英语四级完型填空(第二部分)

英语四级完型填空(第二部分) 第二部分 完型填空全真模拟 (Passages 1-8) 大纲样题 Directions: For each numbered blank in the following passage, there are four choices marked A,B,C and D. Choose the best one and mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET 1 by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil. (10 points) During the 1980s, unemployment and underemployment in some countries was as high as 90 per cent. Some countries did not 31 enough food; basic needs in housing and clothing were not 32 . Many of these countries looked to the industrial processes of the developed nations 33 solutions. 34 , problems cannot always be solved by copying the industrialized nations. Industry in the developed nations is highly automated and very 35 . It provides fewer jobs than labor-intensive industrial processes, and highly 36 workers are needed to 37 and repair the equipment. These workers must be trained, 38 many nations do not have the necessary training institutions. Thus, the 39 of importing industry becomes higher. Students must be sent abroad to 40 vocational and professional training. 41 , just to begin training, the students must 42 learn English, French, German, or Japanese. The students then spend many years abroad, and 43 do not return home. All nations agree that science and technology 44 be shared. The point is; countries 45 the industrial processes of the developed nations need to look carefully 46 the costs, because many of these costs are 47 . Students from these nations should 48 the problems of the industrialized countries closely. 49 care, they will take home not the problems of science and technology, 50 the benefits. 31. A) generate B) raise C) produce D) manufacture 32. A) answered B) met C) calculated D) remembered 33. A) for B) without C) as D) about 34. A) Moreover B) Therefore C)AnywayD) However 35. A) expensive B) mechanical C) flourishingD) compli cated 36. A) gifted B) skilled C) trained D) versatile 37.A) keep B) maintain C) retain D) protect 38. A) since B) so C) and D) yet 39. A) charge B) price C) costD) value 40. A) accept B) gain C) receive D) absorb 41. A) Frequently B) Incidentally C) DeliberatelyD) Eventually 42.A) soon B) quickly C) D) first immiediately 43.A) some B) others C) severalD) few 44. A) might B) should C) wouldD) will 45. A) adopting B) conducting C) receiving D) adjusting 46.A) to B) at C) on D) about 47.A) opaque B) secret C) sealed D) hidden 48. A) tackle B) learn C) study D) manipulate 49. A) In B) Through C) WithD) Under 50.A) except B) nor C) or D) but Passage 1 Silence is unnatural to man. He begins life with a cry and ends it in stillness. In the 21 he does all he can to make a noise in the world, and there are few things 22 he stands in more fear than of the 23 of noise. Even his conversation is 24 a desperate attempt to prevent a dreadful silence. If he is introduced to a fellow mortal and a number of 25 occur in the conversation, he regards himself as a failure, a worthless person, and is full of 26 of the emptiest-headed chatterbox. He knows that ninety-nine percent of human conversation means 27 the buzzing of a fly, but he longs to join in the buzz and to prove that he is man and not a wax-work 28 . The object of conversation is not, 29 the most part, to communicate ideas; it is to 30 the buzzing sound. Most buzzing, 31 , is agreeable to the ear, and some of it is agreeable even to the 32 . He would be a foolish man, however, 33 waited until he had a wise thought to take part in the buzzing with his neighbors. Those who 34 the weather as a conversational opening seem to be 35 of the reason why human beings wish to talk. Very few human beings join in a conversation 36 the hope of learning anything new. Some of them are 37 if they are merely allowed to go on making a noise into other people's ears, though they have nothing to tell them 38 they have seen a new play. At the end of an evening during which they have said nothing at immense 39 , they justly 40 themselves on their success as conversationalists. 21. [A] intervention [B] interval[C] eclipse [D] meantime 22.[A] of which [B] in which [C] with which [D] by which 23. [A] pre sence[B] abundance [C] existence[D] absence 24. [A] in great [B] in brief [C] all in all [D] at least measure 25. [A] hesitations [B] delays [C] [D] pauses interruptions 26. [A] admiration [B]envy [C] [D] revenge amazement 27. [A] more than [B] no less [C] rather than [D] no more than than 28.[A] character [B] figure[C] role [D] personality 29. [A] for [B] in [C] at [D] on 30.[A] carry out [B] pick up [C]speed up [D] keep up 31. [A] particularly [B] [C] [D] utterly unfortunatelyfortunately. 32.[A] mind [B] mentality [C] [D] wit intelligence 33. [A] who [B] when[C] if [D] which 34. [A] dispose [B] dispatch[C] dismiss [D] despise 35. [A] ignorant [B] negligible [C] obscure [D] inconspicuous 36. [A] at [B] against[C] with [D] in 37.