考研英语二历年真题

--PAGE-.可修编-2010考研英语二及SectionIUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingpassage.ForeachnumberedblanktherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.ChoosethebestoneandmarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEETl.(10points)TheoutbreakofswinefluthatwasfirstdetectedinMexicowasdeclaredaglobalepidemiconJune11,2009.Itisthefirstworldwideepidemic_____1_____bytheWorldHealthOrganizationin41years.Theheightenedalert_____2_____anemergencymeetingwithfluexpertsinGenevathatconvenedafterasharpriseincasesinAustralia,andrising_____3_____inBritain,Japan,Chileandelsewhere.Buttheepidemicis"_____4_____"inseverity,accordingtoMargaretChan,theorganization'sdirectorgeneral,_____5_____theoverwhelmingmajorityofpatientsexperiencingonlymildsymptomsandafullrecovery,ofteninthe_____6_____ofanymedicaltreatment.Theoutbreakcametoglobal_____7_____inlateApril2009,whenMexicanauthoritiesnoticedanunusuallylargenumberofhospitalizationsanddeaths_____8_____healthyadults.AsmuchofMexicoCityshutdownattheheightofapanic,casesbeganto_____9_____inNewYorkCity,thesouthwesternUnitedStatesandaroundtheworld.IntheUnitedStates,newcasesseemedtofade_____10_____warmerweatherarrived.ButinlateSeptember2009,officialsreportedtherewas_____11_____fluactivityinalmosteverystateandthatvirtuallyallthe_____12_____testedarethenewswineflu,alsoknownas(A)H1N1,notseasonalflu.IntheU.S.,ithas_____13_____morethanonemillionpeople,andcausedmorethan600deathsandmorethan6,000hospitalizations.Federalhealthofficials_____14_____Tamifluforchildrenfromthenationalstockpileandbegan_____15_____ordersfromthestatesforthenewswinefluvaccine.Thenewvaccine,whichisdifferentfromtheannualfluvaccine,is____16_____aheadofexpectations.MorethanthreemilliondosesweretobemadeavailableinearlyOctober2009,thoughmostofthose_____17_____doseswereoftheFluMistnasalspraytype,whichisnot_____18_____forpregnantwomen,peopleover50orthosewithbreathingdifficulties,heartdiseaseorseveralother_____19_____.Butitwasstillpossibletovaccinatepeopleinotherhigh-riskgroup:healthcareworkers,people_____20_____infantsandhealthyyoungpeople.1[A]criticized[B]appointed[C]mented[D]designated2[A]proceeded[B]activated[C]followed[D]prompted3[A]digits[B]numbers[C]amounts[D]sums4[A]moderate[B]normal[C]unusual[D]extreme5[A]with[B]in[C]from[D]by6[A]progress[B]absence[C]presence[D]favor7[A]reality[B]phenomenon[C]concept[D]notice8.[A]over[B]for[C]among[D]to9[A]stayup[B]cropup[C]fillup[D]coverup10[A]as[B]if[C]unless[D]until11[A]excessive[B]enormous[C]significant[D]magnificent12[A]categories[B]examples[C]patterns[D]samples13[A]imparted[B]immerse[C]injected[D]infected14[A]released[B]relayed[C]relieved[D]remained15[A]placing[B]delivering[C]taking[D]giving16[A]feasible[B]available[C]reliable[D]applicable17[A]prevalent[B]principal[C]innovative[D]initial18[A]presented[B]restricted[C]remended[D]introduced19[A]problems[B]issues[C]agonies[D]sufferings20[A]involvedin[B]caringfor[C]concernedwith[D]wardingoffSectionⅡReadingprehensionPartA　　Text1　　Thelongestbullruninacenturyofart-markethistoryendedonadramaticnotewithasaleof56worksbyDamienHirst,“BeautifulInsideMyHeadForever”，atSotheby’sinLondononSeptember15th2008.Allbuttwopiecessold,fetchingmorethan￡70m,arecordforasalebyasingleartist.Itwasalastvictory.Astheauctioneercalledoutbids,inNewYorkoneoftheoldestbanksonWallStreet,LehmanBrothers,filedforbankruptcy.　