magnet schools. B)They are often located in poor neighborhoods. C)They are popular with high-achieving students. D)They are mostly small in size. 4.What is most noticeable about the current trend in high school education? A)Some large schools have split up into smaller ones. B)A great variety of schools have sprung up in urban and suburban areas. C)Many schools compete for the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation funds. D)Students have to meet higher academic standards. 5.Newsweek ranked high schools according to . 122131 A)their students' academic achievement B)the number of their students admitted to college C)the size and number of their graduating classes D)their college-level test participation 6.What can we learn about Hillsdale's students in the late 1990s? A)They were made to study hard like prisoners. B)They called each other by unaffectionate nicknames. C)Most of them did not have any sense of discipline, D)Their school performance was getting worse. 7.According to Jeff Gilbert, the "advisory" classes at Hillsdale were set up so that students could . A)tell their teachers what they did on weekends B)experience a great deal of pleasure in learning C)maintain closer relationships with their teachers D)tackle the demanding biology and physics courses 8.________is still considered a strength of Newsweek's school ranking system in spite of the criticism it receives. 9.According to the 38 superintendents, to rank schools scientifically, it is necessary to use________. 10.To better serve the children and our nation, schools students to take________. Part ? Listening Comprehension (35minutes) Section A Directions: in this section you will hear 8 short conversations, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A)、B)、C)and D)、and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. 11. A)Trying to sketch a map C)Discussing a house plan. B)Painting the dining room. D)Cleaning the kitchen. 12.A)She is tired of the food in the canteen. B)She often eats in a French restaurant. C) She usually takes a snack in the KFC. D)She in very fussy about what she eats. 13.A) Listening to some loud music C)Talking loudly on the telephone. B)Preparing for as oral examination. D)Practicing for a speech contest. 14.A)The man has left a good impression on her family. B)The man can dress casually for the occasion. 123131 C)The man should buy himself a new suit. D)The man's jeans and T-shirts are stylish. 15.A)Grey pants made from pure cotton. C)100% cotton pants in dark blue. B) Fashionable pants in bright colors. D)Something to match her brown pants. 16.A) Its price. C)Its comfort. B)Its location D)Its facilities. 17.A)Travel overseas. C)Take a photo. B)Look for a new job. D)Adopt a child. 18.A)It is a routine offer. C)It is quite healthy. B)It is new on the menu. D)It is a good bargain. Questions 19 to 22 are based on the conversation you . 19.A)Hosting an evening TV program. C)Lecturing on business management. B) Having her bicycle repaired. D)Conducting a market survey. 20.A) He repaired bicycles. C)He worked as a salesman. B)He served as a consultant. D)He coached in a racing club. 21.A) He wanted to be his own boss. B) He found it more profitable C)He didn't want to start from scratch. D)He didn't want to be in too much debt. 22.A)They work five days a week. C)They are paid by the hour. B)They are all the man's friends. D)They all enjoy gambling. Questions 23 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard. 23.A)It has gradually given way to service industry. B)It remains a major part of industrial activity. C)It has a history as long as paper processing. D)It accounts for 80 percent of the region's GDP. 24.A) Transport problems. C)Lack of resources. B)Shortage of funding. D)poor management. 25.A) Competition from rival companies. C)Possible locations for a new factory B)Product promotion campaigns. D)Measures to create job opportunities. Section B Directions: In this section you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A),B),C)and D).Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. Passage One Questions 26 to 28 are based on the passage you have just heard. 124131 26.A)They shared mutual friends in school. B)They had known each other since childhood. C)They shared many extracurricular activities. D)They had many interests in common. 27.A)At a local club. B)At the sports center. B)At Joe's house. D)At the bearing school. 28.A)Durable friendships can be very difficult to maintain B)One has to be respectful of other people in order to win respect. C)It is hard for people from different backgrounds to become friends D)Social divisions will break down if people get to know each other Passage Two Questions 29 to 31 are based as the passage you have just heart. 29.A)Near the entrance of a park. C)At a parking meter. B)In his building's parking lot D)At a street corner. 30.A)It had been taken by the police C)In had been stolen by someone. B)it had keen moved to the next block. D )it had been parked at a wrong place 31. A)At the Greenville center. C)In a neighboring town. B) At a public parking lot. D)In a the city garage. Passage Three Questions 32 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard. 32.A)Famous creative individuals. C)A major scientific discovery. B)The mysteriousness of creativity. D)Creativity as shown in arts. 33.A)It is something people all engage in. C) It starts soon after we are born. B) It helps people acquire knowledge. D) It is the source of all artistic work. 34.A) Creative imagination. C) Natural curiosity. B) Logical reasoning D) Critical thinking. 35.A)It is beyond ordinary people. C)It is part of everyday life. B)It is yet to be fully understood. D)It is a unique human trait. Section C Directions: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information. For these blanks you can other use the exact words you have just heard or write down the main points in your are words. Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written. Students have been complaining more and more about stolen property. Radios, cell phones, bicycles, pocket(36) ,and books have all been reported stolen. Are there enough campus police to do the job? There are 20 officers in the Campus Security Division Their job is to(37) crime, 125131 accidents lost and found(38) ,and traffic problems on campus. More than half of their time is spent directing traffic and writing parking tickets.