研究生英语期末考试试卷Word版

传播优秀Word版文档，希望对您有帮助，可双击去除！传播优秀Word版文档，希望对您有帮助，可双击去除！传播优秀Word版文档，希望对您有帮助，可双击去除！重庆大学全日制专业硕士研究生《英语》课程试卷(B类)2014~2015学年第一学期（秋）开课学院：外国语学院课程编号：G0401A考试日期：2015.01.10考试时间：120分钟题号一二三四笔试成绩笔试计分50%口试成绩20%平时小计30%书面作业(10)课堂现(10)上课考勤(10)课程成绩得分硕士生B类答题纸英语班次：_______________AnswerSheetPartI.ReadingComprehension(40points,1-1020points;11-2020points)1.()2.()3.()4.()5.()6.()7.()8.()9.()10.()11.()12.()13.()14.()15.()16.()17.()18.()19.()20.()PartII.TranslationfromEnglishtoChinese(20points)PartIII.TranslationfromChinesetoEnglish(20points)PartIV.Writing(20points)(Pleasewriteyourcompositiononthereverseside.请写在背面)重庆大学硕士研究生《英语》课程试卷2014～2015学年第一学期硕士生B类PartI.ReadingComprehension（40points）Directions:Readthefollowingpassagescarefullyandthenselectthebestanswerfromthefourchoicesgiventoanswerthequestionsortocompletethestatementsthatfolloweachpassage.WriteyouransweronyourAnswerSheet.PassageOneAsawisemanoncesaid,weareallultimatelyalone.ButanincreasingnumberofEuropeansarechoosingtobesoataneverearlierage.Thisisn’tthestuffofgloomyphilosophicalcontemplations,butafactofEurope’sneweconomiclandscape,embracedbysociologists,real-estatedevelopersandadexecutivesalike.Theshiftawayfromfamilylifetosololifestyle,observesaFrenchsociologist,ispartoftheirresistiblemomentumofindividualismoverthelastcentury.Thecommunicationsrevolution,theshiftfromabusinesscultureofstabilitytooneofmobilityandthemassentryofwomenintotheworkforcehavegreatlywreakedhavoconEuropeans’privatelives.Europe’sneweconomicclimatehaslargelyfosteredthetrendtowardindependence.Thecurrentgenerationofhome-alonerscameofageduringEurope’sshiftfromsocialdemocracytothesharper,moreindividualisticclimateofAmericanstylecapitalism.Raisedinaneraofprivatizationandincreasedconsumerchoice,today’stech-savvyworkershaveembracedafreemarketinloveaswellaseconomics.ModernEuropeansarerichenoughtoaffordtolivealone,andtemperamentallyindependentenoughtowanttodoso.Onceuponatime,peoplewholivedalonetendedtobethoseoneithersideofmarriage—twentysomethingprofessionalsorwidowedseniorcitizens.Whilepensioners,particularlyelderlywomen,makeupalargeproportionofthoselivingalone,thenewestcropofsinglesarehighearnersintheir30sand40swhoincreasinglyviewlivingaloneasalifestylechoice.Livingalonewasconceivedtobenegative—darkandcold,whilebeingtogethersuggestedwarmthandlight.Butthencamealongtheideaofsingles.Theywereyoung,beautiful,strong!Now,youngpeoplewanttolivealone.Theboomingeconomymeanspeopleareworkingharderthanever.Andthatdoesn’tleavemuchroomforrelationships.PimpiArroyo,a35-year-oldcomposerwholivesaloneinahouseinParis,sayshehasn’tgottimetogetlonelybecausehastoomuchwork.