Theworldartmarkethadalreadybeenlosingmomentumforawhileafterrisingbewilderinglysince2003.Atitspeakin2007itwasworthsome$65billion,reckonsClareMcAndrew,founderofArtsEconomics,aresearchfirm—doublethefigurefiveyearsearlier.Sincethenitmayhaveedownto$50billion.Butthemarketgeneratesinterestfarbeyonditssizebecauseitbringstogethergreatwealth,enormousegos,greed,passionandcontroversyinawaymatchedbyfewotherindustries.　　IntheweeksandmonthsthatfollowedMrHirst’ssale,spendingofanysortbecamedeeplyunfashionable,especiallyinNewYork,wherethebail-outofthebankscoincidedwiththelossofthousandsofjobsandthefinancialdemiseofmanyart-buyinginvestors.Intheartworldthatmeantcollectorsstayedawayfromgalleriesandsalerooms.Salesofcontemporaryartfellbytwo-thirds,andinthemostoverheatedsector—forChinesecontemporaryart—theyweredownbynearly90%intheyeartoNovember2008.Withinweekstheworld’stwobiggestauctionhouses,Sotheby’sandChristie’s,hadtopayoutnearly$200minguaranteestoclientswhohadplacedworksforsalewiththem.　　ThecurrentdownturnintheartmarketistheworstsincetheJapanesestoppedbuyingImpressionistsattheendof1989,amovethatstartedthemostseriouscontractioninthemarketsincetheSecondWorldWar.Thistimeexpertsreckonthatpricesareabout40%downontheirpeakonaverage,thoughsomehavebeenfarmorefluctuant.ButEdwardDolman,Christie’schiefexecutive,says:“I’mprettyconfidentwe’reatthebottom.”Whatmakesthisslumpdifferentfromthelast,hesays,isthattherearestillbuyersinthemarket,whereasintheearly1990s,wheninterestrateswerehigh,therewasnodemandeventhoughmanycollectorswantedtosell.Christie’srevenuesinthefirsthalfof2009werestillhigherthaninthefirsthalfof2006.Almosteveryonewhowasinterviewedforthisspecialreportsaidthatthebiggestproblematthemomentisnotalackofdemandbutalackofgoodworktosell.ThethreeDs—death,debtanddivorce—stilldeliverworksofarttothemarket.Butanyonewhodoesnothavetoselliskeepingaway,waitingforconfidencetoreturn.　　21.Inthefirstparagraph,DamienHirst'ssalewasreferredtoas“alastvictory”because____.　　A.theartmarkethadwitnessedasuccessionofvictories　　B.theauctioneerfinallygotthetwopiecesatthehighestbids　　C.BeautifulInsideMyHeadForeverwonoverallmasterpiecesD.itwassuccessfullymadejustbeforetheworldfinancialcrisis　　22.Bysaying“spendingofanysortbecamedeeplyunfashionable”(Line1-2,Para.3)，theauthorsuggeststhat_____.　　A.collectorswerenolongeractivelyinvolvedinart-marketauctions　　B.peoplestoppedeverykindofspendingandstayedawayfromgalleries　　C.artcollectionasafashionhadlostitsappealtoagreatextentD.worksofartingeneralhadgoneoutoffashionsotheywerenotworthbuying　　23.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrue?　　A.Salesofcontemporaryartfelldramaticallyfrom2007to2008.　　B.Theartmarketsurpassedmanyotherindustriesinmomentum.　　C.Themarketgenerallywentdownwardinvariousways.D.Someartdealerswereawaitingbetterchancestoe.　　24.ThethreeDsmentionedinthelastparagraphare____　　A.auctionhouses'favorites　　B.contemporarytrends　　C.factorspromotingartworkcirculation　　D.stylesrepresentingimpressionists25.Themostappropriatetitleforthistextcouldbe___　　A.FluctuationofArtPrices　　B.Up-to-dateArtAuctions　　C.ArtMarketinDecline　　D.ShiftedInterestinArtsText2　　IwasaddressingasmallgatheringinasuburbanVirginialivingroom—awomen'sgroupthathadinvitedmentojointhem.Throughouttheeveningonemanhadbeenparticularlytalkative,frequentlyofferingideasandanecdotes,whilehiswifesatsilentlybesidehimonthecouch.TowardtheendoftheeveningImentedthatwomenfrequentlyplainthattheirhusbandsdon'ttalktothem.Thismanquicklynoddedinagreement.Hegesturedtowardhiswifeandsaid,"She'sthetalkerinourfamily."Theroomburstintolaughter;themanlookedpuzzledandhurt."It'strue,"heexplained."WhenIehomefromwork,Ihavenothingtosay.Ifshedidn'tkeeptheconversationgoing,we'dspendthewholeeveninginsilence."　　