[A]disgusted [B] content[C] disgraced [D] discouraged 38. [A] in that [B] so that[C] such that [D] except that 39. [A] length [B] expanse[C] stretch [D] span 40.[A] prey [B] model [C] respect[D] pride Passage 2 Recent legal research indicated that incorrect identification is a major factor in many miscarriages (失败) of justices. It also suggests that identification of people by witnesses in a courtroom is not as 21 as commonly believed. Recent studies do not support the 22 of faith judges, jurors, lawyers and the police have in eyewitness evidence. The Law Commission recently published an educational paper, "Total Recall? The Reliability of Witness 23 ", as a companion guide to a proposed code of evidence. The paper finds that commonly held 24 about how our minds work and how well we remember are often wrong. But while human memory is 25 change, it should not be underestimated. In court witnesses are asked to give evidence about events, and judges and juries 26 its Feliability. The paper points out that memory is complex, and reliability of any person's recall must be assessed 27 . Both common sense and research say memory 28 over time. The accuracy of recall and recognition are 29 their best immediately 30 encoding the information, declining at first rapidly, then gradually. The longer the delay, the more likely it is that information obtained after the event will interfere 31 the original memory, which reduces 32 . The paper says 33 interviews or media reports can create such 34 . "People are particularly susceptible to having their memories 35 when the passage of time allows the original memory to 36 , and will be most susceptible if they repeat the 37 as fact." Witnesses may see or read information after the event, then 38 it to produce something 39 than what was experienced, significantly reducing the reliability, of their memory of an event or offender, "Further, witnesses may strongly believe in their memories, even though aspects of those memories are 40 false." 21. [A] trustful [B] reliable [C] innocent[D] considerable 22. [A] rate [B] degree[C] extent [D] scale 23.[A] Manifestation [B] Declaration [C] [D] Testimony Presentation 24.[A] perceptions [B] acceptances [C] [D] receptions permissions 25. [A] subject to [B] liable for[C] incapable [D] attributable of to 26. [A] assess [B] appreciate [C] calculate[D] speculate 27. [A] interactively [B] [C] [D] individually comparatively horizontally 28.[A] descends [B] declines [C] inclines[D] degrades 29. [A] at [B] in [C] on [D] upon 30. [A] before [B] after [C] when[D] until 31. [A] with [B] in [C] at [D] on 32.[A] appropriacy [B] accuracy [C]originality[D] justice 33. [A] consequent [B] successive[C] [D] preceding subsequent 34. [A] distortions[B] [C] [D]malformatio deformationsmalfunctions ns 35.[A] altered [B] transformed [C] converted [D] modified 36. [A] fade [B] diminish[C] lessen [D] dwell 37. [A] misinformation [B] [C] [D] mistreatmentmisguidance misjudgement 38. [A] associate [B] connect [C] link [D] integrate 39. [A ] other [B] rather[C] more [D] less 40.[A] invariably [B] constantly [C] justifiably [D] verifiably Passage 3 Throughout the 19th century and into the 20th, citizens of the United States maintained a bias against big cities. Most lived on farms and in small towns and believed cities to be centres of 21 , crime, poverty and moral 22 . Their distrust was caused 23 , by a national ideology that, 24 farming the greatest occupation and rural living , 25 to urban living. This attitude 26 even as the number of urban dwellers increased and cities became an essential 27 of the national landscape. Gradually, economic reality overcame ideology. Thousands 28 the precarious(不稳 定的)life on the farm for more secure and better paying jobs in the city. But when these people 29 from the country-side, they carried their fears and suspicions with them. These new urbanities, already convinced that cities were 30 with great problems. eagerly 31 the progressive reforms that promised to bring order out of the 32 of the city. One of many reforms came 33 the area of public utilities. Water and sewerage systems were usually operated by 34 governments, but the gas and electric networks were privately owned. Reformers feared that the privately owned utility companies would 35 exorbitant(过度的)rate for these essential services and 36 them only to people who could afford them. Some city and state governments responded by 37 the utility companies, but a number of cities began to supply these services themselves. 38 of these reforms argued that public ownership and regulation would 39 widespread access to these utilities and guarantee a 40 price. 