高考英语母题题源系列专题13阅读理解说明文含解析

2016年高考英语母题源系列-专题13-阅读理解(说明文)(含解析)PAGEPAGE-1-母题十三阅读理解（说明文）【母题来源一】【2016·全国新课标I】【母题原题】【2016·全国新课标I】DThe meaning of silence varies among cultural groups. Silences may be thoughtful, or they may be empty when a person has nothing to say. A silence in a conversation may also show stubbornness, or worry. Silence may be viewed by some cultural groups as extremely uncomfortable; therefore attempts may be made to fill every gap(间隙)with conversation. Persons in other cultural groups value silence and view it as necessary for understanding a person's needs.Many Native Americans value silence and feel it is a basic part of communicating among people, just as some traditional Chinese and Thai persons do. Therefore, when a person from one of these cultures is speaking and suddenlystops, what maybe implied(暗示) is that the personwantsthelistenertoconsiderwhathasbeensaidbeforecontinuing.Inthesecultures,silenceisacallforreflection.Otherculturesmayusesilenceinotherways,particularlywhendealingwithconflictsamongpeopleorinrelationshipsofpeoplewithdifferentamountsofpower.Forexample,Russian,French,andSpanishpersonsmayusesilencetoshowagreementbetweenpartiesaboutthetopicunderdiscussion.However,Mexicansmayusesilencewheninstructionsaregivenbyapersoninauthorityratherthanberudetothatpersonbyarguingwithhimorher.Instillanotheruse,personsinAsianculturesmayviewsilenceasasignofrespect,particularlytoanelderorapersoninauthority.Nursesandothercare-giversneedtobeawareofthepossiblemeaningsofsilencewhentheycomeacrossthepersonalanxietytheirpatientsmaybeexperiencing.Nursesshouldrecognizetheirownpersonalandculturalconstructionofsilencesothatapatient’ssilenceisnotinterruptedtooearlyorallowedtogoonunnecessarily.Anursewhounderstandsthehealing(治愈)valueofsilencecanusethisunderstandingtoassistinthecareofpatientsfromtheirownandfromothercultures.Whatdoestheauthorsayaboutsilenceinconversations?Itimpliesanger.Itpromotesfriendship.Itisculture-specific.Itiscontent-based.Whichofthefollowingpeoplemightregardsilenceasacallforcarefulthought?TheChinese.TheFrench.TheMexicans.TheRussians.Whatdoestheauthoradvisenursestodoaboutsilence?Letitcontinueasthepatientpleases.Breakitwhiletreatingpatients.Evaluateitsharmtopatients.Makeuseofitshealingeffects.Whatmaybethebesttitleforthetext?SoundandSilenceWhatItMeanstoBeSilentSilencetoNativeAmericansSpeechIsSilver;SilenceIsGold【答案】32-35.CADB33.A细节理解题。根据第二段中whatmaybeimpliedisthatthepersonwantsthelistenertoconsiderwhathasbeensaidbeforecontinuing可知中国人认为谈话时人们的沉默是在思考谈话内容。34.D细节理解题。根据末段末句Anursewhounderstandsthehealingvalueofsilencecanusethisunderstandingtoassistinthecareofpatients可知，作者建议护士要利用沉默的好处来护理病人。故选D。35.B主旨要义题。文章主要介绍了在不同文化背景下谈话期间的沉默的不同含义，由此判断B选项可以概括文章内容。故选B。考点：社会生活类短文阅读【母题来源二】【2016·全国新课标II】【母题原题】【2016·全国新课标II】CReadingcanbeasocialactivity.Thinkofthepeoplewhobelongtobookgroups.Theychoosebookstoreadandthenmeettodiscussthem.Now,thewebsiteBookCrossing.comturnsthepageonthetraditionalideaofabookgroup.Membersgoonthesiteandregisterthebookstheyownandwouldliketoshare.BookCrossingprovidesanidentificationnumbertostickinsidethebook.Thenthepersonleavesitinapublicplace,hopingthatthebookwillhaveanadventure,travelingfarandwidewitheachnewreaderwhofindsit.BrucePederson,themanagingdirectorofBookCrossing,says,“Thetwothingsthatchangeyourlifearethepeopleyoumeetandbooksyouread.BookCrossingcombinesboth.”Membersleavebooksonparkbenchesandbuses,intrainstationsandcoffeeshops.Whoeverfindstheirbookwillgotothesiteandrecordwheretheyfoundit.Peoplewhofindabookcanalsoleaveajournalentrydescribingwhattheythoughtofit.E-mailsarethensenttotheBookCrossingtokeepthemupdatedaboutwheretheirbookshavebeenfound.Brucepetersonsaystheideaisforpeoplenottobeselfishbykeepingabooktogatherdustonashelfathome.BookCrossingispartofatrendamongpeoplewhowanttogetbacktothe“real”andnotthevirtual(虚拟).Thesitenowhasmorethanonemillionmembersinmorethanonehundredthirty-fivecountries.9.Whydoestheauthormentionbookgroupsinthefirstparagraph?A.Toexplainwhattheyare.B.TointroduceBookCrossing.C.Tostresstheimportanceofreading.D.Toencouragereaderstosharetheirideas.10.