ThisepisodecrystallizestheironythatalthoughAmericanmentendtotalkmorethanwomeninpublicsituations,theyoftentalklessathome.Andthispatterniswreakinghavocwithmarriage.　　ThepatternwasobservedbypoliticalscientistAndrewHackerinthelate1970s.SociologistCatherineKohlerRiessmanreportsinhernewbook"DivorceTalk"thatmostofthewomensheinterviewed—butonlyafewofthemen—gavelackofmunicationasthereasonfortheirdivorces.Giventhecurrentdivorcerateofnearly50percent，thatamountstomillionsofcasesintheUnitedStateseveryyear—avirtualepidemicoffailedconversation.　　Inmyownresearchplaintsfromwomenabouttheirhusbandsmostoftenfocusednotontangibleinequitiessuchashavinggivenupthechanceforacareertoacpanyahusbandtohisordoingfarmorethantheirshareofdailylife-supportworklikecleaning,cooking,socialarrangementsanderrands.Insteadtheyfocusedonmunication:"Hedoesn'tlistentome.""Hedoesn'ttalktome."IfoundasHackerobservedyearsbeforethatmostwiveswanttheirhusbandstobefirstandforemostconversationalpartnersbutfewhusbandssharethisexpectationoftheirwives.　　Inshorttheimagethatbestrepresentsthecurrentcrisisisthestereotypicalcartoonsceneofamansittingatthebreakfasttablewithanewspaperheldupinfrontofhisface,whileawomanglaresatthebackofit,wantingtotalk.　　26.Whatismostwives'mainexpectationoftheirhusbands?　　A.Talkingtothem.　　B.Trustingthem.　　C.Supportingtheircareers.　　D.Sharinghousework.　　27.Judgingfromthecontext,thephrase“wreakinghavoc”(Line3,Para.2)mostprobablymeans___.　　A.generatingmotivation.　　B.exertinginfluence　　C.causingdamage　　D.creatingpressure　　28.AllofthefollowingaretrueEXCEPT_______　　A.mentendtotalkmoreinpublicthanwomen　　B.nearly50percentofrecentdivorcesarecausedbyfailedconversation　　C.womenattachmuchimportancetomunicationbetweencouples　　D.afemaletendstobemoretalkativeathomethanherspouse　　29.Whichofthefollowingcanbestsummarizethemainideaofthistext?　　A.Themoraldecayingdeservesmoreresearchbysociologists.　　B.Marriagebreak-upstemsfromsexinequalities.　　C.Husbandandwifehavedifferentexpectationsfromtheirmarriage.　　D.Conversationalpatternsbetweenmanandwifearedifferent.　　30.Inthefollowingpartimmediatelyafterthistext,theauthorwillmostprobablyfocus　on______　　A.avividaccountofthenewbookDivorceTalk　　B.adetaileddescriptionofthestereotypicalcartoon　　C.otherpossiblereasonsforahighdivorcerateintheU.S.　　D.abriefintroductiontothepoliticalscientistAndrewHackerText3　　Overthepastdecade,manypanieshadperfectedtheartofcreatingautomaticbehaviors—habits—amongconsumers.Thesehabitshavehelpedpaniesearnbillionsofdollarswhencustomerseatsnacks,applylotionsandwipecountersalmostwithoutthinking,ofteninresponsetoacarefullydesignedsetofdailycues.　　“Therearefundamentalpublichealthproblems,likedirtyhandsinsteadofasoaphabit,thatremainkillersonlybecausewecan’tfigureouthowtochangepeople’shabits,”Dr.Curtissaid.“Wewantedtolearnfromprivateindustryhowtocreatenewbehaviorsthathappenautomatically.”　　