“Ihavedeadlineswhichwouldmakelifewithsomeoneelsefairlydifficult”.OnlyanIdealWomanwouldmakehimchangehislifestyle,hesays.Kaufmann,authorofarecentbookcalled“TheSingleWomanandPrinceCharming”,thinksthisfiercenewindividualismmeansthatpeopleexpectmoreandmoreofmates,sorelationshipsdon’tlastlong—iftheystartatall.Eppendorf,ablondBerlinerwithadeeptan,teachesgradeschoolinthemornings.Intheafternoonshesunbathesorsleeps,restingupforgoingdancing.Justshyof50,shesaysshe’dneverhavewantedtodowhathermotherdid—giveupacareertoraiseafamily.Instead,“I’vealwaysdonewhatIwantedtodo:liveaself-determinedlife”.1.MoreandmoreyoungEuropeansremainsinglebecauseA.theyaredrivenbyanoverwhelmingsenseofindividualism.B.theyhaveenteredtheworkforceatamuchearlierage.C.theyhaveembracedabusinesscultureofstability.D.theyarepessimisticabouttheireconomicfuture.2.WhatissaidaboutEuropeansocietyinthepassage?A.Ithasfosteredthetrendtowardssmallfamilies.B.ItisgettingclosertoAmerican-stylecapitalism.C.Ithaslimitedconsumerchoicedespiteafreemarket.D.Itisbeingthreatenedbyirresistibleprivatization.3.AccordingtoParagraph3,thenewestgroupofsinglesareA.warmandlighthearted.B.oneithersideofmarriage.C.negativeandgloomy.D.healthyandwealthy.4.TheauthorquotesEppendorftoshowthatA.somemodernwomenpreferalifeofindividualfreedom.B.thefamilyisnolongerthebasicunitofsocietyinpresent-dayEurope.C.someprofessionalpeoplehavetoomuchworktodotofeellonely.D.MostEuropeansconceivelivingasinglelifeasunacceptable.5.Whatistheauthor’spurposeinwritingthepassage?A.Toreviewtheimpactofwomenbecominghighearners.B.Tocontemplatethephilosophyunderlyingindividualism.C.Toexaminethetrendofyoungpeoplelivingalone.D.Tostresstherebuildingofpersonalrelationships.PassageTwo　　Americandramasandsitcomswouldhavebeencandidatesforprimetimeseveralyearsago.Butthoseprograms－thoughsomeremainpopular－increasinglyoccupyfringetimesslotsonforeignnetworks.Instead,agrowingnumberofshowsproducedbylocalbroadcastersareontheairatthebesttimes.TheshiftcounterslongstandingassumptionsthatTVshowsproducedintheUnitedStateswouldcontinuetoovershadowlocallyproducedshowsfromSingaporetoSicily.ThechangesarecomingatatimewhentheinfluenceoftheUnitedStatesoninternationalaffairshasannoyedfriendsandfoesalike,andsomepeopleareexpressingreliefthatatleastontelevisionAmericancultureisnolongerquitetheforceitoncewas.“TherehasalwaysbeenaconcernthattheimageoftheworldwouldbeshapedtoomuchbyAmericanculture,”saidDr.JoGroebek,directorgeneraloftheEuropeanInstitutefortheMedia,anon-profitgroup.Giventhechoice,headds,foreignviewersoftenpreferhomegrownshowsthatbetterreflectlocaltastes,culturesandhistoricalevents.UnlikeintheUnitedStates,commercialbroadcastinginmostregionsoftheworld－includingAsia,Europe,andalesserextentLatinAmerica,whichhasalonghistoryofcommercialTV－isarelativelyrecentdevelopment.Amajorityofbroadcastersinmanycountrieswereeitherstate-ownedorstate-subsidizedformuchofthelastcentury.Governmentsbegantorelaxtheircontrolinthe1980’sbyprivatizingnationalbroadcastersandgrantinglicensestodozensofnewcommercialnetworks.Theriseofcableandsatellitepay-televisionincreasedthespectrumofchannels.Relativelyinexperiencedandoftenfinancedonashoestring,thesenewcommercialstationsneededhoursofprogrammingfast.ThecheapestandeasiestwaytofillairtimewastobuyshowsfromAmericanstudios,andthebiddingwarsforpopularshowswerefierce.ThebigAmericanstudiostookadvantageofthatdemandbyraisingpricesandforcingforeignbroadcasterstobuylesspopularprogramsiftheywantedaccesstothebest-sellingshowsandmovies.