从修辞角度分析I have a dream（课堂PPT）

IHaveADream--MartinLutherKing,Jr.小组成员：李涧元宋云秋许莉莉韩小月陶丽香IntroductionoffiguresAnalysisofspeechSummary1).Choiceofwords2).Sentencestructure3).FiguresofspeechIntroductionoffiguressimile明喻metaphor暗喻pun双关personification拟人hyperbole夸张metonymy借代、转喻onomatcpocia拟声irony讽刺climax层递parallelism排比allusion典故periodicsentence圆周句antonomasia换称synesthesia通感alliteration头韵repetition重复antithesis对照synecdoche提喻anaphora首语反复rhetoricalquestion修辞性问句：Thequestioneralreadyhaveananswerintheheart.oxymoron矛盾修饰法：Itisacompressedparadox,formedbytheconjoining(结合)oftwocontrasting,contradictoryorincongruous(不协调)termsasinbitter-sweetmemories,orderlychaos(混乱)andproudhumility(侮辱).transferredEpithets移就：Itisafigureofspeechwhereanepithet(anadjectiveordescriptivephrase)istransferredfromthenounitshouldrightlymodify(修饰)toanothertowhichitdoesnotreallyapplyorbelong.AnalysisofspeechFivescoreyearsago,agreatAmerican,inwhosesymbolicshadowwestandtoday,signedtheEmancipationProclamation.（Allusion典故、PeriodicSentence圆周句）Thismomentousdecree(Antonomasia换称)cameasagreatbeaconlightofhope（Simile明喻）tomillionsofNegroslaveswhohadbeensearedintheflamesofwitheringinjustice（Metaphor暗喻）.Itcameasajoyousdaybreak（TransferredEpithets移就）toendthelongnightofbadcaptivity（Simile明喻）.Butonehundredyearslater（Repetition重复、parallelism排比）,theNegrostillisnotfree.Onehundredyearslater,thelifeoftheNegroisstillsadlycrippledbythemanaclesofsegregationandthechainsofdiscrimination.Onehundredyearslater,theNegrolivesonalonelyislandofpovertyinthemidstofavastoceanofmaterialprosperity（Oxymoron矛盾修饰法、Metonymy转喻、TransferredEpithets移就）.Onehundredyearslater,theNegroisstilllanguishedinthecornersofAmericansocietyandfindshimselfanexileinhisownland.Sowe’vecomeheretodaytodramatizeashamefulcondition.Inasensewe'vecometoournation'scapitaltocashacheck（Metaphor暗喻）.WhenthearchitectsofourrepublicwrotethemagnificentwordsoftheConstitutionandtheDeclarationofIndependence,theyweresigningapromissorynotetowhicheveryAmericanwastofallheir.Thisnotewasapromisethatallmen,yes,blackmenaswellaswhitemen,wouldbeguaranteedthe"unalienableRights"of"Life,LibertyandthepursuitofHappiness."ItisobvioustodaythatAmericahasdefaultedonthispromissorynote,insofarashercitizensofcolorareconcerned.Insteadofhonoringthissacredobligation,AmericahasgiventheNegropeopleabadcheck,acheckwhichhascomebackmarked"insufficientfunds."（Metaphor暗喻）Butwerefusetobelievethat（Repetition重复、parallelism排比）thebankofjusticeisbankrupt.Werefusetobelievethatthereareinsufficientfundsinthegreatvaultsofopportunityofthisnation.Andso,we'vecometocashthischeck（Metaphor暗喻）,acheckthatwillgiveusupondemandtherichesoffreedomandthesecurityofjustice.WehavealsocometothishallowedspottoremindAmericaofthefierceurgencyofNow.Thisisnotimetoengageintheluxuryofcoolingoffortotakethetranquilizingdrugofgradualism.Nowisthetimeto（Repetition重复、parallelism排比）makerealthepromisesofdemocracy.Nowisthetimetorisefromthedarkanddesolatevalleyofsegregationtothesunlitpathofracialjustice（Antithesis对照）.Nowisthetimetoliftournationfromthequicksandsofracialinjustice