21. [A] eruption [B] corruption[C] [D] interruption provocation 22. [A] disgrace [B] deterioration[C] dishonor [D] degradation 23. [A] by origin [B] in part [C] at all [D] at random 24. [A] proclaimed [B] exclaimed [C] claimed [D] reclaimed 25. [A] superb [B] super[C] [D] superior exceptional 26. [A] predominated [B] dominated [C] [D] prevailed commanded 27. [A] feature [B] peculiarity [C] quality [D] attribute 28.[A] deserted [B] departed [C] abolished [D] abandoned 29. [A] reallocated [B] migrated[C] replaced [D] substituted 30. [A] overwhelmed [B] overflowed [C] overtaken [D] preoccupied 31. [A] embraced [B] adopted[C] hugged [D] contained 32. [A] chaos [B] chores[C] chorus [D] outbreaks 33. [A] at [B] by [C] out [D] in 34. [A] public [B] municipal[C] republican [D] national 35. [A] charge [B] take [C] cost[D] spend 36.[A] distribute [B] deliver [C] transfer [D] transport 37.[A] degenerating [B] generating [C] [D] regulating regenerating 38.[A] Proponents [B] Opponents [C] Sponsors [D] Rivals 39.[A] secure [B] ensure [C] reassure [D] incur 40. [A] fair [B] just [C] square [D] objective Passage 4 Psychologist Alfred Adler suggested that the primary goal of the psyche (灵魂、精神)was superiority. Although 21 he believed that individuals struggled to achieve superiority over others, Adler eventually 22 a more complex definition of the drive for superiority. Adler's concept of striving for superiority does not 23 the everyday meaning of the word superiority. He did not mean that we innately(天生地)seek to 24 one another in rank or position, 25 did he mean that we seek to 26 an attitude of exaggerated importance over our peers. 27 , Adler's drive for superiority involves the desire to be competent and effective, complete and thorough, in 28 one strives to do. Striving for superiority occasionally takes the 29 of an exaggerated lust for power An individual may seek to play go and 30 control over objects and people. The goal may introduce a 31 tendency into our lives, in which we play games of " dog eat dog". But such expressions of the desire of the desire for superiority do not 32 its more positive, constructive nature. 33 Adler, striving for superiority is innate and is part of the struggle for 34 that human beings share with other species in the process of evolution. From this 35 , life is not 36 by the need to reduce tension or restore 37 , as Sigmund Freud tended to think; 38 , life is encouraged by the desire to move from below to above, from minus to plus, from inferior to superior. The particular ways in which individuals 39 their quest(追求)for superiority are 40 by their culture, their unique history, and their style of life. 21. [A] instinctively [B] initially [C] [D] invariably presumably 22.[A] designed [B] devised [C] [D] developed manipulated 23[A] refer to [B] point to [C] comply [D] stand up with for 24.[A] surpass [B] overpass [C] overthrow [D] pursue 25. [A] or [B] never [C] hardly [D] nor 26. [A] retain [B] sustain [C] maintain [D] obtain 27. [A]Rather [B] Despite[C] Though [D] Thus 28. [A] which [B] that [C] whichever [D] whatever 29. [A] form [B] format [C] formation [D] shape 30.[A] operate [B] speculate [C] exercise [D] resume 31. [A] ambiguous [B] intricate[C] deliberate [D] hostile 32.[A] reflect [B] abide[C] glorify [D] project 33.[A] According to [B] In terms of [C] Reg ardless [D] In view of of 34. [A] survivor [B] survival [C] durability [D] consistency 35.[A] respective [B] prospect [C] profile[D] perspective 36. [A] motivated [B] animated [C] inspired [D] elevated 37. [A] equation [B] equivalent[C] equilibrium [D] equality 38.[A] subsequently [B] instead [C] [D] otherwise consequently 39.[A] undermines [B] overtakes [C] flings [D] undertakes 40. [A] determined [B] resolved[C] [D] reinforced consolidated Passage 5 Most people who travel long distances complain of jetlag. Jetlag makes business travelers less productive and more prone 1 making mistakes. It is actually caused by 2 of your "body clock" ---a small cluster of brain cells that controls the timing of biological 3 . The body clock is designed for a 4 rhythm of daylight and darkness, so that it is thrown out of balance when it 5 daylight and darkness at the "wrong" times in a new time zone. The 6 of jetlag often persist for days 7 the internal body clock slowly adjusts to the new time zone. Now a new anti-jetlag system is 8 that is based on proven 9 pioneering scientific research. Dr. Martin Moore-Ede has 10 a practical strategy to adjust the body clock much sooner to the new time zone 11 controlled exposure to bright light. The time zone shift is easy to accomplish and eliminates 12 of the discomfort of jetlag. A successful time zone shift depends on knowing the exact times to either 13 or avoids bright light. Exposure to light at the wrong time can actually make jetlag worse. The proper schedule 14 light exposure depends a great deal on 15 travel plans. Data on a specific flight itinerary(喷气飞行时差反应)and the individual's sleep 16 are used to produce a Trip Guide with 17 on exactly when to be exposed to bright light. When the Trip Guide calls 18 bright light you should spend time outdoors if possible. If it is dark outside, or the weather is bad, 19 you are on an aeroplane, you can use a special light device to provide the necessary light 20 for a range of activities such as reading, watching TV or working. 