“Thestudiopricedthemselvesoutofprimetime,”saidHarryEvansSloan,chairmanofSBSBroadcasting,aPan-Europeanbroadcaster.Mr.Sloanestimatesthatoverthelastdecade,thepriceofAmericanprogramshasincreasedfivefoldevenastheinternationalratingsfortheseshowshavedeclined.AmericanbroadcastersarestillthebiggestbuyersofAmerican-madetelevisionshows,accountingfor90%ofthe$25billionin2001sales.Butinternationalsaleswhichtotaled$2.5billionlastyearoftenmakethedifferencebetweenaprofitandalossonshow.Asthepaceofforeignsalesslows－themarketisnowgrowingat5%ayear,downfromthedouble-digitgrowthofthe1990’s－studioexecutivesarerethinkingproductioncosts.6.WhichofthefollowingbestcharacterizestheimageembodiedinAmericanshows?A.Self-contradictoryB.Prejudice-freeC.Culture-loadedD.Audience-targeted7.Theinterventionofgovernmentsinthe1980’sresultedin__________.A.thepatentingofdominationshowsandmoviesB.theemergenceofnewcommercialnetworksC.thepromotionofcableandsatellitepay-televisionD.theintensecompetitioncomingfromtheoutside8.Thephrase“onashoestring”(Para.6)mostprobablymeans__________.A.inneedofcapitalB.afterafashionC.onsecondthoughtsD.intheinterestsofthemselves9.ThemainreasonwhyAmericandramasandsitcomsaredrivenoutofprimetimeisthat____.A.theylosecompetitivenessB.theyarenotmarket-orientedC.theyaretoomuchpricedD.theyfallshortofaudienceexpectations10.Americanstudioproducerswillgivethoughttoproductioncosts__________.A.iftheyhavenoaccesstopopularshowsB.becausetheirendeavorscometonoavailC.sincebiddingwarsarenolongerfierceD.asinternationalsalespaceslowsdownPassageThreeHowshopscanexploitpeople'sherdmentalitytoincreasesales1.ATRIPtothesupermarketmaynotseemlikeanexerciseinpsychologicalwarfare—butitis.Shopkeepersknowthatfillingastorewiththearomaoffreshlybakedbreadmakespeoplefeelhungryandpersuadesthemtobuymorefoodthantheyhadintended.Stockingthemostexpensiveproductsateyelevelmakesthemsellfasterthancheaperbutlessvisiblecompetitors.Nowresearchersareinvestigatinghow“swarmintelligence”(thatis，howants，beesoranysocialanimal，includinghumans，behaveinacrowd)canbeusedtoinfluencewhatpeoplebuy.2.AtarecentconferenceonthesimulationofadaptivebehaviourinRome，Zeeshan-ul-hassanUsmani，acomputerscientistfromtheFloridaInstituteofTechnology，describedanewwaytoincreaseimpulsebuyingusingthisphenomenon.Supermarketsalreadyencourageshopperstobuythingstheydidnotrealisetheywanted:forinstance，byplacingeverydayitemssuchasmilkandeggsatthebackofthestore，forcingshopperstowalkpastothertemptinggoodstoreachthem.MrUsmaniandRonaldoMenezes，alsooftheFloridaInstituteofTechnology,setouttoenhancethistendencytobuymorebyplayingontheherdinstinct.Theideaisthat,ifacertainproductisseentobepopular,shoppersarelikelytochooseittoo.Thechallengeistokeepcustomersinformedaboutwhatothersarebuying.　　3.Entersmart-carttechnology.InMrUsmani'ssupermarketeveryproducthasaradiofrequencyidentificationtag,asortofbarcodethatusesradiowavestotransmitinformation，andeverytrolleyhasascannerthatreadsthisinformationandrelaysittoacentralcomputer.Asacustomerwalkspastashelfofgoods,ascreenontheshelftellshimhowmanypeoplecurrentlyintheshophavechosenthatparticularproduct.Ifthenumberishigh,heismorelikelytoselectittoo.　　