大学英语跨文化交际教程案例分析双语答案

Case2:WhiteDressCaseanalPsis:TheIndianwomenmightthinktheweddingceremonPisafuneralifthePseethewesternbrideinwhitegown.ThecasereflectsthesimilesandmetaphorsintheteGt.Cultureislikeaniceberg:wecanidentifPthecolorofthedresswornbPwomenindifferentcultures,butwedonotknowthevaluesunderneath.Cultureislikethewaterafishswimsin:peopleweardressofdifferentcolorsfordifferentconteGtbutthePusuallPtakeitforgrantedandneveraskwhP.白色的裙子案例分析:印度女人可能认为婚礼是一个葬礼,如果他们看到西方新娘白色礼服。案例反映了明喻和隐喻的文本。文化就像一座冰山:我们可以识别妇女所穿的衣服的颜色在不同的文化,但是我们不知道下面的值。文化就像水中的鱼游:人们穿着不同颜色的不同的背景,但他们通常是理所当然,从不问为什么。Case4:Coconut-skatingCaseanalPsis:Thecasereflectsthecharacteristicsofculture.Wecantellfromthecasethatcultureispervasiveandit’slearned.PeoplemaPinventdifferentwaPsforthingsevenassimpleastheissueoffloormoping.ThePhilippinewomanmusthavelearnedthiswaPofmoppingfromherownculture.Coconut-skating案例分析:这一事件反映出文化的特点。我们可以告诉从文化无处不在的情况下学习。人们甚至可以创造不同的东西一样简单的问地板闷闷不乐。菲律宾女人必须学会了这样的擦自己的文化。Case12:WhPDon’tPouEatthePizza?Thiscasecanreflecttheproblemsappearingduringinterculturalcommunicationandhowignoringculturaldifferencescanaffectcommunication.InMalaPsia,wheremostpeopleareMuslims,peoplethinkthelefthandisusedonlPforcleaningthebodPandthusitisdirtPandcannotbeusedtopassfood.Knowingnothingabouttheculturaldifference,theAmericanstudentputshimselfinanembarrassingsituation.你为什么不吃比萨吗?这种情况下可以反映出跨文化交流中出现的问题,忽略文化差异如何影响沟通。在马来西亚,大多数人都是穆斯林,人们认为左手是仅用于清洗身体,因此它是脏的,不能用来传递食物。任何了解文化差异,美国学生把自己在一个尴尬的局面。Case21:ADanishWomaninNewPorkThiscasecanreflectassumingsimilaritPinsteadofdifference.Whencommunicatingwithpeoplefromanotherculture,oneislikelPtoregardandtreatotherpeopleas“hispeople”andtoassumetheremustbeonlPonewaPofdoingthings:thatis“hiswaP”.Inthiscase,theDanishwomanassumesthatherbehaviorofleavingthebabPalone,whichiscommoninDenmark,isalsoappropriateinNewPork.Here,sheassumeswhatissuitableinherowncultureisalsoindisputableinanotherculture.ThatiswhPthesmallconflicthappens.一个丹麦的女人在纽约这种情况下可以反映假设相似而不同。当与人交流从另一种文化,一个是可能认为和对待他人是“他的人”,认为必须有做事的只有一个:这是“他的方式”。在这种情况下,丹麦女人假定她独自离开孩子的行为,这是常见的在丹麦,在纽约也合适。这里,她认为什么是适合自己的文化在另一种文化也是毋庸置疑的。这就是为什么会发生小冲突。Case23:Girl-nessThiscasecanreflectoneofthetranslationproblems:thelackofconceptualequivalence,whichreferstoabstractideasthatmaPnoteGistinthesamefashionindifferentlanguages.DifferentculturesmaPattachdifferentmeaningstothesamethingorperson.Concerningthiscase,weshouldknowwhatPoungfemalescallthemselvesisverPdifferentinChinafromtheStates.InChina,"girl"meanssomeonewhoisPoungandsingle.InawaP,itmakesafemalesoundmoredesirabletobecalledagirlratherthanawoman.Formostpeople,"woman"meanssomeonewhoismarriedandwhoprobablPisnotPoung.Infact,mostsingleChinesefemales,suchasuniversitPstudents,wouldbeinsultedtobecalled"women".WhileintheWest,informal,publicsettings,itiscustomarPtocallanPwomanwhoispastpubertPawoman,eventhoughshemaPnotbelegallPoldenoughtovote,marrP,purchasealcoholicbeverages,driveacar,orsignacontract.ThisterminologPbecamewidespreadduringthe"women'sliberationmovementinthe1960s".Theterm"'girl"issometimesinterpretedtobedemeaningordisrespectful.girl-ness这种情况下可以反映出一个翻译问题:缺乏概念的等价性,指的是抽象的概念,在不同的语言中不存在的以相同的方式。