1. [A] from [B] of [C] for [D] to 2. [A] eruption [B] disruption [C] rupture [D] corruption 3. [A] actions [B] functions [C] behavior [D] reflection 4. [A] formal [B] continual [C] regular [D] circular 5. [A] experiences [B] possesses [C] encounters [D] retains 6. [A] signs [B] defects [C] diseases [D] symptoms 7. [A] if [B] whereas [C] while [D] although 8. [A] agreeable [B] available [C] adaptable [D] approachable 9. [A] extensive [B] tentative [B] broad [D] inclusive 10. [A] devised [B] scrutinized [C] visualized [D] recognized 11. [A] in [B] as [C] at [D] through 12. [A] more [B] little [C] most [D] least 13. [A] shed [B] retrieve [C] seek [D] attain 14. [A] in [B] for [C] on [D] with 15. [A] specific [B] complicated [C] unique [D] peculiar 16. [A] mode [B] norm [C] style [D] pattern 17. [A] directories [B] commentaries [C] instructions [D] specifications 18. [A] up [B] off [C] on [D] for 19. [A] or [B] and [C] but [D] while 20. [A]spur [B] stimulus [C] agitation [D] acceleration Passage 6 Our ape-men forefathers had 1 obvious natural weapons in the struggle for survival in the open. They had neither the powerful teeth nor the strong claws of the big cats. They could not 2 with the bear, whose strength, speed and claws 3 an impressive "small-fire" weaponry. They could not even defend themselves 4 running swiftly like the horses, zebras or small animals. If the apemen had attempted to compete on those terms in the open, they would have been 5 to failure and extinction. But they were 6 with enormous concealed advantages of a kind not possessed by any of their competitors. In the search 7 the pickings of the forest, the ape-men had 8 efficient stereosoopic vision and a sense of colour that the animals of the grasslands did not possess. The ability to see clearly at close range permitted the ape-men to study practical problems in a way that lay far 9 the reach of the original inhabitants of the grassland. Good long-distance sight was 10 another matter. Lack of long-distance vision had not been a problem for forest-dwelling apes and monkeys because the higher the viewpoint, the 11 the range of sight--so 12 they had had to do was climb a tree. Out in the open, how ever, this simple solution was not 13 . Climbing a hill would have helped, 14 in many places the ground was flat. The ape-men 15 the only possible solution. They reared up as high as possible on their hind limbs and began to walk 16 . This vital change of physical position brought about considerable disadvantages. It was extremely unstable and it meant that the already slow ape-men became slower 17 . 18 , they persevered and their bone structure gradually be came 19 to the new, unstable position that 20 them the name Homo erectus, upright man. 1. [A] no [B] some [C] few [D] many 2. [A] match [B] compare [C] rival [D] equal 3. [A] became [B] equipped [C] posed [D] provided 4. [A] in [B] upon [C] by [D] with 5. [A] driven [B] doomed [C] forced [D] led 6. [A] bestowed [B] given [C] presented [D] endowed 7. [A] for [B] of [C] on [D] at 8. [A] progressed [B] generated [C] developed [D] advanced 9. [A] from [B] apart [C] beyond [D] above 10. [A] rather [B] quite [C] much [D] really 11. [A] greater [B] smaller [C] farther [D] nearer 12. [A] anything [B] that [C] everything [D] all 13. [A] available [B] enough [C] sufficient [D] convenient 14. [A] when [B] but [C] so [D] and 15. [A] chose [B] adopted [C] accepted [D] took 16. [A] fast [B] upright [C] steadily [D] awkwardly 17. [A] as well [B] further [C] still [D] even 18. [A] however [B] Therefore [C] Meanwhile [D] Subsequently 19. [A] accustomed [B] familiarized [C] adapted [D] suited 20. [A] obtained [B] called [C] deserved [D] earned Passage 7 Television is the most effective brain washing 1 ever invented by man. Advertisers know this to be 2 . Children are 3 by television in ways we 4 understand. In the fall of 1971, I was 5 a story involving a young white woman living on the 6 of Boston's black ghetto. Her car had 7 out of gas. She had gone to a filling station with a can and was returning to her car when she was 8 in an alley by a gang of black youths. The gang poured gasoline over her and set fire 9 her. She died of her burns. It was 10 established that some of the youths 11 had, on the night before the killing, 12 on television a rerun of an old movie in which a drifter is set on fire by an adolescent gang. There is some kind of strange reductive process 13 work here. To see something on television robs it of its reality, and then when the 14 thing is 15 out it is like the reenactment of something unread. 