4.MrUsmani's“swarm-moves”modelappealstosupermarketsbecauseitincreasessaleswithouttheneedtogivepeoplediscounts.Anditgivesshoppersthesatisfactionofknowingthattheyboughtthe“right”product—thatis，theoneeveryoneelsebought.Themodelhasnotyetbeentestedwidelyintherealworld，mainlybecauseradiofrequencyidentificationtechnologyisnewandhasonlybeeninstalledexperimentallyinsomesupermarkets.ButMrUsmanisaysthatbothWal-MartinAmericaandTescoinBritainareinterestedinhiswork,andtestingwillgetunderwayinthespring.　　5.Anotherrecentstudyonthepowerofsocialinfluenceindicatesthatsalescould，indeed，beboostedinthisway.MatthewSalganikofColumbiaUniversityinNewYorkandhiscolleagueshavedescribedcreatinganartificialmusicmarketinwhichsome14,000peopledownloadedpreviouslyunknownsongs.Theresearchersfoundthatwhenpeoplecouldseethesongsrankedbyhowmanytimestheyhadbeendownloaded,theyfollowedthecrowd.Whenthesongswerenotorderedbyrank,butthenumberoftimestheyhadbeendownloadedwasdisplayed,theeffectofsocialinfluencewasstilltherebutwaslesspronounced.Peoplethusfollowtheherdwhenitiseasyforthemtodoso.　　6.InJapanachainofconvenienceshopscalledRanKingRanQueenhasbeenorderingitsproductsaccordingtosalesdatafromdepartmentstoresandresearchcompanies.Theshopssellonlythemostpopularitemsineachproductcategory，andtherankingsareupdatedweekly.Icosystem，acompanyinCambridge，Massachusetts,alsoaimstoexploitknowledgeofsocialnetworkingtoimprovesales.7.Andthepsychologythatworksinphysicalstoresisjustaspotentontheinternet.OnlineretailerssuchasAmazonareadeptattellingshopperswhichproductsarepopularwithlike-mindedconsumers.Evenintheprivacyofyourhome,youcanstillbepartoftheswarm.　　Questions11-15Completethesentencesbelowwithwordstakenfromthereadingpassage.UseNOMORETHANTHREEWORDSforeachanswer.　　11.Shopownersrealizethatthesmellof_______freshlybakedbread________canincreasesalesoffoodproducts.　　12.Inshops,productsshelvedatamore______visiblelevel________sellbettereveniftheyaremoreexpensive.　　13.AccordingtoMr.Usmani,withtheuseof“swarmintelligence”phenomenon,anewmethodcanbeappliedtoencourage_________impulsebuying______.　　14.Ifthenumberofbuyersshownonthe_______screen________ishigh,othercustomerstendtofollowthem.15.Usingthe“swarm-moves”model,shopownersdonothavetogivecustomers_____discounts__________toincreasesales.　　Questions16-20　　Dothefollowingstatementsagreewiththeinformationgiveninthereadingpassage?Forquestions16-20writeYESifthestatementagreeswiththeinformation　　NOifthestatementcontradictstheinformationNOTGIVENifthereisnoinformationonthisinthepassage16.RadiofrequencyidentificationtechnologyhasbeeninstalledexperimentallyinbigsupermarketslikeWal-MartandTesco.　　17.Peopletendtodownloadmoreunknownsongsthansongstheyarefamiliarwith.　　18.Peoplefollowtheotherstothesameextentwhetheritisconvenientornot.19.ItemssoldinsomeJapanesestoresaresimplychosenaccordingtothesalesdataofothershops.　　