ThepaniesthatDr.Curtisturnedto—Procter&Gamble,Colgate-PalmoliveandUnilever—hadinvestedhundredsofmillionsofdollarsfindingthesubtlecuesinconsumers’livesthatcorporationscouldusetointroducenewroutines.Ifyoulookhardenough,you’llfindthatmanyoftheproductsweuseeveryday—chewinggums,skinmoisturizers,disinfectingwipes,airfresheners,waterpurifiers,healthsnacks,antiperspirants,colognes,teethwhiteners,fabricsofteners,vitamins—areresultsofmanufacturedhabits.Acenturyago,fewpeopleregularlybrushedtheirteethmultipletimesaday.Today,becauseofcannyadvertisingandpublichealthcampaigns,manyAmericanshabituallygivetheirpearlywhitesacavity-preventingscrubtwiceaday,oftenwithColgate,Crestoroneoftheotherbrands.Afewdecadesago,manypeopledidn’tdrinkwateroutsideofameal.Thenbeveragepaniesstartedbottlingtheproductionoffar-offsprings,andnowofficeworkersunthinkinglysipbottledwateralldaylong.Chewinggum,onceboughtprimarilybyadolescentboys,isnowfeaturedinmercialsasabreathfreshenerandteethcleanserforuseafterameal.Skinmoisturizersareadvertisedaspartofmorningbeautyrituals,slippedinbetweenhairbrushingandputtingonmakeup.　　“Ourproductssucceedwhentheybeepartofdailyorweeklypatterns,”saidCarolBerning,aconsumerpsychologistwhorecentlyretiredfromProcter&Gamble,thepanythatsold$76billionofTide,Crestandotherproductslastyear.“Creatingpositivehabitsisahugepartofimprovingourconsumers’lives,andit’sessentialtomakingnewproductsmerciallyviable.”　　Throughexperimentsandobservation,socialscientistslikeDr.Berninghavelearnedthatthereispowerintyingcertainbehaviorstohabitualcuesthroughrelentlessadvertising.Asthisnewscienceofhabithasemerged,controversieshaveeruptedwhenthetacticshavebeenusedtosellquestionablebeautycreamsorunhealthyfoods.　　31.AccordingtoDr.Curtis,habitslikehandwashingwithsoap________.　　[A]shouldbefurthercultivated　　[B]shouldbechangedgradually　　[C]aredeeplyrootedinhistory　　[D]arebasicallyprivateconcerns　　32.Bottledwater,chewinggunandskinmoisturizersarementionedinParagraph5soasto____　　[A]revealtheirimpactonpeople’shabits　　[B]showtheurgentneedofdailynecessities　　[C]indicatetheireffectonpeople’sbuyingpower　　[D]manifestthesignificantroleofgoodhabits　　33.WhichofthefollowingdoesNOTbelongtoproductsthathelpcreatepeople’shabits?　　[A]Tide　　[B]Crest　　[C]Colgate　　[D]Unilever　　34.Fromthetextweknowthatsomeofconsumer’shabitsaredevelopeddueto_____　　[A]perfectedartofproducts　　[B]automaticbehaviorcreation　　[C]mercialpromotions　　[D]scientificexperiments　　35.Theauthor’sattitudetowardtheinfluenceofadvertisementonpeople’shabitsis____　　[A]indifferent　　[B]negative　　[C]positive　　[D]biasedText4　　ManyAmericansregardthejurysystemasaconcreteexpressionofcrucialdemocraticvalues,includingtheprinciplesthatallcitizenswhomeetminimalqualificationsofageandliteracyareequallypetenttoserveonjuries;thatjurorsshouldbeselectedrandomlyfromarepresentativecrosssectionofthemunity;thatnocitizenshouldbedeniedtherighttoserveonajuryonaccountofrace,religion,sex,ornationalorigin;thatdefendantsareentitledtotrialbytheirpeers;andthatverdictsshouldrepresenttheconscienceofthemunityandnotjusttheletterofthelaw.Thejuryisalsosaidtobethebestsurvivingexampleofdirectratherthanrepresentativedemocracy.Inadirectdemocracy,citizenstaketurnsgoverningthemselves,ratherthanelectingrepresentativestogovernforthem.　　Butasrecentlyasin1986,juryselectionproceduresconflictedwiththesedemocraticideals.Insomestates,forexample,jurydutywaslimitedtopersonsofsupposedlysuperiorintelligence,education,andmoralcharacter.AlthoughtheSupremeCourtoftheUnitedStateshadprohibitedintentionalracialdiscriminationinjuryselectionasearlyasthe1880caseofStrauderv.WestVirginia,thepracticeofselectingso-calledeliteorblue-ribbonjuriesprovidedaconvenientwayaroundthisandotherantidiscriminationlaws.　　