新概念英语第二册笔记_第90课

Lesson 90    What's for supper?  晚餐吃什么？ 【Text】 Fish and chips has always been a favourite dish in Britain, but as the oceans have been overfished, fish has become more and more expensive. So it comes as a surprise to learn that giant fish are terrifying the divers on North Sea oil rigs. Oil rigs have to be repaired frequently and divers, who often have to work in darkness a hundred feet under water, have been frightened out of their wits by giant fish bumping into them as they work. Now they have had special cages made to protect them from these monsters. The fish are not sharks or killer whales, but favourite eating varieties like cod and skate which grow to unnatural sizes, sometimes as much as twelve feet in length. Three factors have caused these fish to grow so large: the warm water round the hot oil pipes under the sea; the plentiful supply of food thrown overboard by the crews on the rigs; the total absence of fishing boats around the oil rigs. As a result, the fish just eat and eat and grow and grow in the lovely warm water. Who eats who? 【课文】 油煎鱼加炸土豆片一直 是英国人喜爱的一道菜，但是随着海洋里的滥捕滥捞，鱼已经变得越来越昂贵。因此，听说北海石油钻井平台上的潜水员受到巨型鱼类的恐吓，确实很让人吃惊。钻井平台需要经常修理，潜水员常常要在水面100英尺以下摸黑工作，他们曾在工作时被撞到他们身上的大鱼吓得惊惶失措。现在他们有了特制的笼子，用来保护他 们免受大鱼的侵袭。这些鱼并不是鲨鱼或逆戟鲸，而是深受人们喜爱的食用鱼品种，如鳕鱼和鳐鱼，只不过它们长得出奇地大，有时长达12英尺。这些鱼能长得这 么大是由3个因素造成的：海底热的输油管道附近的温暖的海水；钻井平台工作人员抛到海里充足的食物；钻井平台周围根本没有捕鱼船只。结果是，这些鱼就在可 爱的温暖的水流中吃呀吃，长呀长。究竟谁吃谁呢？ New words and expressions 生词和短语 chip n. 油煎土豆片 overfish v. 过度捕捞 giant adj. 巨大的 terrify v. 吓，使恐怖 diver n. 潜小员 oil rig 石油钻塔 wit n. （复数）理智，头脑 cage n. 笼 shark n. 鲨鱼 whale n. 鲸 variety n. 品种 cod n. 鳕 skate n. 鳐 factor n. 因素 crew n. 全体工作人员 【生词讲解】 1. chip 1）    n. 油煎土豆片（英：potato chip / crisp） （细长的）油炸马铃薯条 （美：French fry） 2） 碎片、木碎片 have a chip on one’s shoulder（口）  心情不好、性好争吵 a chip off the old block （口）酷似父亲的儿子、 一个模子印出来的, 酷似 2. overfish      v. 过度捕捞 overcrop  v. 因过度的耕种而使土地贫瘠 overdo      v. 做得过分, 过度, 夸张 overdraw    vt. 透支, 拉过度, 夸大 overdress    v. （使）过度打扮, 穿着太考究 overeat      vi. 吃过量 3. giant 1）    adj. 巨大的 a giant corporation  一个大公司 giant panda  n. 大猫熊, 大熊猫 2)  n. （故事或传说等）巨人、大汉（相反：dwarf 矮子 ） eg：Jack saw the giant climbing down the beanstalk . 杰克看到巨人爬下豆茎。 3） n. 伟人、大人物 giants in the field of electronics  电子行业之牛耳. 4. terrify      v. 吓，使恐怖、使受惊吓 be terrified of  害怕 ..., 恐惧 ... eg：The children were terrified of being scolded.  孩子们害怕被骂。 terrify sb  惊吓某人、威胁(某人) eg：His sudden appearance terrified them.  他的突然出现，吓坏了他们。 be terrified by  / be terrified at  被……吓一跳 eg：They were terrified by his sudden appearance. ＝ They were terrified at his sudden appearance. 他的突然出现使他们都吓坏了。 terrifying  adj. 可怕的 terrified  ['terifaid] adj. 恐惧的, 受惊吓的 5. diver      n. 潜小员、跳水选手 dive   [daiv]  n.／ vi.跳水，潜水；俯冲，扑 dive from the bridge into the river  从桥上跳入河中 diver for （为寻找或取……） 潜水 eg：They dived down for oysters. 他们潜水去捞牡蛎 dive into  (突然)投入, 跳入、潜心研究 eg：He dived into the history of China. 他潜心研究中国的历史。 6. oil rig      石油钻塔 oil 1） n. 油  cooking oil  食用油 hair oil 发油  ；  heavy oil 重油  ；  light oil  轻油 2） n. 油画颜料 paint in oils  油画油 ； burn the midnight oil 开夜车 pour oil on the flame  vi. 火上加油 3） v. 在…….注 （涂）油 oil a clock  给钟加油 oil one’s hand ＝ oil one’s palm  行贿 oil the wheels （用会赂手段等） 使事情进展顺利 rig 1） n.（船） 配备、设备,钻探设备 2)　v. 