16 when the gang set fire to the girl, they were 17 what they had seen on a screen, 18 they themselves were on a screen, and in a story. I don't think we have 19 begun to realize how powerful a medium television is. It has already become very clear that the candidate with the most television 20 win the election. 1. [A] equipment [B] machine [C] medium [D] method 2. [A] true [B] real [C] actual [D] genuine 3. [A] influenced [B] affected [C] controlled [D] manipulated 4. [A] scarcely [B] nearly [C] completely [D] generally 5. [A] arranged [B] appointed [C] assigned [D] attributed 6. [A] outskirts [B] fringe [C] border [D] range 7. [A] used [B] consumed [C] run [D] spent 8. [A] trapped [B] caught [C] held [D] tucked 9. [A] on [B] at [C] over [D] to 10. [A] then [B] after [C] lately [D] later 11. [A] associated [B] related [C] involved [D] participated 12. [A] watch [B] watched [C] watching [D] were watching 13. [A] at [B] on [C] in [D] under 14. [A] exact [B] extraordinary [C] normal [D] same 15. [A] performed [B] played [C] practiced [D] acted 16. [A] However [B] In contrast [C] In other words [D] Even so 17. [A] imitating [B] following [C] resembling [D] reacting 18. [A] as if [B] like [C] as [D] for 19. [A] still [B] nearly [C] almost [D] even 20. [A] influence [B] capacity [C] appeal [D] contribution Passage 8 Directions: For each numbered blank in the following passage, there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best one and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets. (10 points) At least 50 percent of the world's scientific literature is in languages which more than half the world's scientists cannot read. That is to say, the greater part of 41 is published is incomprehensible, without 42 , to most of those who might 43 benefit from it. The total 44 output of new materials is estimated to be between one and two million separate pieces, so that the amount of new literature which is readable only after language barriers have been surmounted is probably 45 over half a million texts a year. Language barriers 46 all scientists, but they are much more formidable for some than for others. For example, a Spanish scientist who cannot read any language except his own is separated from more than nine tenths of the world's current scientific literature, while an Englishman knowing no foreign language is barred from only about one third. English is in 47 the most commonly used language in scientific publications. 48 suggest that it probably 49 for between one half and two thirds of the total, 50 considerable variations from subject to subject. 41. A) what B) that C) which D) everything 42. A) interpretation B) translation C) suggestion D) agreement 43. A) or B) otherwise C) contrariwise D) likewise 44. A) global B) natural C) annual D) whole 45. A) so B) very C) well D) much 46. A) face B) meet C) state D) hold 47. A) fact B) matter C) evidence D) data 48. A) Judgements B) Studies C) Estimates D) Expectations 49. A) explains B) stands C) speaks D) accounts 50. A) against B) with C) for D) between Passage 9 Nonverbal communication is communication by facial experssions, hand or eye movements, hand signals and body postures. It can be just as important to understanding as words are. Misunderstanding-often 41 but sometimes serious-can arise between people from different 42 if they misinterpret nonverbal signals. Take, for example, the gesture of a circle made 43 the thumb and index finger. To an American, it means that everything is OK; in Greece, it is an obscene gesture. Therefore, an American could unknowingly 44 a Greek by using that 45 hand signal. The following incident 46 how conflicting nonverbal signals can cause serious misunderstanding. While lecturing at a university in Cairo, a British professor became so 47 that he leaned back in his chair and revealed the bottom of his foot 48 the astonished class. Making such a gesture in Moslem 49 is the worst kind of 50 . The next day the Cairo newspapers denounced British arrogance and demanded that the professor be sent home. 41. A) filling B) surprising C) amusing D) anxious 42. A) backgrounds B) cultures C) places D) languages 43. A) using B) with C) by D) through 44. A) please B) oppose C) invade D) offend 45. A) probable B) particular C) similar D) obscene 46. A ) implies B) indicates C) illustrates D) emphasizes 47. A) reluctant B)respectful C) excited D) relaxed 48. A) to B) at C) in D) for 49. A) society B) system