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“it”inParagraph2referto?A.Thebook.B.Anadventure.C.Apublicplace.D.Theidentificationnumber.11.WhatwillaBookCrosserdowithabookafterreadingit?A.Meetotherreaderstodiscussit.B.Keepitsafeinhisbookcase.C.Passitontoanotherreader.D.Mailitbacktoitsowner.12.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.OnlineReading:AVirtualTourB.ElectronicBooks:AnewTrendC.ABookGroupBringsTraditionBackD.AWebsiteLinksPeoplethroughBooks【答案】9.B10.A11.C12.D10.A代词指代题。根据本句“....hopingthatthebookwillhaveanadventure,travelingfarandwidewitheachnewreaderwhofindsit”那些留下书的人希望自己的书能够随着找到它的人走得更远。可知其中的it指代前半句提到的同一事物“thebook”。故A正确。11.C推理判断题。根据文章第四段最后一句“....theideaisforpeoplenottobeselfishbykeepingabooktogatherdustonashelfathome”让书蒙上尘土是一种很自私的行为，网站BookCrossing.com的目的正是鼓励人们与别人分享图书，所以拿到书的人最可能继续把书传递下去。故C项正确。12.D标题概括题。根据文章第三段可知BookCrossing.com把人生命中最重要的两个事物：人和书联系在一起。D项内容能够涵盖文章的中心思想。【名师点睛】本文考查了代词指代题。根据本句“....hopingthatthebookwillhaveanadventure,travelingfarandwidewitheachnewreaderwhofindsit”留下书的人希望自己的书能够随着找到它的人走得更远。可知其中的it指代前半句提到的同一事物“thebook”。阅读的时候我们可以根据上下文的指代关系进行选择：文章中的代词it，that，he，him或them可以指上文提到的人或物，其中it和that还可以指一件事。有时代词指代的对象相隔较远，要认真查找；有时需要对前面提到的内容进行，才能得出代词所指代的事。例如：      However, the question that "moon people" asked is still an interesting one. A growing number of scientists are seriously thinking about it.      首先，it指上句中的the question，而the question又指上一段中“月球人”所提的问题，所以要经过两次查找才能选出答案。考点：考查说明文阅读【命题意图】阅读理解从能力的角度来讲，考查学生运用英语的能力，具体地说，就是通过阅读有关文章提取有用信息的能力。【考试方向】阅读理解所选的语段包括叙述文、说明文、应用文和议，继续保持了体裁的多样化特点。选材多源于英文报刊和网络媒体，包括广告应用文、日常生活、新闻报道、社会背景、政治经济、科普文章等各个方面的知识，并且具有鲜明的英语语言文化特点和浓厚的时代气息。综合地反映了政治、经济、文化和生活的各个方面，体现了“语言是文化的载体”这一重要理念；从题型的角度看，阅读题型主要有、细节理解型、主旨大意型、词义猜测型、推理判断型、篇章结构型、细节理解型。【得分要点】从解题方法的角度讲，根据不同的题材和体裁，结合阅读的题型特点，采用不同的阅读方法，但不论怎样，理解文章的内容的前提。从题型的角度看，阅读题型主要有、细节理解型、主旨大意型、词义猜测型、推理判断型、篇章结构型、细节理解型。【母题1】【广东省汕头市金山中学2016届高三上学期期末考试】“Can’tholdacandleto”isapopularexpression．Whentherewasn’telectricity,someonewouldhaveaservantlighthiswaybyholdingacandle．Theexpressionmeantthatthepersonwhocannotholdacandletoyouisnotfiteventobeyourservant．Now，itmeanssuchapersoncannotcompareorcompete．Anotherexpressionis“holdyourtongue．”Itmeanstobestillandnottalk．“Holdyourtongue”isnotsomethingyouwouldtellafriend．Butaparentorteachermightusetheexpressiontoquietanoisychild．“Holdout”isanexpressiononehearsofteninsportsreportsandlabornews．Itmeanstorefusetoplayorwork．Professionalfootballandbaseballplayers“holdout”iftheirteamrefusestopaythemwhattheythinktheyareworth．Theexpression“holdup”hasseveraldifferentmeanings．Oneisarobbery．Amanwithagunmaysay,“Thisisaholdup．Givemeyourmoney．”Anothermeaningistodelay．Adriverwhowasheldupbyheavytrafficmightbelateforwork．Anothermeaningisforastorytobeconsideredtrueafteraninvestigation．Astorycanholdupifitisprovedtrue．“Holdon”isanotherexpression，whichmeanswaitorstop．Asyouleaveforschool，yourbrothermaysay,“Holdon，youforgotyourbook．”Itisusedtoaskatelephonecallertowaitandnothanguphistelephone．Ourfinalexpressionis“holdtheline．”Thatmeanstokeepaproblemorsituationfromgettingworse—toholdsteady．