给（船）上配备、打扮、装束 7. wit 1）    n. （复数）理智，头脑（wits）　 eg：He has quick wits.  他反应敏锐 eg：He lacked the wits to see what to do in the emergency. 他当时缺少临机应变的能力。 2）　机智、聪明（u） eg：His essays sparkled with wit. 他的散文才气洋溢。 eg：His speech was full of wit and humor.　 他的演讲充满了机智和幽默。 at one’s wits’ end   智穷计尽 have one’s wits about  ＝ keep one’s wits about　 头脑冷静；保持警觉；精明；足智多谋 live by one’s wits 　靠小聪明过日子 out of one’s wits  失去理智 8. shark 1）n. 鲨鱼 2）n.（口语）　骗子、贪得无厌的人、放高利贷者 9. whale      n. 鲸 eg：The whale is the largest of all animals. 所有动物鲸是最大的。 a whale of （口）　极好的、巨大的 have a whale of a time 过美好的时光 10. variety      [v??rai?ti]  n.　多样化 ←→monotony 　 [m??n?t?ni]　n.单调 a life full of variety 　丰富多彩的生活 for variety’s sake   为不单调起见，为了有所变化 a variety of 　种种，多种多样的 eg：There are a wide variety of people on the earth. 地球上有各种不同的人。 variety show  （英）综艺节目　 variety store （美）  杂货店（以低价出售日常品及其他杂货的店铺）　 various  adj. 1） 形形色色的、种种的 representatives from various countries  来自各国的代表 various experiences  种种经验 2） 许多的、好几个的（无比较级的变化）　 for various reasons 因种种理由 variation  [?ve?ri?ei??n] n.变化，变动；变体，变种；变奏(曲) variations of temperature 温度的变化 11. cod      n. 鳕鱼 C.O.D.  n. (= cash on delivery) 货到付款 12. skate 1）n. 鳐鱼 2）v. 溜冰、滑冰 eg：I want to go skating tomorrow.　 我想明天去溜冰 3） n. 溜冰鞋　ice skate  ；  roller skate 旱冰鞋 13. factor 1）n.（造成某结果的） 因素、要素 the main factor that caused dispute 　造成纠纷，的主要因素， eg：Honesty is one factor for his success.　 诚信是他成功的因素之一。 2） n. 因子、因子 14. crew  n.（船、飞机、火车等的） 全体工作人员（集体名词）  eg：The crew is large. 工作人员很多。 eg：The crew of the jet are 30 in all.　 全体机组人员总共是３０个。 eg：The plane had seventy passengers and a crew of ten. 这架飞机有七十名乘客，１０名机组人员。 crew cut 小平头  ；  crew neck 圆领毛衣 【课文讲解】 1.Fish and chips has always been a favorite dish in Britain, but as the oceans have been overfished, fish has become more and more expensive. ※fish and chips  油煎鱼加炸土豆片 ，英国的一种家常菜，被看做是一盘菜，因此用单数动词； 而Jane and Keith have always been good friends of ours 　谓语动词为have been. 用and相连的名词看成一个整体时，谓语动词用单数形式；如果把他们看成分开的部分，动词就用复数形式；如上句。 ※　more and more 越来越 eg：The spectators got more and more excited. 观众们越来越兴奋。 eg：More and more doctors have begun to use the new medicine. 越来越多的医生使用这种新药。 ※ 1）dish 在这里指“一盘菜”或“菜肴”、“食品”： eg：I like French dishes. 我喜欢（吃）法国菜。 eg：Would you like a sweet dish? 您要一盘甜食吗？ 2）the dishes餐具 3）常用于口语，用做单数,帅气的意思 eg：Mary's new boy-friend is quite a dish, isn't he? Mary新交的男朋友挺帅的，是不是？ 4）dish the dirt揭短，揭疮疤 eg：Journalists dished the dirt about this famous singer. 记者们揭了这个著名歌星的疮疤。 5）dish out 大量分发 eg：There are many people dishing out leaflets to passers-by. 有很多的人正在向路人分发传单。 2. So it comes as a surprise to learn that giant fish are terrifying the divers on North Sea oil rigs. ※ it comes to learn that 听说 North Sea 北海 l terrify, frighten, fear和 scare的区别 l frighten最普通,没有特殊的意义,仅表示"吓唬"或"使……害怕"；scare在口语中与frighten可以通用,但是在文学作品中,总是用它 表示"把某人吓跑"；scare还表示恐吓，实际并没有发生的事情。terrify指"使(某人)感到恐怖",受到这种惊吓的人是不能自制的。语气最强烈.Fear当我们害怕某种东西而而产生的一种害怕感觉。 1）terrify 使某人害怕，感到恐怖 eg: He terrified the children with ghost stories. 他用鬼故事来吓孩子们。 2)You scared me! 吓我一跳! 3. Oil rigs have to be repaired frequently and divers, who often have to work in darkness a hundred feet under water, have been frightened out of their wits by giant fish bumping into them as they work. ※ 1）be frightened out of their wits  被吓晕了、被吓得惊惶失措 （be frightened/scared to death/out of one's wits某人被吓得要死） eg：The children are frightened to death by the thunderstorm. 