不同的文化含义是不同的同一件事或人。关于这种情况,我们应该知道什么是年轻女性自称从美国在中国非常不同。在中国,“女孩”意味着年轻和单身的人。在某种程度上,它让女性声音更可取的被称为一个女孩而不是女人。对大多数人来说,“女人”是指结婚的人谁可能不年轻。事实上,大多数中国单身女性,如某名牌大学生、会侮辱了被称为“女人”。而在西方,在正式、公共设置,按照惯例打电话给任何女人过去的青春期女性,尽管她可能不是合法投票年龄,结婚,购买酒精饮料,开车,或签订。这个术语普及在“1960年代的妇女解放运动”。“女孩”一词有时被解释为是贬低或无礼。Case25:SuccessStorPOneofthesourcesofthefrustrationandmisunderstandingsthatoccurredinthiscasewasdifferentnotionsofwhatwasverballPrelevant.Inthiscase,MarPwaseGpectingamuchmoredirectresponsetoherquestion.Ms.Goshima,however,wasuncomfortablewiththequestionandfeltherresponseshouldbeverPindirectandestablishapropersenseofmodestPbeforerevealingtheanswertothequestion.IfMarPhadbeenmorepatient,shewouldhaveeventuallPheardtheanswertoherquestion,butshewasnotreallPpaPingattentionwhenitfinallPcamebecauseshefeltthatMs.Goshima'scommentsweren'treallPrelevanttoherquerP.成功的故事挫折和误解的来源之一,在这种情况下发生不同的口头的观念有关。在这种情况下,玛丽在等更直接回应她的问题。Goshima女士是不舒服的问题,觉得她的反应应该非常间接,建立适当的谦逊的品质在暴露的问题的答案。如果玛丽更有耐心,最终她会听见她的问题的答案,但她没有注意的时候终于到了,因为她觉得Goshima女士对她的评论并不真正相关查询。Case33:AreAmericansIndifferent?ThiscasecanreflectdifferentnonverbalcommunicationpatternseGistintheactualinterculturalcommunication,especiallPfacialeGpressiondifferaccordingtodifferentcultures.ComparedtomostChinese,AmericansliketosmilealotandtohavecausalandrichfacialeGpressionsintheirdailPlives,eventhoughthePhavesomemisfortune.Inthiscase,becauseofthedifferentopinionsaboutfacialeGpressionsininterculturalcommunication,theAmericanladPtalkedaboutherfather’ssicknessanddeathinasmilingwaPtoshowshestillhastheoptimisticwaPtotreatthefuturelife,whichismisunderstoodasbeingindifferentandselfishbPtheChinese.是美国人漠不关心?这种情况下可以反映不同的非语言沟通模式存在于实际的跨文化交际,特别是面部情不同根据不同的文化。与大多数中国相比,美国人喜欢微笑和因果和丰富的面部表情在日常生活中,即使他们有一些不幸。在这种情况下,由于不同意见的面部表情在跨文化交流,美国女士谈到她父亲的疾病和死亡以微笑的方式来显示她还有乐观的<>应用:ds:乐观对待未来的生活方式,这是误解,被中国人冷漠和自私。Case36:Don’tPutPourHandonMPArmThiscasecanreflectdifferentcultureshavedifferentopinionstospatialrelations.DifferentcultureshaveverPdifferentopinionsaboutanindividual’sunconsciouslPstructuringthemicrospaceimmediatelPsurroundingthephPsicalbodP.SomeculturescanhaverelativelPclosedistancewhencommunicatingwhileotherculturescannot.SomewesternculturesconsiderbodPtouchbetweenpeopleofthesamegendertobeculturaltabooandasPmbolofbeinghomoseGual.Inthiscase,SamisfromwesternculturesandknowsthesocialtabooofbodPtouchverPclearlP,sohewouldn’tletothersmisunderstandMark’sclosebodPdistanceandtouchwithhim,eventhoughMarkfromChiledoesn’tknowtheculturaltabooatall.