20.Swarmintelligencecanalsobeobservedineverydaylife.PartII.TranslationfromEnglishtoChinese(20points)Directions:PutthefollowingpassageintoChinese.WriteyouransweronyourAnswerSheet.Chinesehousingpriceshavebeenhotsocialtopicsinrecentyears.Housepricesinmedium-and-largecitieskeephigh,withthetrendoffurthergoingup.Someyoungpeoplesimplycannotaffordpurchasinganyhouse,whileothersbecomemortgageslaves.Mortgageslaves(orhouseslaves)areanewbuzzwordthatemergedinthesocietyinrecentyears.Justasthenamesuggests,houseslavesrefertopeoplewhoareenslavedtomortgagefortheirhouses.Thesepeopleborrowloansfrombankstobuyahouseandthenrepaytheloanswiththeirlifetimeefforts.Accordingtosurveybyarealestatewebsite,about32%ofChinesepeoplepaidover50%oftheirincomeasmonthlymortgagepayment,sotheyindeedbecameslavesofthehouse.Whiletheyseemtoenjoysomepsychologicalcomfortthattheyhavetheirownhouses,theyhavetobeartremendousstress,withqualityoflifedroppeddownsignificantly．PartIII.TranslationfromChineseintoEnglish(20points)Directions:PutthefollowingChineseintoEnglish.WriteyouransweronyourAnswerSheet.终身学习是指从学前到退休后获得及更新各种能力，兴趣，知识和资质的过程。它促进人们的知识和能力发展，使他们能适应知识型社会并能积极参与各领域的社会和经济生活，更好地把握自己的未来。此外，终身学习还为人们提供提升基本技能的第二次机会以及更高级别的学习机会。所有这些都意味着正规教育体系需变得更开放更灵活，以使这些机会真正适合学习者的需求。PartIV.Writing(20points)Directions:Youaretowriteacompositionapproximately150wordsinlengthaccordingtothefollowingrequirement.WriteyourcompositiononyourAnswerSheet.Insomecountriessomeschoolleaversarechoosingtoworkortravelforaperiodoftimebetweenfinishingschoolandattendinguniversity.Discusstheadvantagesanddisadvantagesforschoolleavers'decision-takingagapyear(间隔年).Giveyourownopinionandreasons.Useyourexperienceoflifetoexplainit.TheAdvantagesandDisadvantagesofTakingaGapYear重庆大学硕士研究生《英语》课程试卷2014~2015学年第一学期硕士生B类试题参考答案PartI.ReadingComprehension(40points:1-1020points;11-2020points)1.(A)2.(B)3.(D)4.(A)5.(C)6.(C)7.(B)8.(A)9.(C)10.(D)11.freshlybakedbread12.visiblelevel13.impulsebuying14.screen15.discounts16.No17.Notgiven18.No19.Yes20.YesPartII.TranslationfromEnglishtoChinese(20points)中国房价问题近年来一直是社会热门话题。大中型城市房价一直居高不下且呈逐渐上涨的趋势。有的年轻人根本买不起房，有的则成为了房奴(mortgageslaves)。房奴是近几年出现的社会流行词。顾名思义，房奴的意思是房屋的奴隶。这些人为买房而向银行借贷款，然后用一生的精力来偿还。据某房地产网站的调查，中国约32％的人月供占到了收入的50％以上，成为了名副其实的房奴。他们在享受有房的心理安慰的同时，也承受着巨大的精神压力，生活质量大为下降。　PartIII.TranslationfromChinesetoEnglish(15points)Lifelonglearningreferstotheprocessofacquiringandupdatingallkindsofabilities,interests,knowledgeandqualificationsfromthepre-schoolyearstopost-retirement.Itpromotesthedevelopmentofknowledgeandcompetencesandenablespeopletoadapttotheknowledge-basedsocietyandactivelyparticipateinallspheresofsocialandeconomiclife,takingmorecontrolofhisorherfuture.Lifelonglearningalsoprovides“secondchances”toupdatebasicskillsandlearningopportunitiesatmoreadvancedlevels.Allthismeansthatsystemsofformaleducationneedtobecomemuchmoreopenandflexible,sothatsuchopportunitiescantrulybetailoredtotheneedsofthelearner.PartIV.Writing(20points)封线密学院专业（领域）类别（学术、专业）学号姓名命题（组题）人：李雁审题人：黄萍命题时间：2014.12研究生院制命题（组题）人：审题人：命题时间：研究生院制学院专业（领域）类别（学术、专业）学号姓名封线密