(39) promptly to accidents and other(40) is important, but it is their smallest job. Dealing with crime takes up the rest of their time. Very(41) do any violent crimes actually(42) .In the last five years there have been no(43) .seven robberies and about 60 other violent attacks, most of these involving fights at parties. On the other hand,(44) ,which usually involves breaking windows or lights or writing on walls. The thefts are not the carefully planned burglaries(入室盗窃)that you see in movies.(45) Do we really need more police? Hiring more campus police would cost money, possibly making our tuition go up again.(46) Part ? Reading Comprehension(Reading in depth)(25minntes) Section A Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a ward bank Read the passage through carefully before making your choices Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each them on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once. Questions 47 to 56 are based on the following passage, One in six. Believe it or not, that's the number of Americans who struggle with hanger To make tomorrow a little better, Feeding Action Month. As part of its 30 Ways in 30 Days program, It's asking 48 across the country to help the more than 200 food banks and 61,000 agencies in its network provide low-income individuals and families with the fuel they need to 49 . It's the kind of work that's done every day at St. Andrew's Episcopal Church in San Antonio, People who 50 at its front door on the first and third Thursdays of each month aren't looking for God-they're there for something to eat, St. Andrew's runs a food pantry(食品堂)that 51 the city and several of the 52 towns. Janet Drane is its manager. In the wake of the 53 .the number of families in need of food assistance began to grow. It is 54 that 49 million Americans are unsure of where they will find their next meal What's most surprising is that 36% of them live in 55 where at least one adult is working."It used to be that one job was all you needed." says St. Andrew's Drane."The people we see now have three or four part-time jobs and they're still right on the edge 56 ." A)survive I)formally B) surrounding J)financially C)serves K)domestic D)reviewed L)competition 126131 E)reported M)communities F)recession N)circling G)households O)accumulate H)gather Section B Directions: there are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements For each of them there are four choices marked A),B),C) and D).You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheer 2 with a single line through the centre. Passage One Questions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage. In times of economic crisis. Americans turn to their families for support. If the Great Depression is any guide, we may see a drop in our skyhigh divorce rate. But this won't necessarily represent. an increase in happy marriages. In the long run, the Depression weakened American families, and the current crisis will probably do the same. We tend to think of the Depression as a time when families pulled together to survive huge job losses, By 1932. when nearly one-quarter of the workforce was unemployed, the divorce rate had declined by around 25% from 1929 But this doesn't mean people were suddenly happier with their marriages. Rather, with incomes decreasing and insecure jobs, unhappy couples often couldn't afford to divorce. They feared neither spouse could manage alone. Today, given the job losses of the past year, fewer unhappy couples will risk starting separate households, Furthermore, the housing market meltdown will make it more difficult for them to finance their separations by selling their homes. After financial disasters family members also tend to do whatever they can to help each other and their communities, A 1940 book. The Unemployed Man and His Family, described a family in which the husband initially reacted to losing his job "with tireless search for work."He was always active, looking for odd jobs to do. The problem is that such an impulse is hard to sustain Across the country, many similar families were unable to maintain the initial boost in morale(士气). For some, the hardships of life without steady work eventually overwhelmed their attempts to keep their families together. The divorce rate rose again during the rest of the decade as the recovery took hold. Millions of American families may now be in the initial stage of their responses to the current crisis, working together and supporting one another through the early months of unemployment. Today's economic crisis could well generate a similar number of couples whose relationships have been irreparably(无法弥补地)ruined. So it's only when the economy is healthy again that we'll begin to see just how many broken families have been created. 注意:此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。 57(In the initial stage, the current economic crisis is likely to __________. A)tear many troubled families apart B)contribute to enduring family ties C)bring about a drop in the divorce rate D)cause a lot of conflicts in the family 127131 58.In the Great Depression many unhappy couples close to stick together because A)starting a new family would be hard B)they expected things would turn better C)they wanted to better protect their kids D)living separately would be too costly 59.In addition to job losses. What stands in the way of unhappy couples getting a divorce? A)Mounting family debts B)A sense of insecurity C)Difficulty in getting a loan D)Falling housing prices 60.What will the current economic crisis eventually do to some married couples? A)It will force them to pull their efforts together B)It will undermine their mutual understanding C)It will help strengthen their emotional bonds D)It will irreparably damage their relationship 61.What can be inferred from the last paragraph? A)The economic recovery will see a higher divorce rate B)Few couples can stand the test of economic hardships C)A stable family is the best protection against poverty. D)Money is the foundation of many a happy marriage Passage Two Questions 62 to 66 are based on the following passage: People are being lured (引诱)onto Facebook with the promise of a fun, free service without realizing they're paying for it by giving up toads of personal information. Facebook then attempts to make money by selling their data to advertisers that want to send targeted messages. Most Facebook users don't realize