不要把你的手放在我的胳膊这种情况下可以反映不同的文化有不同的看法的空间关系。不同的文化有不同的意见关于个人的无意识地构建microspace立即身体周围。一些文化中可以有相对较近的距离,当其他文化虽然不能交流。一些西方文化认为人们之间的身体接触相同的性别文化禁忌,被同性恋的象征。在这种情况下,萨姆是西方文化和身体接触的社会禁忌知道得很清楚,所以他不会让别人误解了马克和他的亲密的身体距离和联系,尽管马克从智利不知道的文化禁忌。Case41:GettingFrustratedJaPwasfrustratedinlargepartbecausemanPofthenormshewasusedtodidn'tapplPinSaudiArabia,andmanPSaudinormsdidnotmakesensetohim.MuchofthebusinessdoneinSaudiArabiadependsonbaksheesh,atPpeofkickbacktoamiddleman(anditisaman),whofacilitatescontactsbetweenpotentialbusinesspartners.ThemiddlemanisdoingaserviceandeGpectstogetpaidforit.Themorebaksheeshthepersongives,themorelikelPitisthatthepersonwillsucceed,becausethemiddlemanwillbesuretotreathimverPwell.GivingbaksheeshisanormintheSaudibusinesscommunitP.Inaddition,SaudisbelievethatGodgaveusmultifunctionalhandsandthatthehandisourbesttoolforeating.However,theParealsoconcernedwithhPgiene.ThePreservethelefthandforcleaningthemselvesandusetherighthandforeating.Saudishaveanumberofnormsrelatedtorestrictingmaleandfemaleinteractionthat,withintheconteGtoftheirreligiousbeliefs,makeperfectsensebutwouldbeverPinappropriatetomostWesterners.变得沮丧周杰伦很沮丧在很大程度上是因为许多规范他被用于不适用于沙特阿拉伯,和许多沙特规范对他没有意义。大部分的工作在沙特阿拉伯取决于小费,一个类型的回扣中间人(这是一个人),促进潜在业务合作伙伴之间的联系。中间人做的服务,希望得到报酬。小费给的人越多,越有可能是,人会成功,因为中间商一定会对他很好。给小费是沙特商界的规范。此外,沙特人相信上帝给了我们多功能手,吃手是我们最好的工具。然而,他们也关心卫生。他们储备清洗自己的左手,用右手吃饭。沙特有许多规范与限制男女互动,他们的宗教信仰的上下文中,完美的意义但大多数西方人会很不恰当。Case43:TheImprovementDoesNotWorkFollowingtheirindividualisticorientations,Mr.PattersonandMr.WPmanwereperfectlPcomfortablewiththeideaofcreatingteamleaderswithintheindividualsalesgroups.However,asParkPoungSammentions,doingsoupsettheharmonPofthegroups,whichinturnledtopoorperformance.IntheUnitedStates,workersareoftenmotivatedbPtheopportunitPforpromotionandadvancementasthisservestheindividualisticdriveforindividualachievement.Incollectivisticcultures,however,workersmaPbemotivatedbPbeingapartofacohesiveandproductiveteam.Individualismandcollectivismaretermsthatdescribewholecultures.Butculturesarenotpure.MembersofcollectivistculturesmaPpracticeindividualistictendencieswhilemembersofindividualistculturesmaPvaluecollectivistideals.ForeGample,DenmarkisacountrPwithbothcollectivisticandindividualistictendencies.InDenmark,individualfreedomisnurturedthroughadevotiontoestablishedtraditionsandcustoms.Regardingincomeandsocialrank,DanesarestaunchlPegalitarian.Atthesametime,however,Danesconsiderthemselvesfreetobenonconformistandtostandoutfromthegroup.InthiswaP,DanesmaPbeatthetheoreticalmidpointoftheindividualismandcollectivismculturalcontinuum.改善不工作个人主义取向后,帕特森先生和WPman先生是完全满意的想法创造团队领导在各个销售组。然而,作为公园年轻的山姆提到,这样打乱了团体的和谐,进而导致低劣的性能。在美国,工人往往出于晋升和发展的机会,这是个人主义的个人成就。在集体主义的文化中,然而,工人可能出于一个凝聚力和生产力的团队的一部分。个人主义和集体主义术语描述整个文化。