C) religion D) countryside 50. A) display B) intention C) insult D) behaviour Passage 10 The large arena was filled with people. It was round like an orange and the people were seated all around us. The 41 mounted as the talking of the people stopped, and it became quite. I was as nervous as a cat near water 42 the start of the race. I thought of the years of training, diets and body conditioning I had gone through in preparation for this race. Now here I was 43 the greats of all countries ready to compete. I reached for the good-luck piece I always 44 around my neck. My shaking fingers found nothing there, and I pictured it back on my desk where I had left it. I began to 45 , for to be without my good-luck piece was to be alone without my crutch. Without it, how could I win? The sound of the starting gun 46 my thoughts, and all parts of my body began to move. I ran with the speed of a gazelle. I saw 47 but the finish line, and it beckoned me onward. It wasn't until I had 48 that line and tens of people grabbed for my hand 49 I knew I had won. As they placed the gold medal around my neck, I felt like the 50 hero in a fantasy story. 41. A) excitement B) nervousness C) tightness D) tension 42. A) looked forward to B) hoping C)waiting for D) expected 43. A) beside B) with C) on D) in 44. A) dressed B) put on C) wore D) hid 45. A) panic B) dismay C) shock D) astonish 46. A) interrupted B) disturbed C) distracted D) interfered 47. A) something B) nothing C) anything D) everything 48. A) come through B) crossed C) finished D) seized 49. A) what B) while C) that D) then 50. A) conquering B) conquered C) striking D) beating Passage 11 The English language serves roughly 250 million people, or about one tenth of the world's population, as a mother tongue. 41 , it is more or less correctly used by at least 100 million more as a secondary language, ranging all the way from the Pidgin English of the islands of Melanesia to the almost flawless speech of 42 foreigners. It is the most widely 43 tongue on the face of the earth, appearing in each of the five major continents and most of the islands, large and small, that 44 the oceans. Each section of the English-speaking world has its own 45 pronunciation, vocabulary, word meanings, grammar. The two main varieties, however, are the British and the American, 46 the language of Canada approaching the latter, 47 the other British Dominions, especially Australia, New Zealand and South Africa coming closer to the British. This is roughly a two-and-a-half-to-one 48 , with the numerical odds 49 American English, but with pride of origin and 50 of tradition on the British side. 41. A. But B. Accordingly C. Sometimes D. In addition 42. A. wealthy B. graduated C. cultured D. many 43. A. mastered B. distributed C. popular D. arranged 44. A. dot B. criss-cross C. spot D. line 45. A. strangeness B. peculiarities C. nature D. particulars 46. A. with B.perhaps C. though D. unlike 47. A. nevertheless B. despite C. that of D. one of 48. A. round B. split C. more D. figure 49. A. against B. favoring C. in D. from 50. A. weight B. hope C. need D. lack Passage 12 Trams or trolley cars are now obsolete in most United States cities: generally the public travels by bus. More and more cities are 41 passengers to have the exact change in hand as they board the bus, or else "tokens" that can be bought 42 . Labor here is so expensive that conductors were long ago taken off our buses. For some years drivers had the 43 job of making change at the same time that they were operating their monster buses through traffic. 44 relatively new "exact change" rule eases the driver load; it speeds service for everyone; it also 45 the number of robberies that were taking place when drivers had a great deal of 46 money for making change. In many cities bus and subway tokens can be used interchangeably and are bought at subway booths. it is a 47 timesaver to buy tokens in considerable quantity and keep them in a special purse or envelope so that you can 48 them easily. Otherwise you have to wait in long lines in rush hours or get 49 without change just when you need to catch a bus. School children and people over sixty-five years of age can get special passes in most cities so that they can ride 50 reduced rate during certain hours of the day. 41. A. requiring B. acquiring C. inquiring D. needing 42. A. in the advance B. in advance C. before D. ahead 43. A. two B. dual C. double D. couple 44. A. That B. it C. This D. The one 45. A. deduces B. induces C. cuts D. reduces 46. A. spare B. extra C. more D. rest 47. A. great B. large C. enormous D. vast 48. A. get over B. get in C. get at D. get through 49. A. held B. seized C. caught D. trapped 50. A. by B. at C. in D. over Passage 13 Science writers must 41 information regarding