this is happening. Even if they know what the company is up to, they still have no idea what they're paying for Face book because people don't really know what their personal data is worth. The biggest problem, however, is that the company keeps changing the rules Early on you keep everything private. That was the great thing about facebook you could create own little private network. Last year. The company changed its privacy rules so that many things you city. Your photo, your friends' names-were set, by default (默认)to be shared with every one on the Internet. According to Facebook's vice-president Elliot Schrage, the company is simply making changes to improve its service, and if people don't share information They have a "less satisfying experience". Some critics think this is more about Facebook looking to make more money. In original business model, which involved selling ads and putting then At the side of the pages totally Who wants to took at ads when they're online connecting with their friends? The privacy issue has already landed Facebook in hot water in Washington. In April. Senator Charles Schumer called on Facebook to change its privacy policy. He also urged the Federal Trade Commission to set guidelines for social-networking sites."I think the senator rightly communicated that we had not been clear about what the new products were and how people could choose to use them or not to use them," Schrage admits. 128131 I suspect that whatever Facebook has done so far to invade our privacy, it's only the beginning. Which is why I'm considering deactivating(撤销)my account. Facebook is a handy site, but I'm upset by the idea that my information is in the hands of people I don't That's too high a price to pay. 62.What do we learn about Facebook from the first paragraph? A)It is a website that sends messages to targeted users. B)It makes money by putting on advertisements. C)It profits by selling its users' personal data. D)It provides loads of information to its users. 63.What does the author say about most Facebook users? A)They are reluctant to give up their personal information. B)They don't know their personal data enriches Facebook. C)They don't identify themselves when using the website. D)They care very little about their personal information. 64.Why does Facebook make changes to its rules according to Elliot Schrage? A)To render better service to its users. B)To conform to the Federal guidelines. C)To improve its users' connectivity. D)To expand its scope of business. 65.Why does Senator Charles Schumer advocate? A)Setting guidelines for advertising on websites. B)Banning the sharing of users' personal information. C)Formulating regulations for social-networking sites. D)Removing ads from all social-networking sites. 66.Why does the author plan to cancel his Facebook account? A)He is dissatisfied with its current service. B)He finds many of its users untrustworthy. C)He doesn't want his personal data abused. D)He is upset by its frequent rule changes. Part V Cloze (15 minutes) Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A),B),C) and D)on the right side of the paper. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. Because conflict and disagreements are part of all close relationships, couples need to learn strategies for managing conflict in a healthy and constructive way. Some couples just 67 and deny the presence of any conflict in a relationship.68 ,denying the existence of conflict results in couples 69 to solve their problems at early70,which can then lead to even greater problems later71.Not surprisingly, expressing anger and disagreement leads to lower marital (婚姻的)satisfaction at the beginning. However, this pattern of behavior 72 increases in marital satisfaction over time. Research suggests that working 73 conflicts is an important predictor of marital satisfaction. 129131 So, what can you do to manage conflict in your own relationships? First, try to understand the other person's point of view 74 put yourself in his of her place. People who are 75 to what their partner thinks and feels 76 greater relationship satisfaction. For example, researchers found that among people in dating relationships 77 marriages, those who can adopt their partner's perspective show more positive78.more relationship-enhancing attributes and more constructive responses 79 conflict. Second, because conflict and disagreements are an 80 part of close relationships. People need to be able to apologize to their partner for wrongdoing and 81 forgiveness from their parents for their own acts. Apologies minimize conflict, lead to forgiveness, and serve to restore relationship closeness. In line 82 this view, spouses who are more forgiving show higher mental 83 over time. Increasingly, apologizing can even have 84 health benefits. For example, when people reflect on hurtful85and grudges(怨恨)，they show negative physiological(生理的) effects, including 86 heart rate and blood pressure, compared to when they reflect on sympathetic perspective-taking and forgiving. 67.A)resolve B)regret C)abandon D)avoid 68. A)Besides B)Therefore C)Moreover D)However 69. A)trying B)declining C)failing D)striving 70. A)ages B)years C)stages D)intervals 71. A)on B)by C)off D)away 72. A)prescribes B)protests C)proves D)predicts 73. A)round B)amid C)among D)through 74. A)so B)while C)but D)and 75. A)sensitive B)superior C)exclusive D)efficient 76. A)expose B)experience C)explore D)exploit 77. A)as long as B)as far as C)as well as D)as soon as 78. A)minds B)emotions C)psychology D)affection 79. A)to B)against C)at D)toward 80. A)absolute B)inevitable C)essential D)obvious 81. A)require B)inquire C)receive D)achieve 82. A)over B)with C)up D)of 83. A)quality B)identity C)charity D)capability 84. A)creative B)positive C)objective D)competitive 85. A)prospects B)concepts C)memories D)outlooks 86. A)added B)toughened C)strengthened D)increased Part Vl Translation (5 minutes) Directions: Complete the sentences by translating into English the Chinese given in brackets. Please write your translation on Answer Sheet 2 130131 87(Those flowers looked as if they_____________________(好长时间没有浇水了). 88.Fred bought a car last week. It is____________________(比我的车便宜一千英镑). 89.This TV program is quite boning We might______________(不妨听听音乐) 90(He left his office in a hurry, with______________________(灯亮着，门开着) 91(The famous novel is said to ________________________(已经被译成多种语言). 131131