Forexample，thepresidentmaysayhewill“holdthelineontaxes．”Hemeanstherewillbenoincreaseintaxes．4.Theexpression“can’tholdacandleto”canbeusedwhen____________．A.somefootballersrefusetoplayagameB.someoneelseiswantedonthephoneC.someoneisnotqualifiedforapositionD.someonewasdelayedbyheavytraffic5.Thetuneofthephrase“holdyourtongue”isprobablyalittle___________．A.amusingB.politeC.unfriendlyD.offensive6.Ifsometeachers“holdout”，theyprobably__________．A.changetheirattitudeB.refusetoworkC.makeacompromiseD.showtheirdevotion7.Whichofthefollowingsentencescanconveypositivemeanings?A.IwaslateasIwasheldupbyaholdup．B.Holdon!Youhavetopaythebill，sir．C.Youcan’tevenholdacandletoMichael．D.Ipromisetoholdthelineonhouseprices．【答案】4C5C6B7D【解析】分析：本文属于文化类说明文，介绍了英语中几个常用的短语，介绍了每个短语的内在含义和具体使用语境并举例进行了说明。4.C 推理判断题。根据第一段后2行Theexpressionmeantthatthepersonwhocannotholdacandletoyouisnotfiteventobeyourservant．Now，itmeanssuchapersoncannotcompareorcompete．这个短语是指那些不会给你拿蜡烛的人是不适合做你的仆人的，也就是说这样的人是不合格的。故该短语是指C项含义。考点：考查说明文阅读【母题2】【山东省日照市第一中学2016届高三上学期期末考试】MoveoverPsy.There’sanewviralmusicvideoontheInternetthat’sgettingmillionsofpeopledancingandlaughing.PsyisasingerwhocreatedGagnamStyle,amusicvideowhichfeaturedacatchytuneandinterestingdance.ThenewmusicvideocalledTheFox(Whatdoesthefoxsay?)hasrecentlygoneviral.At123000000views,itmayevencatchuptoGagnamStyle.Thevideoasksthequestion,“Whatdoesthefoxsay?”It’sagoodquestion.Anditseems,atleastaccordingtothemusicvideo,thereisnogoodanswer.Actorsinthevideodressupliketheanimalsthey’resingingabout.Oneofthebrothersdressesuplikeafox.Thereisasurprisingandsillydanceinthevideothattakestheviewerabitoff-guard.Thevideo’sappealisthesong’ssimplerhythmandcatchychorus(副歌).Themakersofthevideoneverexpectedthevideotodowelloreventobetakenseriously.Infact,itstartedoutasajoke.ThesongwaswrittenbytwobrothersfromNorway,VegardandBardYlvisker.Thebrothershavetheirownlate-nighttalkshowinNorway.Theythoughtthevideowouldbesobadthatitwouldgivethemsomethingtotalkaboutontheirshow.[Z-x-x-k.Com]Ontheirwebsite,theysaythevideowas“supposedtoentertainafewNorwegiansforthreeminutes—andthat’sall.”Butpeoplestartedlovingit.Somepeoplesaythatonceyoulistentothedelightfullysillysong,youwanttolistentoitagainandagain.ThebrothershavebeenguestsonsomemajorNorthAmericantalkshows.Theysaythey’rehappyaboutthesuccessoftheirvideo,buttheyknowthattomorrowsomethingelsecouldcomealongandbeevenbigger.32.WhatcanbelearntaboutthemusicvideoinventedbyPsy?A.ItfeaturedthetraditionalstyleofKoreanmusic.B.Itwasdifficultforpeopletofollow.C.Itwasnamedafteranewvirus.D.Itcouldmakepeoplerelaxalot.33.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesthenewmusicvideoTheFox?A.Itcancatchtheviewers’hearteasilybyitsamusingtuneanddance.B.ItfeaturesthesamestorywiththemusicvideoGagnamStyle.C.Itanswersthequestion“Whatdoesthefoxsay?”exactly.D.Ithastherealanimalsinthevideo.34.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatnowadaysmostpeople______.A.liketoenjoymusicwithsimpleandeasystyle.B.havedifficultyinunderstandingtheviralmoviemusic.C.areworkinghardfortheadvancementofclassicmusic.D.aretiredofmanymusicvideoswhicharepopularizedthroughInternettooquickly.35.Theunderlinedword“off-guard”inParagraph3isclosestinmeaningto______.A.Annoyed.B.Offended.C.Unexpected.D.Relaxed.【答案】32D33A34A35C【解析】试题分析：本文介绍了最近网络上很流行的一首歌：TheFox。具体说明了这首歌的特点以及人们对这首歌的喜好程度。32.D推理判断题。根据文章第三段最后一句.Thevideo’sappealisthesong’ssimplerhythmandcatchychorus(副歌).这首歌的节奏很简单，副歌部分很吸引人。再根据倒数第二段最后一句Somepeoplesaythatonceyoulistentothedelightfullysillysong,youwanttolistentoitagainandagain.可知有些人一听到这个令人高兴的音乐就会一遍一遍地再听。说明这首歌让人很放松，人们都想听它。可知故D正确。考点：考查说明文阅读