孩子们让雷雨吓得要命。 2）out of one's wits 表示“失去理智”、“惊慌失措”： eg：She was frightened out of her wits by the great fire. 大火吓得她惊慌失措。 eg: Are you out of your wits?（Are you out of your mind?) 你疯了吗？ 3）bump into 的含义之一是“碰上”、“撞上”： bump against/into sth与某物相撞 eg: I bumped into a chair in darkness. 我在黑暗中碰到了椅子。 eg: Wandering in darkness, the drunk bumped into a policeman. 那醉汉在黑夜中闲荡时撞到了一个警察的身上。 eg：I saw the taxi bump into a parked car .　 我看到出租车撞上一辆停着的汽车。 bump into 也可以表示“偶然遇见”、“碰见”（多用于口语）： eg: Guess who I bumped into today? 你猜我今天碰到谁了？ eg: I bumped into Jane at the conference. 我开会时碰见了简。 4. Now they have had special cages made to protect them from these monsters. ※　have sth done ＝ get sth done 让别人做某事=ask sb to do sth have had...made 是使役式的完成式。（cf．第66 课语法） have 作为完全动词还可以构成使役式，其形式为： have+名词或宾格代词+动词的过去分词。由于have 是完全动词，所以其疑问句与否定句由do/did 构成。与被动语态相似，使役式着重表示的是对某物（或某人）做了什么而不是某人做了什么。用被动语态或使役式时，我们可能不知道或认为不必指明为我们服务 的人是谁。然而，使役式比被动语态更加强调“使”别人为我们服务这一事实。我们要表示让别人为我们做某事时，通常不用主动语态。让别人给理发时，不可说I want to cut my hair 而要说 I want to have my hair cut。 eg: I' m having my car repaired. 我正在让别人修理我的汽车。（使役式的进行式） eg: Did she mend the type writer herself? No, she had it mended in town. 是她自己修理打字机的吗？（主动语态） 不，她让别人在城里修的。（使役式） eg: How nice your car looks! Thank you. I' ve just had it washed. 你的车看上去真漂亮！ 谢谢。我刚让人洗过。（使役式的完成式） eg: You' ll need some warm clothes for the journey. I'll have some new clothes made next week. 这次出去旅行你需要带一些暖和的衣服。 我下周就让人做几件。（使役式的将来式） ※ protect ……..from  ＝ protect … against eg：He is wearing sunglasses to protect his eyes from the strong sunlight. 他戴着太阳镜保护眼睛免受强光伤害。 eg: He tried to protect the child from the rain/the dog. 试图使孩子不被雨淋/狗咬。 eg: This coat will protect you against the cold. 这件大衣可以给你御寒。 5. The fish are not sharks or killer whales, but favorite eating varieties like cod and skate which grow to unnatural sizes, sometimes as much as twelve feet in length. ※ fish :  squid 鱿鱼  goldfish金鱼  carp鲤鱼  crucian 鲫鱼  scales鱼鳞  fins鳍 gill鳃  frozen fish 冻鱼  smoked fish 熏鱼  fresh fish 鲜鱼  boiled fish 煮鱼 fried fish 煎鱼  grilled fish 烤鱼 ※ favourite eating varieties, 深受人们喜爱的食用的品种。 eating 在这里为形容词，表示“供食用的”，它有时也表示“宜生食的”： eg: Eating corn is quite sweet. 食用玉米很香甜。 eg: These are eating apples, and those are cooking apples/ones. 这些是生吃的苹果，那些是烹任用的苹果。 eat up your dinner.吃完你的饭！ ※   as much as 像……一样（最大限度）数词 + 量词 + in + 名词 as far as + 从句 eg: This is as far as I can drink. 我再也不能喝了。 not ... but ...  不是……而是…… ※  twelve feet long这条鱼有13英尺长。 thirteen feet high thirteen feet wide The fish is two feet in length. The fish is one feet in width The fish is one feet in height 6. Three factors have caused these fish to grow so large: ※ cause for/to sth理由，缘故（直接原因） eg: You have no cause for complaint/You have no cause to complaint. 你没有理由抱怨 eg: Driving too fast may cause an accident. 开车太快会引起事故。 eg: She is never absent from work without good cause. 她决不无故缺勤。 v.造成（某事物）...... eg: The cold weather caused the plants to die. 天气寒冷冻死了植物。 eg: She's always causing trouble for people. 她总是给人添麻烦。 eg: This car caused me a lot of trouble. 这辆车给我带来许多麻烦。 cause sb to do sth：导致某人做某事 eg: Illness caused him to lose his temper. 疾病使他发脾气。 eg: His illness caused him to miss the game. 