scientific events. In this capacity, they make the information clearer and more understandable and help readers to coordinate fresh information 42 the knowledge they already have 43 they can relate it to personal circumstances. Science journalism also means making readers curious and entertaining them. Entertainment is the most successful didactic form. Journalists supply readers 44 material for further education and opinion-formation, because, in a society 45 terms like growth, market economy and full employment are filled with new meanings and basic technical innovations such as microelectronics and genetic engineering effect social changes, continuing education is a political necessity. The science journalist also makes 46 to the reader fields of knowledge hitherto 47 to him, conveys the fascination of science and 48 readers to follow discussions and controversies between experts. Do the popular science publications accomplish all this? If one analyzes the science magazines 49 to, one comes to the conclusion that science journalism has reached a high degree of maturity and finds the necessary reader 50 . 41. A. elect B. filter C. choose D. select 42. A. to B. for C. with D. by 43. A. so that B. in order that C. in the fact that D. on condition that 44. A. for B. with C. on D. about 45. A. on which B. by which C. in which D. of which 46. A. access B. accessible C. accessary D. accessory 47. A. know B. known C. unknow D. unknown 48. A. makes B. helps C. enables D. unable 49. A. let B. referred C. related D. concerned 50. A. acceptance B. to accept C. acceptable D. accptant Passage 14 A market is commonly thought of as a place where goods are bought and sold. 41 fruit and vegetables are sold wholesale at Convent Garden Market and meat at Smithfield Market. 42 there are markets for things other 43 commodities, in the usual sense; there may be a market for 44 that has a price. And there may be no particular place to which dealings are 45 , for buyers and sellers may be 46 over the whole world and instead of actually meeting together in a market-place they may 47 with one another by telephone, cable or letter. 48 dealings are restricted to a particular place, the dealers may 49 agents on behalf of distant clients. We must therefore define a market as any area over which buyers and sellers are in such close touch with one another 50 the prices obtainable in one part of the market affect the prices paid in other parts. 41. A. However B. Thus C. Therefore D. Furthermore 42. A. And B. So C. But D. Likewise 43. A. for B. than C. except D. besides 44. A. something B. everything C. anything D. all things 45. A. handled B. made C. conducted D. confined 46. A. spread B. sprayed C dispersed D. scattered 47. A. deal B. contact C. connect D. confront 48. A. Since B. Although C. Whenever D. Even if 49. A. make up B. consist of C. comprise of D. compose of 50. A. that B. than C. so D. therefore Passage 15 Many teachers believe that the responsibilities for learning lie with the student. If a long reading assignment is given, instructors expect students to be familiar with the 41 in the reading even if they do not discuss it in class or take an examination. The 42 student is considered to be one who is motivated to learn for the sake of 43 , not the one interested only in getting high grades. Sometimes homework is returned with brief written comments but without a grade. Even if a grade is not given, the student is 44 for learning the material assigned. When research is assigned, the professor expects the student to take it actively and to complete it with 45 guidance. It is the student's responsibility to find books, magazines, and articles in the library. Professors do not have the time to explain 46 a university library works; they expect students, particularly graduate students, to be able to exhaust the reference 47 in the library. Professors will help students who need it, but 48 that their students should not be too dependent on them. In the United States professors have many other duties besides teaching, such as administrative or research work. 49 , the time that a professor can spend with a student outside of class is limited. If a student has problems with classroom work, the student should either 50 a professor during office hours or make an appointment. 41. A. suggestion B. context C. abstract D. information 42. A. poor B. ideal C. any D. disappointed 43. A. fun B. work C. learning D. prize 44. A. criticized B. innocent C. responsible D. dismissed 45. A. maximum B. minimum C. assistant's D. practical 46. A. when B. what C why D. how 47. A. selections B. collections C. sources D origins 48. A. hate B. dislike C. like D prefer 49. A. However B. Therefore C. Furthermore D. Nevertheless 50. A. greet B. annoy C. approach D. attach