Thesystemalsofailedtoregularlyincludewomenonjuriesuntilthemid-20thcentury.AlthoughwomenfirstservedonstatejuriesinUtahin1898,itwasnotuntilthe1940sthatamajorityofstatesmadewomeneligibleforjuryduty.Eventhenseveralstatesautomaticallyexemptedwomenfromjurydutyunlesstheypersonallyaskedtohavetheirnamesincludedonthejurylist.Thispracticewasjustifiedbytheclaimthatwomenwereneededathome,anditkeptjuriesunrepresentativeofwomenthroughthe1960s.　　In1968,theCongressoftheUnitedStatespassedtheJurySelectionandServiceAct,usheringinaneweraofdemocraticreformsforthejury.Thislawabolishedspecialeducationalrequirementsforfederaljurorsandrequiredthemtobeselectedatrandomfromacrosssectionoftheentiremunity.Inthelandmark1975decisionTaylorvs.Louisiana,theSupremeCourtextendedtherequirementthatjuriesberepresentativeofallpartsofthemunitytothestatelevel.TheTaylordecisionalsodeclaredsexdiscriminationinjuryselectiontobeunconstitutionalandorderedstatestousethesameproceduresforselectingmaleandfemalejurors.　　36.FromtheprinciplesoftheUSjurysystem,welearnthat______　　[A]bothliberateandilliteratepeoplecanserveonjuries[B]defendantsareimmunefromtrialbytheirpeers　　[C]noagelimitshouldbeimposedforjuryservice　　[D]judgmentshouldconsidertheopinionofthepublic　　37.Thepracticeofselectingso-calledelitejurorspriorto1968showed_____　　[A]theinadequacyofantidiscriminationlaws　　[B]theprevalentdiscriminationagainstcertainraces　　[C]theconflictingidealsinjuryselectionprocedures　　[D]thearrogancemonamongtheSupremeCourtjustices38.Eveninthe1960s,womenwereseldomonthejurylistinsomestatesbecause_____　　[A]theywereautomaticallybannedbystatelaws　　[B]theyfellfarshortoftherequiredqualifications　　[C]theyweresupposedtoperformdomesticduties[D]theytendedtoevadepublicengagement　　39.AftertheJurySelectionandServiceActwaspassed.___　　[A]sexdiscriminationinjuryselectionwasunconstitutionalandhadtobeabolished　　[B]educationalrequirementsbecamelessrigidintheselectionoffederaljurors　　[C]jurorsatthestateleveloughttoberepresentativeoftheentiremunity　　[D]statesoughttoconformtothefederalcourtinreformingthejurysystem　　40.IndiscussingtheUSjurysystem,thetextcenterson_______　　[A]itsnatureandproblems　　[B]itscharacteristicsandtradition　　[C]itsproblemsandtheirsolutions　　[D]itstraditionanddevelopmentPartB根据下文判断正误　　原文：　　BOTHBoeingandAirbushavetrumpetedtheefficiencyoftheirnewestaircraft,the787andA350respectively.Theircleverdesignsandlightweightpositescertainlymakeadifference.ButagroupofresearchersatStanfordUniversity,ledbyIlanKroo,hassuggestedthatairlinescouldtakeamorenaturalisticapproachtocuttingjet-fueluse,anditwouldnotrequirethemtobuynewaircraft.　　Theanswer,saysDrKroo,lieswithbirds.Since1914,andaseminalpaperbyaGermanresearchercalledCarlWieselsberger,scientistshaveknownthatbirdsflyinginformation—aV-shape,echelonorotherwise—expendlessenergy.Theairflowingoverabird’swingscurlsupwardsbehindthewingtips,aphenomenonknownasupwash.Otherbirdsflyingintheupwashexperiencereduceddrag,andspendlessenergypropellingthemselves.PeterLissaman,anaeronauticsexpertwhowasformerlyatCaltechandtheUniversityofSouthern　　Whenappliedtoaircraft,theprinciplesarenotsubstantiallydifferent.DrKrooandhisteammodelledwhatwouldhappenifthreepassengerjetsdepartingfromLosAngeles,SanFranciscoandLasVegasweretorendezvousoverUtah,assumeaninvertedV-formation,occasionallyswapplacessoallcouldhaveaturninthemostfavourablepositions,andproceedtoLondon.Theyfoundthattheaircraftconsumedasmuchas15%lessfuel(withaconitantreductionincarbon-dioxideoutput).Nitrogen-oxideemissionsduringthecruisingportionsoftheflightfellbyaroundaquarter.　　