他因病不能参加比赛。 cause sth. to sb. / for sb. 给某人带来…… eg: He often causes trouble to / for people. cause：强调事情发生的直接原因 reason：其他各种的理由 7. The warm water round the hot oil pipes under the sea; the plentiful supply of food thrown overboard by the crews on the rigs; ※ overboard  adv.（自船上） 到水中 fall overboard  从船上落水、 从火车上掉下来 ※ plentiful    adj. 丰富的、很多的（反义词　scarce）　 a plentiful supply of water 　 水供应充足 a plentiful supply of food  食物供应充足 plenty  n. plenty of books 大量的书 plenty of money  大量的钱 　；  plenty of time 　大量的时间; plenty of　通常用于肯定句中 否定句、疑问句则用　enough , much , many 8. the total absence of fishing boats around the oil rigs. ※　absence 1）n. 缺乏、缺少 eg：Absence of rain caused the plants to die. 缺乏雨水造成植物死亡。 2）n. 不在、外出、缺席 eg： Behave yourself during my absence. 我不在时要规矩点。 after an absence of seven from school 　缺课七天之后 ※ total 1）total 在这里表示“完全的”、“彻底的”（相当于complete）： eg:  His letter is a total surprise to her. 他的来信完全出乎她的意料之外。 eg:  That girl is a total stranger to me. 我根本不认识那姑娘。 total absence of ... 完全没有…… total absence of mind 心不在焉 9. As a result, the fish just eat and eat and grow and grow in the lovely warm water. ※　as a result of 结果是（It turns out to be　） eg：He was late as a result of the traffic jam. 由于交通阻塞,他迟到了。 as a result eg:  He didn't work hard at mathematics. As a result, he failed in the examination. 他没有用功学数学。因此，他考试没及格。 ※ eat and eat and grow and grow  吃呀吃,长呀长。 eg：We waited and waited .  我们等了又等。 10. Who eats who?  究竟谁吃谁呢？ 5. favourite eating varieties 6. unnatural sizes 7. as much as 8. cause sb to do sth 9. as a result 【关键词组摘录】 1. it comes to learn          2. frighten sb out of one’s wits 3. bump into 4.  protect sb from sth 【Key structures】  have  的用法 Exercise 改写以下句子，用适当的have 结构来替代刮号中的部分： （1）Special cages（have been made） to protect the divers from these monsters . → They have had special cages made to protect the divers from these monsters . 特殊的笼子被制作出来保护潜水员免受这些怪物袭击。 （2）The oil companies（make them repaired） frequently . → The oil companies have had the rigs repaired frequently . 石油公司要经常安排人去修理钻井平台。 （3）The divers（must） often work in total darkness . → The divers often have to work in total darkness .　 潜水员必须要在完全一片漆黑中工作。 （4）　He（has published） a book. → He has a book polished . 他有一本书被出版了。 （5）　We（need） to protect fish stocks. →　We have to protect fish stocks . 我们需要保护鱼的总量。 （6）　We（have not sent） the letter to his new address . → We have not had the letter sent to his new address . 我们没有叫人把信寄了他的新地址。 （7）”　I（will send ） the package to you , “ she promised 。 承诺说他我会把包裹寄给你的。 →”I will have the package sent to you , “ she promised . 他承诺说我会找人把包裹寄给你的。 （8）（Must）　you go so soon？你这么快就要走了吗？ →Do you have to go so soon ？ （9）　Are you going to（clean） this suit ？你打算洗这件西服吗？ →Are you going to have this suit cleaned？你打算找人洗这件西服吗？ （10）　When will you（fix） this loose handle ？ 你什么时候会修理这个把手呢？ →When will you have this loose handle fixed. 你什么时候会找人修理这个把手呢？ （11）　I（must） take this car in for new brakes to be fitted . 我必须把新的新剎车调整一下 →I have to take car in to have new brakes fitted . 我必须让新的新剎车被调整一下 （12）　How long is it since you（needed） to see a doctor？ 从你上次（需要）　看病到现在有多久了。 →how long is it since you had to see a doctor？ （13）　The doctor told me I（must） get more exercise . 医生告诉我必须多锻炼。 →The doctor told me I had to get more exercise .