（Antithesis对照）tothesolidrockofbrotherhood.NowisthetimetomakejusticearealityforallofGod'schildren.Itwouldbefatalforthenationtooverlooktheurgencyofthemoment.ThisswelteringsummeroftheNegro'slegitimatediscontent（Antithesis对照）willnotpassuntilthereisaninvigoratingautumnoffreedomandequality.Nineteensixty-threeisnotanend,butabeginning.AndthosewhohopethattheNegroneededtoblowoffsteamandwillnowbecontentwillhavearudeawakeningifthenationreturnstobusinessasusual.AndtherewillbeneitherrestnortranquilityinAmericauntiltheNegroisgrantedhiscitizenshiprights.Thewhirlwindsofrevoltwillcontinuetoshakethefoundationsofournationuntilthebrightdayofjusticeemerges.ButthereissomethingthatImustsaytomypeople,whostandonthewarmthreshold（synecdoche通感）whichleadsintothepalaceofjustice:Intheprocessofgainingourrightfulplace,wemustnotbeguiltyofwrongfuldeeds.Letusnotseektosatisfyourthirstforfreedombydrinkingfromthecupofbitternessandhatred（hyperbole夸张）.Wemustforeverconductourstruggleonthehighplaneofdignityanddiscipline.Wemustnotallowourcreativeprotesttodegenerateintophysicalviolence.Againandagain,wemustrisetothemajesticheightsofmeetingphysicalforcewithsoulforce.ThemarvelousnewmilitancywhichhasengulfedtheNegrocommunitymustnotleadustoadistrustofallwhitepeople,formanyofourwhitebrothers,asevidencedbytheirpresenceheretoday,havecometorealizethattheirdestinyistiedupwithourdestiny.Andtheyhavecometorealizethattheirfreedomisinextricablyboundtoourfreedom.Wecannotwalkalone（shortsentence）.Andaswewalk,wemustmakethepledgethatweshallalwaysmarchahead.Wecannotturnback（shortsentence）.Therearethosewhoareaskingthedevoteesofcivilrights,"Whenwillyoubesatisfied?"WecanneverbesatisfiedaslongastheNegroisthevictimoftheunspeakablehorrorsofpolicebrutality（rhetoricalquestion修辞性问句）.Wecanneverbesatisfied（anaphora首语反复）aslongasourbodies,heavywiththefatigueoftravel,cannotgainlodginginthemotelsofthehighwaysandthehotelsofthecities.WecannotbesatisfiedaslongasaNegroinMississippicannotvoteandaNegroinNewYorkbelieveshehasnothingforwhichtovote.No,no,wearenotsatisfied,andwewillnotbesatisfieduntil"justicerollsdownlikewaters,andrighteousnesslikeamightystream（simile）."Iamnotunmindfulthatsomeofyouhavecomehereoutofgreattrialsandtribulations(alliteration头韵).Someofyouhavecomefreshfromnarrowjailcells.Someofyouhavecomefromareaswhereyourquestforfreedomleftyoubatteredbythestormsofpersecutionandstaggeredbythewindsofpolicebrutality.Youhavebeentheveteransofcreativesuffering.（irony反语）Continuetoworkwiththefaiththatunearnedsufferingisredemptive.GobacktoMississippi,gobacktoAlabama,gobacktoSouthCarolina,gobacktoGeorgia,gobacktoLouisiana,gobacktotheslumsandghettosofournortherncities,（Repetition重复、parallelism排比）knowingthatsomehowthissituationcanandwillbechanged.Letusnotwallowinthevalleyofdespair.Isaytoyoutoday,myfriends,soeventhoughwefacethedifficultiesoftodayandtomorrow,Istillhaveadream.ItisadreamdeeplyrootedintheAmericandream.Ihaveadreamthatoneday（Repetition重复、parallelism排比）thisnationwillriseup,liveuptothetruemeaningofitscreed:“Weholdthesetruthstobeself-evident;thatallmenarecreatedequal.”IhaveadreamthatonedayontheredhillsofGeorgiathesonsofformerslavesandthesonsofformerslave-ownerswillbeabletositdowntogetheratthetableofbrotherhood.IhaveadreamthatonedayeventhestateofMississippi,astateswelteringwiththeheatofinjustice,swelteringwiththeheatofoppression,willbetransformedintoanoasisoffreedomandjustice.Ihaveadreamthatmyfourchildrenwillonedayliveinanationwheretheywillnotbejudgedbythecoloriftheirskinbutbythecontentoftheircharacter.Ihaveadreamtoday.（Repetition重复、parallelism排比）Ihaveadreamthatoneday（Repetition重复、parallelism排比）downinAlabamawithitsgovernorhavinghislipsdrippingwiththewords(synecdoche提喻）ofinterpositionandnullification,onedayrightdowninAlabamalittleblackboysandblackgirlswillbeabletojoinhandswithlittlewhiteboysandwhitegirlsassistersandbrothers.Ihaveadreamtoday.Ihaveadreamthatonedayeveryvalleyshallbeexalted,everyhillandmountainshallbemadelow,theroughplaceswillbemadeplain,andthecrookedplaceswillbemadestraight,andthegloryoftheLordshallberevealed,andallfleshshallseeittogether(synecdoche提喻).Thisisourhope.ThisisthefaiththatIgobacktotheSouthwith.Withthisfaithwewillbeableto(climax层递)hewoutofthemountainofdespairastoneofhope.Withthisfaithwewillbeabletotransformthejanglingdiscordsofournationintoabeautifulsymphonyofbrotherhood.Withthisfaithwewillbeabletoworktogether,topraytogether,tostruggletogether,togotojailtogether,tostandupforfreedomtogether,knowingthatwewillbefreeoneday（Epiphora尾语反复）.ThiswillbethedaywhenallofGod’schildrenwillbeabletosingwithnewmeaning.Mycountry,’tisofthee,Sweetlandofliberty,OftheeIsing:Landwheremyfathersdied,Landofthepilgrims’pride,FromeverymountainsideLetfreedomring.AndifAmericaistobeagreatnationthismustbecometrue.Soletfreedomring(personification拟人、Repetition重复、parallelism排比)fromtheprodigioushilltopsofNewHampshire.LetfreedomringfromthemightymountainsofNewYork!LetfreedomringfromtheheighteningAllegheniesofPennsylvania!LetfreedomringfromthesnowcappedRockiesofColorado!LetfreedomringfromthecurvaceousslopsofCalifornia!Butnotonlythat;letfreedomringfromStoneMountainofGeorgia!LetfreedomringfromLookoutMountainofTennessee!LetfreedomringfromeveryhillandmolehillofMississippi!Fromeverymountainside,letfreedomring!Whenweletfreedomring,whenweletitringfromeveryvillageandeveryhamlet,fromeverystateandeverycity,wewillbeabletospeedupthatdaywhenallofGod’schildren,blackmenandwhitemen,JewsandGentiles,ProtestantsandCatholics,willbeabletojoinhandsandsinginthewordsoftheoldNegrospiritual（longsentence）,“Freeatlast!freeatlast!thankGodalmighty,wearefreeatlast!”SummaryChoiceofwordsdiscrimination歧视languished衰弱、潦倒dramatize渲染、使戏剧化magnificent壮丽的、瑰丽的guarantee担保、确保threshold门槛非常正式的语体，选用大词Sentencestructure78sentences9sentencescontainingmorethan30wordsThelongestsentencecontain77wordsTheshortestsentencecontain4words.Figuresofspeechhyperbole夸张RepetitionParallelismAntithesisSimileMetaphoroxymoron矛盾修饰法climax层递personification拟人synecdoche提喻anaphora首语反复rhetoricalquestion修辞性问句transferredEpithets移就periodicsentence圆周句antonomasia换称synesthesia通感alliteration头韵allusion典故