Thereare,ofcourse,kinkstobeworkedout.Oneconsiderationissafety,oratleasttheperceptionofit.Wouldpassengersfeelfortabletravellinginconvoy?DrKroopointsoutthattheaircraftcouldbeseparatedbyseveralnauticalmiles,andwouldnotbeintheunnervinglycosygroupingsfavouredbydisplayteamsliketheRedArrows.Apassengerpeeringoutofthewindowmightnotevenseetheotherplanes.Whethertheseparationdistancesinvolvedwouldsatisfyair-traffic-controlregulationsisanothermatter,althoughaworkinggroupattheInternationalCivilAviation.Organisationhasincludedthepossibilityofformationflyinginablueprintfornewoperationalguidelines.　　Itremainstobeseenhowweatherconditionsaffecttheairflowsthatmakeformationflightmoreefficient.Inzonesofincreasedturbulence,theplanes’wakeswilldecaymorequicklyandtheeffectwilldiminish.DrKroosaysthisisoneoftheareashisteamwillinvestigatefurther.Itmightalsobehardforairlinestoco-ordinatethedeparturetimesanddestinationsofpassengeraircraftinawaythatwouldallowthemtogainfromformationflight.Cargoaircraft,incontrast,mightbeeasiertoreschedule,asmightroutinemilitaryflights.　　Asithappens,America’sarmedforcesareonthecasealready.Earlierthisyearthecountry’sDefenceAdvancedResearchProjectsAgencyannouncedplanstopayBoeingtoinvestigateformationflight,thoughtheprogrammehasyettobegin.Therearereportsthatsomemilitaryaircraftflewinformationwhentheywerelowonfuelduringthesecondworldwar,butDrLissamansaystheyareapocryphal.“MyfatherwasanRAFpilotandmycousintheskipperofaLancasterlostoverBerlin,”headds.Soheshouldknow.　　41.FindingsoftheStanfordUniversityresearcherswillpromotethesalesofnewBoeingandAirbusaircraft.　　42.Theupwashexperiencemaysavepropellingenergyaswellasreducingresistance.　　43.Formationflightismorefortablebecausepassengerscannotseetheotherplanes.　　44.Therolethatweatherplaysinformationflighthasnotyetbeenclearlydefined.45.IthasbeendocumentedthatduringWorldWarII,America’sarmedforcesoncetriedformationflighttosavefuel.SectionⅢTranslation46.Directions:InthissectionthereisatextinEnglish.TranslateitintoChinese.WriteyourtranslationonANSWERSHEET2.(15points)“Suatainability”hasbeeapopularwordthesedays,buttoTedNing,theconceptwillalwayshavepersonalmeaning.Havingenduredapainfulperiodofunsustainabilityinhisownlifemadeitcleartohimthatsustainability-orientedvaluesmustbeexpressedthougheverydayactionandchoice。Ningrecallsspendingaconfusingyearinthelate1990ssellinginsurance.He’dbeenthoughthedot-boomandburstand,desperateforajob,signedonwithaBoulderagency。Itdidin’tgowell.“Itwasareallyhadmovebecausethat’snotmypassion,”saysNing,whosedilemmaaboutthejobtranslated,predictably,intoalackofsales.“Iwasmiserable,IhadsomuchanxietythatIwouldwakeupinthemiddleofthenightandstareattheceiling.Ihadnomoneyandneededthejob.Everyonesaid,‘Justwait,you’lltrunthecorner,giveitsometime.’”47.Directions:YouhavejustebackfromtheU.S.asamemberofaSino-Americanculturalexchangeprogram.WritealettertoyourAmericancolleagueto1)Expressyourthanksforhis/herwarmreception;2)Welehim/hertovisitChinainduecourse。Youshouldwrit