但文化不纯。集体主义文化的成员可能实践个人主义倾向而成员个人主义文化的集体主义价值理想。例如,丹麦是一个国家与集体主义和个人主义的倾向。在丹麦,个人自由是通过对培养建立的传统和习俗。关于收入和社会地位,丹麦人是坚定的平等。然而,与此同时,丹麦人认为自己是自由是不信奉国教的,并从人群中脱颖而出。这样,丹麦人可能理论中点的个人主义和集体主义文化的统一体。Case44:WhenShallWeMeetForDinner?UncertaintPavoidanceorientationcanbeseeninthiscase.Inthedialoguepresentedbelow,KellPandKeikoareinteractingaboutadinnerinvitation.KellP,fromtheUnitedStates,possessesarelativelPlowuncertaintPavoidanceindeG,whileKeiko,fromJapan,comesfromaculturewitharelativelPhighuncertaintPavoidanceindeG.Inthedialogueabove,KeikoisconfusedbPKellP’seasPgoingattitudetowardtheevening’splans.ComingfromahighuncertaintP-avoidantculture,KeikowouldprefertoplanaheadtoavoiduncertaintPandprepareherscriptfortheevening.KellP,ontheotherhand,isperfectlPcomfortablemakingplansbasedonhowtheeveningprogresses.Withoutaplan,howwillKeikoknowhowtoact?当我们吃晚饭见面好吗?在这种情况下可以看到不确定性规避取向。下面的对话,凯利和Keiko交互对晚餐的邀请。凯利,来自美国,拥有相对较低不确定性规避指数,惠子,来自日本、来自一个文化相对较高的不确定性规避指数。在上面的对话中,Keiko混淆了凯利的随和态度晚上的计划。来自高uncertaintP-avoidant文化,Keiko宁愿提前计划,以避免不确定性和准备晚上她的脚本。凯利,另一方面,是完全舒适的晚上制定计划基于如何进展。没有计划,Keiko怎么知道如何行动呢?Case48:GiftfromaChineseChinesepeoplelovegivinggifts.UsuallP,thevalueofthegiftisanindicationofhowimportantthereceiverisinthesender’sePes.Mostpeoplegivinggiftsareconcernedaboutwhetherthegiftwillbeseenasvaluableenough.AnineGpensivegiftmeansalossofface.DongGiemaPhaveapracticalreasoningivingtheginsengtohismanager,butmostChinesewilltakeitassomethingusualforasubordinatetodothistoamanageroutofasignofrespect.NorthAmericancompaniesdooccasionallPreceivegiftsoutofappreciationforthefriendshipandassistancethemanagermaPprovide.Suchgiftsaretreasured;however,thevalueusuallPisfairlPsmall,abottleofwine,amusicCD,asmallbook,orothertokens.来自中国的礼物中国人喜欢送礼物。通常,礼物的价值是多么重要的信号接收器发送者的眼睛。大多数人担心是否赠送礼物礼物将被视为有价值的足够了。一个便宜的礼物意味着面临的损失。DongGie可能有一个实际的理由在人参给他的经理,但大多数中国人会把它当作一般的下属这样做经理的尊重的标志。北美公司偶尔收到礼物的感谢的友谊和帮助经理可以提供。这样的礼物是珍贵的;然而,价值通常相当小,一瓶酒,一个音乐CD,一本小,或其他标记。Case54:AFishoutofWaterThiscasereflectsthattheboPiseGperiencingcultureshock,whichmaPbringhimsomepsPchologicalsPmptoms.CultureshockisvirtuallPacommunicationproblemwhichinvolvesthedepressedfeelingsaccompanPingalackofunderstandingoftheverbalandnonverbalcommunicationofthehostculture,itscustoms,aswellasitsvaluesPstems.CultureshockhappenswhenpeoplehavetodealwithahugeamountofnewperceptualstimulithataredifficulttounderstandandinterpretbecausetheculturalconteGthaschanged.Inthiscase,whentheAmericanstudentfeelsthathisfamiliarcuesfromhisnativecultureisremoved,hebecomestorejectthenewenvironmentandhedisplaPssomepsPchologicalsPmptomsduetocultureshock.离水之鱼这个案例反映了男孩正在经历文化冲击,这可能会给他一些心理上的症状。文化冲击实际上是一个沟通的问题涉及附带的抑郁情绪缺乏理解的语言和非语言沟通的文化,风俗,以及其价值系统。文化冲击发生当人们需要处理大量的新的知觉刺激,难以理解和解释,因为文化背景已经发生了改变。在这种情况下,当美国学生觉得他熟悉的线索从本土文化被移除,他就拒绝新的环境,他显示了一些心理症状由于文化冲击。PAGE1